1.Introduction As global temperatures increase and weather patterns grow more er-ratic,the urgency of adopting climate-smart conservation strategies has intensified(Manyakaidze et al.,2024).Climate-smart conservation ...1.Introduction As global temperatures increase and weather patterns grow more er-ratic,the urgency of adopting climate-smart conservation strategies has intensified(Manyakaidze et al.,2024).Climate-smart conservation com-prises adaptive management practices aimed at bolstering the resilience of ecosystems and species amid climate variability(Birchall et al.,2021;Gabriel-Campos et al.,2021).展开更多
1.Need for coordinated flyways conservation Flyways are migratory routes that encompass breeding,stopover,and non-breeding habitats essential for the annual life cycles of migratory birds(Bamford et al.,2008;Newton,20...1.Need for coordinated flyways conservation Flyways are migratory routes that encompass breeding,stopover,and non-breeding habitats essential for the annual life cycles of migratory birds(Bamford et al.,2008;Newton,2023).These routes are critical for maintaining global biodiversity by supporting seasonal movements across continents(Hua et al.,2015;Runge et al.,2015).Effective conservation of flyways,such as the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF)and Central Asian Flyway(CAF),requires international cooperation to protect key stopover sites(Yong et al.,2015;Kumar 2019;Schmaljohann et al.,2022).展开更多
China boasts over 10,000 native useful vascular plants(NUVPs),spanning eight families and serving twelve dis-tinct uses.Given the importance of NUVPs,widely-confirmed in-situ conservation policies,such as establishing...China boasts over 10,000 native useful vascular plants(NUVPs),spanning eight families and serving twelve dis-tinct uses.Given the importance of NUVPs,widely-confirmed in-situ conservation policies,such as establishing nature reserves,have been broadly implemented to protect them.However,the effectiveness of in-situ conser-vation efforts for NUVPs in China remains uncertain.Highlighting the importance of multi-family and multi-use plants,this research identified the spatial distribution pattern and diversity hotspots of NUVPs,evaluated the in-situ conservation effectiveness and provided the future conservation priority scheme.The results revealed that the spatial concentration of NUVPs is predominantly in the southwestern lowlands of China(<3,000 m),peaking around 109°E and 25°N.Importantly,diversity hotspots exhibited a significant spatial mismatch(over 80%)with the National Nature Reserve(NNR)network.Only about 17.7%and 13.3%of these hotspots are protected by NNR initiatives for endemic and nonendemic species,respectively.Additionally,the proposed Plants Conserva-tion Effectiveness Index(PCEI)proved more representative in addressing the two main crises faced by the studied species-species loss and human pressure,and found a decline in conservation effectiveness as the number of uses increased.Finally,future conservation priorities based on the PCEI highlight the Nanling Mountains,Heng-duan Mountains,Jiuwandashan,and Qilian Mountains as highly prioritized regions requiring focused efforts to address the impacts of climate change.Conversely,in sparsely distributed regions experiencing increasing human pressure,it is imperative to mitigate the expanding human footprint.展开更多
Effective preservation of Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs)is crucial to address biodiversity loss.Human-induced disturbance in these vital sites can exacerbate species extinction and challenge the Kunming-Montreal Global ...Effective preservation of Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs)is crucial to address biodiversity loss.Human-induced disturbance in these vital sites can exacerbate species extinction and challenge the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(GBF).This study delves into the human disturbance and protection in terrestrial KBAs worldwide,focusing particularly on habitat fragmentation to devise tailored conservation strategies.Our results reveal widespread human disturbance across global KBAs,with an average Human Footprint Index of 12.3 and a disturbance rate of 62%.Only one-fifth of KBAs are fully safeguarded by protected areas,and a significant portion remains unprotected,with even many highly protected sites under severe disturbance.Globally,human activities have led to substantial implicit habitat fragmentation in KBAs,resulting in a 70%average decline in habitat size,with less than half of KBAs maintaining well-connected active habitats.These findings inform the classification of KBAs for priority conservation,with 80%requiring both intensity regulation and spatial planning of human activities.Higher levels of human disturbance do not necessarily lead to more severe fragmentation,underscoring the potential for relocating or planning human activities to mitigate fragmentation.This research serves as a foundational assessment of human impacts on KBAs,providing a basis for KBA management and global conservation efforts to meet GBF goals.展开更多
Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of p...Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of primate species.High-conservation-need(HCN)areas were identified by both their richness and number of threatened primate species.We also constructed high-disaster-risk(HDR)areas and climate-sensitive(CS)areas based on a disaster risk assessment and temperature change under climate change.We overlaid HCN and HDR areas to obtain HDR-HCN areas.We defined species conservation targets as the percent of each species’range that should be effectively conserved using“Zonation”.Landslides had the highest DRI(1.43±0.88),but have been overlooked in previous studies.PA coverage in HDR-HCN(30%)areas was similar to that in HCN areas(28%),indicating that current PA design fails to account for disaster risk reduction.About 50%of the HDR-HCN areas overlapped with CS areas.Presently,43%of primate species meet their conservation targets.Fifty-seven of primate species would meet their conservation targets and 67%of primates could benefit from PA expansion if HDR-HCN areas are fully incorporated into PAs.Increasing PA coverage in HDR-HCN areas is essential to achieving both primate conservation and disaster risk reduction.The study calls for integrating disaster risk reduction into PA design guidelines,particularly in regions like the western Amazon,and recommends flexible conservation approaches in other areas.展开更多
