Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D in-house.Yet,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(...Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D in-house.Yet,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(Mazzucato,2013).展开更多
The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation...The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation of glucose (D-glucose)-and glycogen in astrocytes-to pyruvate by glycolysis and subsequent conversion of pyruvate to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase(Figure 1A;Dienel,2019;Rae et al.,2024).展开更多
The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and rev...The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.展开更多
Behavior analysts have long recognized the need to increase at least one behavior when attempting to decrease another and usually focus primarily upon increasing a wide variety of behaviors(White&Haring,1980).But ...Behavior analysts have long recognized the need to increase at least one behavior when attempting to decrease another and usually focus primarily upon increasing a wide variety of behaviors(White&Haring,1980).But the strengthening of any behavior relative to another is not necessarily simple and records of empirically supported treatment options can be interpreted in an over-simplified manner.The current paper attempts to connect various treatment options across behaviors through a common principle-levels of one behavior will tend to increase and levels of another will tend to decrease when the first behavior is made more efficient than the second.The primary objective of the current paper is to articulate a wide variety of variable dimensions available to behavior analysts,teachers,and other professionals responsible for behavior change.In complex environments,many factors are beyond our control and many treatment options are non-viable.The greater the variety of treatment options available,the“larger the analyst’s toolbox”,the greater the chance that viable treatments will be found and that ineffective strategies can be effectively modified before being set aside.One recurring theme is that various forms of response blocking can and should be minimized and replaced with strategies that make more desirable behavior more efficient than less desirable behavior,leading learners to“choose”more desirable behavior.An additional objective of the paper is to reframe the debate about whether it is appropriate to use extinction or punishment,wherein those strategies are frequently interpreted in absolute terms,in relation to decreasing undesirable behaviors,and inevitably result in negative side effects.A more nuanced discussion about extinction and punishment considers the extent to which parametric applications of either might be appropriate to make a less desirable behavior less efficient than a more desirable behavior and includes the potential impact upon increasing desirable behaviors.展开更多
The caption of Figure 5 should be:Wind/WAVES type II burst starting around 14 MHz(∼12:05 UT,2017 September 6)and continuing down to∼100 kHz(09:00 UT,2017 September 7).The end time is marked by the short vertical lin...The caption of Figure 5 should be:Wind/WAVES type II burst starting around 14 MHz(∼12:05 UT,2017 September 6)and continuing down to∼100 kHz(09:00 UT,2017 September 7).The end time is marked by the short vertical line with its length indicating the bandwidth(70-130 kHz).The horizontal error bars signify the end time uncertainty.The vertical dashed line marks the SGRE end(06:28 UT,September 7);the horizontal dashed line represents the gamma-ray background.The shock arrival time at 1 au is labeled“SH”(Gopalswamy et al.2018).展开更多
To the Editor:Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a promising ablative technique for hepatobiliary cancers.IRE has unique advantages,including no detrimental heat sink effect[1]and no injury of the surrounding tissues...To the Editor:Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a promising ablative technique for hepatobiliary cancers.IRE has unique advantages,including no detrimental heat sink effect[1]and no injury of the surrounding tissues[2].For lesions in complex areas,bile duct[3],and large blood vessels[4],IRE has been developed as an alternative to thermal ablation such as radiofrequency and microwave.The IRE tumor ablative technique combines cell biology and pulsed high-voltage engineering.Repeated high-voltage,high-frequency and transient pulses can create irreversible electroporation in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane and nuclear envelope,resulting in cell apoptosis.Compared with radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation[5],IRE does not cause damage to important vessels and ducts.IRE has some unique shortcomings in delivering high currents,which has limited its clinical applications in the past.In animal and clinical studies,side effects including muscle contraction,procedural hypertension,and arrhythmia are frequently reported[6].However,during the ablation process,if the pulse is synchronized with the heart rhythm,the risk of arrhythmia is reduced.Sufficient muscle relaxant eliminates muscle contraction.Still,arrhythmia[7],hypertension[8],and myocardial infarction[9]are potential risks requiring proper precautions.These adverse events are mostly moderate and self-limiting,but they may have serious consequences for patients with coronary artery disease.Due to the potential risks,patients with a history of cardiovascular disease are not recommended for IRE treatment.展开更多
