As the country with the highest number of dams in the world,China’s dam safety management and risk control are crucial to public safety and economic development.This paper systematically analyzes the current status o...As the country with the highest number of dams in the world,China’s dam safety management and risk control are crucial to public safety and economic development.This paper systematically analyzes the current status of dam safety in China,explores the causes of accidents such as design and construction defects,poor operation management,the impact of natural disasters,and proposes comprehensive dam safety management measures based on these analyses.展开更多
Small-scale farmland water conservancy projects are crucial infrastructure for ensuring agricultural production and enhancing water resource utilization efficiency,with their water-saving benefits directly linked to n...Small-scale farmland water conservancy projects are crucial infrastructure for ensuring agricultural production and enhancing water resource utilization efficiency,with their water-saving benefits directly linked to national food security and sustainable agricultural development.This study focuses on small-scale farmland water conservancy projects in China,identifying issues such as aging facilities,outdated technology,and management deficiencies through field research and data analysis.Targeted pathways for enhancing water-saving efficiency are proposed from three dimensions:engineering technology optimization,management mechanism innovation,and policy support.Research indicates that by promoting efficient water-saving technologies,establishing a diversified management model,and improving policy incentive mechanisms,the irrigation water utilization coefficient of small-scale farmland water conservancy projects can be increased by 0.1-0.15,and water consumption per unit area of farmland can be reduced by 15-20%.The findings provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the quality improvement and water-saving enhancement of small-scale farmland water conservancy projects in China.展开更多
With the development of our country’s social economy,the construction scale of water conservancy project has had an obvious expansion.In the construction of water conservancy projects,certain impacts on the surroundi...With the development of our country’s social economy,the construction scale of water conservancy project has had an obvious expansion.In the construction of water conservancy projects,certain impacts on the surrounding water and soil conditions are inevitable.These impacts may lead to problems such as soil erosion,which can directly affect local production,livelihoods,and the natural ecological environment on which people depend.In severe cases,such issues may even hinder the progress and quality of the water conservancy project itself.Therefore,in the construction of water conservancy projects,soil and water conservation work is extremely important.Based on this,this paper mainly aimed at the prevention and control of water and soil conservation of water conservancy projects launched the relevant analysis and research.展开更多
Innovation and entrepreneurship education is an important part of higher education.It adapts to the current era background of mass innovation and entrepreneurship,and is also an effective way for higher education to c...Innovation and entrepreneurship education is an important part of higher education.It adapts to the current era background of mass innovation and entrepreneurship,and is also an effective way for higher education to cultivate all-round developing talents.From the perspective of current higher education,many colleges and universities attach importance to basic education,but their cultivation of students’innovation and entrepreneurship abilities is relatively insufficient;some colleges and universities have a relatively superficial understanding of innovation and entrepreneurship,showing the characteristics of emphasizing theory over practice,and the teaching reform is indeed ineffective.The teaching concept of integration of industry and education emphasizes that enterprises are an important subject in talent cultivation,injecting new vitality into the development of the innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system for water conservancy majors in colleges and universities.Against this background,guided by the teaching concept of integration of industry and education,this paper explores the important role of strengthening innovation and entrepreneurship education for water conservancy majors,and then deeply explores corresponding teaching strategies,aiming to improve the quality of innovation education for water conservancy students,cultivate their good innovation awareness and entrepreneurship ability,enhance their comprehensive quality,and deliver all-round developing water conservancy talents.展开更多
The construction of new agricultural science requires the use of modern scientific and technological means to transform and enhance current agricultural related majors.The agricultural water conservancy engineering ma...The construction of new agricultural science requires the use of modern scientific and technological means to transform and enhance current agricultural related majors.The agricultural water conservancy engineering major,with its inherent disciplinary advantages,plays an indispensable and important role in the construction of new agricultural science.In recent years,the lack of professional cognitive education has gradually become a significant problem in the training of talents in agricultural water conservancy engineering.Therefore,this paper deeply analyzes the problems and reasons faced by professional cognitive education,and proposes specific educational strategies for several key aspects such as enrollment promotion,freshman enrollment education,construction of teacher team,combination of scientific research and teaching,and strengthening professional cognition through competition activities.It aims to provide reference for improving the quality of professional cognitive education and exploring effective ways.展开更多
