This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fati...This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major ...BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.展开更多
The development of brain-computer interfaces(BCI)based on motor imagery(MI)has greatly improved patients’quality of life with movement disorders.The classification of upper limb MI has been widely studied and applied...The development of brain-computer interfaces(BCI)based on motor imagery(MI)has greatly improved patients’quality of life with movement disorders.The classification of upper limb MI has been widely studied and applied in many fields,including rehabilitation.However,the physiological representations of left and right lower limb movements are too close and activated deep in the cerebral cortex,making it difficult to distinguish their features.Therefore,classifying lower limbs motor imagery is more challenging.In this study,we propose a feature extraction method based on functional connectivity,which utilizes phase-locked values to construct a functional connectivity matrix as the features of the left and right legs,which can effectively avoid the problem of physiological representations of the left and right lower limbs being too close to each other during movement.In addition,considering the topology and the temporal characteristics of the electroencephalogram(EEG),we designed a temporal-spatial convolutional network(TSGCN)to capture the spatiotemporal information for classification.Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than that of existing methods,achieving an average classification accuracy of 73.58%on the internal dataset.Finally,this study explains the network mechanism of left and right foot MI from the perspective of graph theoretic features and demonstrates the feasibility of decoding lower limb MI.展开更多
This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation...This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation systems.The research methods include the construction of a theoretical model of safety for intelligent connected vehicles based on the concept of virtual twins,the correlation study between key concepts and functional safety,and the application research of virtual twin technology in the safety testing of intelligent connected vehicles.The results reveal that the virtual twin testing framework can effectively enhance the functional safety of intelligent connected vehicles,reduce development costs,and shorten the product launch cycle.The conclusion suggests that this framework provides strong support for the healthy development of the intelligent connected vehicle industry and has a positive impact on the safety and efficiency of intelligent transportation systems.展开更多
Typical Hall plates for practical magnetic field sensing purposes are plane, simply-connected regions with peripheral contacts. Their output voltage is the sum of even and odd functions of the applied magnetic field. ...Typical Hall plates for practical magnetic field sensing purposes are plane, simply-connected regions with peripheral contacts. Their output voltage is the sum of even and odd functions of the applied magnetic field. They are commonly called offset and Hall voltage. Contemporary smart Hall sensor circuits extract the Hall voltage via spinning current Hall probe schemes, thereby cancelling out the offset very efficiently. The magnetic field response of such Hall plates can be computed via the electric potential or via the stream function. Conversely, Hall plates with holes show new phenomena: 1) the stream function exists only for a limited class of multiply-connected domains, and 2) a sub-class of 1) behaves like a Hall/Anti-Hall bar configuration, i.e., no Hall voltage appears between any two points on the hole boundary if current contacts are on their outer boundary. The paper studies the requirements under which these effects occur. Canonical cases of simply and doubly connected domains are computed analytically. The focus is on 2D multiply-connected Hall plates where all boundaries are insulating and where all current contacts are point sized.展开更多
The present article is an account of results on univalent functions in multiply connected domains obtained by the author. It contains two rery simple proofs of Villat's formula; Schwarz's formula, Poisson'...The present article is an account of results on univalent functions in multiply connected domains obtained by the author. It contains two rery simple proofs of Villat's formula; Schwarz's formula, Poisson's formula and Poisson-Jensen formula in multiply connected domains; the differentiability theorem with respect to the parameter of analytic function family containing one parametric variable on multiply connected domains; variation theorem and parametric representation theorem of univalent functions in multiply connected domains; the solution of an extremal problem of differentiable functionals.展开更多
Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism during general anesthesia in adults.However,the mechanism of propofol-induced moderate-deep sedation(PMDS)in modulating pediatric...Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism during general anesthesia in adults.However,the mechanism of propofol-induced moderate-deep sedation(PMDS)in modulating pediatric neural activity remains unknown,which therefore was investigated in the present study based on functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods:A total of 41 children(5.10�1.14 years,male/female 21/20)with fMRI were employed to construct the functional connectivity network(FCN).The network communication,graph-theoretic properties,and network hub identification were statistically analyzed(t test and Bonferroni correction)between sedation(21 children)and awake(20 children)groups.All involved analyses were established on the whole-brain FCN and seven sub-networks,which included the default mode network(DMN),dorsal attentional network(DAN),salience network(SAN),auditory network(AUD),visual network(VIS),subcortical network(SUB),and other networks(Other).Results:Under PMDS,significant decreases in network communication were observed between SUB-VIS,SUB-DAN,and VIS-DAN,and between brain regions from the temporal lobe,limbic system,and subcortical tissues.However,no significant decrease in thalamus-related communication was observed.Most graph-theoretic properties were significantly decreased in the sedation group,and all graphical features of the DMN showed significant group differences.The superior parietal cortex with different neurological functions was identified as a network hub that was not greatly affected.Conclusions:Although the children had a depressed level of neural activity under PMDS,the crucial thalamus-related communication was maintained,and the network hub superior parietal cortex stayed active,which highlighted clinical prac-tices that the human body under PMDS is still perceptible to external stimuli and can be awakened by sound or touch.展开更多
In this study,we systematically tested the hypothesis that during the critical developmental period of adolescence,on a macro scale,the concentrations of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters(glutamate/glu...In this study,we systematically tested the hypothesis that during the critical developmental period of adolescence,on a macro scale,the concentrations of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters(glutamate/glutamine andγ‑aminobutyric acid[GABA])in the dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex are associated with the brain’s functional connectivity and an individual’s psychopathology.Neurotransmitters were measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy while functional connectivity was measured with resting-state fMRI(n=121).Seed-based and network-based analyses revealed associations of neurotransmitter concentrations and functional connectivities between regions/networks that are connected to prefrontal cortices via structural connections that are thought to be under dynamic development during adolescence.These regions tend to be boundary areas between functional networks.Furthermore,several connectivities were found to be associated with individual’s levels of internalizing psychopathology.These findings provide insights into specific neurochemical mechanisms underlying the brain’s macroscale functional organization,its development during adolescence,and its potential associations with symptoms associated with internalizing psychopathology.展开更多
AIM:To analyze whether alterations of voxel mirror homology connectivity(VMHC)values,as determined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI),occur in cerebral regions of patients with hypertensive...AIM:To analyze whether alterations of voxel mirror homology connectivity(VMHC)values,as determined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI),occur in cerebral regions of patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to determine the relationship between VMHC values and clinical characteristics in patients with HR.METHODS:Twenty-one patients with HR and 21 agematched healthy controls(HCs)were assessed by rsfMRI scanning.The functional connectivity between the hemispheres of the cerebrum was assessed by measuring VMHC,with the ability of VMHC to distinguish between the HR and HC groups assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the HR and HC groups were analyzed by independent sample t-tests.The relationship between average VMHC in several brain areas of HR patients and clinical features was determined using Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS:Mean VMHC values of the bilateral cuneus gyrus(BA19),bilateral middle orbitofrontal gyrus(BA47),bilateral middle temporal gyrus(BA39)and bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus(BA9)were lower in the HR than in the HC group.CONCLUSION:VMHC values can predict the development of early HR,prevent the transformation of hypertensive microangiopathy,and provide useful information explaining the changes in neural mechanism associated with HR.展开更多
The ability to localize sound sources rapidly allows human beings to efficiently understand the surrounding environment.Previous studies have suggested that there is an auditory“where”pathway in the cortex for proce...The ability to localize sound sources rapidly allows human beings to efficiently understand the surrounding environment.Previous studies have suggested that there is an auditory“where”pathway in the cortex for processing sound locations.The neural activation in regions along this pathway encodes sound locations by opponent hemifield coding,in which each unilateral region is activated by sounds coming from the contralateral hemifield.However,it is still unclear how these regions interact with each other to form a unified representation of the auditory space.In the present study,we investigated whether functional connectivity in the auditory“where”pathway encoded sound locations during passive listening.Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while passively listening to sounds from five distinct horizontal locations(−90°,−45°,0°,45°,90°).We were able to decode sound locations from the functional connectivity patterns of the“where”pathway.Furthermore,we found that such neural representation of sound locations was primarily based on the coding of sound lateralization angles to the frontal midline.In addition,whole-brain analysis indicated that functional connectivity between occipital regions and the primary auditory cortex also encoded sound locations by lateralization angles.Overall,our results reveal a lateralization-angle-based representation of sound locations encoded by functional connectivity patterns,which could add on the activation-based opponent hemifield coding to provide a more precise representation of the auditory space.