Climate change is having an increasing impact on coastal infrastructure,leading to more frequent and intensified wave activity,including higher waves driven by typhoons and abnormal sea conditions.Consequently,issues ...Climate change is having an increasing impact on coastal infrastructure,leading to more frequent and intensified wave activity,including higher waves driven by typhoons and abnormal sea conditions.Consequently,issues related to the stability of existing port structures,such as caissons,have become a significant concern.In particular,gravity-type caisson on the land side of coastal port structures require enhanced stability and safety.Gravity-type caissons,which resist external forces through their own weight,are highly vulnerable to functional failures,such as sliding displacement,triggered by abnormal waves shifting specific caissons.The destruction of caisson and quay walls can lead to substantial recovery costs,necessitating improvements in caisson stability to address the challenges posed by increased wave forces and changes in port logistics due to larger vessels.One approach to enhancing caisson stability is the use of long caissons.Long caisson is commonly used where a breakwater is needed to withstand wave action and distribute forces evenly along a length of breakwater.The construction of caissons faces challenges due to limitations on the size of individual units imposed by construction conditions,launching methods,and marine crane requirements.Therefore,connecting multiple caissons to form long caissons presents a viable alternative.This study suggested two connection methods for long caissons.The first method was a hemisphere caisson,which allows the connection parts to seat against each other under self-weight during construction.The second method was a displacement-allowing connection utilizing rubble(embedded rebar connection within riprap connection).This approach allows some displacement while employing rebar to resist excessive deformation,thereby dispersing the resulting wave forces to adjacent caissons.Performance comparisons between the developed connections and conventional gravity-type caissons were conducted using a finite element analysis model.The results indicate that the proposed connections demonstrate improved resistance to wave forces compared to traditional caissons without such connections.Further studies should include field applications and performance evaluations of various caisson sizes under different environmental and geological conditions.展开更多
In the rotor system of aero-engines,the main purpose of a bolted flange connection structure is to transfer torque and speed,and the rotor system may exhibit bolt loosening and connection structure failure under compl...In the rotor system of aero-engines,the main purpose of a bolted flange connection structure is to transfer torque and speed,and the rotor system may exhibit bolt loosening and connection structure failure under complex working conditions,high speed rotation,and external excitation unbalanced force.In addition,the bolted connection structure in the rotor system is mainly subjected to torsional vibration excitation,and using experimental methods to analyze the dynamic response law of different structural parameters of a bolted connection structure under torsional vibration excitation is complicated.Therefore,on the basis of the concentrated mass method and the elastic interaction characteristics within the bolted system,this study establishes dynamic models of one-bolted and multi-bolted connection structural systems under torsional excitation.On the basis of this dynamic model,the dynamic response characteristics of different thread parameters,external excitation,bolt stiffness,and compression stiffness of the connected parts in a one-bolted connection system and the influence laws of different elastic modulus,bolt numbers,and the thickness of the connected parts on the loosening of the multi-bolted connection system are analyzed.Results show that small thread pitch,external excitation amplitude and frequency,compressive stiffness,bolt stiffness,and elastic modulus and large tooth angle,number of bolts,and thickness of connected parts can appropriately improve the anti-loosening performance of the bolted connection system.This study also uses a comparative verification method combining finite element simulation and experiment to verify the correctness of the established dynamic model effectively.展开更多
This paper proposes a reliability evaluation model for a multi-dimensional network system,which has potential to be applied to the internet of things or other practical networks.A multi-dimensional network system with...This paper proposes a reliability evaluation model for a multi-dimensional network system,which has potential to be applied to the internet of things or other practical networks.A multi-dimensional network system with one source element and multiple sink elements is considered first.Each element can con-nect with other elements within a stochastic connection ranges.The system is regarded as successful as long as the source ele-ment remains connected with all sink elements.An importance measure is proposed to evaluate the performance of non-source elements.Furthermore,to calculate the system reliability and the element importance measure,a multi-valued decision diagram based approach is structured and its complexity is analyzed.Finally,a numerical example about the signal transfer station system is illustrated to analyze the system reliability and the ele-ment importance measure.展开更多
The Arctic plays a pivotal role in the Earth’s climate system,with its rapid transformation exerting profound impacts on global climate dynamics,ecosystems,and human societies.In recent decades,Arctic warming has sig...The Arctic plays a pivotal role in the Earth’s climate system,with its rapid transformation exerting profound impacts on global climate dynamics,ecosystems,and human societies.In recent decades,Arctic warming has significantly outpaced the global mean temperature increase,driving the enhanced sea ice decline,the accelerated mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet,permafrost degradation,and glacier retreat.These changes modulate atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns,establishing teleconnections with mid-and low-latitude climate systems.Investigating the historical evolution,current state,and projected future trends of the Arctic climate system,as well as its global impacts,is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying Arctic amplification,refining climate change projections,attributing extreme weather and climate events,and informing sustainable development strategies.展开更多
The increasing demand for industrial automation and intelligence has put forward higher requirements for the reliability of industrial wireless communication technology.As an international standard based on 802.11,Wir...The increasing demand for industrial automation and intelligence has put forward higher requirements for the reliability of industrial wireless communication technology.As an international standard based on 802.11,Wireless networks for Industrial Automation-Factory Automation(WIA-FA)greatly improves the reliability in factory automation scenarios by Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA).However,in ultra-dense WIA-FA networks with mobile users,the basic connection management mechanism is inefficient.Most of the handover and resource management algorithms are all based on frequency division multiplexing,not suitable for the TDMA in the WIA-FA network.Therefore,we propose Load-aware Connection Management(LACM)algorithm to adjust the linkage and balance the load of access devices to avoid blocking and improve the reliability of the system.And then we simulate the algorithm to find the optimal settings of the parameters.After comparing with other existing algorithms,the result of the simulation proves that LACM is more efficient in reliability and maintains high reliability of more than 99.8%even in the ultra-dense moving scenario with 1500 field devices.Besides,this algorithm ensures that only a few signaling exchanges are required to ensure load bal-ancing,which is no more than 5 times,and less than half of the best state-of-the-art algorithm.展开更多