As a vital infrastructure initiative with significant impacts on national development and public welfare,water conservancy projects play an essential role in advancing agricultural development and mitigating losses ca...As a vital infrastructure initiative with significant impacts on national development and public welfare,water conservancy projects play an essential role in advancing agricultural development and mitigating losses caused by flooding.However,these projects often require substantial investments and extended construction periods,leading to the inevitable emergence of various financial risks during implementation.This paper aims to explore the current challenges in financial risk management of the S water conservancy project,offering practical management strategies and solutions to address these financial difficulties.Through a detailed assessment and analysis of the S water conservancy project,the study seeks to provide valuable references and insights for similar projects to better manage financial risks,ensuring their smooth progression and successful completion.The proposed control measures are designed not only to effectively mitigate the financial risks specific to the S water conservancy project but also to offer actionable lessons for other similar projects.By promoting and applying these measures,the overall financial management capabilities of the industry can be enhanced,providing robust support for the sustainable development of water conservancy projects.展开更多
Through analyzing influence of urban development and construction on ecological water conservancy landscapes,common ecological problems of existing water conservancy landscapes were explored.Causes responsible for the...Through analyzing influence of urban development and construction on ecological water conservancy landscapes,common ecological problems of existing water conservancy landscapes were explored.Causes responsible for these problems were summarized as poor knowledge about ecology,unclear objective of construction,water conservancy projects violating the principle of conserving and restoring ecological conditions,and degraded biodiversity of water environment.It was stressed that ecological construction of water conservancy landscapes should break traditional water conservancy concepts,adopt ecological treatment and build ecological landscapes;geomorphic,hydrological and hydraulic of original river systems should be maintained as much as possible;sewage not discharged to natural water directly;water circulation enhanced to promote self-purification capacity of water;necessary purification measures adopted for rivers and lakes.On the basis of above strategies,construction of ecological water conservancy landscapes in Nanchang City was taken for example to analyze problems in the previous construction and present achievements,then principles to be followed in the future construction and protection of ecological water conservancy landscapes in Nanchang City were proposed.展开更多
Water conservancy project is a very complex system engineering, and water seepage is inevitable during its construction. Seepage control technology is one of the important components in water conservancy and hydropowe...Water conservancy project is a very complex system engineering, and water seepage is inevitable during its construction. Seepage control technology is one of the important components in water conservancy and hydropower construction. It can reduce the waste of water resources, reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption, and play a positive role;At the same time, it also has a certain impact and improvement effect on people's quality of life;Combined with practical cases, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of anti-seepage measures in the specific application, and puts forward corresponding suggestions: Strengthen the design concept, reasonably control the cost of construction materials, strengthen project management, improve the quality level of construction personnel and management personnel, and standardize the operation process.展开更多
In modern society, the level of science and technology is constantly improving and the requirements for hydropower are getting higher and higher. Strengthening the construction of water conservancy projects is of grea...In modern society, the level of science and technology is constantly improving and the requirements for hydropower are getting higher and higher. Strengthening the construction of water conservancy projects is of great significance to ensuring peoples livelihood and promoting sustainable development. In water conservancy and hydropower projects, it should be necessary to pay attention to the application of technology, actively introduce advanced modern technology, accurately grasp the key of the project;ensure the safe, stable and stable operation of water conservancy project, ensure the economic benefits of the development of water conservancy and water conservancy and achieve the win-win economic and social benefits.展开更多
In the process of agricultural production, the relationship between land consolidation and irrigation and water conservancy is very close. Irrigation and water conservancy design is more scientific and reasonable, so ...In the process of agricultural production, the relationship between land consolidation and irrigation and water conservancy is very close. Irrigation and water conservancy design is more scientific and reasonable, so the efficiency of agricultural production is likely to be improved. In land consolidation, the design and arrangement of irrigation and water conservancy has played a vital role. So the irrigation and water conservancy project construction from the early design to use to strictly check, every link should be accurate after put into use also want to strengthen maintenance and maintenance, to ensure the normal operation of water conservancy projects.展开更多
Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area, the characteristics and variation trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961-2005 were analyzed applying Mann-K...Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area, the characteristics and variation trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961-2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station （Xiahui Station） located at the outlet of the drainage basin and the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations. Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series contrasting method. The referenced period （1961-1980） that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period （1981-2005） that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961-2005 applying double accumulative curve method, mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique. Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff empirical statistical model, impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively. The major results could be summarized as follows： （1） The annual precipitation in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s, the average annual runoff from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970. （2） The annual runoff variations in the drainage basin are significantly related to human activities. （3） During 1981-1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2005 and 1981-2005, the average annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×10^8, 0.28×10^8, 1.10×10^8 and 0.79×10^8 m^3 respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%, 7.13%, 40.71% and 23.79% accordingly. Runoff-reducing effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period.展开更多
In this study, we simulated water flow in a water conservancy project consisting of various hydraulic structures, such as sluices, pumping stations, hydropower stations, ship locks, and culverts, and developed a multi...In this study, we simulated water flow in a water conservancy project consisting of various hydraulic structures, such as sluices, pumping stations, hydropower stations, ship locks, and culverts, and developed a multi-period and multi-variable joint optimization scheduling model for flood control, drainage, and irrigation. In this model, the number of sluice holes, pump units, and hydropower station units to be opened were used as decision variables, and different optimization objectives and constraints were considered. This model was solved with improved genetic algorithms and verified using the Huaian Water Conservancy Project as an example. The results show that the use of the joint optimization scheduling led to a 10% increase in the power generation capacity and a 15% reduction in the total energy consumption. The change in the water level was reduced by 0.25 m upstream of the Yundong Sluice, and by 50% downstream of pumping stations No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4. It is clear that the joint optimization scheduling proposed in this study can effectively improve power generation capacity of the project, minimize operating costs and energy consumption, and enable more stable operation of various hydraulic structures. The results may provide references for the management of water conservancy projects in complex river networks.展开更多
Water regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River was chosen as a case to investigate variations in concentrations and bioavailability of heavy metals caused by water conservancy projects in rivers. Wat...Water regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River was chosen as a case to investigate variations in concentrations and bioavailability of heavy metals caused by water conservancy projects in rivers. Water and suspended sediment（SPS） samples were collected at downstream sampling sites along the river during this period. Concentrations and speciation of Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb in water and SPS samples were analyzed, and their bioaccumulation was studied with Daphnia magna. This study indicated that the exchangeable and carbonatebound fractions of heavy metals in SPS decreased along the studied stretch, and the dissolved heavy metal concentrations increased along the river with 1.6–15 folds. This is because sediment resuspension increased along the river during water regulation, giving rise to the increase of heavy metal release from SPS. The dissolved Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb concentrations were significantly positively correlated with SPS concentrations, and their increase along the river was greater than Cr. The body burdens of heavy metals in D. magna exposed into samples collected from the reservoir outlet were 1.3–3.0 times lower than those from downstream stations, suggesting that the heavy metal bioavailability increased during water regulation.This should be considered in the reservoir operation.展开更多
The conditions for the positive operation of water conservancy projects are described in this paper. A scientific and effective evaluation index system was established based on frequency analysis, theoretical analysis...The conditions for the positive operation of water conservancy projects are described in this paper. A scientific and effective evaluation index system was established based on frequency analysis, theoretical analysis, and expert consultation. This evaluation index system can be divided into six first-level indices： the degree to which facilities are intact and functionality standards are reached, the status of operation and management funds, the rationality and degree of advancement of the management team structure, the adaptability and rationality of the water conservancy project management system, the degree of automatization and informationization of the management techniques, and the conduciveness of the exterior environment. The weights for evaluation indices were obtained through the analytic hierarchy process method with consideration of the difference between public welfare and profit-oriented water conservancy projects. This study provides a scientific method for evaluating the positive operation of water conservancy projects.展开更多
The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological ...The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological effects, and so on. However, indices for evaluating the modernization of water conservancy project management are usually unobtainable in practical applications. Conducting appropriate extension of the classical rough set theory and then applying it to an incomplete information system are the key to the application of the rough set theory Based on analysis of some extended rough set models in incomplete information systems, a rough set model based on the θ-improved limited tolerance relation is put forward. At the same time, upper approximation and lower approximation are defined under this improved relation. According to the evaluation index system and management practices, the threshold for θ is defined. An example study indicates the practicability and maneuverability of the model.展开更多