Noise pollution has been shown to affect wild animals in various ways,but little is known about its consequences at the community level.Investigating animals’overall vocal responses to noise across multiple sympatric...Noise pollution has been shown to affect wild animals in various ways,but little is known about its consequences at the community level.Investigating animals’overall vocal responses to noise across multiple sympatric species can reveal the complex nature of noise impacts butis challenging.In this study,we employed social network analysis(SNA)to evaluate how anuran communities and populations vary their calling behaviors in response to aircraft noise.SNA of anuran communities revealed that conspecifc individuals increase the aggregation of theirspectral(i.e.,minimum frequency,maximum frequency,and dominant frequency),temporal(call duration,call rate,and call effort),and overallspectral-temporal features as an airplane passes through.SNA of populations also revealed that anurans could increase the interindividual similarity of multiple call characteristics in response to airplane noise.Furthermore,our network analysis of multiple species and multiple call traitsrevealed an effect of noise in species whose calling behavior did not change in previous separate analyses of each species and single traits.Thisstudy suggests that noise pollution may change the pattern of combined acoustic properties at the community level.Our fndings highlight theimportance of integrated methods and theories for understanding the ecological consequences of noise pollution in future studies.展开更多
The thermal nanofluids have garnered widespread attention for their use in multiple thermal systems,including heating processes,sustainable energy,and nuclear reactions.Research on nanofluids has revealed that the the...The thermal nanofluids have garnered widespread attention for their use in multiple thermal systems,including heating processes,sustainable energy,and nuclear reactions.Research on nanofluids has revealed that the thermal efficiencies of such materials are adversely affected by various thermal features.The purpose of the current work is to demonstrate the thermal analysis of Jeffrey nanofluids with the suspension of microorganisms in the presence of variable thermal sources.The variable effects of thermal conductivity,Brownian diffusivity,and motile density are utilized.The investigated model also reveals the contributions of radiation phenomena and chemical reactions.A porous,saturated,moving surface with a suction phenomenon promotes flow.The modeling of the problem is based on the implementation of the Cattaneo-Christov approach.The convective thermal constraints are used to promote the heat transfer features.A simplified form of the governing model is treated with the assistance of a shooting technique.The physical effects of different parameters for the problem are presented.The current problem justifies its applications in heat transfer,coating processes,heat exchangers,cooling systems in microelectronics,solar systems,chemical processes,etc.展开更多
Flammable gas leakage in a semi-enclosed scenario can lead to catastrophic consequences,such as vapor cloud explosions.To reduce casualties and environmental damage,predicting the consequences based on the initial con...Flammable gas leakage in a semi-enclosed scenario can lead to catastrophic consequences,such as vapor cloud explosions.To reduce casualties and environmental damage,predicting the consequences based on the initial concentration time series monitored by sensors is of paramount importance.This paper proposes a consequence prediction model based on deep learning using variable-length concentration time series.Incomplete concentration values are padded and then passed through a masking layer,enabling the network to focus exclusively on valid data.The temporal correlations are extracted using a long short-term memory(LSTM)network,and the final prediction results are obtained by passing these features into a feedforward neural network(FNN).Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software was used to simulate the leakage of hydrogen-mixed natural gas.Experiments were carried out for nine distinct prediction targets,derived from combinations of the mass and centroid coordinates of vapor clouds formed by various gases.These prediction targets were modeled using both fixed-length and variable-length input sequences.The high accuracy of the experimental results validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Following the Enlightenment,the principle of human rights protection promoted the transition of criminal justice systems from“punitiveness”to“penal humanitarianism.”However,in the second half of the 20th century,t...Following the Enlightenment,the principle of human rights protection promoted the transition of criminal justice systems from“punitiveness”to“penal humanitarianism.”However,in the second half of the 20th century,the United States and the United Kingdom witnessed the rise of“new punitiveness,”which is characterized by mass incarceration,a punitive turn in community supervision,and numerous collateral consequences of criminal offences.New punitiveness did not emerge from a unified movement or agenda but was driven by changes in crime control philosophies,adjustments in criminal laws,and the initiation of criminal justice campaigns against a backdrop of perceived severe public safety deterioration.Its deeper causes can be traced to the dominance of neoliberalism in economics,the unprecedented alignment of political elites and public attitudes under electoral and partisan politics,and traditional class control mechanisms targeting specific identity groups.Studying new punitiveness can offer valuable insights for identifying potential risks in China’s criminal justice system at both theoretical and practical levels,while providing methodological inspiration for advancing interdisciplinary research.展开更多