Chengdu,a city rich in history and culture,is a beacon of China’s storied past embracing a distinct postmodern vibe.As an important hub along the ancient Silk Road,it has long been a meeting point for di!erent civili...Chengdu,a city rich in history and culture,is a beacon of China’s storied past embracing a distinct postmodern vibe.As an important hub along the ancient Silk Road,it has long been a meeting point for di!erent civilizations,where ideas and cultures have exchanged and thrived.Driven by the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind in recent years,Chengdu scholars and media have opened their arms to the world,engaging in multilingual storytelling.These efforts share the warmth and goodwill of a city consistently ranked one of the happiest in China.Through consistent efforts,new insights have emerged—ideas and aspirations intended to be shared with readers both at home and abroad.展开更多
With the acceleration of urbanization,prefabricated bridges have become a significant choice for transportation infrastructure construction due to their environmental friendliness,efficiency,and reliable quality.Howev...With the acceleration of urbanization,prefabricated bridges have become a significant choice for transportation infrastructure construction due to their environmental friendliness,efficiency,and reliable quality.However,existing connection technologies still face shortcomings in construction efficiency,seismic performance,and cost control.This paper summarizes the process characteristics of commonly used connection technologies such as socket connections,grouted sleeve connections and corrugated pipe connections,and analyzes their seismic capacity and mechanical performance.In response to existing issues,two new technologies—separated steel connection and multi-chamber steel tube concrete connection—are proposed,and their comprehensive performance and economic efficiency are analyzed.The new connection technologies outperform traditional methods in construction efficiency,economic efficiency,and structural stability,with more reasonable force distribution,clearer load transfer paths,and significantly reduced overall costs.Existing technologies,such as socket connections,perform well in seismic performance but are complex to construct;grouted sleeve connections are mature in technology,but the quality of grouting is difficult to inspect.The separated steel connection and multi-chamber steel tube concrete connection technologies offer significant advantages.With the increasing demands for energy conservation and emission reduction,coupled with the rising labor costs,prefabricated bridge piers are undoubtedly poised to become one of the preferred technologies for bridge construction in China in the future.Therefore,in light of the current research landscape,this paper concludes by offering a forward-looking perspective on the development directions of connection methods for prefabricated bridge piers and identifying key areas for future research.展开更多
A prior observational study indicated an asymmetric link between sea surface temperature(SST)in the Tasman Sea and ENSO during austral summer.Specifically,El Niño is associated with a dipolar SST anomaly pattern,...A prior observational study indicated an asymmetric link between sea surface temperature(SST)in the Tasman Sea and ENSO during austral summer.Specifically,El Niño is associated with a dipolar SST anomaly pattern,featuring warming in the northwest and cooling in the southeast,whereas La Niña corresponds to basin-scale warming.This study employs the experiments of coupled models from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6)to assess ENSO’s impact on Tasman Sea SST.While all 15 models capture the observed dipolar SST anomalies(SSTAs)in the Tasman Sea during El Niño years,only 7 models capture the basin-scale warmth in the Tasman Sea during La Niña years.Consequently,the models are bifurcated into two groups:group-one models yield one physically reasonable asymmetric connection as observed,including the asymmetry of oceanic heat transport,especially the Ekman meridional transport anomalies induced by zonal wind stress driven by the asymmetric atmospheric circulation over the Tasman Sea.However,due to abnormal responses to ENSO and systematic biases in model simulations,including jet and storm tracks,oceanic heat fluxes,ocean currents,and SST,the group-two models fail to reproduce the asymmetric connection between the Tasman Sea and ENSO.This study not only validates the observational asymmetric connection of SSTAs in the Tasman Sea with respect to the two opposite ENSO phases,but also provides evidence and clues to reduce the bias in group-two models.展开更多
Reliable electricity infrastructure is critical for modern society,highlighting the importance of securing the stability of fundamental power electronic systems.However,as such systems frequently involve high-current ...Reliable electricity infrastructure is critical for modern society,highlighting the importance of securing the stability of fundamental power electronic systems.However,as such systems frequently involve high-current and high-voltage conditions,there is a greater likelihood of failures.Consequently,anomaly detection of power electronic systems holds great significance,which is a task that properly-designed neural networks can well undertake,as proven in various scenarios.Transformer-like networks are promising for such application,yet with its structure initially designed for different tasks,features extracted by beginning layers are often lost,decreasing detection performance.Also,such data-driven methods typically require sufficient anomalous data for training,which could be difficult to obtain in practice.Therefore,to improve feature utilization while achieving efficient unsupervised learning,a novel model,Densely-connected Decoder Transformer(DDformer),is proposed for unsupervised anomaly detection of power electronic systems in this paper.First,efficient labelfree training is achieved based on the concept of autoencoder with recursive-free output.An encoder-decoder structure with densely-connected decoder is then adopted,merging features from all encoder layers to avoid possible loss of mined features while reducing training difficulty.Both simulation and real-world experiments are conducted to validate the capabilities of DDformer,and the average FDR has surpassed baseline models,reaching 89.39%,93.91%,95.98%in different experiment setups respectively.展开更多
