Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D in-house.Yet,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(...Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D in-house.Yet,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(Mazzucato,2013).展开更多
The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation...The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation of glucose (D-glucose)-and glycogen in astrocytes-to pyruvate by glycolysis and subsequent conversion of pyruvate to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase(Figure 1A;Dienel,2019;Rae et al.,2024).展开更多
The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and rev...The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.展开更多
Behavior analysts have long recognized the need to increase at least one behavior when attempting to decrease another and usually focus primarily upon increasing a wide variety of behaviors(White&Haring,1980).But ...Behavior analysts have long recognized the need to increase at least one behavior when attempting to decrease another and usually focus primarily upon increasing a wide variety of behaviors(White&Haring,1980).But the strengthening of any behavior relative to another is not necessarily simple and records of empirically supported treatment options can be interpreted in an over-simplified manner.The current paper attempts to connect various treatment options across behaviors through a common principle-levels of one behavior will tend to increase and levels of another will tend to decrease when the first behavior is made more efficient than the second.The primary objective of the current paper is to articulate a wide variety of variable dimensions available to behavior analysts,teachers,and other professionals responsible for behavior change.In complex environments,many factors are beyond our control and many treatment options are non-viable.The greater the variety of treatment options available,the“larger the analyst’s toolbox”,the greater the chance that viable treatments will be found and that ineffective strategies can be effectively modified before being set aside.One recurring theme is that various forms of response blocking can and should be minimized and replaced with strategies that make more desirable behavior more efficient than less desirable behavior,leading learners to“choose”more desirable behavior.An additional objective of the paper is to reframe the debate about whether it is appropriate to use extinction or punishment,wherein those strategies are frequently interpreted in absolute terms,in relation to decreasing undesirable behaviors,and inevitably result in negative side effects.A more nuanced discussion about extinction and punishment considers the extent to which parametric applications of either might be appropriate to make a less desirable behavior less efficient than a more desirable behavior and includes the potential impact upon increasing desirable behaviors.展开更多
The caption of Figure 5 should be:Wind/WAVES type II burst starting around 14 MHz(∼12:05 UT,2017 September 6)and continuing down to∼100 kHz(09:00 UT,2017 September 7).The end time is marked by the short vertical lin...The caption of Figure 5 should be:Wind/WAVES type II burst starting around 14 MHz(∼12:05 UT,2017 September 6)and continuing down to∼100 kHz(09:00 UT,2017 September 7).The end time is marked by the short vertical line with its length indicating the bandwidth(70-130 kHz).The horizontal error bars signify the end time uncertainty.The vertical dashed line marks the SGRE end(06:28 UT,September 7);the horizontal dashed line represents the gamma-ray background.The shock arrival time at 1 au is labeled“SH”(Gopalswamy et al.2018).展开更多
To the Editor:Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a promising ablative technique for hepatobiliary cancers.IRE has unique advantages,including no detrimental heat sink effect[1]and no injury of the surrounding tissues...To the Editor:Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a promising ablative technique for hepatobiliary cancers.IRE has unique advantages,including no detrimental heat sink effect[1]and no injury of the surrounding tissues[2].For lesions in complex areas,bile duct[3],and large blood vessels[4],IRE has been developed as an alternative to thermal ablation such as radiofrequency and microwave.The IRE tumor ablative technique combines cell biology and pulsed high-voltage engineering.Repeated high-voltage,high-frequency and transient pulses can create irreversible electroporation in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane and nuclear envelope,resulting in cell apoptosis.Compared with radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation[5],IRE does not cause damage to important vessels and ducts.IRE has some unique shortcomings in delivering high currents,which has limited its clinical applications in the past.In animal and clinical studies,side effects including muscle contraction,procedural hypertension,and arrhythmia are frequently reported[6].However,during the ablation process,if the pulse is synchronized with the heart rhythm,the risk of arrhythmia is reduced.Sufficient muscle relaxant eliminates muscle contraction.Still,arrhythmia[7],hypertension[8],and myocardial infarction[9]are potential risks requiring proper precautions.These adverse events are mostly moderate and self-limiting,but they may have serious consequences for patients with coronary artery disease.Due to the potential risks,patients with a history of cardiovascular disease are not recommended for IRE treatment.展开更多
