This paper studies the consignment contract with revenue sharing where the retailer offers two revenue share schemes between himself and his supplier from the viewpoint of inventory ownership: One is that the retailer...This paper studies the consignment contract with revenue sharing where the retailer offers two revenue share schemes between himself and his supplier from the viewpoint of inventory ownership: One is that the retailer takes charge of the unsold items,the other one is that the retailer returns the unsold items to the supplier at the end of the selling period,and the supplier disposes those overstockings.In each contract,the retailer deducts a percentage from the selling price for each sold item and transfers the balance to the supplier.The supplier solves a two-stage problem:She first chooses contract,then decides retail price and delivery quantity according to the terms of the contract chosen.With an iso-price-elastic demand model,the authors derive the retailer and suppliers’ optimal decisions for both schemes.In addition,the authors characterize how they are affected by disposing cost.The authors compare the decisions between the two schemes for disposing cost turn out to be holding cost or salvage value,respectively.The authors use numerical examples to show the supplier’s first-stage optimal decision depends critically on demand price elasticity,the disposing cost and the retailer’s share for channel cost.展开更多
Sales promotion is getting more and more prosperous in Chinese cross-border e-commerce platforms where the demand is uncertain.However,most existing literature on promotion strategies is focusing on deterministic dema...Sales promotion is getting more and more prosperous in Chinese cross-border e-commerce platforms where the demand is uncertain.However,most existing literature on promotion strategies is focusing on deterministic demand.In this paper,we propose a game-theoretical model under multiplicative stochastic demand to investigate the pricing,inventory quantity and sales promotion strategies for a supply chain which is consisted of one cross-border distributor and one capital-constrained retailer under a consignment contract.We obtain the equilibrium outcomes under stochastic demand,and find that the optimal price and promotion investment depend on demand uncertainty under endogenous inventory decisions.With exogenous unlimited inventory,the retailer prefers owing promotion right when the elasticity of price and promotion is small enough and its capital is sufficient,while the distributor always prefers to control sales promotion.With endogenous inventory quantity,the sensitivity of demand to price is influence by the demand uncertainty.The retailer prefers to decide the promotion when the price-elasticity is small,while the distributor prefers to decide the promotion under large promotion-elasticity.And the intensity of optimal sales promotion made by retailers may be stronger than that when the distributor owns the promotion right,which depends on the elasticity of price and promotion.More importantly,it is always better for consumers when the distributor reserves the promotion right as a lower optimal retailing price is offered.展开更多
Even with attractive computational advantages,mobile agent technology has not developed its full potential due to various security issues.This paper proposes a method called Private Key Consignment to solve the proble...Even with attractive computational advantages,mobile agent technology has not developed its full potential due to various security issues.This paper proposes a method called Private Key Consignment to solve the problem of how to protect the data carried by mobile agents.It exploits new functionalities and mechanism provided by the trusted computing technology,and adopts both public key and symmetric key cryptographic means for data and key protection.The most notable feature of this method is that it protects the private key of the agent by consigning it to a tamper proof hardware,thus,enabling convenient and secure use of the private key.It provides a new scheme of mobile agents'data protection.展开更多
Availability of inventory is a crucial issue while adopting a consignment strategy.The issue becomes paramount when demand depends on stock.To address the issue,a one-vendor one-buyer model under consignment stock(CS)...Availability of inventory is a crucial issue while adopting a consignment strategy.The issue becomes paramount when demand depends on stock.To address the issue,a one-vendor one-buyer model under consignment stock(CS)policy is addressed in this paper.Both the channel members are assumed to have space limitations in their respective warehouses.The display area for the buyer is also limited.The buyer receives the product from the vendor under consignment stock policy,and transfers it in small batches to the display area.The market demand is affected by the price,freshness and on-hand stock level.Price is assumed to be dynamic in order to accurately depict real-world scenarios and to exhibit its important role in driving demand and influencing other decision-making factors.This study derives the optimal decisions to maximize the total profit of the supply chain system.Numerical experiments illustrate the optimal strategies such as production rate,shipment sizes,warehouse space limit,and number of shipments.Managerial insights are provided to establish the applicability of the model.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.70901029, 71171088,71131004 and 71002077the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities under Grant No. 65010771