The implementation of the ecological protection red line serves as a crucial protective barrier for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations by delineating specific geographical areas designate...The implementation of the ecological protection red line serves as a crucial protective barrier for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations by delineating specific geographical areas designated for their conservation.The implementation of a comprehensive set of conservation measures aimed at establishing a biodiversity conservation network for wild plants with extremely small populations has laid the foundation for the health and stability of ecosystems,as well as the harmonious coexistence of humans and the natural environment.Research on the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations serves as a critical foundation for informing and enhancing the effective conservation of such populations.This paper provides a systematic examination of the theoretical and practical conservation status of certain wild plants with extremely small populations and discusses the conservation trends of these populations within the framework of ecological protection red line delineation.In the future,strategies for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations should be integrated with an analysis of the causes of endangerment.This approach will provide a robust foundation for applied research focused on the conservation of these vulnerable plant populations.展开更多
Ecological conservation is at a crossroad as environmental stresses around the world intensify and traditional models of conservation exhibit intrinsic weaknesses in their response to present and future problems.In th...Ecological conservation is at a crossroad as environmental stresses around the world intensify and traditional models of conservation exhibit intrinsic weaknesses in their response to present and future problems.In the project,we evaluated novel approaches integrating adaptive management,technological innovations,and community-based action towards more efficient sustainable conservation results and ecosystem resilience.The multi-site experimental design was based on comparison between conventional reserve management and novel integrative models implemented in diverse ecological zones.Data were collected over a period of three years employing remote sensing technologies,in situ biodiversity assessments,and large socioeconomic surveys.These instruments enabled a robust and multi-dimensional measurement of variables such as species diversity,ecological resilience,community engagement,and stakeholder engagement.The results indicate that adaptive strategies significantly enhance real-time decision-making abilities and enhance long-term ecosystem resilience.Further,technology-driven monitoring greatly enhances data accuracy,responsiveness,and early warning capabilities.Besides that,community-based conservation initiatives were found to be pivotal in facilitating local stewardship,enhancing participatory governance,and enabling more adaptive and adaptive policy systems.This research rejects mainstream conservation paradigms by placing importance on flexibility,interdisciplinarity,and inclusivity of governance systems in effectively mitigating the impacts of climate change and loss of biodiversity.Our findings offer strong evidence that emerging paradigms of conservation can provide greater ecological and social sustainability than traditional methods.These results support the need for a paradigm shift towards conservation strategies that are dynamic,collaborative,and technologically integrated,with significant implications for policy formulation as well as operational environmental management.展开更多
Climate change has well-documented psychological consequences for society.However,the emotional experiences of frontline conservation professionals remain underexplored.As key knowledge producers and participants in d...Climate change has well-documented psychological consequences for society.However,the emotional experiences of frontline conservation professionals remain underexplored.As key knowledge producers and participants in decision-making processes,conservation researchers play a crucial role in shaping and implementing adaptation and mitigation efforts,which are pivotal for effective climate planning.Understanding their emotional responses is essential for enhancing the success of these strategies and supporting climate action.This study aims to identify the most prevalent emotions experienced by conservation researchers regarding climate change across various countries and to examine the qualitative and quantitative factors shaping these emotions.An online survey was conducted with 362 participants from 98 academic and research institutions,utilising both closed and open-ended questions to capture demographic data,climate knowledge,stances on mitigation and adaptation,and emotional responses.Data analysis revealed that feelings of powerlessness,guilt,and concern were most frequently reported,driven by a profound sense of inability to halt climate change,frustration with perceived inaction by governments and industries,and self-assessed personal shortcomings.Age and stances on climate adaptation were identified as primary factors influencing emotional responses,particularly among individuals aged 20–50 and 61–70,with opposition to adaptation correlating with stronger emotional reactions.Demographic factors such as region,place of residence,and mitigation stances played a minor role.These findings provide valuable insights into the psychological well-being of conservation researchers related to climate change.展开更多
As living standards improve,the energy consumption for regulating indoor temperature keeps increasing.Windows,in particular,enhance indoor brightness but also lead to increased energy loss,especially in sunny weather....As living standards improve,the energy consumption for regulating indoor temperature keeps increasing.Windows,in particular,enhance indoor brightness but also lead to increased energy loss,especially in sunny weather.Developing a product that can maintain indoor brightness while reducing energy consumption is a challenge.We developed a facile,spectrally selective transparent ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene composite film to address this trade-off.It is based on a blend of antimony-doped tin oxide and then spin-coated hydrophobic fumed silica,achieving a high visible light transmittance(>70%)and high shielding rates for ultraviolet(>90%)and near-infrared(>70%).When applied to the acrylic window of containers and placed outside,this film can cause a 10℃ temperature drop compared to a pure polymer film.Moreover,in building energy simulations,the annual energy savings could be between 14.1%~31.9%per year.The development of energy-efficient and eco-friendly transparent films is crucial for reducing energy consumption and promoting sustainability in the window environment.展开更多
Global framework for nature management requires identifying areas of high priority for biodiversity conservation and restoration.The unique environments of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) provide irreplaceable habitats fo...Global framework for nature management requires identifying areas of high priority for biodiversity conservation and restoration.The unique environments of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) provide irreplaceable habitats for biodiversity which is prominent under future climate change.Despite the recent increase in research interest on conservation priorities,there is a lack of comprehensive and targeted protection strategies for pandemic species under climate change.Here,we compiled an exhaustive dataset with the variables of extinction risk and occurrence records of ectothermic lizards to investigate the conservation priorities in the QXP.We assessed the conservation status of the QXP lizards and identified the priority protected areas within the QXP under future climate scenarios using phylogenetic generalized least squares and ensemble species distribution models.Our analyses suggested nine lizard species to be prioritized for protection,with the most critical priority species being Dopasia gracilis,D.harti,and Phrynocephalus putjatai.Moreover,the priority protected areas covered~4.7%area of the QXP,mostly in the southern QXP and southeastern Hengduan Mountains.Protecting these regions would achieve a conservation effectiveness of≥95%for species richness,phylogenetic and functionaldiversity under climate change.Our findings provide realistic guidance for improving the conservation effectiveness of specific-lizard and-regions in the QXP under climate change.Our“bottom-up”approach could help the conservation efforts of other regions and species as an alternative to“top-down”global maps.展开更多