Noise pollution has been shown to affect wild animals in various ways,but little is known about its consequences at the community level.Investigating animals’overall vocal responses to noise across multiple sympatric...Noise pollution has been shown to affect wild animals in various ways,but little is known about its consequences at the community level.Investigating animals’overall vocal responses to noise across multiple sympatric species can reveal the complex nature of noise impacts butis challenging.In this study,we employed social network analysis(SNA)to evaluate how anuran communities and populations vary their calling behaviors in response to aircraft noise.SNA of anuran communities revealed that conspecifc individuals increase the aggregation of theirspectral(i.e.,minimum frequency,maximum frequency,and dominant frequency),temporal(call duration,call rate,and call effort),and overallspectral-temporal features as an airplane passes through.SNA of populations also revealed that anurans could increase the interindividual similarity of multiple call characteristics in response to airplane noise.Furthermore,our network analysis of multiple species and multiple call traitsrevealed an effect of noise in species whose calling behavior did not change in previous separate analyses of each species and single traits.Thisstudy suggests that noise pollution may change the pattern of combined acoustic properties at the community level.Our fndings highlight theimportance of integrated methods and theories for understanding the ecological consequences of noise pollution in future studies.展开更多
The thermal nanofluids have garnered widespread attention for their use in multiple thermal systems,including heating processes,sustainable energy,and nuclear reactions.Research on nanofluids has revealed that the the...The thermal nanofluids have garnered widespread attention for their use in multiple thermal systems,including heating processes,sustainable energy,and nuclear reactions.Research on nanofluids has revealed that the thermal efficiencies of such materials are adversely affected by various thermal features.The purpose of the current work is to demonstrate the thermal analysis of Jeffrey nanofluids with the suspension of microorganisms in the presence of variable thermal sources.The variable effects of thermal conductivity,Brownian diffusivity,and motile density are utilized.The investigated model also reveals the contributions of radiation phenomena and chemical reactions.A porous,saturated,moving surface with a suction phenomenon promotes flow.The modeling of the problem is based on the implementation of the Cattaneo-Christov approach.The convective thermal constraints are used to promote the heat transfer features.A simplified form of the governing model is treated with the assistance of a shooting technique.The physical effects of different parameters for the problem are presented.The current problem justifies its applications in heat transfer,coating processes,heat exchangers,cooling systems in microelectronics,solar systems,chemical processes,etc.展开更多
Following the Enlightenment,the principle of human rights protection promoted the transition of criminal justice systems from“punitiveness”to“penal humanitarianism.”However,in the second half of the 20th century,t...Following the Enlightenment,the principle of human rights protection promoted the transition of criminal justice systems from“punitiveness”to“penal humanitarianism.”However,in the second half of the 20th century,the United States and the United Kingdom witnessed the rise of“new punitiveness,”which is characterized by mass incarceration,a punitive turn in community supervision,and numerous collateral consequences of criminal offences.New punitiveness did not emerge from a unified movement or agenda but was driven by changes in crime control philosophies,adjustments in criminal laws,and the initiation of criminal justice campaigns against a backdrop of perceived severe public safety deterioration.Its deeper causes can be traced to the dominance of neoliberalism in economics,the unprecedented alignment of political elites and public attitudes under electoral and partisan politics,and traditional class control mechanisms targeting specific identity groups.Studying new punitiveness can offer valuable insights for identifying potential risks in China’s criminal justice system at both theoretical and practical levels,while providing methodological inspiration for advancing interdisciplinary research.展开更多
In this editorial,we discuss a recently published manuscript by Blüthner et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,with a specific focus on the delayed diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).IBD,which ...In this editorial,we discuss a recently published manuscript by Blüthner et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,with a specific focus on the delayed diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).IBD,which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,is a chronic intestinal disorder.A time lag may exist between the onset of inflammation and the appearance of signs and symptoms,potentially leading to an incorrect or delayed diagnosis,a situation referred to as the delayed diagnosis of IBD.Early diagnosis is crucial for effective patient treatment and prognosis,yet delayed diagnosis remains common.The reasons for delayed diagnosis of IBD are numerous and not yet fully understood.One key factor is the nonspecific nature of IBD symptoms,which can easily be mistaken for other conditions.Additionally,the lack of specific diagnostic methods for IBD contributes to these delays.Delayed diagnosis of IBD can result in numerous adverse consequences,including increased intestinal damage,fibrosis,a higher risk of colorectal cancer,and a decrease in the quality of life of the patient.Therefore,it is essential to diagnose IBD promptly by raising physician awareness,enhancing patient education,and developing new diagnostic methods.展开更多