The primary objective of Chinese spelling correction(CSC)is to detect and correct erroneous characters in Chinese text,which can result from various factors,such as inaccuracies in pinyin representation,character rese...The primary objective of Chinese spelling correction(CSC)is to detect and correct erroneous characters in Chinese text,which can result from various factors,such as inaccuracies in pinyin representation,character resemblance,and semantic discrepancies.However,existing methods often struggle to fully address these types of errors,impacting the overall correction accuracy.This paper introduces a multi-modal feature encoder designed to efficiently extract features from three distinct modalities:pinyin,semantics,and character morphology.Unlike previous methods that rely on direct fusion or fixed-weight summation to integrate multi-modal information,our approach employs a multi-head attention mechanism to focuse more on relevant modal information while dis-regarding less pertinent data.To prevent issues such as gradient explosion or vanishing,the model incorporates a residual connection of the original text vector for fine-tuning.This approach ensures robust model performance by maintaining essential linguistic details throughout the correction process.Experimental evaluations on the SIGHAN benchmark dataset demonstrate that the pro-posed model outperforms baseline approaches across various metrics and datasets,confirming its effectiveness and feasibility.展开更多
Precast concrete pavements(PCPs)represent an innovative solution in the construction industry,addressing the need for rapid,intelligent,and low-carbon pavement technologies that significantly reduce construction time ...Precast concrete pavements(PCPs)represent an innovative solution in the construction industry,addressing the need for rapid,intelligent,and low-carbon pavement technologies that significantly reduce construction time and environmental impact.However,the integration of prefabricated technology in pavement surface and base layers lacks systematic classification and understanding.This paper aims to fill this gap by introducing a detailed analysis of discretization and assembly connection technology for cement concrete pavement(CCP)structures.Through a comprehensive review of domestic and international literature,the study classifies prefabricated pavement technology based on discrete assembly structural layers and presents specific conclusions(i)surface layer discrete units are categorized into bottom plates,top plates,plate-rod separated assemblies,and prestressed connections,with optimal material compositions identified to enhance mechanical properties;(ii)base layer discrete units include block-type,plate-type,and beam-type elements,highlighting their contributions to sustainability by incorporating recycled materials(iii)planar assembly connection types are assessed,ranking them by load transfer efficiency,with specific dimensions provided for optimal performance;and(iv)vertical assembly connections are defined by their leveling and sealing layers,suitable for both new constructions and repairs of existing roads.The insights gained from this review not only clarify the distinctions between various structural layers but also provide practical guidelines for enhancing the design and implementation of PCP.This work contributes to advancing sustainable and resilient road construction practices,making it a significant reference for researchers and practitioners in the field.展开更多
Congenital heart disease(CHD)stands as the most common cardiovascular disorder among children,exerting a profound impact on the growth,development,and quality of life of the affected pediatric population.The modified ...Congenital heart disease(CHD)stands as the most common cardiovascular disorder among children,exerting a profound impact on the growth,development,and quality of life of the affected pediatric population.The modified Fontan procedure,the total cavopulmonary connection(TCPC),has become a pivotal palliative or definitive surgical method for treating complex CHD cases,including single ventricle and tricuspid valve atresia.Through staged surgical processes,this technique directly diverts vena cava blood into the pulmonary artery,thus improving the patient’s oxygenation status.Despite the initial success of the Fontan circulation in providing a means for survival in patients with complex CHD,a significant proportion of patients will eventually experience Fontan failure.Fontan failure is a complex syndrome characterized by a constellation of symptoms and signs,including heart failure,arrhythmia,protein-losing enteropathy,and plastic bronchitis.Understanding the contemporary management of failing modified Fontan after TCPC is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes,as the number of adult patients with Fontan circulation continues to grow due to improved surgical techniques and postoperative care.展开更多
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)-aluminum alloys have the advantages of both CFRP and aluminum alloys,but their different properties make the connection challenging.In this study,the response surface method(RSM)w...Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)-aluminum alloys have the advantages of both CFRP and aluminum alloys,but their different properties make the connection challenging.In this study,the response surface method(RSM)was used to optimize the laser and plasma processing parameters for treating the 6061 aluminum alloy(AA 6061)surface.The AA 6061 surface was subjected to laser-plasma co-treatment with the optimized parameters.The CFRP-AA 6061 were prepared by the co-curing method.The interface properties of the CFRP-AA 6061 were evaluated by using the climbing drum peel(CDP)test.The single lap layer shear(SLLS)strengths of different treatment procedures under different service aging conditions were investigated.The optimal laser processing parameters included a laser scanning line spacing of 0.115 mm,a laser scanning rate of 102.719 mm/s and a laser frequency of 10.763 kHz,resulting in an average peel strength of 103.76(N·mm)/mm.The optimal plasma processing parameters included a gas flow rate of 597.383 L/h,a processing distance of 5.821 mm and a processing time of 173.132 s,resulting in an average peel strength of 66.39(N·mm)/mm.Under the optimal laser-plasma co-treatment condition,the average peel strength can reach 113.02(N·mm)/mm,and the interfacial connection is better under different service aging conditions.This research can provide a reference for the interface treatment of composite-metal heterogeneous connections.展开更多
In petroleum extraction,the sealing surfaces of bolted joints are susceptible to damage due to the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in wellbores.This damage adversely affects sealing performance,consequen...In petroleum extraction,the sealing surfaces of bolted joints are susceptible to damage due to the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in wellbores.This damage adversely affects sealing performance,consequently leading to the failure and damage of threaded connections.In severe cases,it can result in considerable economic losses and trigger safety accidents.The sealing performance of special bolted joints holds crucial importance for production efficiency,output,equipment lifespan,and cost control.Enhancing the sealing perfor-mance of threaded connections can have a positive impact on industrial production and environmental protection.The existing research on American Petroleum Institute threaded joints has been thorough and has obtained a series of excellent results.However,the research on the sealing damage mechanism of threaded connections under complex well conditions lacks sufficient depth and that on new sealing technology is scarce.This study proposes a half-size evaluation test to address the abovementioned problem.Based on this test,an investigation into the sealing performance of threaded connections under high-temperature,cyclic loading,and high-temperature creep conditions is conducted.This study uses a combined approach of finite element methods and experiments to investigate the impact of different makeup torques on the sealing performance of premium threaded connections(PTCs).The results of the half-size evaluation test indicate that temperature notably influences the sealing performance of threaded connections.The continuous action of high temperatures causes contact pressure and sealing performance to decrease,and sealing contact pressure increases after cooling.Finite element and test results show that for a certain joint A,the greater the torque,the higher the critical sealing pressure of the thread,and the better the sealing performance.The research on the sealing damage mechanism of PTCs provides a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the further optimization and development of PTCs.展开更多
Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJ...Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.展开更多
With the proliferation of online services and applications,adopting Single Sign-On(SSO)mechanisms has become increasingly prevalent.SSO enables users to authenticate once and gain access to multiple services,eliminati...With the proliferation of online services and applications,adopting Single Sign-On(SSO)mechanisms has become increasingly prevalent.SSO enables users to authenticate once and gain access to multiple services,eliminating the need to provide their credentials repeatedly.However,this convenience raises concerns about user security and privacy.The increasing reliance on SSO and its potential risks make it imperative to comprehensively review the various SSO security and privacy threats,identify gaps in existing systems,and explore effective mitigation solutions.This need motivated the first systematic literature review(SLR)of SSO security and privacy,conducted in this paper.The SLR is performed based on rigorous structured research methodology with specific inclusion/exclusion criteria and focuses specifically on the Web environment.Furthermore,it encompasses a meticulous examination and thematic synthesis of 88 relevant publications selected out of 2315 journal articles and conference/proceeding papers published between 2017 and 2024 from reputable academic databases.The SLR highlights critical security and privacy threats relating to SSO systems,reveals significant gaps in existing countermeasures,and emphasizes the need for more comprehensive protection mechanisms.The findings of this SLR will serve as an invaluable resource for scientists and developers interested in enhancing the security and privacy preservation of SSO and designing more efficient and robust SSO systems,thus contributing to the development of the authentication technologies field.展开更多
Duangsamorn Wattanapathitiwong—usually called by her Chinese name Wang Ximei these days—never expected a Chinese television drama to lead her to a life in China,a marriage rooted in cross-cultural understanding,and ...Duangsamorn Wattanapathitiwong—usually called by her Chinese name Wang Ximei these days—never expected a Chinese television drama to lead her to a life in China,a marriage rooted in cross-cultural understanding,and a profession that now bridges two nations.From a university student in Thailand puzzled by Chinese dialogue to a Thai language lecturer in China influencing the next generation of Thailand-China communicators,Wang’s journey is a story of resilience,romance,and responsibility.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the distributed Nash equilibrium(NE)seeking problem for aggregative games with multiple uncertain Euler–Lagrange(EL)systems over jointly connected and weight-balanced switching networks.T...In this paper,we investigate the distributed Nash equilibrium(NE)seeking problem for aggregative games with multiple uncertain Euler–Lagrange(EL)systems over jointly connected and weight-balanced switching networks.The designed distributed controller consists of two parts:a dynamic average consensus part that asymptotically reproduces the unknown NE,and an adaptive reference-tracking module responsible for steering EL systems’positions to track a desired trajectory.The generalized Barbalat’s Lemma is used to overcome the discontinuity of the closed-loop system caused by the switching networks.The proposed algorithm is illustrated by a sensor network deployment problem.展开更多
Neural organoids and confocal microscopy have the potential to play an important role in microconnectome research to understand neural patterns.We present PLayer,a plug-and-play embedded neural system,which demonstrat...Neural organoids and confocal microscopy have the potential to play an important role in microconnectome research to understand neural patterns.We present PLayer,a plug-and-play embedded neural system,which demonstrates the utilization of sparse confocal microscopy layers to interpolate continuous axial resolution.With an embedded system focused on neural network pruning,image scaling,and post-processing,PLayer achieves high-performance metrics with an average structural similarity index of 0.9217 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 27.75 dB,all within 20 s.This represents a significant time saving of 85.71%with simplified image processing.By harnessing statistical map estimation in interpolation and incorporating the Vision Transformer–based Restorer,PLayer ensures 2D layer consistency while mitigating heavy computational dependence.As such,PLayer can reconstruct 3D neural organoid confocal data continuously under limited computational power for the wide acceptance of fundamental connectomics and pattern-related research with embedded devices.展开更多
Traffic at urban intersections frequently encounters unexpected obstructions,resulting in congestion due to uncooperative and priority-based driving behavior.This paper presents an optimal right-turn coordination syst...Traffic at urban intersections frequently encounters unexpected obstructions,resulting in congestion due to uncooperative and priority-based driving behavior.This paper presents an optimal right-turn coordination system for Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAVs)at single-lane intersections,particularly in the context of left-hand side driving on roads.The goal is to facilitate smooth right turns for certain vehicles without creating bottlenecks.We consider that all approaching vehicles share relevant information through vehicular communications.The Intersection Coordination Unit(ICU)processes this information and communicates the optimal crossing or turning times to the vehicles.The primary objective of this coordination is to minimize overall traffic delays,which also helps improve the fuel consumption of vehicles.By considering information from upcoming vehicles at the intersection,the coordination system solves an optimization problem to determine the best timing for executing right turns,ultimately minimizing the total delay for all vehicles.The proposed coordination system is evaluated at a typical urban intersection,and its performance is compared to traditional traffic systems.Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed coordination system significantly enhances the average traffic speed and fuel consumption compared to the traditional traffic system in various scenarios.展开更多
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(Nos.RS-2023-00212586 and RS-2024-00348557)the Korea Maritime&Ocean University Research Fund in 2024.