Biodiversity is a critical component for sustainable human development.The recently concluded Sixteenth Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2024 highlighted the need for whole of society mo...Biodiversity is a critical component for sustainable human development.The recently concluded Sixteenth Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2024 highlighted the need for whole of society mobilization to address the global biodiversity crisis by translating international conservation commitments into effective local actions.A study to understand the linkages between ecological conservation measures in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)15 target 15.5,was undertaken,using the content analysis method that reviewed international conventions,national policies,and local government measures and practices.The study revealed that there was a strong link with between Aba’s conservation strategies and SDG 15 particularly target 15.5 in reducing natural habitat degradation,curbing biodiversity loss,and protecting endangered species.The Aba Prefecture has established 25 nature reserves,that are regulated by stringent wetland protection measures,and comprehensive legal frameworks for biodiversity conservation which is in line with SDG 15.The findings further show that that the Aba Prefecture’s efforts in ecosystem conservation,species protection,and sustainable resource utilization can be used to help meet SDG 15 target 15.5.The study also identified steps to help localize SDG aspirations and goals,by strengthening long-term data monitoring and local herder participation.These insights can be used to support other initiatives and measures in other similar biodiversity-rich regions seeking to implement global conservation goals at the local level,particularly in ecologically sensitive mountainous areas.展开更多
Water scarcity poses a significant challenge globally,with South Africa exemplifying the severe socio-economic and environmental impacts of limited water access.Despite advances in modern water management systems,the ...Water scarcity poses a significant challenge globally,with South Africa exemplifying the severe socio-economic and environmental impacts of limited water access.Despite advances in modern water management systems,the integration of indigenous knowledge(IK)into formal frameworks remains underutilized.This study systematically reviews the role of indigenous water conservation practices in South Africa,analyzing over 50 high-quality sources using the PRISMA methodology.The findings highlight the effectiveness of IK in addressing water scarcity through techniques such as rainwater harvesting,terracing,and wetland management,which are low-cost,environmentally sustainable,and deeply rooted in cultural practices.Indigenous methods also enhance climate resilience by enabling communities to adapt to droughts and floods through practices such as weather prediction and adaptive farming techniques.Furthermore,these practices foster social inclusivity and community empowerment,ensuring equitable water access and intergenerational knowledge transfer.The study underscores the potential of integrating IK with modern water technologies to create holistic solutions that are scalable,sustainable,and aligned with South Africa’s goal of achieving water security by 2030.Policy recommendations emphasize the need for institutional support,data collection,and financial incentives to sustain and mainstream indigenous approaches.By bridging the gap between traditional and contemporary systems,this research provides a roadmap for leveraging diverse knowledge systems to address water scarcity and build resilient communities.展开更多
The Nenang Ravine Small Nature Reserve is located in Tohlung Dechen District,Lhasa City,Xizang,approximately 38 kilometers from downtown Lhasa.Being called the small nature reserve,it refers to an emerging type of nat...The Nenang Ravine Small Nature Reserve is located in Tohlung Dechen District,Lhasa City,Xizang,approximately 38 kilometers from downtown Lhasa.Being called the small nature reserve,it refers to an emerging type of natural protection reserve that is smaller in scale and independently established by local governments at or under county level.展开更多
The method of integrating factors is used to study the conservation laws of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems in this paper.Firstly,the definition of the integrating factors of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian system...The method of integrating factors is used to study the conservation laws of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems in this paper.Firstly,the definition of the integrating factors of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems is given.Secondly,the relationship between the integrating factors and conservation laws is studied,and the conservation theorems of Herglotz type Birkhoff's equations and their inverse theorems are established.Thirdly,two types of generalized Killing equations for calculating integrating factors are given.Finally,as an example,a linear damped oscillator is taken.This example can be transformed into a Herglotz type Birkhoffian system.The resulting conservation theorems are used to find the conserved quantities for this example.展开更多
This work focuses on a Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, with an emphasis on its conservation laws. Through a new approach combined with the multiplier method, called the mixed method, we obtain conservation vectors that...This work focuses on a Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, with an emphasis on its conservation laws. Through a new approach combined with the multiplier method, called the mixed method, we obtain conservation vectors that are related and unrelated to symmetric information. In addition, some exact solutions with particular forms are obtained according to the method of conservation laws. These particular solutions are different from the group-invariant solutions.展开更多
