Dear Editor,Artemisinin and its derivatives(AIDs)have recently been widely applied in cancer therapy as promising therapeutic agents owing to its hypotoxicity and special bioactivation pathways.Though numerous strateg...Dear Editor,Artemisinin and its derivatives(AIDs)have recently been widely applied in cancer therapy as promising therapeutic agents owing to its hypotoxicity and special bioactivation pathways.Though numerous strategies have been established to improve the potency of AIDs,they are still relatively inefficacious against cancers,especially as a monotherapy.^(1)It is thus essential to develop novel approaches to considerably enhance their anticancer efficacy.We hypothesized that aptamers with specific recognition,high-affinity binding,and receptor-mediated internalization would promote the accumulation of AIDs inside the target cells and lead to death of the target cancer cells.^(2)展开更多
SBR In early May 2008,due to rapid ex-work price rise of SBR in major domestic producer,the price of SBR(styrene-butadiene rubber)was up quickly.In late May,the price of SBR continued to increase considerably in respo...SBR In early May 2008,due to rapid ex-work price rise of SBR in major domestic producer,the price of SBR(styrene-butadiene rubber)was up quickly.In late May,the price of SBR continued to increase considerably in response to the tense supply caused by the overhaul of SBR unit in CNPC Jilin Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.on May 10th.As of May 22nd,China’s prices of SBR hit the historical high,and reached RMB21 800-22 200 and RMB22900-23 500/t for oil-extended SBR and rosin SBR respectively.CNPC Jilin Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.展开更多
Neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial element in several neurological disorders. Glial cells play a critical role in directing neuroinflammation, both in deleterious and beneficial ways.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death,requiring innovative approaches for prevention,diagnosis,and treatment.Personalized medicine customizes interventions according to individual characteristics,with...Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death,requiring innovative approaches for prevention,diagnosis,and treatment.Personalized medicine customizes interventions according to individual characteristics,with artificial intelligence(AI)playing a key role in analyzing complex data to improve diagnostic accuracy,predict outcomes,and optimize therapies.AI can identify patterns in imaging and biomarkers,facilitating the earlier detection of medical conditions.Wearable devices and health applications facilitate continuous monitoring and personalized care.Emerging fields such as digital Chinese medicine offer additional perspectives by integrating traditional diagnostic principles with modern digital tools,contributing to holistic and individualized cardiovascular care.This study examines the advancements and challenges in personalized cardiovascular medicine,highlighting the need to address issues such as data privacy,algorithmic bias,and accessibility to promote the equitable application of personalized medicine.展开更多
This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasize...This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasizes the balance between innovation and evidence-based medicine,highlighting the critical role of case reports in disseminating clinical experiences and advancing medical knowledge.The discussion delves into the ethical framework guiding case reporting,including principles of patient autonomy,informed consent,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice,and transparency.Challenges such as negative outcome reporting,commercial interests,and the balance between innovation and caution are examined.Recommendations for ethical vigilance,the development of comprehensive guidelines,and the role of regulatory bodies are proposed to ensure patient safety and uphold scientific integrity.The article concludes by underscoring the importance of a collaborative effort among clinicians,researchers,ethicists,and regulatory bodies to foster the responsible advancement of medical science while adhering to the highest ethical standards.展开更多
Dealing with data scarcity is the biggest challenge faced by Artificial Intelligence(AI),and it will be interesting to see how we overcome this obstacle in the future,but for now,“THE SHOW MUST GO ON!!!”As AI spread...Dealing with data scarcity is the biggest challenge faced by Artificial Intelligence(AI),and it will be interesting to see how we overcome this obstacle in the future,but for now,“THE SHOW MUST GO ON!!!”As AI spreads and transforms more industries,the lack of data is a significant obstacle:the best methods for teaching machines how real-world processes work.This paper explores the considerable implications of data scarcity for the AI industry,which threatens to restrict its growth and potential,and proposes plausible solutions and perspectives.In addition,this article focuses highly on different ethical considerations:privacy,consent,and non-discrimination principles during AI model developments under limited conditions.Besides,innovative technologies are investigated through the paper in aspects that need implementation by incorporating transfer learning,few-shot learning,and data augmentation to adapt models so they could fit effective use processes in low-resource settings.This thus emphasizes the need for collaborative frameworks and sound methodologies that ensure applicability and fairness,tackling the technical and ethical challenges associated with data scarcity in AI.This article also discusses prospective approaches to dealing with data scarcity,emphasizing the blend of synthetic data and traditional models and the use of advanced machine learning techniques such as transfer learning and few-shot learning.These techniques aim to enhance the flexibility and effectiveness of AI systems across various industries while ensuring sustainable AI technology development amid ongoing data scarcity.展开更多