文摘Climate change is having an increasing impact on coastal infrastructure,leading to more frequent and intensified wave activity,including higher waves driven by typhoons and abnormal sea conditions.Consequently,issues related to the stability of existing port structures,such as caissons,have become a significant concern.In particular,gravity-type caisson on the land side of coastal port structures require enhanced stability and safety.Gravity-type caissons,which resist external forces through their own weight,are highly vulnerable to functional failures,such as sliding displacement,triggered by abnormal waves shifting specific caissons.The destruction of caisson and quay walls can lead to substantial recovery costs,necessitating improvements in caisson stability to address the challenges posed by increased wave forces and changes in port logistics due to larger vessels.One approach to enhancing caisson stability is the use of long caissons.Long caisson is commonly used where a breakwater is needed to withstand wave action and distribute forces evenly along a length of breakwater.The construction of caissons faces challenges due to limitations on the size of individual units imposed by construction conditions,launching methods,and marine crane requirements.Therefore,connecting multiple caissons to form long caissons presents a viable alternative.This study suggested two connection methods for long caissons.The first method was a hemisphere caisson,which allows the connection parts to seat against each other under self-weight during construction.The second method was a displacement-allowing connection utilizing rubble(embedded rebar connection within riprap connection).This approach allows some displacement while employing rebar to resist excessive deformation,thereby dispersing the resulting wave forces to adjacent caissons.Performance comparisons between the developed connections and conventional gravity-type caissons were conducted using a finite element analysis model.The results indicate that the proposed connections demonstrate improved resistance to wave forces compared to traditional caissons without such connections.Further studies should include field applications and performance evaluations of various caisson sizes under different environmental and geological conditions.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.52375113)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(Grant No.2022-MS-298)+1 种基金Shenyang Youth Science and Technology Innovation Talent Fund,China(Grant No.RC230309)the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Education Department,China(Grant No.LJKMZ20220531).
文摘In the rotor system of aero-engines,the main purpose of a bolted flange connection structure is to transfer torque and speed,and the rotor system may exhibit bolt loosening and connection structure failure under complex working conditions,high speed rotation,and external excitation unbalanced force.In addition,the bolted connection structure in the rotor system is mainly subjected to torsional vibration excitation,and using experimental methods to analyze the dynamic response law of different structural parameters of a bolted connection structure under torsional vibration excitation is complicated.Therefore,on the basis of the concentrated mass method and the elastic interaction characteristics within the bolted system,this study establishes dynamic models of one-bolted and multi-bolted connection structural systems under torsional excitation.On the basis of this dynamic model,the dynamic response characteristics of different thread parameters,external excitation,bolt stiffness,and compression stiffness of the connected parts in a one-bolted connection system and the influence laws of different elastic modulus,bolt numbers,and the thickness of the connected parts on the loosening of the multi-bolted connection system are analyzed.Results show that small thread pitch,external excitation amplitude and frequency,compressive stiffness,bolt stiffness,and elastic modulus and large tooth angle,number of bolts,and thickness of connected parts can appropriately improve the anti-loosening performance of the bolted connection system.This study also uses a comparative verification method combining finite element simulation and experiment to verify the correctness of the established dynamic model effectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72101025,72271049),the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,FRF-IDRY-24-024)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(F2023501011)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-20-073A1)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202411232015).
文摘This paper proposes a reliability evaluation model for a multi-dimensional network system,which has potential to be applied to the internet of things or other practical networks.A multi-dimensional network system with one source element and multiple sink elements is considered first.Each element can con-nect with other elements within a stochastic connection ranges.The system is regarded as successful as long as the source ele-ment remains connected with all sink elements.An importance measure is proposed to evaluate the performance of non-source elements.Furthermore,to calculate the system reliability and the element importance measure,a multi-valued decision diagram based approach is structured and its complexity is analyzed.Finally,a numerical example about the signal transfer station system is illustrated to analyze the system reliability and the ele-ment importance measure.
文摘The Arctic plays a pivotal role in the Earth’s climate system,with its rapid transformation exerting profound impacts on global climate dynamics,ecosystems,and human societies.In recent decades,Arctic warming has significantly outpaced the global mean temperature increase,driving the enhanced sea ice decline,the accelerated mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet,permafrost degradation,and glacier retreat.These changes modulate atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns,establishing teleconnections with mid-and low-latitude climate systems.Investigating the historical evolution,current state,and projected future trends of the Arctic climate system,as well as its global impacts,is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying Arctic amplification,refining climate change projections,attributing extreme weather and climate events,and informing sustainable development strategies.