Traditional medicine,deeply rooted in cultural practices and historical wisdom,has faced surging challenges due to the escalating demand for plant-based remedies.This comprehensive review critically emphasizes the urg...Traditional medicine,deeply rooted in cultural practices and historical wisdom,has faced surging challenges due to the escalating demand for plant-based remedies.This comprehensive review critically emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable practices within traditional medicine,with a special focus on the potential of plant part substitution.Case studies that illuminate successful instances of substituting plant parts and providing a deep insight into viable alternatives to conventional practices are presented.Opportunities and challenges inherent in plant part substitution are discussed by addressing key considerations such as phytochemical and pharmacological aspects,safety and toxicity profiles,cultural insights,standardization,clinical validation,and regulatory compliance.This review serves as a guide for navigating the delicate balance between tradition and conservation within indigenous medicine practices.It underscores the importance of embracing sustainable approaches through plant part substitution,ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage while meeting the evolving healthcare needs of society.展开更多
This paper discusses the application of traditional architectural restoration techniques, dynamic maintenance of the spatial texture of historical streets and alleys, the construction of a digital monitoring system fo...This paper discusses the application of traditional architectural restoration techniques, dynamic maintenance of the spatial texture of historical streets and alleys, the construction of a digital monitoring system for building facades, and spatial transformation strategies for the continuity of residential functions. Through the integration of traditional construction techniques with modern technologies, such as dynamic monitoring, evaluative tools, and digital management systems, this approach seeks to sustain the landscape memory and preserve the historical and cultural continuum of ancient cities, while simultaneously balancing the conservation of heritage architecture with the functional demands of contemporary urban life.展开更多
This research paper addresses,from an ecogeographic perspective within a localised context,a new concept of nature conservation within modern farming systems:the direct seeding technique based on the principles of the...This research paper addresses,from an ecogeographic perspective within a localised context,a new concept of nature conservation within modern farming systems:the direct seeding technique based on the principles of the Conservation Agriculture System(CAS).The adoption of CAS aims to increase soil fertility,promote biodiversity,and sustain production,making it one of the most effective adaptation solutions available to address the challenges of climate change.CAS is defined as a farming system based on three key principles:minimal soil disturbance(reduced or zero tillage),maintaining a permanent soil cover(with residues from previous crops),and adopting crop rotation(diversifying crops rather than limiting them to a single type in consecutive seasons).However,there is limited research and a lack of scientific studies on the implementation of conservation agriculture in developing nations such as Morocco,particularly in the Had Kourt region.This study aims to assess the feasibility of CAS compared to traditional agricultural systems by surveying the opinions of farmers who have experience with both systems and comparing the outcomes of their practices based on simple indicators as an initial stage,with further analysis of additional indicators planned through subsequent scientific investigations.The sampling method used in this study is non-discriminatory,as semi-structured interviews were conducted with a group of farmers to gather their opinions on CAS.The adoption of conservation agriculture has been linked to prior knowledge of the system,acquired through training and fieldwork via application platforms,which remain limited in scope.展开更多
In this paper,the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation.We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and re...In this paper,the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation.We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and reduce the corresponding(2+1)-dimensional fractional partial differential equations with the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative to(1+1)-dimensional counterparts with the Erdélyi–Kober fractional derivative.Then,we obtain the power series solutions of the reduced equations,prove their convergence and analyze their dynamic behavior graphically.In addition,the conservation laws for all the obtained Lie symmetries are constructed using the new conservation theorem and the generalization of Noether operators.展开更多
The medicinal herb Geranium wallichianum belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The East Asian Himalayas are its primary habitat. Overexploitation and overharvesting pose a threat to this plant, given its extensive ethnom...The medicinal herb Geranium wallichianum belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The East Asian Himalayas are its primary habitat. Overexploitation and overharvesting pose a threat to this plant, given its extensive ethnomedical utilization in the community. In Pakistan, its population has already declined by over 75%. Given its critical medicinal importance, urgent conservation efforts are needed to prevent extinction. The aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in decelerating the growth of this medicinally important species. Nodal segments were utilized as explant with varying levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.5% and 1.5%) and sucrose (4% and 8%) as treatments on different growth attributes. Over a 45-day period, PEG treatments (0.5% and 1.5%) proved more efficient compared to sucrose in suppressing in vitro growth, with reduced shoot lengths (0.92 and 0.57 cm), dry weight (0.04 and 0.02 g), and fresh weight (0.06 and 0.04 g). PEG also significantly enhanced phenolic levels (0.96 and 0.19 mg/g) and soluble sugars (4.07 and 4.12 mg/g) while reducing total protein level (2.38 and 2.32 mg/g) and total chlorophyll content (0.17 and 0.14 mg/g). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative association between phenolic levels and total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The length of the shoot had a negative relationship with phenolic level but a positive relationship with both fresh and dry weight. The principal component analysis revealed that total sugars and phenolics that were grouped separately from other variables led to stronger responses to osmotic stress. These outcomes suggested that higher PEG was successful in reducing in vitro growth throughout short-term preservation in comparison to sucrose. The outcomes of this research could be applied for the in vitro conservation of medical plants in the future.展开更多
文摘1.Introduction As global temperatures increase and weather patterns grow more er-ratic,the urgency of adopting climate-smart conservation strategies has intensified(Manyakaidze et al.,2024).Climate-smart conservation com-prises adaptive management practices aimed at bolstering the resilience of ecosystems and species amid climate variability(Birchall et al.,2021;Gabriel-Campos et al.,2021).