The external draft of Harmonized Common Structural Rules(CSR-H) for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers has been released for external review. Based on a consistent methodology at the adoption of the current CSR, CSR-H aims...The external draft of Harmonized Common Structural Rules(CSR-H) for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers has been released for external review. Based on a consistent methodology at the adoption of the current CSR, CSR-H aims to be in compliance with the IMO GBS where GBS functional requirements fall within the scope, and the safety level is equivalent to or higher than the current CSR criteria. In this paper, by consequence assessment on a 320k VLCC, a 163k Suezmax tanker, a 115k Aframax tanker, a 76k Panamax tanker and a 48k MR tanker, the results of the comparison on the structural scantlings to CSR, the evaluation on the increasing of steel weight and some critical technique issues are discussed.展开更多
A hybrid material of carbon microspheres（CMSs） with Ag decoration（Ag/CMSs） was developed.Poly（3-hexylthiophene）：Ag/CMSs composite film was prepared by spin-coating.Scanning electron microscopy,transmission elec...A hybrid material of carbon microspheres（CMSs） with Ag decoration（Ag/CMSs） was developed.Poly（3-hexylthiophene）：Ag/CMSs composite film was prepared by spin-coating.Scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis and cyclic voltammetry were employed to analyze the morphologies,structures,thermal properties and energy levels of Ag/CMSs.The optical property of the composite films was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescent spectrometry.The results indicate that silver nanoparticles（AgNPs,d = 10-20 nm） are distributed on the surface of CMSs.LUMO and HOMO energy levels of Ag/CMSs are-3.97 and-5.52 e V,below the vacuum energy level,respectively,indicating that it is feasible to use Ag/CMSs as an electron acceptor.Ag NPs are blended into the active layer to trigger localized surface plasmon resonance,and consequently enhance light harvesting.The coupling of surface plasmons and excitons increased the probability of exciton dissociation.展开更多
The Republican seizure of Congress majority(53 seats in the 100-seat Senateand 230 out of 435 House seats)put an end to a 40-year House domination bythe Democrats and consequently their simultaneous control of both th...The Republican seizure of Congress majority(53 seats in the 100-seat Senateand 230 out of 435 House seats)put an end to a 40-year House domination bythe Democrats and consequently their simultaneous control of both the presidencyand the legislature.This will mean tighter congressional restraints over Bill Clintonin the two remaining years of his presidency.What is more,the Republicans alsowon 31 of 50 governorships and their gains include 8 of the 10 crucial biggest statessuch as California,New York and Texas,a situation bound to make great impacton the 1996 presidential race.展开更多
We deal with complete hypersurfaces immersed in a semi-Riemannian warped product of the type eI×f Mn,where Mn is a connected n-dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold.When the fiber Mn is complete with sectional...We deal with complete hypersurfaces immersed in a semi-Riemannian warped product of the type eI×f Mn,where Mn is a connected n-dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold.When the fiber Mn is complete with sectional curvature-k≤KM for some positive constant k,under appropriate restrictions on the norm of the gradient of the height function h,we proceed with our technique in order to guarantee that complete hypersurface immersed in a semi-Riemannian warped product is a slice.Our approach is based on the well known generalized maximum principle and another suitable maximum principle at the infinity due to Yau.展开更多
Based on the principles of rock mass mechanics, the author analyzed in detail several main influence factors resulting of water gush in Zibo coal field. A basic law is presented in this paper.In large quantity of wate...Based on the principles of rock mass mechanics, the author analyzed in detail several main influence factors resulting of water gush in Zibo coal field. A basic law is presented in this paper.In large quantity of water gush facts prove that the ends of microcracks within coal bed floor are the major locations concentrating stress, and consequently the weak points leading to water gush.This should be carefully taken account when a critical hydraulic pressure equation is constructed.The Griffith’s intensity condilion presupposing microcrocks exist is media, therefore,is applied to the determination of the critical hydraulic pres.pressure equation of the extremely easy rupture points within the floor of mining area in Zibo coal field.There is equation as follows:展开更多
