To gain a better understanding about texture evolution during rolling process of AZ31 alloy, polycrystalline plasticity model was implemented into the explicit FE package, ABAQUS/Explicit by writing a user subroutine ...To gain a better understanding about texture evolution during rolling process of AZ31 alloy, polycrystalline plasticity model was implemented into the explicit FE package, ABAQUS/Explicit by writing a user subroutine VUMAT. For each individual grain in the polycrystalline aggregate, the rate dependent model was adopted to calculate the plastic shear strain increment in combination with the Voce hardening law to describe the hardening response, the lattice reorientation caused by slip and twinning were calculated separately due to their different mechanisms. The elasto-plastic self consistent （EPSC） model was employed to relate the response of individual grain to the response of the polycrystalline aggregate. Rolling processes of AZ31 sheet and as-cast AZ31 alloy were simulated respectively. The predicted texture distributions are in aualitative a^reement with experimental results.展开更多
We develop a relativistic nuclear structure model, relativistic consistent angular-momentum projected shell-model (RECAPS), which combines the relativistic mean-field theory with the angular-momentum projection method...We develop a relativistic nuclear structure model, relativistic consistent angular-momentum projected shell-model (RECAPS), which combines the relativistic mean-field theory with the angular-momentum projection method. In this new model, nuclear ground-state properties are first calculated consistently using relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory. Then angular momentum projection method is used to project out states with good angular momentum from a few important configurations. By diagonalizing the hamiltonian, the energy levels and wave functions are obtained. This model is a new attempt for the understanding of nuclear structure of normal nuclei and for the prediction of nuclear properties of nuclei far from stability. In this paper, we will describe the treatment of the relativistic mean field. A computer code, RECAPS-RMF, is developed. It solves the relativistic mean field with axial-symmetric deformation in the spherical harmonic oscillator basis. Comparisons between our calculations and existing relativistic mean-field calculations are made to test the model. These include the ground-state properties of spherical nuclei <SUP>16</SUP>O and <SUP>208</SUP>Pb, the deformed nucleus <SUP>20</SUP>Ne. Good agreement is obtained.展开更多
An energy-dissipation based viscoplastic consistency model is presented to describe the performance of concrete under dynamic loading. The development of plasticity is started with the thermodynamic hypotheses in orde...An energy-dissipation based viscoplastic consistency model is presented to describe the performance of concrete under dynamic loading. The development of plasticity is started with the thermodynamic hypotheses in order that the model may have a sound theoretical background. Independent hardening and softening and the rate dependence of concrete are described separately for tension and compression. A modified implicit backward Euler integration scheme is adopted for the numerical computation. Static and dynamic behavior of the material is illustrated with certain numerical examples at material point level and structural level, and compared with existing experimental data. Results validate the effectiveness of the model.展开更多
Inclusion of dissipation and memory mechanisms, non-classical elasticity and thermal effects in the currently used plate/shell mathematical models require that we establish if these mathematical models can be derived ...Inclusion of dissipation and memory mechanisms, non-classical elasticity and thermal effects in the currently used plate/shell mathematical models require that we establish if these mathematical models can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of continuum mechanics in conjunction with the corresponding kinematic assumptions. This is referred to as thermodynamic consistency of the mathematical models. Thermodynamic consistency ensures thermodynamic equilibrium during the evolution of the deformation. When the mathematical models are thermodynamically consistent, the second law of thermodynamics facilitates consistent derivations of constitutive theories in the presence of dissipation and memory mechanisms. This is the main motivation for the work presented in this paper. In the currently used mathematical models for plates/shells based on the assumed kinematic relations, energy functional is constructed over the volume consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of the loads. The Euler’s equations derived from the first variation of the energy functional for arbitrary length when set to zero yield the mathematical model(s) for the deforming plates/shells. Alternatively, principle of virtual work can also be used to derive the same mathematical model(s). For linear elastic reversible deformation physics with small