For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitorin...For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitoring sensors are employed in a majority of engineering projects. These sensors are used to monitor the project during the dam construction and operation periods, and play an important role in reservoir safety operation and producing benefits. With the changing of operating environments and run-time of projects, there are some factors affecting the operation and management of projects, such as a certain amount of damaged sensors and instability of the measured data. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate existing safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects. However, there are neither standards nor evaluation guidelines at present. Based on engineering practice, this study examined some key techniques for the evaluation of safety monitoring sensors, including the evaluation process of the safety monitoring system, on-site detection methods of two typical pieces of equipment, the differential resistor sensor and vibrating wire sensor, the on-site detection methods of communication cable faults, and a validity test of the sensor measured data. These key techniques were applied in the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project and Xiaoxi Hydropower Project. The results show that the measured data of a majority of sensors are reliable and reasonable, and can reasonably reflect the structural change behavior in the project operating process, indicating that the availabilities of the safety monitoring sensors of the two projects are high展开更多
The major problem of rural water conservancy facilities during its management and maintenance is in the "been used, under no control" state. And the main reasons of this state are the public belonging proper...The major problem of rural water conservancy facilities during its management and maintenance is in the "been used, under no control" state. And the main reasons of this state are the public belonging property, investment by a single subject, and lack of effective supervision and management mechanism. Since rural water conservancy facilities is used in small scale and has the features of rural "acquaintances community", a balanced long-term interest mechanism for the management and maintenance of rural water conservancy facilities is established for interest-related parties. On short-term view, the most effective measure is to bring the operational status of rural water conservancy facilities into the evaluation indicators of the local government.展开更多
Hydrological data on the Upper Qingjiang River from 1960 to 2012 document trends of runoff caused by hydropower engineering projects and long-term changes in rainfall. Annual runoff correlates strongly with annual pre...Hydrological data on the Upper Qingjiang River from 1960 to 2012 document trends of runoff caused by hydropower engineering projects and long-term changes in rainfall. Annual runoff correlates strongly with annual precipitation, but is significantly reduced after reservoir construction compared to earlier values. Comparisons of intense, pre- and post-construction rainfall events suggest that the Chebahe and Dalongtan reservoir projects respectively clips the magnitude of the flood peaks and delays runoff delivery.展开更多
Water conservancy and other construction projects need good anti-seepage performance as well as stability and earthquake resistance. In recent years, due to the development of national economy and the wide application...Water conservancy and other construction projects need good anti-seepage performance as well as stability and earthquake resistance. In recent years, due to the development of national economy and the wide application of tap water, the application and demand for water conservancy technology have become higher and higher. However, in order to avoid water leakage, construction personnel must carry out corresponding technical protection to prevent huge economic losses and potential safety hazards.展开更多
文摘As the country with the highest number of dams in the world,China’s dam safety management and risk control are crucial to public safety and economic development.This paper systematically analyzes the current status of dam safety in China,explores the causes of accidents such as design and construction defects,poor operation management,the impact of natural disasters,and proposes comprehensive dam safety management measures based on these analyses.
文摘Small-scale farmland water conservancy projects are crucial infrastructure for ensuring agricultural production and enhancing water resource utilization efficiency,with their water-saving benefits directly linked to national food security and sustainable agricultural development.This study focuses on small-scale farmland water conservancy projects in China,identifying issues such as aging facilities,outdated technology,and management deficiencies through field research and data analysis.Targeted pathways for enhancing water-saving efficiency are proposed from three dimensions:engineering technology optimization,management mechanism innovation,and policy support.Research indicates that by promoting efficient water-saving technologies,establishing a diversified management model,and improving policy incentive mechanisms,the irrigation water utilization coefficient of small-scale farmland water conservancy projects can be increased by 0.1-0.15,and water consumption per unit area of farmland can be reduced by 15-20%.The findings provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the quality improvement and water-saving enhancement of small-scale farmland water conservancy projects in China.
文摘With the development of our country’s social economy,the construction scale of water conservancy project has had an obvious expansion.In the construction of water conservancy projects,certain impacts on the surrounding water and soil conditions are inevitable.These impacts may lead to problems such as soil erosion,which can directly affect local production,livelihoods,and the natural ecological environment on which people depend.In severe cases,such issues may even hinder the progress and quality of the water conservancy project itself.Therefore,in the construction of water conservancy projects,soil and water conservation work is extremely important.Based on this,this paper mainly aimed at the prevention and control of water and soil conservation of water conservancy projects launched the relevant analysis and research.