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease(CTDILD)experience not only progressive respiratory impairment but also a significant psychological burden.The prevalence and impa...BACKGROUND Patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease(CTDILD)experience not only progressive respiratory impairment but also a significant psychological burden.The prevalence and impact of anxiety and depression and their intricate relationship with dyspnea severity and pulmonary function decline remain inadequately characterized in this population,hindering comprehensive care.AIM To explore the incidence of anxiety and depression in CTD-ILD and its relationship with dyspnea severity and pulmonary function index.METHODS Data of 100 patients with CTD-ILD(January 2022-June 2024)were retrospectively analyzed.Baseline demographic,pulmonary function[forced vital capacity(FVC%)and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide(DLCO%)],modified medical research council(mMRC)score,and psychological scale[generalized anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7)and patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)]were collected.Pulmonary function was reviewed every 3 months,and highresolution computed tomography was performed every 6 months following standardized treatment(glucocorticoids+immunosuppressive+anti-fibrosis agents).Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis,linear mixed effect model,and Cox regression were used to analyze the correlation between anxiety and depression and physiological indicators as well as the prognosis.RESULTS Baseline prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety(GAD-7≥10)and depression(PHQ-9≥10)was 38%and 42%,respectively.Following 24 weeks of treatment,pulmonary function(FVC%:72.11±13.08 vs 67.89±12.73;DLCO%:60.67±13.76 vs 55.32±13.95,both P<0.05),psychological scores(GAD-7 and PHQ-9,P<0.05),and inflammatory markers[C-reactive protein(CRP)and erythrocyte sedimentation,P<0.05]significantly improved.The levels of inflammatory indicators were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The GAD-7/PHQ-9 scores negatively correlated with FVC%and DLCO%(P<0.05)and positively correlated with the mMRC scores and CRP(P<0.05).The mixed model showed that for each one-point increase in GAD-7/PHQ-9,FVC%decreased by 0.412%/0.426%(P<0.01).Cox regression analysis showed that for every liter of GAD-7 and PHQ-9,the risk of pulmonary function deterioration increased by 12.8%and 14.2%,respectively(hazard ratio=1.128 and 1.142,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression in patients with CTD-ILD constituted a bidirectional negative feedback loop involving pulmonary function impairment,inflammatory activity,and dyspnea.Psychological disorders were identified as independent risk factors for deterioration of pulmonary function.Psychological evaluation and intervention should be integrated clinically to block brain–lung axis-mediated neuroendocrine–immune network imbalance and improve prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explo...BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explore the potential characteristics of the brain network and functional connectivity(FC)of SA.METHODS Twenty-six SA individuals and 47 usual aging individuals were recruited from community-dwelling elderly,which were taken the magnetic resonance imaging scan and the global cognitive function assessment by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).The resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging data were preprocessed by DPABISurf,and the brain functional network was conducted by DPABINet.The support vector machine model was constructed with altered functional connectivities to evaluate the identification value of SA.RESULTS The results found that the 6 inter-network FCs of 5 brain networks were significantly altered and related to MMSE performance.The FC of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus was mostly increased and positively related to MMSE score,and the FC of the right supramarginal gyrus and right temporal pole:Middle temporal gyrus was the only one decreased and negatively related to MMSE score.All 17 significantly altered FCs of SA were taken into the support vector machine model,and the area under the curve was 0.895.CONCLUSION The identification of key brain networks and FC of SA could help us better understand the brain mechanism and further explore neuroimaging biomarkers of SA.展开更多
This paper deals with the optimality conditions and dual theory of multi-objective programming problems involving generalized convexity. New classes of generalized type-I functions are introduced for arcwise connected...This paper deals with the optimality conditions and dual theory of multi-objective programming problems involving generalized convexity. New classes of generalized type-I functions are introduced for arcwise connected functions, and examples are given to show the existence of these functions. By utilizing the new concepts, several sufficient optimality conditions and Mond-Weir type duality results are proposed for non-differentiable multi-objective programming problem.展开更多
Organic and pharmaceutical synthesis have traditionally relied on the stepwise transformation ofactivated functional groups to synthesize cyclic molecules.The design of valuable heterocyclic compounds,for instance,has...Organic and pharmaceutical synthesis have traditionally relied on the stepwise transformation ofactivated functional groups to synthesize cyclic molecules.The design of valuable heterocyclic compounds,for instance,has depended on multi-step routes such as polar or radical cyclization,cycloadditions,and the manipulation of various functional groups to achieve ring formation or connection[1,2].展开更多