deformation and small strain, these two approaches, based on energy functional and the principle of virtual work, yield the same mathematical models. These mathematical models hold for reversible mechanical deformation. In this paper, we examine whether the currently used plate/shell mathematical models with the corresponding kinematic assumptions can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of classical or non-classical continuum mechanics. The mathematical models based on Kirchhoff hypothesis (classical plate theory, CPT) and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) that are representative of most mathematical models for plates/shells are investigated in this paper for their thermodynamic consistency. This is followed by the details of a general and higher order thermodynamically consistent plate/shell thermoelastic mathematical model that is free of a priori consideration of kinematic assumptions and remains valid for very thin as well as thick plates/shells with comprehensive nonlinear constitutive theories based on integrity. Model problem studies are presented for small deformation behavior of linear elastic plates in the absence of thermal effects and the results are compared with CPT and FSDT mathematical models.展开更多
We present a thermodynamically consistent model for diblock copolymer melts coupled with an electric field derived using the Onsager linear response theory.We compare the model with the thermodynamically inconsistent ...We present a thermodynamically consistent model for diblock copolymer melts coupled with an electric field derived using the Onsager linear response theory.We compare the model with the thermodynamically inconsistent one previously used for the coupled system to highlight their differences in describing transient dynamics.展开更多
In this paper,the conventional method of establishing spatial channel models(SCMs)based on measurements is extended by including clusters-of-scatterers(CoSs)that exist along propagation paths.The channel models result...In this paper,the conventional method of establishing spatial channel models(SCMs)based on measurements is extended by including clusters-of-scatterers(CoSs)that exist along propagation paths.The channel models resulted utilizing this new method are applicable for generating channel realizations of reasonable spatial consistency,which is required for designing techniques and systems of the fifth generation wireless communications.The scatterers’locations are estimated from channel measurement data obtained using large-scale antenna arrays through the Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation-Maximization(SAGE)algorithm derived under a spherical wavefront assumption.The stochastic properties of CoSs extracted from real measurement data in an indoor environment are presented.展开更多
A self-consistent analysis of a pulsed direct-current (DC) N2 glow discharge is presented. The model is based on a numerical solution of the continuity equations for electron and ions coupled with Poisson's equati...A self-consistent analysis of a pulsed direct-current (DC) N2 glow discharge is presented. The model is based on a numerical solution of the continuity equations for electron and ions coupled with Poisson's equation. The spatial-temporal variations of ionic and electronic densities and electric field are obtained. The electric field structure exhibits all the characteristic regions of a typical glow discharge (the cathode fall, the negative glow, and the positive column). Current-voltage characteristics of the discharge can be obtained from the model. The calculated current-voltage results using a constant secondary electron emission coefficient for the gas pressure 133.32 Pa are in reasonable agreement with experiment.展开更多
The aim of this article is to explore potential directions for the development of artificial intelligence(AI).It points out that,while current AI can handle the statistical properties of complex systems,it has difficu...The aim of this article is to explore potential directions for the development of artificial intelligence(AI).It points out that,while current AI can handle the statistical properties of complex systems,it has difficulty effectively processing and fully representing their spatiotemporal complexity patterns.The article also discusses a potential path of AI development in the engineering domain.Based on the existing understanding of the principles of multilevel com-plexity,this article suggests that consistency among the logical structures of datasets,AI models,model-building software,and hardware will be an important AI development direction and is worthy of careful consideration.展开更多