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2021-NR060142)HSF's GMACC Project。
文摘1.Need for coordinated flyways conservation Flyways are migratory routes that encompass breeding,stopover,and non-breeding habitats essential for the annual life cycles of migratory birds(Bamford et al.,2008;Newton,2023).These routes are critical for maintaining global biodiversity by supporting seasonal movements across continents(Hua et al.,2015;Runge et al.,2015).Effective conservation of flyways,such as the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF)and Central Asian Flyway(CAF),requires international cooperation to protect key stopover sites(Yong et al.,2015;Kumar 2019;Schmaljohann et al.,2022).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42330205)the Open Fund of State Key Labora-tory of Remote Sensing Science and Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products(Grant No.OF202206).
文摘China boasts over 10,000 native useful vascular plants(NUVPs),spanning eight families and serving twelve dis-tinct uses.Given the importance of NUVPs,widely-confirmed in-situ conservation policies,such as establishing nature reserves,have been broadly implemented to protect them.However,the effectiveness of in-situ conser-vation efforts for NUVPs in China remains uncertain.Highlighting the importance of multi-family and multi-use plants,this research identified the spatial distribution pattern and diversity hotspots of NUVPs,evaluated the in-situ conservation effectiveness and provided the future conservation priority scheme.The results revealed that the spatial concentration of NUVPs is predominantly in the southwestern lowlands of China(<3,000 m),peaking around 109°E and 25°N.Importantly,diversity hotspots exhibited a significant spatial mismatch(over 80%)with the National Nature Reserve(NNR)network.Only about 17.7%and 13.3%of these hotspots are protected by NNR initiatives for endemic and nonendemic species,respectively.Additionally,the proposed Plants Conserva-tion Effectiveness Index(PCEI)proved more representative in addressing the two main crises faced by the studied species-species loss and human pressure,and found a decline in conservation effectiveness as the number of uses increased.Finally,future conservation priorities based on the PCEI highlight the Nanling Mountains,Heng-duan Mountains,Jiuwandashan,and Qilian Mountains as highly prioritized regions requiring focused efforts to address the impacts of climate change.Conversely,in sparsely distributed regions experiencing increasing human pressure,it is imperative to mitigate the expanding human footprint.
基金supported by the National Key Research and De-velopment Program(Grant No.2023YFE0122300)the Hunan Provin-cial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2024JJ8351)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.S20230127).
文摘Effective preservation of Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs)is crucial to address biodiversity loss.Human-induced disturbance in these vital sites can exacerbate species extinction and challenge the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(GBF).This study delves into the human disturbance and protection in terrestrial KBAs worldwide,focusing particularly on habitat fragmentation to devise tailored conservation strategies.Our results reveal widespread human disturbance across global KBAs,with an average Human Footprint Index of 12.3 and a disturbance rate of 62%.Only one-fifth of KBAs are fully safeguarded by protected areas,and a significant portion remains unprotected,with even many highly protected sites under severe disturbance.Globally,human activities have led to substantial implicit habitat fragmentation in KBAs,resulting in a 70%average decline in habitat size,with less than half of KBAs maintaining well-connected active habitats.These findings inform the classification of KBAs for priority conservation,with 80%requiring both intensity regulation and spatial planning of human activities.Higher levels of human disturbance do not necessarily lead to more severe fragmentation,underscoring the potential for relocating or planning human activities to mitigate fragmentation.This research serves as a foundational assessment of human impacts on KBAs,providing a basis for KBA management and global conservation efforts to meet GBF goals.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2022YFF1301500)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grants No.32000352,32171485,and 32371741)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021A1515010968)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(Grant No.23lgzy002).