Objective To provide a theoretical basis for the adjustment of the registration classification of China’s biological products,and to establish a continuously improved registration classification system.Methods Based ...Objective To provide a theoretical basis for the adjustment of the registration classification of China’s biological products,and to establish a continuously improved registration classification system.Methods Based on literature research,the specific classification methods,classification principles and considerations of biological registration in China,the United States and the European Union were studied to form a complete comparative analysis.Results and Conclusion It is recommended that the division between therapeutic and preventive use should be removed from the registration classification of biologics.The therapeutic,preventive and diagnostic use of the product should be limited as part of the product specification,and the registration should be classified according to the development of biotechnology,innovation,modification and bio-similar drugs.In addition,the supervision of registration of advanced therapeutic products should be different from that of traditional biologics.展开更多
In the past year,several advancements have been achieved in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),particularly in the areas of immunotherapy and targeted therapy.These achievements have provided ...In the past year,several advancements have been achieved in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),particularly in the areas of immunotherapy and targeted therapy.These achievements have provided additional options for improving patient outcomes.The 2024 Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines for NSCLC(CSCO NSCLC),a key reference for clinical oncologists in China,have incorporated current global research and adapted recommendations for applicability in real-world scenarios in China.This update covers not only patient selection,efficacy,and safety,but also considers economics,and accessibility,with an aim to provide more precise and comprehensive treatment guidance for Chinese oncologists.展开更多
On 17 October 2024,the American Geophysical Union(AGU)in Washington,DC,USA,released the Ethical Framework Principles for Climate Intervention Research[1],a set of guidelines designed to help scientists,funders,policym...On 17 October 2024,the American Geophysical Union(AGU)in Washington,DC,USA,released the Ethical Framework Principles for Climate Intervention Research[1],a set of guidelines designed to help scientists,funders,policymakers,and private entities research and govern geoengineering technologies as ethically as possible.Commissioned in 2022 by the AGU Board of Directors and produced with internal funding only,the document advocates that geoengineering research projects fully consider all possible risks and benefits-environmental,sociocultural,and geopolitical-and include input from any groups such projects might impact.展开更多
Currently,generative AI technologies and services worldwide are experiencing explosive growth.While driving technological innovation and productivity advancement in the social economy,they also precipitate multiple le...Currently,generative AI technologies and services worldwide are experiencing explosive growth.While driving technological innovation and productivity advancement in the social economy,they also precipitate multiple le-gal risks,ethical breaches in technology,and social governance challenges.Distinct regulatory pathways have emerged internationally:the EU promotes a rigid governance system through a unified regulatory framework and centralized oversight mechanisms,though concurrently exhibiting a trend of deferred legal application;the United States adopts an advocacy-based regulatory strategy combining principled guidance with corporate self-compliance;the United King-dom implements a non-mandatory principled framework establishing a compromise-based governance model.Grounded in China's strategic imperative to engage in global AI competition and informed by international experi-ences,the legal governance framework for generative AI must incorporate practical legislative imperatives,anchored in the dynamic adaptation between technological iteration and legal regulation,alongside the recalibration of developmen-tal efficacy against security risks.This necessitates establishing tiered safety thresholds and controllability require-ments within the governance architecture.Accordingly,there is an urgent need to enhance institutional provision and policy coordination,construct a multi-stakeholder long-term mechanism integrating administrative supervision,indus-try self-regulation,and technical governance,and formulate scenario-specific liability rules covering the entire life cycle from R&D to deployment-thereby avoiding arbitrary legislative uniformity.The ultimate objective is to forge a comprehensive governance ecosystem characterized by trustworthiness and security as its foundation,and prudence,in-clusiveness,and dynamic adaptability as its defining features.展开更多