基金supported by NSFC project(grant No.61971359)Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Institutions of Higher Education(grant No.cquptmct-202104)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sichuan Science and Technology Project(grant no.2021YFQ0053)State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Engineering Informatization(FSDI).
文摘The increasing demand for industrial automation and intelligence has put forward higher requirements for the reliability of industrial wireless communication technology.As an international standard based on 802.11,Wireless networks for Industrial Automation-Factory Automation(WIA-FA)greatly improves the reliability in factory automation scenarios by Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA).However,in ultra-dense WIA-FA networks with mobile users,the basic connection management mechanism is inefficient.Most of the handover and resource management algorithms are all based on frequency division multiplexing,not suitable for the TDMA in the WIA-FA network.Therefore,we propose Load-aware Connection Management(LACM)algorithm to adjust the linkage and balance the load of access devices to avoid blocking and improve the reliability of the system.And then we simulate the algorithm to find the optimal settings of the parameters.After comparing with other existing algorithms,the result of the simulation proves that LACM is more efficient in reliability and maintains high reliability of more than 99.8%even in the ultra-dense moving scenario with 1500 field devices.Besides,this algorithm ensures that only a few signaling exchanges are required to ensure load bal-ancing,which is no more than 5 times,and less than half of the best state-of-the-art algorithm.
文摘Chengdu,a city rich in history and culture,is a beacon of China’s storied past embracing a distinct postmodern vibe.As an important hub along the ancient Silk Road,it has long been a meeting point for di!erent civilizations,where ideas and cultures have exchanged and thrived.Driven by the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind in recent years,Chengdu scholars and media have opened their arms to the world,engaging in multilingual storytelling.These efforts share the warmth and goodwill of a city consistently ranked one of the happiest in China.Through consistent efforts,new insights have emerged—ideas and aspirations intended to be shared with readers both at home and abroad.
基金supported by Prevention the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities“Study on the general joint of prefabricated high-pier columns”(ZY20230218)Science and Technology Innovation Program for Postgraduate students in IDP subsidized by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities“Research on seismic performance of prefabricated bridge piers with embedded separated steel connections”(ZY20250316).
文摘With the acceleration of urbanization,prefabricated bridges have become a significant choice for transportation infrastructure construction due to their environmental friendliness,efficiency,and reliable quality.However,existing connection technologies still face shortcomings in construction efficiency,seismic performance,and cost control.This paper summarizes the process characteristics of commonly used connection technologies such as socket connections,grouted sleeve connections and corrugated pipe connections,and analyzes their seismic capacity and mechanical performance.In response to existing issues,two new technologies—separated steel connection and multi-chamber steel tube concrete connection—are proposed,and their comprehensive performance and economic efficiency are analyzed.The new connection technologies outperform traditional methods in construction efficiency,economic efficiency,and structural stability,with more reasonable force distribution,clearer load transfer paths,and significantly reduced overall costs.Existing technologies,such as socket connections,perform well in seismic performance but are complex to construct;grouted sleeve connections are mature in technology,but the quality of grouting is difficult to inspect.The separated steel connection and multi-chamber steel tube concrete connection technologies offer significant advantages.With the increasing demands for energy conservation and emission reduction,coupled with the rising labor costs,prefabricated bridge piers are undoubtedly poised to become one of the preferred technologies for bridge construction in China in the future.Therefore,in light of the current research landscape,this paper concludes by offering a forward-looking perspective on the development directions of connection methods for prefabricated bridge piers and identifying key areas for future research.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF0805101)the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Grant Nos.42376250 and 42405068).
文摘A prior observational study indicated an asymmetric link between sea surface temperature(SST)in the Tasman Sea and ENSO during austral summer.Specifically,El Niño is associated with a dipolar SST anomaly pattern,featuring warming in the northwest and cooling in the southeast,whereas La Niña corresponds to basin-scale warming.This study employs the experiments of coupled models from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6)to assess ENSO’s impact on Tasman Sea SST.While all 15 models capture the observed dipolar SST anomalies(SSTAs)in the Tasman Sea during El Niño years,only 7 models capture the basin-scale warmth in the Tasman Sea during La Niña years.Consequently,the models are bifurcated into two groups:group-one models yield one physically reasonable asymmetric connection as observed,including the asymmetry of oceanic heat transport,especially the Ekman meridional transport anomalies induced by zonal wind stress driven by the asymmetric atmospheric circulation over the Tasman Sea.However,due to abnormal responses to ENSO and systematic biases in model simulations,including jet and storm tracks,oceanic heat fluxes,ocean currents,and SST,the group-two models fail to reproduce the asymmetric connection between the Tasman Sea and ENSO.This study not only validates the observational asymmetric connection of SSTAs in the Tasman Sea with respect to the two opposite ENSO phases,but also provides evidence and clues to reduce the bias in group-two models.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62303090,U2330206in part by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grant 2023M740516+1 种基金in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province under Grant 2024NSFSC1480in part by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘Reliable electricity infrastructure is critical for modern society,highlighting the importance of securing the stability of fundamental power electronic systems.However,as such systems frequently involve high-current and high-voltage conditions,there is a greater likelihood of failures.Consequently,anomaly detection of power electronic systems holds great significance,which is a task that properly-designed neural networks can well undertake,as proven in various scenarios.Transformer-like networks are promising for such application,yet with its structure initially designed for different tasks,features extracted by beginning layers are often lost,decreasing detection performance.Also,such data-driven methods typically require sufficient anomalous data for training,which could be difficult to obtain in practice.Therefore,to improve feature utilization while achieving efficient unsupervised learning,a novel model,Densely-connected Decoder Transformer(DDformer),is proposed for unsupervised anomaly detection of power electronic systems in this paper.First,efficient labelfree training is achieved based on the concept of autoencoder with recursive-free output.An encoder-decoder structure with densely-connected decoder is then adopted,merging features from all encoder layers to avoid possible loss of mined features while reducing training difficulty.Both simulation and real-world experiments are conducted to validate the capabilities of DDformer,and the average FDR has surpassed baseline models,reaching 89.39%,93.91%,95.98%in different experiment setups respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61472256,61170277)the Hujiang Foundation(No.A14006).