The numerical approximation of stochastic partial differential equations(SPDEs),particularly those including q-diffusion,poses considerable challenges due to the requirements for high-order precision,stability amongst...The numerical approximation of stochastic partial differential equations(SPDEs),particularly those including q-diffusion,poses considerable challenges due to the requirements for high-order precision,stability amongst random perturbations,and processing efficiency.Because of their simplicity,conventional numerical techniques like the Euler-Maruyama method are frequently employed to solve stochastic differential equations;nonetheless,they may have low-order accuracy and lower stability in stiff or high-resolution situations.This study proposes a novel computational scheme for solving SPDEs arising from a stochastic SEIR model with q-diffusion and a general incidence rate function.A proposed computational scheme can be used to solve stochastic partial differential equations.For spatial discretization,a compact scheme is chosen.The compact scheme can provide a sixth-order accurate solution.The proposed scheme can be considered an extension of the Euler Maruyama method.Stability and consistency in the mean square sense are also provided.For application purposes,the stochastic SEIR model is considered using q-diffusion effects.The scheme is used to solve the stochastic model and compared with the Euler-Maruyama method.The scheme is also compared with nonstandard finite difference method for solving deterministic models.In both cases,it performs better than existing schemes.Incorporating q-diffusion further enhanced the model’s ability to represent realistic spatial-temporal disease dynamics,especially in scenarios where classical diffusion is insufficient.展开更多
The 5E model includes Engagement,Exploration,Explanation,Elaboration,and Evaluation,with“Evaluation”at the end,conflicting with teaching learning-evaluation consistency.Thus,formative levaluation is integrated into ...The 5E model includes Engagement,Exploration,Explanation,Elaboration,and Evaluation,with“Evaluation”at the end,conflicting with teaching learning-evaluation consistency.Thus,formative levaluation is integrated into the first four stages,and a summative evaluation table is designed for the fifth,enabling students to self-evaluate and reflect.Elementary school English picture book teaching is used as an example to demonstrate the optimized model's application.展开更多
On basis of test information, the research performed analysis on water production function models of two crops, which indicated that water model of crops in whole growth stage and water model of crops indifferent grow...On basis of test information, the research performed analysis on water production function models of two crops, which indicated that water model of crops in whole growth stage and water model of crops indifferent growth stages have consistency as well as differences, providing references for optimization of irrigation water. Meanwhile, the research analyzed the deficiency of optimization on irrigation water for crops just by Jensen model.展开更多
近年来,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)等领域取得了显著进展,展现出强大的语言理解与生成能力。然而,在实际应用过程中,大语言模型仍然面临诸多挑战。其中,幻觉(hallucinati...近年来,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)等领域取得了显著进展,展现出强大的语言理解与生成能力。然而,在实际应用过程中,大语言模型仍然面临诸多挑战。其中,幻觉(hallucination)问题引起了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。如何有效检测大语言模型幻觉,成为确保其在文本生成等下游任务可靠、安全、可信应用的关键挑战。该研究着重对大语言模型幻觉检测方法进行综述:首先,介绍了大语言模型概念,进一步明确了幻觉的定义与分类,系统梳理了大语言模型从构建到部署应用全生命周期各环节的特点,并深入分析了幻觉的产生机制与诱因;其次,立足于实际应用需求,考虑到在不同任务场景下模型透明度的差异等因素,将幻觉检测方法划分为针对白盒模型和黑盒模型2类,并进行了重点梳理和深入对比;而后,分析总结了现阶段主流的幻觉检测基准,为后续开展幻觉检测奠定基础;最后,指出了大语言模型幻觉检测的各种潜在研究方法和新的挑战。展开更多
目的探讨我国药品临床综合评价政策的优化思路。方法采用ROST CM 6软件对国务院及各部委2014年1月至2024年10月出台的21项药品临床综合评价相关政策文件进行文本挖掘,构建政策一致性(PMC)指数模型,并对其进行量化分析,计算PMC指数和PMC...目的探讨我国药品临床综合评价政策的优化思路。方法采用ROST CM 6软件对国务院及各部委2014年1月至2024年10月出台的21项药品临床综合评价相关政策文件进行文本挖掘,构建政策一致性(PMC)指数模型,并对其进行量化分析,计算PMC指数和PMC凹陷指数,进行PMC曲面分析。结果21项政策文件评价结果中,仅有1项为优秀,2项为合格,其余均为良好;PMC指数均值为5.94,PMC凹陷指数均值为4.06,整体处于良好状态,但仍有提升空间。结论我国药品临床综合评价政策基本完善,建议加强各部委联合发文,畅通政策衔接;拓展政策内容中的评价对象,重视评价质量控制;强调评价结果服务于国家药物政策决策及对企业的反哺作用。展开更多
Consistency of LS estimate of simple linear EV model is studied. It is shown that under some common assumptions of the model, both weak and strong consistency of the estimate are equivalent but it is not so for quadra...Consistency of LS estimate of simple linear EV model is studied. It is shown that under some common assumptions of the model, both weak and strong consistency of the estimate are equivalent but it is not so for quadratic-mean consistency.展开更多
To improve the consistency of the adhesive amount dispensed by the time-pressure dispenser for semiconductor manufacturing, a non-Newtonian fluid flow rate model is developed to represent and estimate the adhesive amo...To improve the consistency of the adhesive amount dispensed by the time-pressure dispenser for semiconductor manufacturing, a non-Newtonian fluid flow rate model is developed to represent and estimate the adhesive amount dispensed in each cycle. Taking account of gas compressibility, an intelligent model-based control strategy is proposed to compensate the deviation of adhesive amount dispensed from the desired one. Both simulations and experiments show that the dispensing consistency is greatly improved by using the model-based control strategy developed in this paper.展开更多