People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognitive functions, particularly emotion regulation. Abnormal activations of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） during emotional tasks have been demonstra...People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognitive functions, particularly emotion regulation. Abnormal activations of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） during emotional tasks have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, suggesting its important role in emotion processing in patients. We used the resting-state functional connectivity approach, setting a functionally relevant region, the vMPFC, as a seed region to examine the intrinsic functional interactions and communication between the vMPFC and other brain regions in schizophrenic patients. We found hypo-connectivity between the vMPFC and the medial frontal cortex, right middle temporal lobe （MTL）, right hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex （PHC） and amygdala. Further, there was a decreased strength of the negative connectivity （or anticorrelation） between the vMPFC and the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC） and pre-supplementary motor areas. Among these connectivity alterations, reduced vMPFC-DLPFC connectivity was positively correlated with positive symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, while vMPFC-right MTL/PHC/amygdala functional connectivity was positively correlated with the performance of emotional regulation in patients. These findings imply that communication and coordination throughout the brain networks are disrupted in schizophrenia. The emotional correlates of vMPFC connectivity suggest a role of the hypo-connectivity between these regions in the neuropathology of abnormal social cognition in chronic schizophrenia.展开更多
Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network(DMN).However,the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder(PBD)rema...Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network(DMN).However,the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder(PBD)remain unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of PBD through brain imaging and explore the influence of psychotic symptoms on functional alterations in PBD patients.Twenty-nine psychotic and 26 non-psychotic PBD patients,as well as 19 age-and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a restingstate functional MRI scan and the data were analyzed by independent component analysis.The DMN component from the fMRI data was extracted for each participant.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between aberrant connectivity and clinical measurements.The results demonstrated that psychotic PBD was characterized by aberrant DMN connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex,bilateral caudate nucleus,bilateral angular gyri,and left middle temporal gyrus,while non-psychotic PBD was not,suggesting further impairment with the development of psychosis.In summary,we demonstrated unique impairment in DMN functional connectivity in the psychotic PBD group.These specific neuroanatomical abnormalities may shed light on the underlying pathophysiology and presentation of PBD.展开更多
The main symptom of patients with Alzheimer’s disease is cognitive dysfunction. Alzheimer’s disease is mainly diagnosed based on changes in brain structure. Functional connectivity reflects the synchrony of function...The main symptom of patients with Alzheimer’s disease is cognitive dysfunction. Alzheimer’s disease is mainly diagnosed based on changes in brain structure. Functional connectivity reflects the synchrony of functional activities between non-adjacent brain regions, and changes in functional connectivity appear earlier than those in brain structure. In this study, we detected resting-state functional connectivity changes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease to provide reference evidence for disease prediction. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data from patients with Alzheimer’s disease were used to show whether particular white and gray matter areas had certain functional connectivity patterns and if these patterns changed with disease severity. In nine white and corresponding gray matter regions, correlations of normal cognition, early mild cognitive impairment, and late mild cognitive impairment with blood oxygen level-dependent signal time series were detected. Average correlation coefficient analysis indicated functional connectivity patterns between white and gray matter in the resting state of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Functional connectivity pattern variation correlated with disease severity, with some regions having relatively strong or weak correlations. We found that the correlation coefficients of five regions were 0.3–0.5 in patients with normal cognition and 0–0.2 in those developing Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, in the other four regions, the range increased to 0.45–0.7 with increasing cognitive impairment. In some white and gray matter areas, there were specific connectivity patterns. Changes in regional white and gray matter connectivity patterns may be used to predict Alzheimer’s disease;however, detailed information on specific connectivity patterns is needed. All study data were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Library of the Image and Data Archive Database.展开更多
An unidirectional and bidirectional hybrid connective star network model with coupling time-delay is constructed in this paper. According to synchronization error systems, adaptive controllers for each node are struct...An unidirectional and bidirectional hybrid connective star network model with coupling time-delay is constructed in this paper. According to synchronization error systems, adaptive controllers for each node are structured by using the linear system stability method and the Lyapunov stability method. These adaptive controllers can realize the modified functional projective synchronization between each node of star network and an isolated node by argument and analysis. Finally, the corrective and effective of the adaptive controllers are illustrated by some numerical examples.展开更多