Significant epidemiological research has revealed that exposure to air pollution is substantially associated with numerous detrimental health consequences^([1-3]).The negative health effects of individual air pollutan...Significant epidemiological research has revealed that exposure to air pollution is substantially associated with numerous detrimental health consequences^([1-3]).The negative health effects of individual air pollutants(e.g.,fine particulate matter:PM_(2.5);nitrogen dioxide:NO_(2);carbon monoxide,CO;or ozone:O_(3))have been widely explored^([4]).However,humans are constantly exposed to multipollutant mixtures in real life,and biological responses to inhaled pollutants are likely to depend on the interplay of pollutant mixtures.Therefore,it is critical and imperative to explore the joint effects of multipollutant mixtures on human beings.展开更多
Substance use disorders(SUDs)impact an estimated 300 million people worldwide,significantly impairing both health and social functioning.These disorders are marked by an inability to regulate substance use,despite the...Substance use disorders(SUDs)impact an estimated 300 million people worldwide,significantly impairing both health and social functioning.These disorders are marked by an inability to regulate substance use,despite the harmful consequences.Addiction affects various neurotransmitter systems,including dopamine,serotonin,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),and glutamate,each of which plays a role in the reward,stress,and self-control pathways of the brain(Koob&Volkow,2016).While significant advances have been made in neuroscience,our understanding of how these neurotransmitter systems interact and contribute to addiction is still evolving.This knowledge gap represents a significant challenge in the formulation of effective treatments for SUDs.At present,the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has approved pharmacological treatments for alcohol,nicotine,and opioid use disorders(Vasiliu,2022);however,no such treatments have been authorized for SUDs in general,or specifically for stimulant use disorders,such as cocaine and methamphetamine addiction.Notably,the FDA has not approved any new drugs for SUD treatment in the past 40 years.展开更多
The mining sector historically drove the global economy but at the expense of severe environmental and health repercussions,posing sustainability challenges[1]-[3].Recent advancements on artificial intelligence(AI)are...The mining sector historically drove the global economy but at the expense of severe environmental and health repercussions,posing sustainability challenges[1]-[3].Recent advancements on artificial intelligence(AI)are revolutionizing mining through robotic and data-driven innovations[4]-[7].While AI offers mining industry advantages,it is crucial to acknowledge the potential risks associated with its widespread use.Over-reliance on AI may lead to a loss of human control over mining operations in the future,resulting in unpredictable consequences.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease(PD,OMIM#168600)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 8.5 million.PD is characterized by four cardinal motor symptoms:bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor...Parkinson’s disease(PD,OMIM#168600)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 8.5 million.PD is characterized by four cardinal motor symptoms:bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and subsequently by postural instability.It usually involves non-motor symptoms such as rapid eye movement sleep disorder,dementia,anosmia,and autonomic dysfunction.The gene glucocerebrosidase 1(GBA1),which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase(GCase)(IUBMB:EC 3.2.1.45),shows strong linkage with PD;variants of GBA1 are the commonest genetic association with PD(Sidransky et al.,2009).Several mechanisms may underlie the relationship between GBA1 mutations/variants and the molecular pathology of PD(Figure 1A and B).展开更多
The human brain has exceedingly high metabolic demands.The cerebral vasculature has the critical task of providing sufficient blood supply to meet this demand.The sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain,as obse...The human brain has exceedingly high metabolic demands.The cerebral vasculature has the critical task of providing sufficient blood supply to meet this demand.The sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain,as observed during ischemic stroke,results in acute neurological injury with devastating consequences-a high rate of adult disability and death.Ischemic stroke is thus a vascular disorder with a dramatic neurological impact.There is an urgent need for more effective disease management to combat stroke as current treatment paradigms,focusing on vascular recanalization and neuroprotection,have only limited clinical success.Since accumulating data suggests successful long-term neuroprotection is unlikely to be achievable without a functional microvascular network,strategies that reduce endothelial dysfunction could be indispensable.Encouragingly,very recent evidence highlighted herein suggests protecting the humble pericyte may be a new approach to reaching this goal.展开更多