In this article, a partially linear single-index model /or longitudinal data is investigated. The generalized penalized spline least squares estimates of the unknown parameters are suggested. All parameters can be est...In this article, a partially linear single-index model /or longitudinal data is investigated. The generalized penalized spline least squares estimates of the unknown parameters are suggested. All parameters can be estimated simultaneously by the proposed method while the feature of longitudinal data is considered. The existence, strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators are proved under suitable conditions. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the finite sample performance of the proposed method. Our approach can also be used to study the pure single-index model for longitudinal data.展开更多
A formal model representing the navigation behavior of a Web application as the Kripke structure is proposed and an approach that applies model checking to test case generation is presented. The Object Relation Diagra...A formal model representing the navigation behavior of a Web application as the Kripke structure is proposed and an approach that applies model checking to test case generation is presented. The Object Relation Diagram as the object model is employed to describe the object structure of a Web application design and can be translated into the behavior model. A key problem of model checking-based test generation for a Web application is how to construct a set of trap properties that intend to cause the violations of model checking against the behavior model and output of counterexamples used to construct the test sequences. We give an algorithm that derives trap properties from the object model with respect to node and edge coverage criteria.展开更多
基金Projects(50821003,50405014)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(10QH1401400,10520705000,10JC1407300)supported by Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China+1 种基金Project(NCET-07-0545)supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,ChinaFord University Research Program,China
文摘To gain a better understanding about texture evolution during rolling process of AZ31 alloy, polycrystalline plasticity model was implemented into the explicit FE package, ABAQUS/Explicit by writing a user subroutine VUMAT. For each individual grain in the polycrystalline aggregate, the rate dependent model was adopted to calculate the plastic shear strain increment in combination with the Voce hardening law to describe the hardening response, the lattice reorientation caused by slip and twinning were calculated separately due to their different mechanisms. The elasto-plastic self consistent （EPSC） model was employed to relate the response of individual grain to the response of the polycrystalline aggregate. Rolling processes of AZ31 sheet and as-cast AZ31 alloy were simulated respectively. The predicted texture distributions are in aualitative a^reement with experimental results.
基金The project supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10047001,10347113+2 种基金the State Key Basic Research Development Program under Contract No.G200077400the Excellent Young Researcher Grant
文摘We develop a relativistic nuclear structure model, relativistic consistent angular-momentum projected shell-model (RECAPS), which combines the relativistic mean-field theory with the angular-momentum projection method. In this new model, nuclear ground-state properties are first calculated consistently using relativistic mean-field (RMF) theory. Then angular momentum projection method is used to project out states with good angular momentum from a few important configurations. By diagonalizing the hamiltonian, the energy levels and wave functions are obtained. This model is a new attempt for the understanding of nuclear structure of normal nuclei and for the prediction of nuclear properties of nuclei far from stability. In this paper, we will describe the treatment of the relativistic mean field. A computer code, RECAPS-RMF, is developed. It solves the relativistic mean field with axial-symmetric deformation in the spherical harmonic oscillator basis. Comparisons between our calculations and existing relativistic mean-field calculations are made to test the model. These include the ground-state properties of spherical nuclei <SUP>16</SUP>O and <SUP>208</SUP>Pb, the deformed nucleus <SUP>20</SUP>Ne. Good agreement is obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.90510018)
文摘An energy-dissipation based viscoplastic consistency model is presented to describe the performance of concrete under dynamic loading. The development of plasticity is started with the thermodynamic hypotheses in order that the model may have a sound theoretical background. Independent hardening and softening and the rate dependence of concrete are described separately for tension and compression. A modified implicit backward Euler integration scheme is adopted for the numerical computation. Static and dynamic behavior of the material is illustrated with certain numerical examples at material point level and structural level, and compared with existing experimental data. Results validate the effectiveness of the model.