Studies have shown that functional network connection models can be used to study brain net- work changes in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we inferred that these models could also be used to explore func...Studies have shown that functional network connection models can be used to study brain net- work changes in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we inferred that these models could also be used to explore functional network connectivity changes in stroke patients. We used independent component analysis to find the motor areas of stroke patients, which is a novel way to determine these areas. In this study, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets from healthy controls and right-handed stroke patients following their first ever stroke. Using independent component analysis, six spatially independent components highly correlat- ed to the experimental paradigm were extracted. Then, the functional network connectivity of both patients and controls was established to observe the differences between them. The results showed that there were 11 connections in the model in the stroke patients, while there were only four connections in the healthy controls. Further analysis found that some damaged connections may be compensated for by new indirect connections or circuits produced after stroke. These connections may have a direct correlation with the degree of stroke rehabilitation. Our findings suggest that functional network connectivity in stroke patients is more complex than that in hea- lthy controls, and that there is a compensation loop in the functional network following stroke. This implies that functional network reorganization plays a very important role in the process of rehabilitation after stroke.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.11932013].
文摘This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.
基金Supported by Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Laboratory,No.SZS2024016Multicenter Clinical Research on Major Diseases in Suzhou,No.DZXYJ202413.
文摘BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62172368the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant LR22F020003.
文摘The development of brain-computer interfaces(BCI)based on motor imagery(MI)has greatly improved patients’quality of life with movement disorders.The classification of upper limb MI has been widely studied and applied in many fields,including rehabilitation.However,the physiological representations of left and right lower limb movements are too close and activated deep in the cerebral cortex,making it difficult to distinguish their features.Therefore,classifying lower limbs motor imagery is more challenging.In this study,we propose a feature extraction method based on functional connectivity,which utilizes phase-locked values to construct a functional connectivity matrix as the features of the left and right legs,which can effectively avoid the problem of physiological representations of the left and right lower limbs being too close to each other during movement.In addition,considering the topology and the temporal characteristics of the electroencephalogram(EEG),we designed a temporal-spatial convolutional network(TSGCN)to capture the spatiotemporal information for classification.Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than that of existing methods,achieving an average classification accuracy of 73.58%on the internal dataset.Finally,this study explains the network mechanism of left and right foot MI from the perspective of graph theoretic features and demonstrates the feasibility of decoding lower limb MI.
文摘This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation systems.The research methods include the construction of a theoretical model of safety for intelligent connected vehicles based on the concept of virtual twins,the correlation study between key concepts and functional safety,and the application research of virtual twin technology in the safety testing of intelligent connected vehicles.The results reveal that the virtual twin testing framework can effectively enhance the functional safety of intelligent connected vehicles,reduce development costs,and shorten the product launch cycle.The conclusion suggests that this framework provides strong support for the healthy development of the intelligent connected vehicle industry and has a positive impact on the safety and efficiency of intelligent transportation systems.
文摘Typical Hall plates for practical magnetic field sensing purposes are plane, simply-connected regions with peripheral contacts. Their output voltage is the sum of even and odd functions of the applied magnetic field. They are commonly called offset and Hall voltage. Contemporary smart Hall sensor circuits extract the Hall voltage via spinning current Hall probe schemes, thereby cancelling out the offset very efficiently. The magnetic field response of such Hall plates can be computed via the electric potential or via the stream function. Conversely, Hall plates with holes show new phenomena: 1) the stream function exists only for a limited class of multiply-connected domains, and 2) a sub-class of 1) behaves like a Hall/Anti-Hall bar configuration, i.e., no Hall voltage appears between any two points on the hole boundary if current contacts are on their outer boundary. The paper studies the requirements under which these effects occur. Canonical cases of simply and doubly connected domains are computed analytically. The focus is on 2D multiply-connected Hall plates where all boundaries are insulating and where all current contacts are point sized.