The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and rev...The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.展开更多
When calcium ions enter the cytosol,it is a stimulatory signal for cellular events.The calcium sensor calmodulin picks up the change in calcium concentration and relays this information to its more than 300 downstream...When calcium ions enter the cytosol,it is a stimulatory signal for cellular events.The calcium sensor calmodulin picks up the change in calcium concentration and relays this information to its more than 300 downstream interaction partners.In this way,calmodulin affects cellular processes such as fertilization,muscle contraction,neuronal firing,and apoptosis.That is,calmodulin is involved in(nearly)everything!The significance of calmodulin is emphasized by the fact that we all carry three different genes(CALM1,2,3)on different chromosomes that encode the exact same calmodulin protein,and these are all expressed in all cell types.Moreover,throughout vertebrate evolution,the protein sequence has remained completely unchanged.展开更多
With the increase of life expectancy and population growth,neurodegenerative diseases have risen too and are projected to be a major health public concern by 2050.Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the pr...With the increase of life expectancy and population growth,neurodegenerative diseases have risen too and are projected to be a major health public concern by 2050.Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive function leading to the subsequent loss of autonomy.Although the underlying causes of neurodegeneration are not well understood,aging is the main risk factor.展开更多
Exploring the aptitude of the human brain to compensate functional consequences of a lesion damaging its structural architecture is a key challenge to improve patient care in various neurological diseases,to optimize ...Exploring the aptitude of the human brain to compensate functional consequences of a lesion damaging its structural architecture is a key challenge to improve patient care in various neurological diseases,to optimize neuroscientifically-informed strategies of postlesional rehabilitation,and ultimately to develop innovative neuro-regenerative therapies.The term‘plasticity’,initially referring to the intrinsic propensity of neurons to modulate their synaptic transmission in a learning situation,was progressively transposed to brain injury research and clinical neurosciences.Indeed,in the event of brain damage,adaptive mechanisms of compensation allow a partial reshaping of the structure and activities of the central nervous system,thus permitting to some extent the maintenance of brain functions.展开更多
The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and rev...The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.展开更多
基金funded by the FWO(1S34321N)the Fondation Charcot Stichting(to TV and RS)。
文摘Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D in-house.Yet,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(Mazzucato,2013).
文摘The metabolite lactate (L-lactate) can be generated and released by diverse brain cells,including neurons,astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes (Kann,2023;Rae et al.,2024).Lactate production usually requires the degradation of glucose (D-glucose)-and glycogen in astrocytes-to pyruvate by glycolysis and subsequent conversion of pyruvate to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase(Figure 1A;Dienel,2019;Rae et al.,2024).
文摘The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.
文摘Behavior analysts have long recognized the need to increase at least one behavior when attempting to decrease another and usually focus primarily upon increasing a wide variety of behaviors(White&Haring,1980).But the strengthening of any behavior relative to another is not necessarily simple and records of empirically supported treatment options can be interpreted in an over-simplified manner.The current paper attempts to connect various treatment options across behaviors through a common principle-levels of one behavior will tend to increase and levels of another will tend to decrease when the first behavior is made more efficient than the second.The primary objective of the current paper is to articulate a wide variety of variable dimensions available to behavior analysts,teachers,and other professionals responsible for behavior change.In complex environments,many factors are beyond our control and many treatment options are non-viable.The greater the variety of treatment options available,the“larger the analyst’s toolbox”,the greater the chance that viable treatments will be found and that ineffective strategies can be effectively modified before being set aside.One recurring theme is that various forms of response blocking can and should be minimized and replaced with strategies that make more desirable behavior more efficient than less desirable behavior,leading learners to“choose”more desirable behavior.An additional objective of the paper is to reframe the debate about whether it is appropriate to use extinction or punishment,wherein those strategies are frequently interpreted in absolute terms,in relation to decreasing undesirable behaviors,and inevitably result in negative side effects.A more nuanced discussion about extinction and punishment considers the extent to which parametric applications of either might be appropriate to make a less desirable behavior less efficient than a more desirable behavior and includes the potential impact upon increasing desirable behaviors.