基金Shihezi University Education and Teaching Reform Project(Project No.:JGY-2023-11)Shihezi University Teaching Achievement Award Cultivation Project。
文摘Innovation and entrepreneurship education is an important part of higher education.It adapts to the current era background of mass innovation and entrepreneurship,and is also an effective way for higher education to cultivate all-round developing talents.From the perspective of current higher education,many colleges and universities attach importance to basic education,but their cultivation of students’innovation and entrepreneurship abilities is relatively insufficient;some colleges and universities have a relatively superficial understanding of innovation and entrepreneurship,showing the characteristics of emphasizing theory over practice,and the teaching reform is indeed ineffective.The teaching concept of integration of industry and education emphasizes that enterprises are an important subject in talent cultivation,injecting new vitality into the development of the innovation and entrepreneurship curriculum system for water conservancy majors in colleges and universities.Against this background,guided by the teaching concept of integration of industry and education,this paper explores the important role of strengthening innovation and entrepreneurship education for water conservancy majors,and then deeply explores corresponding teaching strategies,aiming to improve the quality of innovation education for water conservancy students,cultivate their good innovation awareness and entrepreneurship ability,enhance their comprehensive quality,and deliver all-round developing water conservancy talents.
基金Supported by Key Project of the"14 th Five-year"Plan for Education Science in Heilongjiang Province in 2022(GJB1422016).
文摘The construction of new agricultural science requires the use of modern scientific and technological means to transform and enhance current agricultural related majors.The agricultural water conservancy engineering major,with its inherent disciplinary advantages,plays an indispensable and important role in the construction of new agricultural science.In recent years,the lack of professional cognitive education has gradually become a significant problem in the training of talents in agricultural water conservancy engineering.Therefore,this paper deeply analyzes the problems and reasons faced by professional cognitive education,and proposes specific educational strategies for several key aspects such as enrollment promotion,freshman enrollment education,construction of teacher team,combination of scientific research and teaching,and strengthening professional cognition through competition activities.It aims to provide reference for improving the quality of professional cognitive education and exploring effective ways.
文摘As a vital infrastructure initiative with significant impacts on national development and public welfare,water conservancy projects play an essential role in advancing agricultural development and mitigating losses caused by flooding.However,these projects often require substantial investments and extended construction periods,leading to the inevitable emergence of various financial risks during implementation.This paper aims to explore the current challenges in financial risk management of the S water conservancy project,offering practical management strategies and solutions to address these financial difficulties.Through a detailed assessment and analysis of the S water conservancy project,the study seeks to provide valuable references and insights for similar projects to better manage financial risks,ensuring their smooth progression and successful completion.The proposed control measures are designed not only to effectively mitigate the financial risks specific to the S water conservancy project but also to offer actionable lessons for other similar projects.By promoting and applying these measures,the overall financial management capabilities of the industry can be enhanced,providing robust support for the sustainable development of water conservancy projects.
基金Supported by Special Scientific and Technological Program of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology: " Key Techniques of Flood Disaster and Risk Management in the Fuhe River Basin"(2011BBG70031-3)~~
文摘Through analyzing influence of urban development and construction on ecological water conservancy landscapes,common ecological problems of existing water conservancy landscapes were explored.Causes responsible for these problems were summarized as poor knowledge about ecology,unclear objective of construction,water conservancy projects violating the principle of conserving and restoring ecological conditions,and degraded biodiversity of water environment.It was stressed that ecological construction of water conservancy landscapes should break traditional water conservancy concepts,adopt ecological treatment and build ecological landscapes;geomorphic,hydrological and hydraulic of original river systems should be maintained as much as possible;sewage not discharged to natural water directly;water circulation enhanced to promote self-purification capacity of water;necessary purification measures adopted for rivers and lakes.On the basis of above strategies,construction of ecological water conservancy landscapes in Nanchang City was taken for example to analyze problems in the previous construction and present achievements,then principles to be followed in the future construction and protection of ecological water conservancy landscapes in Nanchang City were proposed.
文摘Water conservancy project is a very complex system engineering, and water seepage is inevitable during its construction. Seepage control technology is one of the important components in water conservancy and hydropower construction. It can reduce the waste of water resources, reduce environmental pollution and energy consumption, and play a positive role;At the same time, it also has a certain impact and improvement effect on people's quality of life;Combined with practical cases, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of anti-seepage measures in the specific application, and puts forward corresponding suggestions: Strengthen the design concept, reasonably control the cost of construction materials, strengthen project management, improve the quality level of construction personnel and management personnel, and standardize the operation process.
