Enhancing the spatio-temporal connectivity of dynamic landscapes is crucial for species to adapt to climate change.However,the spatio-temporal connectivity network approach considering climate change and species movem...Enhancing the spatio-temporal connectivity of dynamic landscapes is crucial for species to adapt to climate change.However,the spatio-temporal connectivity network approach considering climate change and species movement is often overlooked.Taking Tibetan wild ass on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as an example,we simulated species distribution under current(2019)and future scenarios(2100),constructed spatio-temporal connectivity networks,and assessed the spatio-temporal connectivity.The results show that under the current,SSP2–4.5 and SSP3–7.0 scenarios,suitable habitats for the Tibetan wild ass account for 21.11%,21.34%,and 20.95%of the total area,respectively,with increased fragmentation projected by 2100.78.35%of the habitats which are predicted to be suitable under current conditions will remain suitable in the future,which can be regarded as stable climate refuges.With the increase in future emission intensity,the percentage of auxiliary connectivity corridors increases from 27.65%to 33.57%.This indicates that more patches will function as temporary refuges and the auxiliary connectivity corridors will gradually weaken the dominance of direct connectivity corridors.Under different SSP-RCP scenarios,the internal spatio-temporal connectivity is always higher than direct connectivity and auxiliary connectivity,accounting for 42%–43%.Compared with the spatio-temporal perspective,the purely spatial perspective overestimates network connectivity by about 28%considering all current and future patches,and underestimates network connectivity by 16%–21%when only considering all current or future patches.In this study,a new approach of spatio-temporal connectivity network is proposed to bridge climate refuges,which contributes to the long-term effectiveness of conservation networks for species’adaptation to climate change.展开更多
In Southwest China,five Nature Reserves(NRs)(Mangkang,Baimaxueshan,Yunling,Habaxueshan,and Yunlongtianchi)play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(YSM)(Rhinopithecus bieti).How...In Southwest China,five Nature Reserves(NRs)(Mangkang,Baimaxueshan,Yunling,Habaxueshan,and Yunlongtianchi)play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(YSM)(Rhinopithecus bieti).However,increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors.We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats(PCHs)of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors(PCCs),and defined five scenarios.A normalized importance value index(NIVI)was established to identify the protection priority areas(PPAs)for the YSMs for five scenarios.The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios,thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs.The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios,which implied the maximum importance.There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs(with the longest average length of 223.13 km)which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III.The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs,18 PCCs,and 5 NRs.Under each scenario,most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area.The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs.We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited.The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.展开更多
To fully leverage‘‘smart”transportation infrastructure data-stream investments,the creation of applications that provide real-time meaningful and actionable corridorperformance metrics is needed.However,the presenc...To fully leverage‘‘smart”transportation infrastructure data-stream investments,the creation of applications that provide real-time meaningful and actionable corridorperformance metrics is needed.However,the presence of gaps in data streams can lead to significant application implementation challenges.To demonstrate and help address these challenges,a digital twin smart-corridor application case study is presented with two primary research objectives:(1)explore the characteristics of volume data gaps on the case study corridor,and(2)investigate the feasibility of prioritizing data streams for data imputation to drive the real-time application.For the first objective,a K-means clustering analysis is used to identify similarities and differences among data gap patterns.The clustering analysis successfully identifies eight different data loss patterns.Patterns vary in both continuity and density of data gap occurrences,as well as time-dependent losses in several clusters.For the second objective,a temporal-neighboring interpolation approach for volume data imputation is explored.When investigating the use of temporalneighboring interpolation imputations on the digital twin application,performance is,in part,dependent on the combination of intersection approaches experiencing data loss,demand relative to capacity at individual locations,and the location of the loss along the corridor.The results indicate that these insights could be used to prioritize intersection approaches suitable for data imputation and to identify locations that require a more sensitive imputation methodology or improved maintenance and monitoring.展开更多
Expanding the network of connected and resilient protected areas(PAs)for climate change adaptation can help species track suitable climate conditions and safeguard biodiversity.This is often overlooked when expanding ...Expanding the network of connected and resilient protected areas(PAs)for climate change adaptation can help species track suitable climate conditions and safeguard biodiversity.This is often overlooked when expanding PAs and quantifying their benefits,resulting in an underestimate of the benefits of expanding PAs.We expanded PAs through terrestrial mammalian species distribution hotspots,Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs),and wilderness areas.Then,we constructed climate connectivity networks using a resistance-based approach and further quantified the network resilience to propose resilient climate response strategies in China.The results showed that existing PAs suffered from location biases with important biodiversity areas.The existing PAs represented about half of the KBAs and wilderness areas,yet only 12.08%of terrestrial mammalian species distribution hotspots were located within existing PAs.Compared with the existing PA network,the network efficiency and resilience of the expanded PAs'climate connectivity increased to 1.80 times and 1.78 times,respectively.With 56%of the nodes remaining,the network efficiency of the expanded PAs was equivalent to that of the existing PAs with all nodes.The network resilience of preferentially protecting and restoring low human footprint patches was approximately 1.5–2 times that of the random scenario.These findings highlighted that confronted with the unoptimistic situation of global warming,nature conservation based on existing PAs was no longer optimal.It was critical to construct a connected and resilient conservation network relying on both important biodiversity areas and low human footprint patches.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1303201).