文摘The caption of Figure 5 should be:Wind/WAVES type II burst starting around 14 MHz(∼12:05 UT,2017 September 6)and continuing down to∼100 kHz(09:00 UT,2017 September 7).The end time is marked by the short vertical line with its length indicating the bandwidth(70-130 kHz).The horizontal error bars signify the end time uncertainty.The vertical dashed line marks the SGRE end(06:28 UT,September 7);the horizontal dashed line represents the gamma-ray background.The shock arrival time at 1 au is labeled“SH”(Gopalswamy et al.2018).
基金supported by grants from the National S&T Ma-jor Project of China (2018ZX10301201)National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China (82027803)。
文摘To the Editor:Irreversible electroporation(IRE)is a promising ablative technique for hepatobiliary cancers.IRE has unique advantages,including no detrimental heat sink effect[1]and no injury of the surrounding tissues[2].For lesions in complex areas,bile duct[3],and large blood vessels[4],IRE has been developed as an alternative to thermal ablation such as radiofrequency and microwave.The IRE tumor ablative technique combines cell biology and pulsed high-voltage engineering.Repeated high-voltage,high-frequency and transient pulses can create irreversible electroporation in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane and nuclear envelope,resulting in cell apoptosis.Compared with radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation[5],IRE does not cause damage to important vessels and ducts.IRE has some unique shortcomings in delivering high currents,which has limited its clinical applications in the past.In animal and clinical studies,side effects including muscle contraction,procedural hypertension,and arrhythmia are frequently reported[6].However,during the ablation process,if the pulse is synchronized with the heart rhythm,the risk of arrhythmia is reduced.Sufficient muscle relaxant eliminates muscle contraction.Still,arrhythmia[7],hypertension[8],and myocardial infarction[9]are potential risks requiring proper precautions.These adverse events are mostly moderate and self-limiting,but they may have serious consequences for patients with coronary artery disease.Due to the potential risks,patients with a history of cardiovascular disease are not recommended for IRE treatment.
基金supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(32101240)the NaturalScience Foundation of Hainan Province(2019RC175)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Program in Hainan Province(RC2100004064)the Academician working platform project in Hainan Province.
文摘Noise pollution has been shown to affect wild animals in various ways,but little is known about its consequences at the community level.Investigating animals’overall vocal responses to noise across multiple sympatric species can reveal the complex nature of noise impacts butis challenging.In this study,we employed social network analysis(SNA)to evaluate how anuran communities and populations vary their calling behaviors in response to aircraft noise.SNA of anuran communities revealed that conspecifc individuals increase the aggregation of theirspectral(i.e.,minimum frequency,maximum frequency,and dominant frequency),temporal(call duration,call rate,and call effort),and overallspectral-temporal features as an airplane passes through.SNA of populations also revealed that anurans could increase the interindividual similarity of multiple call characteristics in response to airplane noise.Furthermore,our network analysis of multiple species and multiple call traitsrevealed an effect of noise in species whose calling behavior did not change in previous separate analyses of each species and single traits.Thisstudy suggests that noise pollution may change the pattern of combined acoustic properties at the community level.Our fndings highlight theimportance of integrated methods and theories for understanding the ecological consequences of noise pollution in future studies.
基金appreciation to King Saud University for funding this work through researchers supporting project(No.RSPD2025R1056).
文摘The thermal nanofluids have garnered widespread attention for their use in multiple thermal systems,including heating processes,sustainable energy,and nuclear reactions.Research on nanofluids has revealed that the thermal efficiencies of such materials are adversely affected by various thermal features.The purpose of the current work is to demonstrate the thermal analysis of Jeffrey nanofluids with the suspension of microorganisms in the presence of variable thermal sources.The variable effects of thermal conductivity,Brownian diffusivity,and motile density are utilized.The investigated model also reveals the contributions of radiation phenomena and chemical reactions.A porous,saturated,moving surface with a suction phenomenon promotes flow.The modeling of the problem is based on the implementation of the Cattaneo-Christov approach.The convective thermal constraints are used to promote the heat transfer features.A simplified form of the governing model is treated with the assistance of a shooting technique.The physical effects of different parameters for the problem are presented.The current problem justifies its applications in heat transfer,coating processes,heat exchangers,cooling systems in microelectronics,solar systems,chemical processes,etc.