文摘In modern society, the level of science and technology is constantly improving and the requirements for hydropower are getting higher and higher. Strengthening the construction of water conservancy projects is of great significance to ensuring peoples livelihood and promoting sustainable development. In water conservancy and hydropower projects, it should be necessary to pay attention to the application of technology, actively introduce advanced modern technology, accurately grasp the key of the project;ensure the safe, stable and stable operation of water conservancy project, ensure the economic benefits of the development of water conservancy and water conservancy and achieve the win-win economic and social benefits.
文摘In the process of agricultural production, the relationship between land consolidation and irrigation and water conservancy is very close. Irrigation and water conservancy design is more scientific and reasonable, so the efficiency of agricultural production is likely to be improved. In land consolidation, the design and arrangement of irrigation and water conservancy has played a vital role. So the irrigation and water conservancy project construction from the early design to use to strictly check, every link should be accurate after put into use also want to strengthen maintenance and maintenance, to ensure the normal operation of water conservancy projects.
文摘Taking the Chaohe River Basin above the Miyun Reservoir in North China as a study area, the characteristics and variation trends of annual runoff and annual precipitation during 1961-2005 were analyzed applying Mann-Kendall test method on the basis of the hydrologic data of the major hydrological station （Xiahui Station） located at the outlet of the drainage basin and the meteorological data of 17 rainfall stations. Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water diversion as well as implementation of soil and water conservation from 1961 to 2005 were carefully studied using time series contrasting method. The referenced period （1961-1980） that influenced slightly by human activities and the compared period （1981-2005） that influenced significantly by water conservancy and soil conservation measures were identified according to the runoff variation process analysis and abrupt change points detection during 1961-2005 applying double accumulative curve method, mean shift t-test method and Mann-Kendall mutation test technique. Based on the establishment of a rainfall-runoff empirical statistical model, impacts and the runoff-reducing effects of water conservancy and soil conservation measures on runoff reduction were evaluated quantitatively. The major results could be summarized as follows： （1） The annual precipitation in the drainage basin tends to decrease while the runoff has declined markedly since the 1960s, the average annual runoff from 1991 to 2000 was only 90.9% in proportion to that from 1961 to 1970. （2） The annual runoff variations in the drainage basin are significantly related to human activities. （3） During 1981-1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2005 and 1981-2005, the average annual runoff reduction amounts were 1.15×10^8, 0.28×10^8, 1.10×10^8 and 0.79×10^8 m^3 respectively and the average annual runoff-reducing effects were 31.99%, 7.13%, 40.71% and 23.79% accordingly. Runoff-reducing effects by water conservancy and soil conservation measures are more prominent in the low water period.
基金supported by the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2012041)the Jiangsu Province Ordinary University Graduate Student Research Innovation Project(Grant No.CXZZ13_0256)
文摘In this study, we simulated water flow in a water conservancy project consisting of various hydraulic structures, such as sluices, pumping stations, hydropower stations, ship locks, and culverts, and developed a multi-period and multi-variable joint optimization scheduling model for flood control, drainage, and irrigation. In this model, the number of sluice holes, pump units, and hydropower station units to be opened were used as decision variables, and different optimization objectives and constraints were considered. This model was solved with improved genetic algorithms and verified using the Huaian Water Conservancy Project as an example. The results show that the use of the joint optimization scheduling led to a 10% increase in the power generation capacity and a 15% reduction in the total energy consumption. The change in the water level was reduced by 0.25 m upstream of the Yundong Sluice, and by 50% downstream of pumping stations No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4. It is clear that the joint optimization scheduling proposed in this study can effectively improve power generation capacity of the project, minimize operating costs and energy consumption, and enable more stable operation of various hydraulic structures. The results may provide references for the management of water conservancy projects in complex river networks.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0605001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91547207)the Fund for Innovative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51721093)
文摘Water regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River was chosen as a case to investigate variations in concentrations and bioavailability of heavy metals caused by water conservancy projects in rivers. Water and suspended sediment（SPS） samples were collected at downstream sampling sites along the river during this period. Concentrations and speciation of Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb in water and SPS samples were analyzed, and their bioaccumulation was studied with Daphnia magna. This study indicated that the exchangeable and carbonatebound fractions of heavy metals in SPS decreased along the studied stretch, and the dissolved heavy metal concentrations increased along the river with 1.6–15 folds. This is because sediment resuspension increased along the river during water regulation, giving rise to the increase of heavy metal release from SPS. The dissolved Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb concentrations were significantly positively correlated with SPS concentrations, and their increase along the river was greater than Cr. The body burdens of heavy metals in D. magna exposed into samples collected from the reservoir outlet were 1.3–3.0 times lower than those from downstream stations, suggesting that the heavy metal bioavailability increased during water regulation.This should be considered in the reservoir operation.