The nutritional management of patients with esophageal cancer(EC)presents significant complexities,with traditional approaches facing inherent limitations in data collection,real-time decision-making,and personalized ...The nutritional management of patients with esophageal cancer(EC)presents significant complexities,with traditional approaches facing inherent limitations in data collection,real-time decision-making,and personalized care.This narrative review explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML),particularly deep learning(DL)and reinforcement learning(RL),in revolutionizing nutritional support for this vulnerable patient population.DL has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in enhancing the accuracy and objectivity of nutritional assessment through precise,automated body composition analysis from medical imaging,offering valuable prognostic insights.Concurrently,RL enables the dynamic optimization of nutritional interventions,adapting them in real time to individual patient responses,paving the way for truly personalized care paradigms.Although AI/ML offers potential advantages in efficiency,precision,and personalization by integrating multidimensional data for superior clinical decision support,its widespread adoption is accompanied by critical challenges.These include safeguarding data privacy and security,mitigating algorithmic bias,ensuring transparency and accountability,and establishing rigorous clinical validation.Early evidence suggests the feasibility of applying AI/ML in nutritional risk stratification and workflow optimization,but highquality prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the direct impact on clinical outcomes,including complications,readmissions,and survival.Overcoming these hurdles necessitates robust ethical governance,interdisciplinary collaboration,and continuous education.Ultimately,the strategic integration of AI/ML holds immense promise to profoundly improve patient outcomes,enhance quality of life,and optimize health care resource utilization in the nutritional management of esophageal cancer.展开更多
In accordance with the Guiding Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),the China Associa...In accordance with the Guiding Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)organized multidisciplinary symposia on TCM-dominant diseases with the aim of advancing research on clinically dominant diseases in TCM,supporting specialty development,cultivating clinical talent,developing strategic plans for national science,and fostering academic innovation.The 42nd Academic Salon on Clinically Dominant Diseases,which was convened in Shanghai on 24 November 2024,brought together TCM experts,Western medicine experts,and interdisciplinary researchers for in-depth discussions on the current status,strengths,and limitations of and strategies to improve the integrated diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis(PCM).While consensus had been reached on recommendations for TCM and integrated approaches,detailed research pathways remain to be developed.In this work,we systematically examine the pathogenesis of and clinical management challenges related to PCM.Building on the therapeutic strengths of TCM,we propose 5 prioritized research domains with corresponding scientific planning:(1)Early identification and intervention strategies for PCM;(2)Optimization of TCM syndrome differentiation systems for PCM;(3)Standardization of efficient evaluation metrics for PCM therapies;(4)Mechanistic studies on the pathogenesis of PCM and TCM therapeutic targets;(5)Prevention protocols and complication management frameworks for PCM.We further delineate recommended research directions,anticipated outcomes,value propositions,and funding priorities.The aim of this research model,which was derived from the PCM-focused academic salon series,is to advance the development of high-quality TCM practices by informing national scientific planning,innovative drug development,research priorities,and the formulation of clinical guidelines.展开更多
This study provides empirical evidence on the link between economic growth and nutrition transition in two emerging economies, China and Russia. Both countries have experienced rising average incomes, accompanied by a...This study provides empirical evidence on the link between economic growth and nutrition transition in two emerging economies, China and Russia. Both countries have experienced rising average incomes, accompanied by an increasing rate of nutrition-related chronic diseases in recent years. Given the regional heterogeneity between these two countries, we analyze the extent to which income growth as a major driver of nutrition transition has a significant effect on the consumption of different food aggregates and how these effects differ between Chinese and Russian consumers. Our results indicate that with increasing household incomes over time the demand for carbohydrates decreases, while the demand for meat and dairy products, as well as fruits increases. This is a development generally known as nutrition transition. Further, we estimate a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System（QUAIDS） for nine different food aggregates for China and Russia. Our results indicate that in both countries all food aggregates have positive expenditure elasticities and are thus normal goods. Moreover, our results indicate that in 2008/2009 meat is still a luxury good in China yet a necessity good in Russia. For 2009, the highest own-price elasticities in China are found for non-meat protein sources and dairy products. Within the meat group, beef, poultry and mutton have the highest price elasticities in China. In Russia, the milk and dairy group, together with the vegetable group, is the most price-elastic food group in 2008. In line with the definition of a nutrition transition, our overall results underscore the finding that income growth in China and Russia tends to increase the demand for animal-based products much stronger than, for example, the demand for carbohydrates. Despite being a positive signal for problems of malnutrition in rural China, this trend of increasing meat consumption might further increase the incidence of chronic diseases in urban areas since there is convincing scientific evidence that increasing meat consumption, especially red and processed meat, is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases.展开更多
