China boasts over 10,000 native useful vascular plants(NUVPs),spanning eight families and serving twelve dis-tinct uses.Given the importance of NUVPs,widely-confirmed in-situ conservation policies,such as establishing...China boasts over 10,000 native useful vascular plants(NUVPs),spanning eight families and serving twelve dis-tinct uses.Given the importance of NUVPs,widely-confirmed in-situ conservation policies,such as establishing nature reserves,have been broadly implemented to protect them.However,the effectiveness of in-situ conser-vation efforts for NUVPs in China remains uncertain.Highlighting the importance of multi-family and multi-use plants,this research identified the spatial distribution pattern and diversity hotspots of NUVPs,evaluated the in-situ conservation effectiveness and provided the future conservation priority scheme.The results revealed that the spatial concentration of NUVPs is predominantly in the southwestern lowlands of China(<3,000 m),peaking around 109°E and 25°N.Importantly,diversity hotspots exhibited a significant spatial mismatch(over 80%)with the National Nature Reserve(NNR)network.Only about 17.7%and 13.3%of these hotspots are protected by NNR initiatives for endemic and nonendemic species,respectively.Additionally,the proposed Plants Conserva-tion Effectiveness Index(PCEI)proved more representative in addressing the two main crises faced by the studied species-species loss and human pressure,and found a decline in conservation effectiveness as the number of uses increased.Finally,future conservation priorities based on the PCEI highlight the Nanling Mountains,Heng-duan Mountains,Jiuwandashan,and Qilian Mountains as highly prioritized regions requiring focused efforts to address the impacts of climate change.Conversely,in sparsely distributed regions experiencing increasing human pressure,it is imperative to mitigate the expanding human footprint.展开更多
Given the reality of climate-driven migration,the net effectiveness of existing spatially fixed protected areas(PAs)to biodiversity conservation is expected to decline,while the potential of non-PA habitats(non-PAs,i....Given the reality of climate-driven migration,the net effectiveness of existing spatially fixed protected areas(PAs)to biodiversity conservation is expected to decline,while the potential of non-PA habitats(non-PAs,i.e.,natural,altered,or artificial ecosystems that are not formally designated as PAs)for biodiversity conservation is gaining attention.However,the contribution of non-PAs to biodiversity conservation remains poorly understood.With the aim of comprehensively assessing the effectiveness of non-PAs as transient refugia and steppingstones during future climate-change-induced migration of species in China,a six-metric integrated framework was applied and statistics of these metrics for PAs and non-PAs are compared.Results reveal that,a greater area of non-PAs has a low velocity of climate change(VoCC)compared to that of PAs,and can therefore serve as temporary refugia for species.The disappearing climate index(DCI)and novel climate index(NCI)results show that some 17%of the subdivided climate classes within the PAs have changed.However,the displacement index(DI)results imply that nearly half(48.98%)of the PAs need non-PAs to provide transient refugia for climate-driven migration of species in PAs.The higher ratio of effective steppingstones measured using the climate corridor score(CCS)and landscape current flow(LCF)further emphasizes that non-PAs play a more significant role as steppingstones for climate driven migration than do PAs in terms of both their structural and functional connectivity.Our research further demonstrates that a conservation approach that improves connectivity among PAs and considers Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)is essential for long-term biodiversity adaptation to climate change.展开更多
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different dosages of three amendments—peat,superphosphate,mixture of Mg(OH)2+H3PO4(Magnesium Hydroxide and Phosphorus Acid)on N(Nitrogen)conservation.The s...The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different dosages of three amendments—peat,superphosphate,mixture of Mg(OH)2+H3PO4(Magnesium Hydroxide and Phosphorus Acid)on N(Nitrogen)conservation.The simulated composting experiment was carried out in a constant temperature water bath with pig manure and corn straw.The results showed that the ammonia volatilization could be inhibited to some extent under the treatments with fixing agents.Under the same simulated composting conditions,the nitrogen fixation effect of the three kinds of fixatives with the same proportion was as follows:Mg(OH)2+H3PO4>superphosphate>peat.The fixation effect of N increased with the increase of the additives.The N fixation rate of Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 treatment was up to 66%.Compared with the CK(Control Group),the amount of cumulative ammonia emission decreased by 90.3% and the TN(Total Nitrogen)content increased by 39.31% in this treatment.Compared with other two kinds of fixing agents,Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 treatment could not only control N loss in composting process,improve the N nutrient content of compost products,but also could increase P(Phosphorus)and Mg(Magnesium)nutrients.Therefore,it had more popularization value and application prospect.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42330205)the Open Fund of State Key Labora-tory of Remote Sensing Science and Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products(Grant No.OF202206).