文摘Enhancing the spatio-temporal connectivity of dynamic landscapes is crucial for species to adapt to climate change.However,the spatio-temporal connectivity network approach considering climate change and species movement is often overlooked.Taking Tibetan wild ass on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as an example,we simulated species distribution under current(2019)and future scenarios(2100),constructed spatio-temporal connectivity networks,and assessed the spatio-temporal connectivity.The results show that under the current,SSP2–4.5 and SSP3–7.0 scenarios,suitable habitats for the Tibetan wild ass account for 21.11%,21.34%,and 20.95%of the total area,respectively,with increased fragmentation projected by 2100.78.35%of the habitats which are predicted to be suitable under current conditions will remain suitable in the future,which can be regarded as stable climate refuges.With the increase in future emission intensity,the percentage of auxiliary connectivity corridors increases from 27.65%to 33.57%.This indicates that more patches will function as temporary refuges and the auxiliary connectivity corridors will gradually weaken the dominance of direct connectivity corridors.Under different SSP-RCP scenarios,the internal spatio-temporal connectivity is always higher than direct connectivity and auxiliary connectivity,accounting for 42%–43%.Compared with the spatio-temporal perspective,the purely spatial perspective overestimates network connectivity by about 28%considering all current and future patches,and underestimates network connectivity by 16%–21%when only considering all current or future patches.In this study,a new approach of spatio-temporal connectivity network is proposed to bridge climate refuges,which contributes to the long-term effectiveness of conservation networks for species’adaptation to climate change.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC0502102
文摘In Southwest China,five Nature Reserves(NRs)(Mangkang,Baimaxueshan,Yunling,Habaxueshan,and Yunlongtianchi)play a key role in protecting the endemic and endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(YSM)(Rhinopithecus bieti).However,increasing human activities threaten its habitats and corridors.We used a GIS-based Niche Model to delineate potential core habitats(PCHs)of the YSMs and a Linkage Mapper corridor simulation tool to restore potential connectivity corridors(PCCs),and defined five scenarios.A normalized importance value index(NIVI)was established to identify the protection priority areas(PPAs)for the YSMs for five scenarios.The results indicated that locations of the habitats and corridors were different in the five scenarios,thereby influencing the distribution of the PPAs and protection network of the YSMs.The NIVI value of Baimaxueshan nature reserve was 1 in the five scenarios,which implied the maximum importance.There were only 7 PCHs and 16 PCCs(with the longest average length of 223.13 km)which were mainly located around 5 NRs in scenario III.The protection network of the YSMs was composed of 16 PCHs,18 PCCs,and 5 NRs.Under each scenario,most of the PCHs and the PCCs were located in the south of the study area.The five NRs only covered 2 PPAs of the YSMs.We suggest that the southern part of the study area needs to be strictly protected and human activities should be limited.The area of the five NRs should be expanded to maximize protection of the YSMs in the future.
基金supported in part by the City of Atlanta(CoA)under Research Project FC-9930-Smart Cities Traffic Congestion Mitigation Program and in part by the National Center of Sustainable Transportation(NCST)under NCST Dissertation Fund.
文摘To fully leverage‘‘smart”transportation infrastructure data-stream investments,the creation of applications that provide real-time meaningful and actionable corridorperformance metrics is needed.However,the presence of gaps in data streams can lead to significant application implementation challenges.To demonstrate and help address these challenges,a digital twin smart-corridor application case study is presented with two primary research objectives:(1)explore the characteristics of volume data gaps on the case study corridor,and(2)investigate the feasibility of prioritizing data streams for data imputation to drive the real-time application.For the first objective,a K-means clustering analysis is used to identify similarities and differences among data gap patterns.The clustering analysis successfully identifies eight different data loss patterns.Patterns vary in both continuity and density of data gap occurrences,as well as time-dependent losses in several clusters.For the second objective,a temporal-neighboring interpolation approach for volume data imputation is explored.When investigating the use of temporalneighboring interpolation imputations on the digital twin application,performance is,in part,dependent on the combination of intersection approaches experiencing data loss,demand relative to capacity at individual locations,and the location of the loss along the corridor.The results indicate that these insights could be used to prioritize intersection approaches suitable for data imputation and to identify locations that require a more sensitive imputation methodology or improved maintenance and monitoring.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1303201)。
文摘Expanding the network of connected and resilient protected areas(PAs)for climate change adaptation can help species track suitable climate conditions and safeguard biodiversity.This is often overlooked when expanding PAs and quantifying their benefits,resulting in an underestimate of the benefits of expanding PAs.We expanded PAs through terrestrial mammalian species distribution hotspots,Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs),and wilderness areas.Then,we constructed climate connectivity networks using a resistance-based approach and further quantified the network resilience to propose resilient climate response strategies in China.The results showed that existing PAs suffered from location biases with important biodiversity areas.The existing PAs represented about half of the KBAs and wilderness areas,yet only 12.08%of terrestrial mammalian species distribution hotspots were located within existing PAs.Compared with the existing PA network,the network efficiency and resilience of the expanded PAs'climate connectivity increased to 1.80 times and 1.78 times,respectively.With 56%of the nodes remaining,the network efficiency of the expanded PAs was equivalent to that of the existing PAs with all nodes.The network resilience of preferentially protecting and restoring low human footprint patches was approximately 1.5–2 times that of the random scenario.These findings highlighted that confronted with the unoptimistic situation of global warming,nature conservation based on existing PAs was no longer optimal.It was critical to construct a connected and resilient conservation network relying on both important biodiversity areas and low human footprint patches.