The distribution of low skin impedance points(LSIP)was studied on 68 subjects with a computersystem designed for the measurement of skin impedance.The results demonstrated that LSIPswere basically distributed along th...The distribution of low skin impedance points(LSIP)was studied on 68 subjects with a computersystem designed for the measurement of skin impedance.The results demonstrated that LSIPswere basically distributed along the 14 channels,the overwhelming majority located right on orwithin 5 mm bilaterally to their courses.LSIPs were found in the area between every two chan-nels only in a few cases.Moreover,there was no marked natural fluctuation of skin impedance inthe human body and the distribution of LSIPs was considerably stable,which could be plotted onany day in the experiment.It is clear that such particular distribution of LSIPs along channelswas really a biological phenomenon,not an experimental error.However,the distribution of lowskin impedance was not an uninterrupted solid line but a series of LSIPs basically along thechannel course.The method used in this work was accurate,reliable and repeatable which hasupgraded the measurement of LSIPs to a new level.Under certain conditions,skin impedancecan be used as an objective index in channel research.展开更多
Obligate brood parasitism,which refers to parasitic birds,fish,and insects that lay eggs in host nests,imposes strong selective pressure on hosts because the reproductive output of hosts is reduced considerably or eli...Obligate brood parasitism,which refers to parasitic birds,fish,and insects that lay eggs in host nests,imposes strong selective pressure on hosts because the reproductive output of hosts is reduced considerably or eliminated completely while the foster parents provide extra-parental care to unrelated nestlings(Soler 2016).After parasites succeed in laying eggs,egg rejection by hosts plays an important role in avoiding parasitism by recognition and rejection of parasite eggs from host nests(Yang et al.2014).展开更多
New variola(NV)-mpox(monkeypox)-is a zoonosis caused by the mpox virus,which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae.This disease,in the present year(2022),has caused several cases and deaths aroun...New variola(NV)-mpox(monkeypox)-is a zoonosis caused by the mpox virus,which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae.This disease,in the present year(2022),has caused several cases and deaths around the world,including Brazil[1].The group of poxviruses,in which the species that causes NV is included,consists of agents widely distributed in nature.Due to their considerably large size,they were among the first viruses to be microscopically visualized.The Poxviridae family is capable of infecting epithelial and connective tissue cells.Currently,such a viral family is classified as a genome lineage composed of doublestranded DNA,completely independent of the host nucleus[1].展开更多
Physical activity(PA)significantly reduces the risk of viral infections1,2 and levels of anxiety.3,4 In addition to its shortterm benefits,regular PA lowers one’s risk of suffering from chronic health conditions(e.g....Physical activity(PA)significantly reduces the risk of viral infections1,2 and levels of anxiety.3,4 In addition to its shortterm benefits,regular PA lowers one’s risk of suffering from chronic health conditions(e.g.,diabetes,coronary heart disease,and hypertension),which are cited as the most frequent comorbidities in recent studies of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).5 Because of the COVID-19 pandemic that has become a global problem,many will face the necessity of requiring hundreds of millions of people to volitionally selfconfine themselves in their own homes,or even be“locked down”in a quarantined community.Confinement affects most aspects of human physiology considerably.展开更多
For underwater drag reduction, one promising idea is to form a continuous gas or discrete bubbly layer at the submerged surface. Owing to the lower viscosity of gas than of water, this could considerably reduce underw...For underwater drag reduction, one promising idea is to form a continuous gas or discrete bubbly layer at the submerged surface. Owing to the lower viscosity of gas than of water, this could considerably reduce underwater drag by achieving slippage at the liquid–gas interface. This paper presents an experimental investigation on underwater drag reduction using partial cavitation. Dense hydrophobic micro-grooved structures sustain gas in the valleys, which can be considered as defects that weaken the strength of the water body. Therefore, partial cavities are easily formed at lower flow speeds, and the dense cavities connect to form a lubricating gas layer at the solid–liquid interface. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves drag reduction without any additional energy or gas-providing devices, which should stimulate the development of underwater vehicles.展开更多
The HY-2 satellite is China’s first ocean dynamic environmental satellite for all-weather,all-time space observation of the nation’s offshore and global sea surface wind field,sea surface height,significant wave hei...The HY-2 satellite is China’s first ocean dynamic environmental satellite for all-weather,all-time space observation of the nation’s offshore and global sea surface wind field,sea surface height,significant wave height and sea surface temperature.The HY-2 satellite project was approved by China National Space Administration(CNSA)and the Ministry of Finance of China in January 2007.China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation(CASC)subsid-展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project of China(2018YFA0902300)NSFC grants(81602499,21827811,91753109)Hu-Xiang Young Talent Program from Hunan Province(2019RS2022).