基金a phased result of the“National Funded Postdoctoral Researchers Program”(GZC20230818).
文摘Following the Enlightenment,the principle of human rights protection promoted the transition of criminal justice systems from“punitiveness”to“penal humanitarianism.”However,in the second half of the 20th century,the United States and the United Kingdom witnessed the rise of“new punitiveness,”which is characterized by mass incarceration,a punitive turn in community supervision,and numerous collateral consequences of criminal offences.New punitiveness did not emerge from a unified movement or agenda but was driven by changes in crime control philosophies,adjustments in criminal laws,and the initiation of criminal justice campaigns against a backdrop of perceived severe public safety deterioration.Its deeper causes can be traced to the dominance of neoliberalism in economics,the unprecedented alignment of political elites and public attitudes under electoral and partisan politics,and traditional class control mechanisms targeting specific identity groups.Studying new punitiveness can offer valuable insights for identifying potential risks in China’s criminal justice system at both theoretical and practical levels,while providing methodological inspiration for advancing interdisciplinary research.
文摘In this editorial,we discuss a recently published manuscript by Blüthner et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,with a specific focus on the delayed diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).IBD,which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis,is a chronic intestinal disorder.A time lag may exist between the onset of inflammation and the appearance of signs and symptoms,potentially leading to an incorrect or delayed diagnosis,a situation referred to as the delayed diagnosis of IBD.Early diagnosis is crucial for effective patient treatment and prognosis,yet delayed diagnosis remains common.The reasons for delayed diagnosis of IBD are numerous and not yet fully understood.One key factor is the nonspecific nature of IBD symptoms,which can easily be mistaken for other conditions.Additionally,the lack of specific diagnostic methods for IBD contributes to these delays.Delayed diagnosis of IBD can result in numerous adverse consequences,including increased intestinal damage,fibrosis,a higher risk of colorectal cancer,and a decrease in the quality of life of the patient.Therefore,it is essential to diagnose IBD promptly by raising physician awareness,enhancing patient education,and developing new diagnostic methods.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(42005136)Innovation Team Fund of Southwest Regional Meteorological Center+3 种基金China Meteorological Administration(XNQYCXTD-202203)China Postdoctoral Science(2020M670419)Key Research and Development program for Social Development in Yunnan Provincial(in China)(202203AC100006,202203AC100005)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0602004)。
文摘Significant epidemiological research has revealed that exposure to air pollution is substantially associated with numerous detrimental health consequences^([1-3]).The negative health effects of individual air pollutants(e.g.,fine particulate matter:PM_(2.5);nitrogen dioxide:NO_(2);carbon monoxide,CO;or ozone:O_(3))have been widely explored^([4]).However,humans are constantly exposed to multipollutant mixtures in real life,and biological responses to inhaled pollutants are likely to depend on the interplay of pollutant mixtures.Therefore,it is critical and imperative to explore the joint effects of multipollutant mixtures on human beings.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(T2350008,T2341003,22207103)STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0203000(2021ZD0203003))。
文摘Substance use disorders(SUDs)impact an estimated 300 million people worldwide,significantly impairing both health and social functioning.These disorders are marked by an inability to regulate substance use,despite the harmful consequences.Addiction affects various neurotransmitter systems,including dopamine,serotonin,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),and glutamate,each of which plays a role in the reward,stress,and self-control pathways of the brain(Koob&Volkow,2016).While significant advances have been made in neuroscience,our understanding of how these neurotransmitter systems interact and contribute to addiction is still evolving.This knowledge gap represents a significant challenge in the formulation of effective treatments for SUDs.At present,the US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)has approved pharmacological treatments for alcohol,nicotine,and opioid use disorders(Vasiliu,2022);however,no such treatments have been authorized for SUDs in general,or specifically for stimulant use disorders,such as cocaine and methamphetamine addiction.Notably,the FDA has not approved any new drugs for SUD treatment in the past 40 years.