We sought to determine risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia and to explore the long-term consequence of infant macrosomia at the age of 7 years.A prospective population based cohort study was designed to exam...We sought to determine risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia and to explore the long-term consequence of infant macrosomia at the age of 7 years.A prospective population based cohort study was designed to examine the associations between maternal and perinatal characteristics and the risk of macrosomia.A nested case-control study was conducted to explore the long-term health consequence of infant macrosomia.The mean maternal age of the macrosomia group was 24.74±3.32 years,which is slightly older than that in the control group（24.35±3.14 years,P = 0.000）.The mean maternal body mass index（BMI） at early pregnancy was 22.75±2.81 kg/m 2,which was also higher than that in the control group（21.76±2.59 kg/m 2,P = 0.000）.About 64.6% of macrosomic neonates were males,compared with 51.0% in the control group（P = 0.000）.Compared with women with normal weight（BMI：18.5-23.9 kg/m 2）,women who were overweight（BMI：24-27.9 kg/m 2） or obese（BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2）,respectively,had a 1.69-fold（P = 0.000） and a 1.49-fold（P = 0.000） increased risks of having a neonate with macrosomia,while light weight（BMI〈18.5 kg/m 2） women had an approximately 50% reduction of the risk.Furthermore,macrosomia infant had a 1.52-fold and 1.50-fold risk,respectively,of developing overweight or obesity at the age of 7 years（P = 0.001 and P = 0.000）.Older maternal age,higher maternal BMI at early pregnancy and male gender were independent risk factors of macrosomia.Macrosomic infant was associated with an increased predisposition to develop overweight or obesity at the beginning of their childhood.展开更多
Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.Within the bone,osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors,however,there...Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.Within the bone,osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors,however,there are conflicting reports on the effects of adiponectin on bone formation and turnover.Many studies have shown a pro-osteogenic role for adiponectin in in vivo murine models and in vitro:with increased osteoblast differentiation and activity,alongside lower levels of osteoclastogenesis.However,human studies often demonstrate an inverse relationship between adiponectin concentration and bone activity.Moreover,the presence of multiple isoforms of adiponectin and multiple receptor subtypes has the potential to lead to more complex signalling and functional consequences.As such,we still do not fully understand the importance of the adiponectin signalling pathway in regulating bone homeostasis and repair in health,with age and in disease.In this review,we explore our current understanding of adiponectin bioactivity in the bone;the significance of its different isoforms;and how adiponectin biology is altered in disease.Ultimately,furthering our understanding of adiponectin regulation of bone biology is key to developing pharmacological and non-pharmacological(lifestyle)interventions that target adiponectin signalling to boost bone growth and repair in healthy ageing,following injury or in disease.展开更多
This paper determines a delta inference operator C based on the notion of reasonable consequence of Adams′ system and studies its properties. It shows another approach to study inductive and probabilistic reasoning.
基金funded by the FWO(1S34321N)the Fondation Charcot Stichting(to TV and RS)。
文摘Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D in-house.Yet,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(Mazzucato,2013).
文摘The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation of glucose (D-glucose)-and glycogen in astrocytes-to pyruvate by glycolysis and subsequent conversion of pyruvate to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase(Figure 1A;Dienel,2019;Rae et al.,2024).
文摘The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.
文摘Behavior analysts have long recognized the need to increase at least one behavior when attempting to decrease another and usually focus primarily upon increasing a wide variety of behaviors(White&Haring,1980).But the strengthening of any behavior relative to another is not necessarily simple and records of empirically supported treatment options can be interpreted in an over-simplified manner.The current paper attempts to connect various treatment options across behaviors through a common principle-levels of one behavior will tend to increase and levels of another will tend to decrease when the first behavior is made more efficient than the second.The primary objective of the current paper is to articulate a wide variety of variable dimensions available to behavior analysts,teachers,and other professionals responsible for behavior change.In complex environments,many factors are beyond our control and many treatment options are non-viable.The greater the variety of treatment options available,the“larger the analyst’s toolbox”,the greater the chance that viable treatments will be found and that ineffective strategies can be effectively modified before being set aside.One recurring theme is that various forms of response blocking can and should be minimized and replaced with strategies that make more desirable behavior more efficient than less desirable behavior,leading learners to“choose”more desirable behavior.An additional objective of the paper is to reframe the debate about whether it is appropriate to use extinction or punishment,wherein those strategies are frequently interpreted in absolute terms,in relation to decreasing undesirable behaviors,and inevitably result in negative side effects.A more nuanced discussion about extinction and punishment considers the extent to which parametric applications of either might be appropriate to make a less desirable behavior less efficient than a more desirable behavior and includes the potential impact upon increasing desirable behaviors.