文摘Disaster risk reduction,an essential function of protected areas(PAs),has been generally overlooked in PA design.Using primates as a model,we designed a disaster risk index(DRI)to measure the disaster sensitivity of primate species.High-conservation-need(HCN)areas were identified by both their richness and number of threatened primate species.We also constructed high-disaster-risk(HDR)areas and climate-sensitive(CS)areas based on a disaster risk assessment and temperature change under climate change.We overlaid HCN and HDR areas to obtain HDR-HCN areas.We defined species conservation targets as the percent of each species’range that should be effectively conserved using“Zonation”.Landslides had the highest DRI(1.43±0.88),but have been overlooked in previous studies.PA coverage in HDR-HCN(30%)areas was similar to that in HCN areas(28%),indicating that current PA design fails to account for disaster risk reduction.About 50%of the HDR-HCN areas overlapped with CS areas.Presently,43%of primate species meet their conservation targets.Fifty-seven of primate species would meet their conservation targets and 67%of primates could benefit from PA expansion if HDR-HCN areas are fully incorporated into PAs.Increasing PA coverage in HDR-HCN areas is essential to achieving both primate conservation and disaster risk reduction.The study calls for integrating disaster risk reduction into PA design guidelines,particularly in regions like the western Amazon,and recommends flexible conservation approaches in other areas.
基金Supported by 2024 Central Financial Comprehensive Protection Project for Abies chensiensis(610000242000000026647)2024 Provincial Forestry and Grassland Reform and Development Fund for the National Key Wild Plant Protection Project(610000242000000028574)2024 Biodiversity Conservation Project(610000242000000024911).
文摘The implementation of the ecological protection red line serves as a crucial protective barrier for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations by delineating specific geographical areas designated for their conservation.The implementation of a comprehensive set of conservation measures aimed at establishing a biodiversity conservation network for wild plants with extremely small populations has laid the foundation for the health and stability of ecosystems,as well as the harmonious coexistence of humans and the natural environment.Research on the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations serves as a critical foundation for informing and enhancing the effective conservation of such populations.This paper provides a systematic examination of the theoretical and practical conservation status of certain wild plants with extremely small populations and discusses the conservation trends of these populations within the framework of ecological protection red line delineation.In the future,strategies for the conservation of wild plants with extremely small populations should be integrated with an analysis of the causes of endangerment.This approach will provide a robust foundation for applied research focused on the conservation of these vulnerable plant populations.
基金supported by the Lebanese International University(LIU)with a funding amount of$500.
文摘Ecological conservation is at a crossroad as environmental stresses around the world intensify and traditional models of conservation exhibit intrinsic weaknesses in their response to present and future problems.In the project,we evaluated novel approaches integrating adaptive management,technological innovations,and community-based action towards more efficient sustainable conservation results and ecosystem resilience.The multi-site experimental design was based on comparison between conventional reserve management and novel integrative models implemented in diverse ecological zones.Data were collected over a period of three years employing remote sensing technologies,in situ biodiversity assessments,and large socioeconomic surveys.These instruments enabled a robust and multi-dimensional measurement of variables such as species diversity,ecological resilience,community engagement,and stakeholder engagement.The results indicate that adaptive strategies significantly enhance real-time decision-making abilities and enhance long-term ecosystem resilience.Further,technology-driven monitoring greatly enhances data accuracy,responsiveness,and early warning capabilities.Besides that,community-based conservation initiatives were found to be pivotal in facilitating local stewardship,enhancing participatory governance,and enabling more adaptive and adaptive policy systems.This research rejects mainstream conservation paradigms by placing importance on flexibility,interdisciplinarity,and inclusivity of governance systems in effectively mitigating the impacts of climate change and loss of biodiversity.Our findings offer strong evidence that emerging paradigms of conservation can provide greater ecological and social sustainability than traditional methods.These results support the need for a paradigm shift towards conservation strategies that are dynamic,collaborative,and technologically integrated,with significant implications for policy formulation as well as operational environmental management.
基金funded the Ecuadorian National Secretary of Higher Education,Science and Technology(SENESCYT),through the Scholarship Programme 2012.
文摘Climate change has well-documented psychological consequences for society.However,the emotional experiences of frontline conservation professionals remain underexplored.As key knowledge producers and participants in decision-making processes,conservation researchers play a crucial role in shaping and implementing adaptation and mitigation efforts,which are pivotal for effective climate planning.Understanding their emotional responses is essential for enhancing the success of these strategies and supporting climate action.This study aims to identify the most prevalent emotions experienced by conservation researchers regarding climate change across various countries and to examine the qualitative and quantitative factors shaping these emotions.An online survey was conducted with 362 participants from 98 academic and research institutions,utilising both closed and open-ended questions to capture demographic data,climate knowledge,stances on mitigation and adaptation,and emotional responses.Data analysis revealed that feelings of powerlessness,guilt,and concern were most frequently reported,driven by a profound sense of inability to halt climate change,frustration with perceived inaction by governments and industries,and self-assessed personal shortcomings.Age and stances on climate adaptation were identified as primary factors influencing emotional responses,particularly among individuals aged 20–50 and 61–70,with opposition to adaptation correlating with stronger emotional reactions.Demographic factors such as region,place of residence,and mitigation stances played a minor role.These findings provide valuable insights into the psychological well-being of conservation researchers related to climate change.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(242300421010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52403055).