文摘The primary objective of Chinese spelling correction(CSC)is to detect and correct erroneous characters in Chinese text,which can result from various factors,such as inaccuracies in pinyin representation,character resemblance,and semantic discrepancies.However,existing methods often struggle to fully address these types of errors,impacting the overall correction accuracy.This paper introduces a multi-modal feature encoder designed to efficiently extract features from three distinct modalities:pinyin,semantics,and character morphology.Unlike previous methods that rely on direct fusion or fixed-weight summation to integrate multi-modal information,our approach employs a multi-head attention mechanism to focuse more on relevant modal information while dis-regarding less pertinent data.To prevent issues such as gradient explosion or vanishing,the model incorporates a residual connection of the original text vector for fine-tuning.This approach ensures robust model performance by maintaining essential linguistic details throughout the correction process.Experimental evaluations on the SIGHAN benchmark dataset demonstrate that the pro-posed model outperforms baseline approaches across various metrics and datasets,confirming its effectiveness and feasibility.
基金supported by the Research Program of Wuhan Building Energy Efficiency Office(grant number 202331).
文摘Precast concrete pavements(PCPs)represent an innovative solution in the construction industry,addressing the need for rapid,intelligent,and low-carbon pavement technologies that significantly reduce construction time and environmental impact.However,the integration of prefabricated technology in pavement surface and base layers lacks systematic classification and understanding.This paper aims to fill this gap by introducing a detailed analysis of discretization and assembly connection technology for cement concrete pavement(CCP)structures.Through a comprehensive review of domestic and international literature,the study classifies prefabricated pavement technology based on discrete assembly structural layers and presents specific conclusions(i)surface layer discrete units are categorized into bottom plates,top plates,plate-rod separated assemblies,and prestressed connections,with optimal material compositions identified to enhance mechanical properties;(ii)base layer discrete units include block-type,plate-type,and beam-type elements,highlighting their contributions to sustainability by incorporating recycled materials(iii)planar assembly connection types are assessed,ranking them by load transfer efficiency,with specific dimensions provided for optimal performance;and(iv)vertical assembly connections are defined by their leveling and sealing layers,suitable for both new constructions and repairs of existing roads.The insights gained from this review not only clarify the distinctions between various structural layers but also provide practical guidelines for enhancing the design and implementation of PCP.This work contributes to advancing sustainable and resilient road construction practices,making it a significant reference for researchers and practitioners in the field.
文摘Congenital heart disease(CHD)stands as the most common cardiovascular disorder among children,exerting a profound impact on the growth,development,and quality of life of the affected pediatric population.The modified Fontan procedure,the total cavopulmonary connection(TCPC),has become a pivotal palliative or definitive surgical method for treating complex CHD cases,including single ventricle and tricuspid valve atresia.Through staged surgical processes,this technique directly diverts vena cava blood into the pulmonary artery,thus improving the patient’s oxygenation status.Despite the initial success of the Fontan circulation in providing a means for survival in patients with complex CHD,a significant proportion of patients will eventually experience Fontan failure.Fontan failure is a complex syndrome characterized by a constellation of symptoms and signs,including heart failure,arrhythmia,protein-losing enteropathy,and plastic bronchitis.Understanding the contemporary management of failing modified Fontan after TCPC is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes,as the number of adult patients with Fontan circulation continues to grow due to improved surgical techniques and postoperative care.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(223202023G-23)Funds of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Materials,China(KF2203)。
文摘Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP)-aluminum alloys have the advantages of both CFRP and aluminum alloys,but their different properties make the connection challenging.In this study,the response surface method(RSM)was used to optimize the laser and plasma processing parameters for treating the 6061 aluminum alloy(AA 6061)surface.The AA 6061 surface was subjected to laser-plasma co-treatment with the optimized parameters.The CFRP-AA 6061 were prepared by the co-curing method.The interface properties of the CFRP-AA 6061 were evaluated by using the climbing drum peel(CDP)test.The single lap layer shear(SLLS)strengths of different treatment procedures under different service aging conditions were investigated.The optimal laser processing parameters included a laser scanning line spacing of 0.115 mm,a laser scanning rate of 102.719 mm/s and a laser frequency of 10.763 kHz,resulting in an average peel strength of 103.76(N·mm)/mm.The optimal plasma processing parameters included a gas flow rate of 597.383 L/h,a processing distance of 5.821 mm and a processing time of 173.132 s,resulting in an average peel strength of 66.39(N·mm)/mm.Under the optimal laser-plasma co-treatment condition,the average peel strength can reach 113.02(N·mm)/mm,and the interfacial connection is better under different service aging conditions.This research can provide a reference for the interface treatment of composite-metal heterogeneous connections.