文摘The present article is an account of results on univalent functions in multiply connected domains obtained by the author. It contains two rery simple proofs of Villat's formula; Schwarz's formula, Poisson's formula and Poisson-Jensen formula in multiply connected domains; the differentiability theorem with respect to the parameter of analytic function family containing one parametric variable on multiply connected domains; variation theorem and parametric representation theorem of univalent functions in multiply connected domains; the solution of an extremal problem of differentiable functionals.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,ZR2024MH072Open Project of Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province,Xiangnan University,YXZN2022002+2 种基金Projects of Xiamen Scientific and Technological Plan,3502Z20199096 and 3502Z20209220the National Natural Science Foundation of China,61802330the Yantai City Science and Technology Innovation Development Plan,2023XDRH006.
文摘Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism during general anesthesia in adults.However,the mechanism of propofol-induced moderate-deep sedation(PMDS)in modulating pediatric neural activity remains unknown,which therefore was investigated in the present study based on functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods:A total of 41 children(5.10�1.14 years,male/female 21/20)with fMRI were employed to construct the functional connectivity network(FCN).The network communication,graph-theoretic properties,and network hub identification were statistically analyzed(t test and Bonferroni correction)between sedation(21 children)and awake(20 children)groups.All involved analyses were established on the whole-brain FCN and seven sub-networks,which included the default mode network(DMN),dorsal attentional network(DAN),salience network(SAN),auditory network(AUD),visual network(VIS),subcortical network(SUB),and other networks(Other).Results:Under PMDS,significant decreases in network communication were observed between SUB-VIS,SUB-DAN,and VIS-DAN,and between brain regions from the temporal lobe,limbic system,and subcortical tissues.However,no significant decrease in thalamus-related communication was observed.Most graph-theoretic properties were significantly decreased in the sedation group,and all graphical features of the DMN showed significant group differences.The superior parietal cortex with different neurological functions was identified as a network hub that was not greatly affected.Conclusions:Although the children had a depressed level of neural activity under PMDS,the crucial thalamus-related communication was maintained,and the network hub superior parietal cortex stayed active,which highlighted clinical prac-tices that the human body under PMDS is still perceptible to external stimuli and can be awakened by sound or touch.
基金supported by NIMH grant R01105501(PI:MTB and BLK).
文摘In this study,we systematically tested the hypothesis that during the critical developmental period of adolescence,on a macro scale,the concentrations of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters(glutamate/glutamine andγ‑aminobutyric acid[GABA])in the dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex are associated with the brain’s functional connectivity and an individual’s psychopathology.Neurotransmitters were measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy while functional connectivity was measured with resting-state fMRI(n=121).Seed-based and network-based analyses revealed associations of neurotransmitter concentrations and functional connectivities between regions/networks that are connected to prefrontal cortices via structural connections that are thought to be under dynamic development during adolescence.These regions tend to be boundary areas between functional networks.Furthermore,several connectivities were found to be associated with individual’s levels of internalizing psychopathology.These findings provide insights into specific neurochemical mechanisms underlying the brain’s macroscale functional organization,its development during adolescence,and its potential associations with symptoms associated with internalizing psychopathology.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195,No.82460203).
文摘AIM:To analyze whether alterations of voxel mirror homology connectivity(VMHC)values,as determined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI),occur in cerebral regions of patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to determine the relationship between VMHC values and clinical characteristics in patients with HR.METHODS:Twenty-one patients with HR and 21 agematched healthy controls(HCs)were assessed by rsfMRI scanning.The functional connectivity between the hemispheres of the cerebrum was assessed by measuring VMHC,with the ability of VMHC to distinguish between the HR and HC groups assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the HR and HC groups were analyzed by independent sample t-tests.The relationship between average VMHC in several brain areas of HR patients and clinical features was determined using Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS:Mean VMHC values of the bilateral cuneus gyrus(BA19),bilateral middle orbitofrontal gyrus(BA47),bilateral middle temporal gyrus(BA39)and bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus(BA9)were lower in the HR than in the HC group.CONCLUSION:VMHC values can predict the development of early HR,prevent the transformation of hypertensive microangiopathy,and provide useful information explaining the changes in neural mechanism associated with HR.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1203502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171300,62301343,and 62394314)+1 种基金the Project of Cultivation for Young Top-Notch Talents of Beijing Municipal Institutions(BPHR202203109)the Capital Medical University Research and Development Fund(PYZ22027).