文摘As living standards improve,the energy consumption for regulating indoor temperature keeps increasing.Windows,in particular,enhance indoor brightness but also lead to increased energy loss,especially in sunny weather.Developing a product that can maintain indoor brightness while reducing energy consumption is a challenge.We developed a facile,spectrally selective transparent ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene composite film to address this trade-off.It is based on a blend of antimony-doped tin oxide and then spin-coated hydrophobic fumed silica,achieving a high visible light transmittance(>70%)and high shielding rates for ultraviolet(>90%)and near-infrared(>70%).When applied to the acrylic window of containers and placed outside,this film can cause a 10℃ temperature drop compared to a pure polymer film.Moreover,in building energy simulations,the annual energy savings could be between 14.1%~31.9%per year.The development of energy-efficient and eco-friendly transparent films is crucial for reducing energy consumption and promoting sustainability in the window environment.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31861143023,31872250 and 31872252)。
文摘Global framework for nature management requires identifying areas of high priority for biodiversity conservation and restoration.The unique environments of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP) provide irreplaceable habitats for biodiversity which is prominent under future climate change.Despite the recent increase in research interest on conservation priorities,there is a lack of comprehensive and targeted protection strategies for pandemic species under climate change.Here,we compiled an exhaustive dataset with the variables of extinction risk and occurrence records of ectothermic lizards to investigate the conservation priorities in the QXP.We assessed the conservation status of the QXP lizards and identified the priority protected areas within the QXP under future climate scenarios using phylogenetic generalized least squares and ensemble species distribution models.Our analyses suggested nine lizard species to be prioritized for protection,with the most critical priority species being Dopasia gracilis,D.harti,and Phrynocephalus putjatai.Moreover,the priority protected areas covered~4.7%area of the QXP,mostly in the southern QXP and southeastern Hengduan Mountains.Protecting these regions would achieve a conservation effectiveness of≥95%for species richness,phylogenetic and functionaldiversity under climate change.Our findings provide realistic guidance for improving the conservation effectiveness of specific-lizard and-regions in the QXP under climate change.Our“bottom-up”approach could help the conservation efforts of other regions and species as an alternative to“top-down”global maps.
文摘Biodiversity is a critical component for sustainable human development.The recently concluded Sixteenth Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity 2024 highlighted the need for whole of society mobilization to address the global biodiversity crisis by translating international conservation commitments into effective local actions.A study to understand the linkages between ecological conservation measures in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)15 target 15.5,was undertaken,using the content analysis method that reviewed international conventions,national policies,and local government measures and practices.The study revealed that there was a strong link with between Aba’s conservation strategies and SDG 15 particularly target 15.5 in reducing natural habitat degradation,curbing biodiversity loss,and protecting endangered species.The Aba Prefecture has established 25 nature reserves,that are regulated by stringent wetland protection measures,and comprehensive legal frameworks for biodiversity conservation which is in line with SDG 15.The findings further show that that the Aba Prefecture’s efforts in ecosystem conservation,species protection,and sustainable resource utilization can be used to help meet SDG 15 target 15.5.The study also identified steps to help localize SDG aspirations and goals,by strengthening long-term data monitoring and local herder participation.These insights can be used to support other initiatives and measures in other similar biodiversity-rich regions seeking to implement global conservation goals at the local level,particularly in ecologically sensitive mountainous areas.
文摘Water scarcity poses a significant challenge globally,with South Africa exemplifying the severe socio-economic and environmental impacts of limited water access.Despite advances in modern water management systems,the integration of indigenous knowledge(IK)into formal frameworks remains underutilized.This study systematically reviews the role of indigenous water conservation practices in South Africa,analyzing over 50 high-quality sources using the PRISMA methodology.The findings highlight the effectiveness of IK in addressing water scarcity through techniques such as rainwater harvesting,terracing,and wetland management,which are low-cost,environmentally sustainable,and deeply rooted in cultural practices.Indigenous methods also enhance climate resilience by enabling communities to adapt to droughts and floods through practices such as weather prediction and adaptive farming techniques.Furthermore,these practices foster social inclusivity and community empowerment,ensuring equitable water access and intergenerational knowledge transfer.The study underscores the potential of integrating IK with modern water technologies to create holistic solutions that are scalable,sustainable,and aligned with South Africa’s goal of achieving water security by 2030.Policy recommendations emphasize the need for institutional support,data collection,and financial incentives to sustain and mainstream indigenous approaches.By bridging the gap between traditional and contemporary systems,this research provides a roadmap for leveraging diverse knowledge systems to address water scarcity and build resilient communities.
文摘The Nenang Ravine Small Nature Reserve is located in Tohlung Dechen District,Lhasa City,Xizang,approximately 38 kilometers from downtown Lhasa.Being called the small nature reserve,it refers to an emerging type of natural protection reserve that is smaller in scale and independently established by local governments at or under county level.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272248)。
文摘The method of integrating factors is used to study the conservation laws of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems in this paper.Firstly,the definition of the integrating factors of the Herglotz type Birkhoffian systems is given.Secondly,the relationship between the integrating factors and conservation laws is studied,and the conservation theorems of Herglotz type Birkhoff's equations and their inverse theorems are established.Thirdly,two types of generalized Killing equations for calculating integrating factors are given.Finally,as an example,a linear damped oscillator is taken.This example can be transformed into a Herglotz type Birkhoffian system.The resulting conservation theorems are used to find the conserved quantities for this example.