文摘The mining sector historically drove the global economy but at the expense of severe environmental and health repercussions,posing sustainability challenges[1]-[3].Recent advancements on artificial intelligence(AI)are revolutionizing mining through robotic and data-driven innovations[4]-[7].While AI offers mining industry advantages,it is crucial to acknowledge the potential risks associated with its widespread use.Over-reliance on AI may lead to a loss of human control over mining operations in the future,resulting in unpredictable consequences.
基金supported by Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences,UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology,London,United Kingdom,WC1N 3BGAligning Science Across Parkinson’s(ASAP)Collaborative Research Network,Chevy Chase,MD,United States(to AHVS)。
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD,OMIM#168600)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 8.5 million.PD is characterized by four cardinal motor symptoms:bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and subsequently by postural instability.It usually involves non-motor symptoms such as rapid eye movement sleep disorder,dementia,anosmia,and autonomic dysfunction.The gene glucocerebrosidase 1(GBA1),which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase(GCase)(IUBMB:EC 3.2.1.45),shows strong linkage with PD;variants of GBA1 are the commonest genetic association with PD(Sidransky et al.,2009).Several mechanisms may underlie the relationship between GBA1 mutations/variants and the molecular pathology of PD(Figure 1A and B).
基金supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant 31003A_150062(to OOO).
文摘The human brain has exceedingly high metabolic demands.The cerebral vasculature has the critical task of providing sufficient blood supply to meet this demand.The sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain,as observed during ischemic stroke,results in acute neurological injury with devastating consequences-a high rate of adult disability and death.Ischemic stroke is thus a vascular disorder with a dramatic neurological impact.There is an urgent need for more effective disease management to combat stroke as current treatment paradigms,focusing on vascular recanalization and neuroprotection,have only limited clinical success.Since accumulating data suggests successful long-term neuroprotection is unlikely to be achievable without a functional microvascular network,strategies that reduce endothelial dysfunction could be indispensable.Encouragingly,very recent evidence highlighted herein suggests protecting the humble pericyte may be a new approach to reaching this goal.
文摘The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.
基金supported by Lundbeckfonden(R250-2017-134,to HHJ).
文摘When calcium ions enter the cytosol,it is a stimulatory signal for cellular events.The calcium sensor calmodulin picks up the change in calcium concentration and relays this information to its more than 300 downstream interaction partners.In this way,calmodulin affects cellular processes such as fertilization,muscle contraction,neuronal firing,and apoptosis.That is,calmodulin is involved in(nearly)everything!The significance of calmodulin is emphasized by the fact that we all carry three different genes(CALM1,2,3)on different chromosomes that encode the exact same calmodulin protein,and these are all expressed in all cell types.Moreover,throughout vertebrate evolution,the protein sequence has remained completely unchanged.
基金supported by The David and Inez Myers Foundation,Beachwood,OH,USA(to DT)。
文摘With the increase of life expectancy and population growth,neurodegenerative diseases have risen too and are projected to be a major health public concern by 2050.Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive function leading to the subsequent loss of autonomy.Although the underlying causes of neurodegeneration are not well understood,aging is the main risk factor.
文摘Exploring the aptitude of the human brain to compensate functional consequences of a lesion damaging its structural architecture is a key challenge to improve patient care in various neurological diseases,to optimize neuroscientifically-informed strategies of postlesional rehabilitation,and ultimately to develop innovative neuro-regenerative therapies.The term‘plasticity’,initially referring to the intrinsic propensity of neurons to modulate their synaptic transmission in a learning situation,was progressively transposed to brain injury research and clinical neurosciences.Indeed,in the event of brain damage,adaptive mechanisms of compensation allow a partial reshaping of the structure and activities of the central nervous system,thus permitting to some extent the maintenance of brain functions.
文摘The journal Chemical Research in Chinese Universities is a comprehensive academic journal in the field of chemistry,published bimonthly since 1984.The journal publishes research articles,letters/communications and reviews written by faculty members,researchers and postgraduates in universities,colleges and research institutes all over China and overseas.It reports the latest and the most creative results of important fundamental research in all aspects of chemistry and of developments with significant consequences across sub-disciplines.This journal is sponsored by Jilin University and mandated by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China.