文摘Inclusion of dissipation and memory mechanisms, non-classical elasticity and thermal effects in the currently used plate/shell mathematical models require that we establish if these mathematical models can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of continuum mechanics in conjunction with the corresponding kinematic assumptions. This is referred to as thermodynamic consistency of the mathematical models. Thermodynamic consistency ensures thermodynamic equilibrium during the evolution of the deformation. When the mathematical models are thermodynamically consistent, the second law of thermodynamics facilitates consistent derivations of constitutive theories in the presence of dissipation and memory mechanisms. This is the main motivation for the work presented in this paper. In the currently used mathematical models for plates/shells based on the assumed kinematic relations, energy functional is constructed over the volume consisting of kinetic energy, strain energy and the potential energy of the loads. The Euler’s equations derived from the first variation of the energy functional for arbitrary length when set to zero yield the mathematical model(s) for the deforming plates/shells. Alternatively, principle of virtual work can also be used to derive the same mathematical model(s). For linear elastic reversible deformation physics with small deformation and small strain, these two approaches, based on energy functional and the principle of virtual work, yield the same mathematical models. These mathematical models hold for reversible mechanical deformation. In this paper, we examine whether the currently used plate/shell mathematical models with the corresponding kinematic assumptions can be derived using the conservation and balance laws of classical or non-classical continuum mechanics. The mathematical models based on Kirchhoff hypothesis (classical plate theory, CPT) and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) that are representative of most mathematical models for plates/shells are investigated in this paper for their thermodynamic consistency. This is followed by the details of a general and higher order thermodynamically consistent plate/shell thermoelastic mathematical model that is free of a priori consideration of kinematic assumptions and remains valid for very thin as well as thick plates/shells with comprehensive nonlinear constitutive theories based on integrity. Model problem studies are presented for small deformation behavior of linear elastic plates in the absence of thermal effects and the results are compared with CPT and FSDT mathematical models.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11971051 and U1930402)partially supported by National Science Foundation grants(award DMS-1815921,1954532 and OIA-1655740)a GEAR award from SC EPSCoR/IDeA Program。
文摘We present a thermodynamically consistent model for diblock copolymer melts coupled with an electric field derived using the Onsager linear response theory.We compare the model with the thermodynamically inconsistent one previously used for the coupled system to highlight their differences in describing transient dynamics.
基金jointly supported by the key project “5G Ka frequency bands and higher and lower frequency band cooperative trail system research and development” of China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology under Grant number 2016ZX03001015the Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China under Grant No.2014DFT10290.
文摘In this paper,the conventional method of establishing spatial channel models(SCMs)based on measurements is extended by including clusters-of-scatterers(CoSs)that exist along propagation paths.The channel models resulted utilizing this new method are applicable for generating channel realizations of reasonable spatial consistency,which is required for designing techniques and systems of the fifth generation wireless communications.The scatterers’locations are estimated from channel measurement data obtained using large-scale antenna arrays through the Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation-Maximization(SAGE)algorithm derived under a spherical wavefront assumption.The stochastic properties of CoSs extracted from real measurement data in an indoor environment are presented.
基金The project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 10275010)
文摘A self-consistent analysis of a pulsed direct-current (DC) N2 glow discharge is presented. The model is based on a numerical solution of the continuity equations for electron and ions coupled with Poisson's equation. The spatial-temporal variations of ionic and electronic densities and electric field are obtained. The electric field structure exhibits all the characteristic regions of a typical glow discharge (the cathode fall, the negative glow, and the positive column). Current-voltage characteristics of the discharge can be obtained from the model. The calculated current-voltage results using a constant secondary electron emission coefficient for the gas pressure 133.32 Pa are in reasonable agreement with experiment.
文摘The aim of this article is to explore potential directions for the development of artificial intelligence(AI).It points out that,while current AI can handle the statistical properties of complex systems,it has difficulty effectively processing and fully representing their spatiotemporal complexity patterns.The article also discusses a potential path of AI development in the engineering domain.Based on the existing understanding of the principles of multilevel com-plexity,this article suggests that consistency among the logical structures of datasets,AI models,model-building software,and hardware will be an important AI development direction and is worthy of careful consideration.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2501).
文摘The numerical approximation of stochastic partial differential equations(SPDEs),particularly those including q-diffusion,poses considerable challenges due to the requirements for high-order precision,stability amongst random perturbations,and processing efficiency.Because of their simplicity,conventional numerical techniques like the Euler-Maruyama method are frequently employed to solve stochastic differential equations;nonetheless,they may have low-order accuracy and lower stability in stiff or high-resolution situations.This study proposes a novel computational scheme for solving SPDEs arising from a stochastic SEIR model with q-diffusion and a general incidence rate function.A proposed computational scheme can be used to solve stochastic partial differential equations.For spatial discretization,a compact scheme is chosen.The compact scheme can provide a sixth-order accurate solution.The proposed scheme can be considered an extension of the Euler Maruyama method.Stability and consistency in the mean square sense are also provided.For application purposes,the stochastic SEIR model is considered using q-diffusion effects.The scheme is used to solve the stochastic model and compared with the Euler-Maruyama method.The scheme is also compared with nonstandard finite difference method for solving deterministic models.In both cases,it performs better than existing schemes.Incorporating q-diffusion further enhanced the model’s ability to represent realistic spatial-temporal disease dynamics,especially in scenarios where classical diffusion is insufficient.