文摘The caption of Figure 5 should be:Wind/WAVES type II burst starting around 14 MHz(∼12:05 UT,2017 September 6)and continuing down to∼100 kHz(09:00 UT,2017 September 7).The end time is marked by the short vertical line with its length indicating the bandwidth(70-130 kHz).The horizontal error bars signify the end time uncertainty.The vertical dashed line marks the SGRE end(06:28 UT,September 7);the horizontal dashed line represents the gamma-ray background.The shock arrival time at 1 au is labeled“SH”(Gopalswamy et al.2018).
基金supported by grants from the National S&T Ma-jor Project of China (2018ZX10301201)National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (82027803)。
文摘To the Editor:Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a promising ablative technique for hepatobiliary cancers.IRE has unique advantages,including no detrimental heat sink effect[1]and no injury of the surrounding tissues[2].For lesions in complex areas,bile duct[3],and large blood vessels[4],IRE has been developed as an alternative to thermal ablation such as radiofrequency and microwave.The IRE tumor ablative technique combines cell biology and pulsed high-voltage engineering.Repeated high-voltage,high-frequency and transient pulses can create irreversible electroporation in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane and nuclear envelope,resulting in cell apoptosis.Compared with radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation[5],IRE does not cause damage to important vessels and ducts.IRE has some unique shortcomings in delivering high currents,which has limited its clinical applications in the past.In animal and clinical studies,side effects including muscle contraction,procedural hypertension,and arrhythmia are frequently reported[6].However,during the ablation process,if the pulse is synchronized with the heart rhythm,the risk of arrhythmia is reduced.Sufficient muscle relaxant eliminates muscle contraction.Still,arrhythmia[7],hypertension[8],and myocardial infarction[9]are potential risks requiring proper precautions.These adverse events are mostly moderate and self-limiting,but they may have serious consequences for patients with coronary artery disease.Due to the potential risks,patients with a history of cardiovascular disease are not recommended for IRE treatment.
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(32101240)the NaturalScience Foundation of Hainan Province(2019RC175)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Program in Hainan Province(RC2100004064)the Academician working platform project in Hainan Province.
文摘Noise pollution has been shown to affect wild animals in various ways,but little is known about its consequences at the community level.Investigating animals’overall vocal responses to noise across multiple sympatric species can reveal the complex nature of noise impacts butis challenging.In this study,we employed social network analysis(SNA)to evaluate how anuran communities and populations vary their calling behaviors in response to aircraft noise.SNA of anuran communities revealed that conspecifc individuals increase the aggregation of theirspectral(i.e.,minimum frequency,maximum frequency,and dominant frequency),temporal(call duration,call rate,and call effort),and overallspectral-temporal features as an airplane passes through.SNA of populations also revealed that anurans could increase the interindividual similarity of multiple call characteristics in response to airplane noise.Furthermore,our network analysis of multiple species and multiple call traitsrevealed an effect of noise in species whose calling behavior did not change in previous separate analyses of each species and single traits.Thisstudy suggests that noise pollution may change the pattern of combined acoustic properties at the community level.Our fndings highlight theimportance of integrated methods and theories for understanding the ecological consequences of noise pollution in future studies.
基金appreciation to King Saud University for funding this work through researchers supporting project(No.RSPD2025R1056).