文摘The conditions for the positive operation of water conservancy projects are described in this paper. A scientific and effective evaluation index system was established based on frequency analysis, theoretical analysis, and expert consultation. This evaluation index system can be divided into six first-level indices： the degree to which facilities are intact and functionality standards are reached, the status of operation and management funds, the rationality and degree of advancement of the management team structure, the adaptability and rationality of the water conservancy project management system, the degree of automatization and informationization of the management techniques, and the conduciveness of the exterior environment. The weights for evaluation indices were obtained through the analytic hierarchy process method with consideration of the difference between public welfare and profit-oriented water conservancy projects. This study provides a scientific method for evaluating the positive operation of water conservancy projects.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2013B102008)the Open Fund of the Yellow River Committee(Grant No.2011535012)
文摘The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological effects, and so on. However, indices for evaluating the modernization of water conservancy project management are usually unobtainable in practical applications. Conducting appropriate extension of the classical rough set theory and then applying it to an incomplete information system are the key to the application of the rough set theory Based on analysis of some extended rough set models in incomplete information systems, a rough set model based on the θ-improved limited tolerance relation is put forward. At the same time, upper approximation and lower approximation are defined under this improved relation. According to the evaluation index system and management practices, the threshold for θ is defined. An example study indicates the practicability and maneuverability of the model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51179108and50909066)the Key Research Foundation of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute(Grant No.Y711007)
文摘For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitoring sensors are employed in a majority of engineering projects. These sensors are used to monitor the project during the dam construction and operation periods, and play an important role in reservoir safety operation and producing benefits. With the changing of operating environments and run-time of projects, there are some factors affecting the operation and management of projects, such as a certain amount of damaged sensors and instability of the measured data. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate existing safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects. However, there are neither standards nor evaluation guidelines at present. Based on engineering practice, this study examined some key techniques for the evaluation of safety monitoring sensors, including the evaluation process of the safety monitoring system, on-site detection methods of two typical pieces of equipment, the differential resistor sensor and vibrating wire sensor, the on-site detection methods of communication cable faults, and a validity test of the sensor measured data. These key techniques were applied in the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project and Xiaoxi Hydropower Project. The results show that the measured data of a majority of sensors are reliable and reasonable, and can reasonably reflect the structural change behavior in the project operating process, indicating that the availabilities of the safety monitoring sensors of the two projects are high
文摘The major problem of rural water conservancy facilities during its management and maintenance is in the "been used, under no control" state. And the main reasons of this state are the public belonging property, investment by a single subject, and lack of effective supervision and management mechanism. Since rural water conservancy facilities is used in small scale and has the features of rural "acquaintances community", a balanced long-term interest mechanism for the management and maintenance of rural water conservancy facilities is established for interest-related parties. On short-term view, the most effective measure is to bring the operational status of rural water conservancy facilities into the evaluation indicators of the local government.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31460132)the Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (No. Q20122901)
文摘Hydrological data on the Upper Qingjiang River from 1960 to 2012 document trends of runoff caused by hydropower engineering projects and long-term changes in rainfall. Annual runoff correlates strongly with annual precipitation, but is significantly reduced after reservoir construction compared to earlier values. Comparisons of intense, pre- and post-construction rainfall events suggest that the Chebahe and Dalongtan reservoir projects respectively clips the magnitude of the flood peaks and delays runoff delivery.
文摘Water conservancy and other construction projects need good anti-seepage performance as well as stability and earthquake resistance. In recent years, due to the development of national economy and the wide application of tap water, the application and demand for water conservancy technology have become higher and higher. However, in order to avoid water leakage, construction personnel must carry out corresponding technical protection to prevent huge economic losses and potential safety hazards.