文摘Dear Editor,Artemisinin and its derivatives(AIDs)have recently been widely applied in cancer therapy as promising therapeutic agents owing to its hypotoxicity and special bioactivation pathways.Though numerous strategies have been established to improve the potency of AIDs,they are still relatively inefficacious against cancers,especially as a monotherapy.^(1)It is thus essential to develop novel approaches to considerably enhance their anticancer efficacy.We hypothesized that aptamers with specific recognition,high-affinity binding,and receptor-mediated internalization would promote the accumulation of AIDs inside the target cells and lead to death of the target cancer cells.^(2)
文摘SBR In early May 2008,due to rapid ex-work price rise of SBR in major domestic producer,the price of SBR(styrene-butadiene rubber)was up quickly.In late May,the price of SBR continued to increase considerably in response to the tense supply caused by the overhaul of SBR unit in CNPC Jilin Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.on May 10th.As of May 22nd,China’s prices of SBR hit the historical high,and reached RMB21 800-22 200 and RMB22900-23 500/t for oil-extended SBR and rosin SBR respectively.CNPC Jilin Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.
基金supported by a grant from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF),which is funded by the Korean government(MSIP)(NRF-2020M3E5D9079764)(to KS)。
文摘Neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial element in several neurological disorders. Glial cells play a critical role in directing neuroinflammation, both in deleterious and beneficial ways.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death,requiring innovative approaches for prevention,diagnosis,and treatment.Personalized medicine customizes interventions according to individual characteristics,with artificial intelligence(AI)playing a key role in analyzing complex data to improve diagnostic accuracy,predict outcomes,and optimize therapies.AI can identify patterns in imaging and biomarkers,facilitating the earlier detection of medical conditions.Wearable devices and health applications facilitate continuous monitoring and personalized care.Emerging fields such as digital Chinese medicine offer additional perspectives by integrating traditional diagnostic principles with modern digital tools,contributing to holistic and individualized cardiovascular care.This study examines the advancements and challenges in personalized cardiovascular medicine,highlighting the need to address issues such as data privacy,algorithmic bias,and accessibility to promote the equitable application of personalized medicine.
文摘This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasizes the balance between innovation and evidence-based medicine,highlighting the critical role of case reports in disseminating clinical experiences and advancing medical knowledge.The discussion delves into the ethical framework guiding case reporting,including principles of patient autonomy,informed consent,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice,and transparency.Challenges such as negative outcome reporting,commercial interests,and the balance between innovation and caution are examined.Recommendations for ethical vigilance,the development of comprehensive guidelines,and the role of regulatory bodies are proposed to ensure patient safety and uphold scientific integrity.The article concludes by underscoring the importance of a collaborative effort among clinicians,researchers,ethicists,and regulatory bodies to foster the responsible advancement of medical science while adhering to the highest ethical standards.
基金supported by Internal Research Support Program(IRSPG202202).