文摘The ability to localize sound sources rapidly allows human beings to efficiently understand the surrounding environment.Previous studies have suggested that there is an auditory“where”pathway in the cortex for processing sound locations.The neural activation in regions along this pathway encodes sound locations by opponent hemifield coding,in which each unilateral region is activated by sounds coming from the contralateral hemifield.However,it is still unclear how these regions interact with each other to form a unified representation of the auditory space.In the present study,we investigated whether functional connectivity in the auditory“where”pathway encoded sound locations during passive listening.Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while passively listening to sounds from five distinct horizontal locations(−90°,−45°,0°,45°,90°).We were able to decode sound locations from the functional connectivity patterns of the“where”pathway.Furthermore,we found that such neural representation of sound locations was primarily based on the coding of sound lateralization angles to the frontal midline.In addition,whole-brain analysis indicated that functional connectivity between occipital regions and the primary auditory cortex also encoded sound locations by lateralization angles.Overall,our results reveal a lateralization-angle-based representation of sound locations encoded by functional connectivity patterns,which could add on the activation-based opponent hemifield coding to provide a more precise representation of the auditory space.
基金Supported by Construction of a High-level Research-oriented Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,No.YC-2023-0901.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease(CTDILD)experience not only progressive respiratory impairment but also a significant psychological burden.The prevalence and impact of anxiety and depression and their intricate relationship with dyspnea severity and pulmonary function decline remain inadequately characterized in this population,hindering comprehensive care.AIM To explore the incidence of anxiety and depression in CTD-ILD and its relationship with dyspnea severity and pulmonary function index.METHODS Data of 100 patients with CTD-ILD(January 2022-June 2024)were retrospectively analyzed.Baseline demographic,pulmonary function[forced vital capacity(FVC%)and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide(DLCO%)],modified medical research council(mMRC)score,and psychological scale[generalized anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7)and patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)]were collected.Pulmonary function was reviewed every 3 months,and highresolution computed tomography was performed every 6 months following standardized treatment(glucocorticoids+immunosuppressive+anti-fibrosis agents).Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis,linear mixed effect model,and Cox regression were used to analyze the correlation between anxiety and depression and physiological indicators as well as the prognosis.RESULTS Baseline prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety(GAD-7≥10)and depression(PHQ-9≥10)was 38%and 42%,respectively.Following 24 weeks of treatment,pulmonary function(FVC%:72.11±13.08 vs 67.89±12.73;DLCO%:60.67±13.76 vs 55.32±13.95,both P<0.05),psychological scores(GAD-7 and PHQ-9,P<0.05),and inflammatory markers[C-reactive protein(CRP)and erythrocyte sedimentation,P<0.05]significantly improved.The levels of inflammatory indicators were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The GAD-7/PHQ-9 scores negatively correlated with FVC%and DLCO%(P<0.05)and positively correlated with the mMRC scores and CRP(P<0.05).The mixed model showed that for each one-point increase in GAD-7/PHQ-9,FVC%decreased by 0.412%/0.426%(P<0.01).Cox regression analysis showed that for every liter of GAD-7 and PHQ-9,the risk of pulmonary function deterioration increased by 12.8%and 14.2%,respectively(hazard ratio=1.128 and 1.142,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression in patients with CTD-ILD constituted a bidirectional negative feedback loop involving pulmonary function impairment,inflammatory activity,and dyspnea.Psychological disorders were identified as independent risk factors for deterioration of pulmonary function.Psychological evaluation and intervention should be integrated clinically to block brain–lung axis-mediated neuroendocrine–immune network imbalance and improve prognosis.