文摘This work focuses on a Keller-Segel chemotaxis model, with an emphasis on its conservation laws. Through a new approach combined with the multiplier method, called the mixed method, we obtain conservation vectors that are related and unrelated to symmetric information. In addition, some exact solutions with particular forms are obtained according to the method of conservation laws. These particular solutions are different from the group-invariant solutions.
文摘Traditional medicine,deeply rooted in cultural practices and historical wisdom,has faced surging challenges due to the escalating demand for plant-based remedies.This comprehensive review critically emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable practices within traditional medicine,with a special focus on the potential of plant part substitution.Case studies that illuminate successful instances of substituting plant parts and providing a deep insight into viable alternatives to conventional practices are presented.Opportunities and challenges inherent in plant part substitution are discussed by addressing key considerations such as phytochemical and pharmacological aspects,safety and toxicity profiles,cultural insights,standardization,clinical validation,and regulatory compliance.This review serves as a guide for navigating the delicate balance between tradition and conservation within indigenous medicine practices.It underscores the importance of embracing sustainable approaches through plant part substitution,ensuring the preservation of cultural heritage while meeting the evolving healthcare needs of society.
文摘This paper discusses the application of traditional architectural restoration techniques, dynamic maintenance of the spatial texture of historical streets and alleys, the construction of a digital monitoring system for building facades, and spatial transformation strategies for the continuity of residential functions. Through the integration of traditional construction techniques with modern technologies, such as dynamic monitoring, evaluative tools, and digital management systems, this approach seeks to sustain the landscape memory and preserve the historical and cultural continuum of ancient cities, while simultaneously balancing the conservation of heritage architecture with the functional demands of contemporary urban life.
文摘This research paper addresses,from an ecogeographic perspective within a localised context,a new concept of nature conservation within modern farming systems:the direct seeding technique based on the principles of the Conservation Agriculture System(CAS).The adoption of CAS aims to increase soil fertility,promote biodiversity,and sustain production,making it one of the most effective adaptation solutions available to address the challenges of climate change.CAS is defined as a farming system based on three key principles:minimal soil disturbance(reduced or zero tillage),maintaining a permanent soil cover(with residues from previous crops),and adopting crop rotation(diversifying crops rather than limiting them to a single type in consecutive seasons).However,there is limited research and a lack of scientific studies on the implementation of conservation agriculture in developing nations such as Morocco,particularly in the Had Kourt region.This study aims to assess the feasibility of CAS compared to traditional agricultural systems by surveying the opinions of farmers who have experience with both systems and comparing the outcomes of their practices based on simple indicators as an initial stage,with further analysis of additional indicators planned through subsequent scientific investigations.The sampling method used in this study is non-discriminatory,as semi-structured interviews were conducted with a group of farmers to gather their opinions on CAS.The adoption of conservation agriculture has been linked to prior knowledge of the system,acquired through training and fieldwork via application platforms,which remain limited in scope.
基金supported by the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72031009).
文摘In this paper,the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the(2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation.We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and reduce the corresponding(2+1)-dimensional fractional partial differential equations with the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative to(1+1)-dimensional counterparts with the Erdélyi–Kober fractional derivative.Then,we obtain the power series solutions of the reduced equations,prove their convergence and analyze their dynamic behavior graphically.In addition,the conservation laws for all the obtained Lie symmetries are constructed using the new conservation theorem and the generalization of Noether operators.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,grant number KFU242733.
文摘The medicinal herb Geranium wallichianum belongs to the family Geraniaceae. The East Asian Himalayas are its primary habitat. Overexploitation and overharvesting pose a threat to this plant, given its extensive ethnomedical utilization in the community. In Pakistan, its population has already declined by over 75%. Given its critical medicinal importance, urgent conservation efforts are needed to prevent extinction. The aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in decelerating the growth of this medicinally important species. Nodal segments were utilized as explant with varying levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.5% and 1.5%) and sucrose (4% and 8%) as treatments on different growth attributes. Over a 45-day period, PEG treatments (0.5% and 1.5%) proved more efficient compared to sucrose in suppressing in vitro growth, with reduced shoot lengths (0.92 and 0.57 cm), dry weight (0.04 and 0.02 g), and fresh weight (0.06 and 0.04 g). PEG also significantly enhanced phenolic levels (0.96 and 0.19 mg/g) and soluble sugars (4.07 and 4.12 mg/g) while reducing total protein level (2.38 and 2.32 mg/g) and total chlorophyll content (0.17 and 0.14 mg/g). The Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative association between phenolic levels and total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. The length of the shoot had a negative relationship with phenolic level but a positive relationship with both fresh and dry weight. The principal component analysis revealed that total sugars and phenolics that were grouped separately from other variables led to stronger responses to osmotic stress. These outcomes suggested that higher PEG was successful in reducing in vitro growth throughout short-term preservation in comparison to sucrose. The outcomes of this research could be applied for the in vitro conservation of medical plants in the future.