文摘Dealing with data scarcity is the biggest challenge faced by Artificial Intelligence(AI),and it will be interesting to see how we overcome this obstacle in the future,but for now,“THE SHOW MUST GO ON!!!”As AI spreads and transforms more industries,the lack of data is a significant obstacle:the best methods for teaching machines how real-world processes work.This paper explores the considerable implications of data scarcity for the AI industry,which threatens to restrict its growth and potential,and proposes plausible solutions and perspectives.In addition,this article focuses highly on different ethical considerations:privacy,consent,and non-discrimination principles during AI model developments under limited conditions.Besides,innovative technologies are investigated through the paper in aspects that need implementation by incorporating transfer learning,few-shot learning,and data augmentation to adapt models so they could fit effective use processes in low-resource settings.This thus emphasizes the need for collaborative frameworks and sound methodologies that ensure applicability and fairness,tackling the technical and ethical challenges associated with data scarcity in AI.This article also discusses prospective approaches to dealing with data scarcity,emphasizing the blend of synthetic data and traditional models and the use of advanced machine learning techniques such as transfer learning and few-shot learning.These techniques aim to enhance the flexibility and effectiveness of AI systems across various industries while ensuring sustainable AI technology development amid ongoing data scarcity.
文摘Objective To provide a theoretical basis for the adjustment of the registration classification of China’s biological products,and to establish a continuously improved registration classification system.Methods Based on literature research,the specific classification methods,classification principles and considerations of biological registration in China,the United States and the European Union were studied to form a complete comparative analysis.Results and Conclusion It is recommended that the division between therapeutic and preventive use should be removed from the registration classification of biologics.The therapeutic,preventive and diagnostic use of the product should be limited as part of the product specification,and the registration should be classified according to the development of biotechnology,innovation,modification and bio-similar drugs.In addition,the supervision of registration of advanced therapeutic products should be different from that of traditional biologics.
基金supported by the Shanghai Excellent Academic Leader(Grant No.21XD1423200)。
文摘In the past year,several advancements have been achieved in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),particularly in the areas of immunotherapy and targeted therapy.These achievements have provided additional options for improving patient outcomes.The 2024 Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Guidelines for NSCLC(CSCO NSCLC),a key reference for clinical oncologists in China,have incorporated current global research and adapted recommendations for applicability in real-world scenarios in China.This update covers not only patient selection,efficacy,and safety,but also considers economics,and accessibility,with an aim to provide more precise and comprehensive treatment guidance for Chinese oncologists.
文摘On 17 October 2024,the American Geophysical Union(AGU)in Washington,DC,USA,released the Ethical Framework Principles for Climate Intervention Research[1],a set of guidelines designed to help scientists,funders,policymakers,and private entities research and govern geoengineering technologies as ethically as possible.Commissioned in 2022 by the AGU Board of Directors and produced with internal funding only,the document advocates that geoengineering research projects fully consider all possible risks and benefits-environmental,sociocultural,and geopolitical-and include input from any groups such projects might impact.
基金This Research Was Funded by the Key Project of Humanities and Social Science Study from the Ministry of Education"Research on the Consideration and Promotion of Human Rights Benchmarks in Global Data Competition"(19JJD820009)。
文摘Currently,generative AI technologies and services worldwide are experiencing explosive growth.While driving technological innovation and productivity advancement in the social economy,they also precipitate multiple le-gal risks,ethical breaches in technology,and social governance challenges.Distinct regulatory pathways have emerged internationally:the EU promotes a rigid governance system through a unified regulatory framework and centralized oversight mechanisms,though concurrently exhibiting a trend of deferred legal application;the United States adopts an advocacy-based regulatory strategy combining principled guidance with corporate self-compliance;the United King-dom implements a non-mandatory principled framework establishing a compromise-based governance model.Grounded in China's strategic imperative to engage in global AI competition and informed by international experi-ences,the legal governance framework for generative AI must incorporate practical legislative imperatives,anchored in the dynamic adaptation between technological iteration and legal regulation,alongside the recalibration of developmen-tal efficacy against security risks.This necessitates establishing tiered safety thresholds and controllability require-ments within the governance architecture.Accordingly,there is an urgent need to enhance institutional provision and policy coordination,construct a multi-stakeholder long-term mechanism integrating administrative supervision,indus-try self-regulation,and technical governance,and formulate scenario-specific liability rules covering the entire life cycle from R&D to deployment-thereby avoiding arbitrary legislative uniformity.The ultimate objective is to forge a comprehensive governance ecosystem characterized by trustworthiness and security as its foundation,and prudence,in-clusiveness,and dynamic adaptability as its defining features.