文摘The thermal nanofluids have garnered widespread attention for their use in multiple thermal systems,including heating processes,sustainable energy,and nuclear reactions.Research on nanofluids has revealed that the thermal efficiencies of such materials are adversely affected by various thermal features.The purpose of the current work is to demonstrate the thermal analysis of Jeffrey nanofluids with the suspension of microorganisms in the presence of variable thermal sources.The variable effects of thermal conductivity,Brownian diffusivity,and motile density are utilized.The investigated model also reveals the contributions of radiation phenomena and chemical reactions.A porous,saturated,moving surface with a suction phenomenon promotes flow.The modeling of the problem is based on the implementation of the Cattaneo-Christov approach.The convective thermal constraints are used to promote the heat transfer features.A simplified form of the governing model is treated with the assistance of a shooting technique.The physical effects of different parameters for the problem are presented.The current problem justifies its applications in heat transfer,coating processes,heat exchangers,cooling systems in microelectronics,solar systems,chemical processes,etc.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3305900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373153,62173147)+1 种基金the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(the 111 Project)under Grant B17017Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(222202517006)。
文摘Flammable gas leakage in a semi-enclosed scenario can lead to catastrophic consequences,such as vapor cloud explosions.To reduce casualties and environmental damage,predicting the consequences based on the initial concentration time series monitored by sensors is of paramount importance.This paper proposes a consequence prediction model based on deep learning using variable-length concentration time series.Incomplete concentration values are padded and then passed through a masking layer,enabling the network to focus exclusively on valid data.The temporal correlations are extracted using a long short-term memory(LSTM)network,and the final prediction results are obtained by passing these features into a feedforward neural network(FNN).Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software was used to simulate the leakage of hydrogen-mixed natural gas.Experiments were carried out for nine distinct prediction targets,derived from combinations of the mass and centroid coordinates of vapor clouds formed by various gases.These prediction targets were modeled using both fixed-length and variable-length input sequences.The high accuracy of the experimental results validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金a phased result of the“National Funded Postdoctoral Researchers Program”(GZC20230818).
文摘Following the Enlightenment,the principle of human rights protection promoted the transition of criminal justice systems from“punitiveness”to“penal humanitarianism.”However,in the second half of the 20th century,the United States and the United Kingdom witnessed the rise of“new punitiveness,”which is characterized by mass incarceration,a punitive turn in community supervision,and numerous collateral consequences of criminal offences.New punitiveness did not emerge from a unified movement or agenda but was driven by changes in crime control philosophies,adjustments in criminal laws,and the initiation of criminal justice campaigns against a backdrop of perceived severe public safety deterioration.Its deeper causes can be traced to the dominance of neoliberalism in economics,the unprecedented alignment of political elites and public attitudes under electoral and partisan politics,and traditional class control mechanisms targeting specific identity groups.Studying new punitiveness can offer valuable insights for identifying potential risks in China’s criminal justice system at both theoretical and practical levels,while providing methodological inspiration for advancing interdisciplinary research.
文摘The external draft of Harmonized Common Structural Rules(CSR-H) for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers has been released for external review. Based on a consistent methodology at the adoption of the current CSR, CSR-H aims to be in compliance with the IMO GBS where GBS functional requirements fall within the scope, and the safety level is equivalent to or higher than the current CSR criteria. In this paper, by consequence assessment on a 320k VLCC, a 163k Suezmax tanker, a 115k Aframax tanker, a 76k Panamax tanker and a 48k MR tanker, the results of the comparison on the structural scantlings to CSR, the evaluation on the increasing of steel weight and some critical technique issues are discussed.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21176169)the Shanxi Provincial Key Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology(2012041011,2015013002-10)+1 种基金the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2012DFR50460)the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2012-038)
文摘A hybrid material of carbon microspheres（CMSs） with Ag decoration（Ag/CMSs） was developed.Poly（3-hexylthiophene）：Ag/CMSs composite film was prepared by spin-coating.Scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis and cyclic voltammetry were employed to analyze the morphologies,structures,thermal properties and energy levels of Ag/CMSs.The optical property of the composite films was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescent spectrometry.The results indicate that silver nanoparticles（AgNPs,d = 10-20 nm） are distributed on the surface of CMSs.LUMO and HOMO energy levels of Ag/CMSs are-3.97 and-5.52 e V,below the vacuum energy level,respectively,indicating that it is feasible to use Ag/CMSs as an electron acceptor.Ag NPs are blended into the active layer to trigger localized surface plasmon resonance,and consequently enhance light harvesting.The coupling of surface plasmons and excitons increased the probability of exciton dissociation.