基金This paper is funded by Project Information:2023 Guangdong Undergraduate Colleges and Universities Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project Construction Project,Project Name:Action Research on Whole-area Nurturing of English Reading Teaching in Universities,Secondary and Primary Schools under the Perspective of Discipline Nurturing.Project serial number:895.
文摘The 5E model includes Engagement,Exploration,Explanation,Elaboration,and Evaluation,with“Evaluation”at the end,conflicting with teaching learning-evaluation consistency.Thus,formative levaluation is integrated into the first four stages,and a summative evaluation table is designed for the fifth,enabling students to self-evaluate and reflect.Elementary school English picture book teaching is used as an example to demonstrate the optimized model's application.
文摘On basis of test information, the research performed analysis on water production function models of two crops, which indicated that water model of crops in whole growth stage and water model of crops indifferent growth stages have consistency as well as differences, providing references for optimization of irrigation water. Meanwhile, the research analyzed the deficiency of optimization on irrigation water for crops just by Jensen model.
文摘近年来,大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)在自然语言处理(natural language processing,NLP)等领域取得了显著进展,展现出强大的语言理解与生成能力。然而,在实际应用过程中,大语言模型仍然面临诸多挑战。其中,幻觉(hallucination)问题引起了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。如何有效检测大语言模型幻觉,成为确保其在文本生成等下游任务可靠、安全、可信应用的关键挑战。该研究着重对大语言模型幻觉检测方法进行综述:首先,介绍了大语言模型概念,进一步明确了幻觉的定义与分类,系统梳理了大语言模型从构建到部署应用全生命周期各环节的特点,并深入分析了幻觉的产生机制与诱因;其次,立足于实际应用需求,考虑到在不同任务场景下模型透明度的差异等因素,将幻觉检测方法划分为针对白盒模型和黑盒模型2类,并进行了重点梳理和深入对比;而后,分析总结了现阶段主流的幻觉检测基准,为后续开展幻觉检测奠定基础;最后,指出了大语言模型幻觉检测的各种潜在研究方法和新的挑战。
文摘目的探讨我国药品临床综合评价政策的优化思路。方法采用ROST CM 6软件对国务院及各部委2014年1月至2024年10月出台的21项药品临床综合评价相关政策文件进行文本挖掘,构建政策一致性(PMC)指数模型,并对其进行量化分析,计算PMC指数和PMC凹陷指数,进行PMC曲面分析。结果21项政策文件评价结果中,仅有1项为优秀,2项为合格,其余均为良好;PMC指数均值为5.94,PMC凹陷指数均值为4.06,整体处于良好状态,但仍有提升空间。结论我国药品临床综合评价政策基本完善,建议加强各部委联合发文,畅通政策衔接;拓展政策内容中的评价对象,重视评价质量控制;强调评价结果服务于国家药物政策决策及对企业的反哺作用。
文摘Consistency of LS estimate of simple linear EV model is studied. It is shown that under some common assumptions of the model, both weak and strong consistency of the estimate are equivalent but it is not so for quadratic-mean consistency.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50390063,50390064)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No.2003CB716207).
文摘To improve the consistency of the adhesive amount dispensed by the time-pressure dispenser for semiconductor manufacturing, a non-Newtonian fluid flow rate model is developed to represent and estimate the adhesive amount dispensed in each cycle. Taking account of gas compressibility, an intelligent model-based control strategy is proposed to compensate the deviation of adhesive amount dispensed from the desired one. Both simulations and experiments show that the dispensing consistency is greatly improved by using the model-based control strategy developed in this paper.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10571008)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (092300410149)the Core Teacher Foundationof Henan (2006141)
文摘In this article, a partially linear single-index model /or longitudinal data is investigated. The generalized penalized spline least squares estimates of the unknown parameters are suggested. All parameters can be estimated simultaneously by the proposed method while the feature of longitudinal data is considered. The existence, strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators are proved under suitable conditions. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the finite sample performance of the proposed method. Our approach can also be used to study the pure single-index model for longitudinal data.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60673115)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2002CB312001)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Soft-ware Engineering (SKLSE05-13)
文摘A formal model representing the navigation behavior of a Web application as the Kripke structure is proposed and an approach that applies model checking to test case generation is presented. The Object Relation Diagram as the object model is employed to describe the object structure of a Web application design and can be translated into the behavior model. A key problem of model checking-based test generation for a Web application is how to construct a set of trap properties that intend to cause the violations of model checking against the behavior model and output of counterexamples used to construct the test sequences. We give an algorithm that derives trap properties from the object model with respect to node and edge coverage criteria.