文摘In petroleum extraction,the sealing surfaces of bolted joints are susceptible to damage due to the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in wellbores.This damage adversely affects sealing performance,consequently leading to the failure and damage of threaded connections.In severe cases,it can result in considerable economic losses and trigger safety accidents.The sealing performance of special bolted joints holds crucial importance for production efficiency,output,equipment lifespan,and cost control.Enhancing the sealing perfor-mance of threaded connections can have a positive impact on industrial production and environmental protection.The existing research on American Petroleum Institute threaded joints has been thorough and has obtained a series of excellent results.However,the research on the sealing damage mechanism of threaded connections under complex well conditions lacks sufficient depth and that on new sealing technology is scarce.This study proposes a half-size evaluation test to address the abovementioned problem.Based on this test,an investigation into the sealing performance of threaded connections under high-temperature,cyclic loading,and high-temperature creep conditions is conducted.This study uses a combined approach of finite element methods and experiments to investigate the impact of different makeup torques on the sealing performance of premium threaded connections(PTCs).The results of the half-size evaluation test indicate that temperature notably influences the sealing performance of threaded connections.The continuous action of high temperatures causes contact pressure and sealing performance to decrease,and sealing contact pressure increases after cooling.Finite element and test results show that for a certain joint A,the greater the torque,the higher the critical sealing pressure of the thread,and the better the sealing performance.The research on the sealing damage mechanism of PTCs provides a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the further optimization and development of PTCs.
文摘Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.
文摘With the proliferation of online services and applications,adopting Single Sign-On(SSO)mechanisms has become increasingly prevalent.SSO enables users to authenticate once and gain access to multiple services,eliminating the need to provide their credentials repeatedly.However,this convenience raises concerns about user security and privacy.The increasing reliance on SSO and its potential risks make it imperative to comprehensively review the various SSO security and privacy threats,identify gaps in existing systems,and explore effective mitigation solutions.This need motivated the first systematic literature review(SLR)of SSO security and privacy,conducted in this paper.The SLR is performed based on rigorous structured research methodology with specific inclusion/exclusion criteria and focuses specifically on the Web environment.Furthermore,it encompasses a meticulous examination and thematic synthesis of 88 relevant publications selected out of 2315 journal articles and conference/proceeding papers published between 2017 and 2024 from reputable academic databases.The SLR highlights critical security and privacy threats relating to SSO systems,reveals significant gaps in existing countermeasures,and emphasizes the need for more comprehensive protection mechanisms.The findings of this SLR will serve as an invaluable resource for scientists and developers interested in enhancing the security and privacy preservation of SSO and designing more efficient and robust SSO systems,thus contributing to the development of the authentication technologies field.
文摘Duangsamorn Wattanapathitiwong—usually called by her Chinese name Wang Ximei these days—never expected a Chinese television drama to lead her to a life in China,a marriage rooted in cross-cultural understanding,and a profession that now bridges two nations.From a university student in Thailand puzzled by Chinese dialogue to a Thai language lecturer in China influencing the next generation of Thailand-China communicators,Wang’s journey is a story of resilience,romance,and responsibility.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region under the Grant No.14201621。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the distributed Nash equilibrium(NE)seeking problem for aggregative games with multiple uncertain Euler–Lagrange(EL)systems over jointly connected and weight-balanced switching networks.The designed distributed controller consists of two parts:a dynamic average consensus part that asymptotically reproduces the unknown NE,and an adaptive reference-tracking module responsible for steering EL systems’positions to track a desired trajectory.The generalized Barbalat’s Lemma is used to overcome the discontinuity of the closed-loop system caused by the switching networks.The proposed algorithm is illustrated by a sensor network deployment problem.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1001000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82111530212,U23A20282,and 61971255)+2 种基金the Natural Science Founda-tion of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021B1515020092)the Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Fund(Grant No.SZBL2020090501014)the Shenzhen Science,Technology and Innovation Commission(Grant Nos.KJZD20231023094659002,JCYJ20220530142809022,and WDZC20220811170401001).
文摘Neural organoids and confocal microscopy have the potential to play an important role in microconnectome research to understand neural patterns.We present PLayer,a plug-and-play embedded neural system,which demonstrates the utilization of sparse confocal microscopy layers to interpolate continuous axial resolution.With an embedded system focused on neural network pruning,image scaling,and post-processing,PLayer achieves high-performance metrics with an average structural similarity index of 0.9217 and a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 27.75 dB,all within 20 s.This represents a significant time saving of 85.71%with simplified image processing.By harnessing statistical map estimation in interpolation and incorporating the Vision Transformer–based Restorer,PLayer ensures 2D layer consistency while mitigating heavy computational dependence.As such,PLayer can reconstruct 3D neural organoid confocal data continuously under limited computational power for the wide acceptance of fundamental connectomics and pattern-related research with embedded devices.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)23K03898.
文摘Traffic at urban intersections frequently encounters unexpected obstructions,resulting in congestion due to uncooperative and priority-based driving behavior.This paper presents an optimal right-turn coordination system for Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAVs)at single-lane intersections,particularly in the context of left-hand side driving on roads.The goal is to facilitate smooth right turns for certain vehicles without creating bottlenecks.We consider that all approaching vehicles share relevant information through vehicular communications.The Intersection Coordination Unit(ICU)processes this information and communicates the optimal crossing or turning times to the vehicles.The primary objective of this coordination is to minimize overall traffic delays,which also helps improve the fuel consumption of vehicles.By considering information from upcoming vehicles at the intersection,the coordination system solves an optimization problem to determine the best timing for executing right turns,ultimately minimizing the total delay for all vehicles.The proposed coordination system is evaluated at a typical urban intersection,and its performance is compared to traditional traffic systems.Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed coordination system significantly enhances the average traffic speed and fuel consumption compared to the traditional traffic system in various scenarios.