文摘The nutritional management of patients with esophageal cancer(EC)presents significant complexities,with traditional approaches facing inherent limitations in data collection,real-time decision-making,and personalized care.This narrative review explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML),particularly deep learning(DL)and reinforcement learning(RL),in revolutionizing nutritional support for this vulnerable patient population.DL has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in enhancing the accuracy and objectivity of nutritional assessment through precise,automated body composition analysis from medical imaging,offering valuable prognostic insights.Concurrently,RL enables the dynamic optimization of nutritional interventions,adapting them in real time to individual patient responses,paving the way for truly personalized care paradigms.Although AI/ML offers potential advantages in efficiency,precision,and personalization by integrating multidimensional data for superior clinical decision support,its widespread adoption is accompanied by critical challenges.These include safeguarding data privacy and security,mitigating algorithmic bias,ensuring transparency and accountability,and establishing rigorous clinical validation.Early evidence suggests the feasibility of applying AI/ML in nutritional risk stratification and workflow optimization,but highquality prospective studies are needed to demonstrate the direct impact on clinical outcomes,including complications,readmissions,and survival.Overcoming these hurdles necessitates robust ethical governance,interdisciplinary collaboration,and continuous education.Ultimately,the strategic integration of AI/ML holds immense promise to profoundly improve patient outcomes,enhance quality of life,and optimize health care resource utilization in the nutritional management of esophageal cancer.
基金supported by the 2024 Youth Academic Salon Project on Clinically Dominant Diseases by the Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2024-QNXSSL-06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104854)+2 种基金the Shanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talents”Youth Development Program that Youth Medical Talents Specialist Program(2023-33)the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center’s Second Three-Year Action Plan for Promoting Clinical Skills and Innovation in Municipal Hospitals(2020–2022)that Major Clinical Research Project(No.SHDC2020CR2051B)the Major Difficult and Complicated Diseases Collaborative Project of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Plasma Cell Mastitis(No.19).
文摘In accordance with the Guiding Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)organized multidisciplinary symposia on TCM-dominant diseases with the aim of advancing research on clinically dominant diseases in TCM,supporting specialty development,cultivating clinical talent,developing strategic plans for national science,and fostering academic innovation.The 42nd Academic Salon on Clinically Dominant Diseases,which was convened in Shanghai on 24 November 2024,brought together TCM experts,Western medicine experts,and interdisciplinary researchers for in-depth discussions on the current status,strengths,and limitations of and strategies to improve the integrated diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis(PCM).While consensus had been reached on recommendations for TCM and integrated approaches,detailed research pathways remain to be developed.In this work,we systematically examine the pathogenesis of and clinical management challenges related to PCM.Building on the therapeutic strengths of TCM,we propose 5 prioritized research domains with corresponding scientific planning:(1)Early identification and intervention strategies for PCM;(2)Optimization of TCM syndrome differentiation systems for PCM;(3)Standardization of efficient evaluation metrics for PCM therapies;(4)Mechanistic studies on the pathogenesis of PCM and TCM therapeutic targets;(5)Prevention protocols and complication management frameworks for PCM.We further delineate recommended research directions,anticipated outcomes,value propositions,and funding priorities.The aim of this research model,which was derived from the PCM-focused academic salon series,is to advance the development of high-quality TCM practices by informing national scientific planning,innovative drug development,research priorities,and the formulation of clinical guidelines.
文摘This study provides empirical evidence on the link between economic growth and nutrition transition in two emerging economies, China and Russia. Both countries have experienced rising average incomes, accompanied by an increasing rate of nutrition-related chronic diseases in recent years. Given the regional heterogeneity between these two countries, we analyze the extent to which income growth as a major driver of nutrition transition has a significant effect on the consumption of different food aggregates and how these effects differ between Chinese and Russian consumers. Our results indicate that with increasing household incomes over time the demand for carbohydrates decreases, while the demand for meat and dairy products, as well as fruits increases. This is a development generally known as nutrition transition. Further, we estimate a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System（QUAIDS） for nine different food aggregates for China and Russia. Our results indicate that in both countries all food aggregates have positive expenditure elasticities and are thus normal goods. Moreover, our results indicate that in 2008/2009 meat is still a luxury good in China yet a necessity good in Russia. For 2009, the highest own-price elasticities in China are found for non-meat protein sources and dairy products. Within the meat group, beef, poultry and mutton have the highest price elasticities in China. In Russia, the milk and dairy group, together with the vegetable group, is the most price-elastic food group in 2008. In line with the definition of a nutrition transition, our overall results underscore the finding that income growth in China and Russia tends to increase the demand for animal-based products much stronger than, for example, the demand for carbohydrates. Despite being a positive signal for problems of malnutrition in rural China, this trend of increasing meat consumption might further increase the incidence of chronic diseases in urban areas since there is convincing scientific evidence that increasing meat consumption, especially red and processed meat, is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases.