文摘This paper studies the consignment contract with revenue sharing where the retailer offers two revenue share schemes between himself and his supplier from the viewpoint of inventory ownership: One is that the retailer takes charge of the unsold items,the other one is that the retailer returns the unsold items to the supplier at the end of the selling period,and the supplier disposes those overstockings.In each contract,the retailer deducts a percentage from the selling price for each sold item and transfers the balance to the supplier.The supplier solves a two-stage problem:She first chooses contract,then decides retail price and delivery quantity according to the terms of the contract chosen.With an iso-price-elastic demand model,the authors derive the retailer and suppliers’ optimal decisions for both schemes.In addition,the authors characterize how they are affected by disposing cost.The authors compare the decisions between the two schemes for disposing cost turn out to be holding cost or salvage value,respectively.The authors use numerical examples to show the supplier’s first-stage optimal decision depends critically on demand price elasticity,the disposing cost and the retailer’s share for channel cost.
基金the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71831007the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.72071085,No.71671133 and No.72711178Huazhong University of Science and Technology Double First-Class Funds for Humanities and Social Sciences under Grant No.2021WKFZZX008.
文摘Sales promotion is getting more and more prosperous in Chinese cross-border e-commerce platforms where the demand is uncertain.However,most existing literature on promotion strategies is focusing on deterministic demand.In this paper,we propose a game-theoretical model under multiplicative stochastic demand to investigate the pricing,inventory quantity and sales promotion strategies for a supply chain which is consisted of one cross-border distributor and one capital-constrained retailer under a consignment contract.We obtain the equilibrium outcomes under stochastic demand,and find that the optimal price and promotion investment depend on demand uncertainty under endogenous inventory decisions.With exogenous unlimited inventory,the retailer prefers owing promotion right when the elasticity of price and promotion is small enough and its capital is sufficient,while the distributor always prefers to control sales promotion.With endogenous inventory quantity,the sensitivity of demand to price is influence by the demand uncertainty.The retailer prefers to decide the promotion when the price-elasticity is small,while the distributor prefers to decide the promotion under large promotion-elasticity.And the intensity of optimal sales promotion made by retailers may be stronger than that when the distributor owns the promotion right,which depends on the elasticity of price and promotion.More importantly,it is always better for consumers when the distributor reserves the promotion right as a lower optimal retailing price is offered.
文摘Even with attractive computational advantages,mobile agent technology has not developed its full potential due to various security issues.This paper proposes a method called Private Key Consignment to solve the problem of how to protect the data carried by mobile agents.It exploits new functionalities and mechanism provided by the trusted computing technology,and adopts both public key and symmetric key cryptographic means for data and key protection.The most notable feature of this method is that it protects the private key of the agent by consigning it to a tamper proof hardware,thus,enabling convenient and secure use of the private key.It provides a new scheme of mobile agents'data protection.
文摘Availability of inventory is a crucial issue while adopting a consignment strategy.The issue becomes paramount when demand depends on stock.To address the issue,a one-vendor one-buyer model under consignment stock(CS)policy is addressed in this paper.Both the channel members are assumed to have space limitations in their respective warehouses.The display area for the buyer is also limited.The buyer receives the product from the vendor under consignment stock policy,and transfers it in small batches to the display area.The market demand is affected by the price,freshness and on-hand stock level.Price is assumed to be dynamic in order to accurately depict real-world scenarios and to exhibit its important role in driving demand and influencing other decision-making factors.This study derives the optimal decisions to maximize the total profit of the supply chain system.Numerical experiments illustrate the optimal strategies such as production rate,shipment sizes,warehouse space limit,and number of shipments.Managerial insights are provided to establish the applicability of the model.