文摘China boasts over 10,000 native useful vascular plants(NUVPs),spanning eight families and serving twelve dis-tinct uses.Given the importance of NUVPs,widely-confirmed in-situ conservation policies,such as establishing nature reserves,have been broadly implemented to protect them.However,the effectiveness of in-situ conser-vation efforts for NUVPs in China remains uncertain.Highlighting the importance of multi-family and multi-use plants,this research identified the spatial distribution pattern and diversity hotspots of NUVPs,evaluated the in-situ conservation effectiveness and provided the future conservation priority scheme.The results revealed that the spatial concentration of NUVPs is predominantly in the southwestern lowlands of China(<3,000 m),peaking around 109°E and 25°N.Importantly,diversity hotspots exhibited a significant spatial mismatch(over 80%)with the National Nature Reserve(NNR)network.Only about 17.7%and 13.3%of these hotspots are protected by NNR initiatives for endemic and nonendemic species,respectively.Additionally,the proposed Plants Conserva-tion Effectiveness Index(PCEI)proved more representative in addressing the two main crises faced by the studied species-species loss and human pressure,and found a decline in conservation effectiveness as the number of uses increased.Finally,future conservation priorities based on the PCEI highlight the Nanling Mountains,Heng-duan Mountains,Jiuwandashan,and Qilian Mountains as highly prioritized regions requiring focused efforts to address the impacts of climate change.Conversely,in sparsely distributed regions experiencing increasing human pressure,it is imperative to mitigate the expanding human footprint.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grants No.2022YFC3802604,2022YFF1303102)the Global Engagement for Strategic Partnership project of Nanjing University.
文摘Given the reality of climate-driven migration,the net effectiveness of existing spatially fixed protected areas(PAs)to biodiversity conservation is expected to decline,while the potential of non-PA habitats(non-PAs,i.e.,natural,altered,or artificial ecosystems that are not formally designated as PAs)for biodiversity conservation is gaining attention.However,the contribution of non-PAs to biodiversity conservation remains poorly understood.With the aim of comprehensively assessing the effectiveness of non-PAs as transient refugia and steppingstones during future climate-change-induced migration of species in China,a six-metric integrated framework was applied and statistics of these metrics for PAs and non-PAs are compared.Results reveal that,a greater area of non-PAs has a low velocity of climate change(VoCC)compared to that of PAs,and can therefore serve as temporary refugia for species.The disappearing climate index(DCI)and novel climate index(NCI)results show that some 17%of the subdivided climate classes within the PAs have changed.However,the displacement index(DI)results imply that nearly half(48.98%)of the PAs need non-PAs to provide transient refugia for climate-driven migration of species in PAs.The higher ratio of effective steppingstones measured using the climate corridor score(CCS)and landscape current flow(LCF)further emphasizes that non-PAs play a more significant role as steppingstones for climate driven migration than do PAs in terms of both their structural and functional connectivity.Our research further demonstrates that a conservation approach that improves connectivity among PAs and considers Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)is essential for long-term biodiversity adaptation to climate change.
文摘The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different dosages of three amendments—peat,superphosphate,mixture of Mg(OH)2+H3PO4(Magnesium Hydroxide and Phosphorus Acid)on N(Nitrogen)conservation.The simulated composting experiment was carried out in a constant temperature water bath with pig manure and corn straw.The results showed that the ammonia volatilization could be inhibited to some extent under the treatments with fixing agents.Under the same simulated composting conditions,the nitrogen fixation effect of the three kinds of fixatives with the same proportion was as follows:Mg(OH)2+H3PO4>superphosphate>peat.The fixation effect of N increased with the increase of the additives.The N fixation rate of Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 treatment was up to 66%.Compared with the CK(Control Group),the amount of cumulative ammonia emission decreased by 90.3% and the TN(Total Nitrogen)content increased by 39.31% in this treatment.Compared with other two kinds of fixing agents,Mg(OH)2+H3PO4 treatment could not only control N loss in composting process,improve the N nutrient content of compost products,but also could increase P(Phosphorus)and Mg(Magnesium)nutrients.Therefore,it had more popularization value and application prospect.