文摘The Republican seizure of Congress majority(53 seats in the 100-seat Senateand 230 out of 435 House seats)put an end to a 40-year House domination bythe Democrats and consequently their simultaneous control of both the presidencyand the legislature.This will mean tighter congressional restraints over Bill Clintonin the two remaining years of his presidency.What is more,the Republicans alsowon 31 of 50 governorships and their gains include 8 of the 10 crucial biggest statessuch as California,New York and Texas,a situation bound to make great impacton the 1996 presidential race.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.1137107611431009)
文摘We deal with complete hypersurfaces immersed in a semi-Riemannian warped product of the type eI×f Mn,where Mn is a connected n-dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold.When the fiber Mn is complete with sectional curvature-k≤KM for some positive constant k,under appropriate restrictions on the norm of the gradient of the height function h,we proceed with our technique in order to guarantee that complete hypersurface immersed in a semi-Riemannian warped product is a slice.Our approach is based on the well known generalized maximum principle and another suitable maximum principle at the infinity due to Yau.
文摘Based on the principles of rock mass mechanics, the author analyzed in detail several main influence factors resulting of water gush in Zibo coal field. A basic law is presented in this paper.In large quantity of water gush facts prove that the ends of microcracks within coal bed floor are the major locations concentrating stress, and consequently the weak points leading to water gush.This should be carefully taken account when a critical hydraulic pressure equation is constructed.The Griffith’s intensity condilion presupposing microcrocks exist is media, therefore,is applied to the determination of the critical hydraulic pres.pressure equation of the extremely easy rupture points within the floor of mining area in Zibo coal field.There is equation as follows:
基金supported by grants from the Jiangsu Birth Defects Intervention Program(No.JS200302)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2008501)
文摘We sought to determine risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia and to explore the long-term consequence of infant macrosomia at the age of 7 years.A prospective population based cohort study was designed to examine the associations between maternal and perinatal characteristics and the risk of macrosomia.A nested case-control study was conducted to explore the long-term health consequence of infant macrosomia.The mean maternal age of the macrosomia group was 24.74±3.32 years,which is slightly older than that in the control group（24.35±3.14 years,P = 0.000）.The mean maternal body mass index（BMI） at early pregnancy was 22.75±2.81 kg/m 2,which was also higher than that in the control group（21.76±2.59 kg/m 2,P = 0.000）.About 64.6% of macrosomic neonates were males,compared with 51.0% in the control group（P = 0.000）.Compared with women with normal weight（BMI：18.5-23.9 kg/m 2）,women who were overweight（BMI：24-27.9 kg/m 2） or obese（BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2）,respectively,had a 1.69-fold（P = 0.000） and a 1.49-fold（P = 0.000） increased risks of having a neonate with macrosomia,while light weight（BMI〈18.5 kg/m 2） women had an approximately 50% reduction of the risk.Furthermore,macrosomia infant had a 1.52-fold and 1.50-fold risk,respectively,of developing overweight or obesity at the age of 7 years（P = 0.001 and P = 0.000）.Older maternal age,higher maternal BMI at early pregnancy and male gender were independent risk factors of macrosomia.Macrosomic infant was associated with an increased predisposition to develop overweight or obesity at the beginning of their childhood.
基金JWL was supported by a MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research PhD studentship(MR/R502364/1)AJN was supported by an Arthritis Research UK Career Development Fellowship(21743).
文摘Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.Within the bone,osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors,however,there are conflicting reports on the effects of adiponectin on bone formation and turnover.Many studies have shown a pro-osteogenic role for adiponectin in in vivo murine models and in vitro:with increased osteoblast differentiation and activity,alongside lower levels of osteoclastogenesis.However,human studies often demonstrate an inverse relationship between adiponectin concentration and bone activity.Moreover,the presence of multiple isoforms of adiponectin and multiple receptor subtypes has the potential to lead to more complex signalling and functional consequences.As such,we still do not fully understand the importance of the adiponectin signalling pathway in regulating bone homeostasis and repair in health,with age and in disease.In this review,we explore our current understanding of adiponectin bioactivity in the bone;the significance of its different isoforms;and how adiponectin biology is altered in disease.Ultimately,furthering our understanding of adiponectin regulation of bone biology is key to developing pharmacological and non-pharmacological(lifestyle)interventions that target adiponectin signalling to boost bone growth and repair in healthy ageing,following injury or in disease.
文摘This paper determines a delta inference operator C based on the notion of reasonable consequence of Adams′ system and studies its properties. It shows another approach to study inductive and probabilistic reasoning.