文摘The distribution of low skin impedance points(LSIP)was studied on 68 subjects with a computersystem designed for the measurement of skin impedance.The results demonstrated that LSIPswere basically distributed along the 14 channels,the overwhelming majority located right on orwithin 5 mm bilaterally to their courses.LSIPs were found in the area between every two chan-nels only in a few cases.Moreover,there was no marked natural fluctuation of skin impedance inthe human body and the distribution of LSIPs was considerably stable,which could be plotted onany day in the experiment.It is clear that such particular distribution of LSIPs along channelswas really a biological phenomenon,not an experimental error.However,the distribution of lowskin impedance was not an uninterrupted solid line but a series of LSIPs basically along thechannel course.The method used in this work was accurate,reliable and repeatable which hasupgraded the measurement of LSIPs to a new level.Under certain conditions,skin impedancecan be used as an objective index in channel research.
基金Financial support has been provided by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(320CXTD437 to C.Y.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31672303 to CY,and 31772453 and 31970427 to W.L.).
文摘Obligate brood parasitism,which refers to parasitic birds,fish,and insects that lay eggs in host nests,imposes strong selective pressure on hosts because the reproductive output of hosts is reduced considerably or eliminated completely while the foster parents provide extra-parental care to unrelated nestlings(Soler 2016).After parasites succeed in laying eggs,egg rejection by hosts plays an important role in avoiding parasitism by recognition and rejection of parasite eggs from host nests(Yang et al.2014).
文摘New variola(NV)-mpox(monkeypox)-is a zoonosis caused by the mpox virus,which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae.This disease,in the present year(2022),has caused several cases and deaths around the world,including Brazil[1].The group of poxviruses,in which the species that causes NV is included,consists of agents widely distributed in nature.Due to their considerably large size,they were among the first viruses to be microscopically visualized.The Poxviridae family is capable of infecting epithelial and connective tissue cells.Currently,such a viral family is classified as a genome lineage composed of doublestranded DNA,completely independent of the host nucleus[1].
文摘Physical activity(PA)significantly reduces the risk of viral infections1,2 and levels of anxiety.3,4 In addition to its shortterm benefits,regular PA lowers one’s risk of suffering from chronic health conditions(e.g.,diabetes,coronary heart disease,and hypertension),which are cited as the most frequent comorbidities in recent studies of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).5 Because of the COVID-19 pandemic that has become a global problem,many will face the necessity of requiring hundreds of millions of people to volitionally selfconfine themselves in their own homes,or even be“locked down”in a quarantined community.Confinement affects most aspects of human physiology considerably.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51105223,51075228,and 51605450)the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology of China(Grant No.SKLTKF15A02)
文摘For underwater drag reduction, one promising idea is to form a continuous gas or discrete bubbly layer at the submerged surface. Owing to the lower viscosity of gas than of water, this could considerably reduce underwater drag by achieving slippage at the liquid–gas interface. This paper presents an experimental investigation on underwater drag reduction using partial cavitation. Dense hydrophobic micro-grooved structures sustain gas in the valleys, which can be considered as defects that weaken the strength of the water body. Therefore, partial cavities are easily formed at lower flow speeds, and the dense cavities connect to form a lubricating gas layer at the solid–liquid interface. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves drag reduction without any additional energy or gas-providing devices, which should stimulate the development of underwater vehicles.
文摘The HY-2 satellite is China’s first ocean dynamic environmental satellite for all-weather,all-time space observation of the nation’s offshore and global sea surface wind field,sea surface height,significant wave height and sea surface temperature.The HY-2 satellite project was approved by China National Space Administration(CNSA)and the Ministry of Finance of China in January 2007.China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation(CASC)subsid-