基金Supported by the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Major Project,No.Z202107。
文摘BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explore the potential characteristics of the brain network and functional connectivity(FC)of SA.METHODS Twenty-six SA individuals and 47 usual aging individuals were recruited from community-dwelling elderly,which were taken the magnetic resonance imaging scan and the global cognitive function assessment by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).The resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging data were preprocessed by DPABISurf,and the brain functional network was conducted by DPABINet.The support vector machine model was constructed with altered functional connectivities to evaluate the identification value of SA.RESULTS The results found that the 6 inter-network FCs of 5 brain networks were significantly altered and related to MMSE performance.The FC of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus was mostly increased and positively related to MMSE score,and the FC of the right supramarginal gyrus and right temporal pole:Middle temporal gyrus was the only one decreased and negatively related to MMSE score.All 17 significantly altered FCs of SA were taken into the support vector machine model,and the area under the curve was 0.895.CONCLUSION The identification of key brain networks and FC of SA could help us better understand the brain mechanism and further explore neuroimaging biomarkers of SA.
文摘This paper deals with the optimality conditions and dual theory of multi-objective programming problems involving generalized convexity. New classes of generalized type-I functions are introduced for arcwise connected functions, and examples are given to show the existence of these functions. By utilizing the new concepts, several sufficient optimality conditions and Mond-Weir type duality results are proposed for non-differentiable multi-objective programming problem.
基金supported by the MSIT(2022R1F1A106268,RS-2023-00213491,RS-2023-00219859,RS-2024-00405261,RS-2024-00409589,RS-2025-25460522,and RS-2025-00642970)Republic of Korea,the InnoCORE program of the Ministry of Science and ICT of Korea(N10250153 and 1.250022.01)the Creative Research Program and KAIST Cross-Generation Collaborative Lab Project.
文摘Organic and pharmaceutical synthesis have traditionally relied on the stepwise transformation ofactivated functional groups to synthesize cyclic molecules.The design of valuable heterocyclic compounds,for instance,has depended on multi-step routes such as polar or radical cyclization,cycloadditions,and the manipulation of various functional groups to achieve ring formation or connection[1,2].
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission(D0906001040191,D101107047810005,D101100050010051)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7102086)+3 种基金the Fund for Capital Medical Development and Research(2007-3059)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81171409)Startup Foundation for Distinguished Research Professors of the Institute for Psychology(Y0CX492S03)Fund for Outstanding Talents in Beijing(2012D003034000003)
文摘People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognitive functions, particularly emotion regulation. Abnormal activations of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） during emotional tasks have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, suggesting its important role in emotion processing in patients. We used the resting-state functional connectivity approach, setting a functionally relevant region, the vMPFC, as a seed region to examine the intrinsic functional interactions and communication between the vMPFC and other brain regions in schizophrenic patients. We found hypo-connectivity between the vMPFC and the medial frontal cortex, right middle temporal lobe （MTL）, right hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex （PHC） and amygdala. Further, there was a decreased strength of the negative connectivity （or anticorrelation） between the vMPFC and the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC） and pre-supplementary motor areas. Among these connectivity alterations, reduced vMPFC-DLPFC connectivity was positively correlated with positive symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, while vMPFC-right MTL/PHC/amygdala functional connectivity was positively correlated with the performance of emotional regulation in patients. These findings imply that communication and coordination throughout the brain networks are disrupted in schizophrenia. The emotional correlates of vMPFC connectivity suggest a role of the hypo-connectivity between these regions in the neuropathology of abnormal social cognition in chronic schizophrenia.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81171291, 81371531, 81571344, 81871344)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20161109)+2 种基金the Key Program for Guangming Lu (BWS11J063, and 10z026)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province, China (18KJB190003)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2014M552700)
文摘Mood disorders/psychosis have been associated with dysfunctions in the default mode network(DMN).However,the relative contributions of DMN regions to state and trait disturbances in pediatric bipolar disorder(PBD)remain unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of PBD through brain imaging and explore the influence of psychotic symptoms on functional alterations in PBD patients.Twenty-nine psychotic and 26 non-psychotic PBD patients,as well as 19 age-and sex-matched healthy controls underwent a restingstate functional MRI scan and the data were analyzed by independent component analysis.The DMN component from the fMRI data was extracted for each participant.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between aberrant connectivity and clinical measurements.The results demonstrated that psychotic PBD was characterized by aberrant DMN connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex,bilateral caudate nucleus,bilateral angular gyri,and left middle temporal gyrus,while non-psychotic PBD was not,suggesting further impairment with the development of psychosis.In summary,we demonstrated unique impairment in DMN functional connectivity in the psychotic PBD group.These specific neuroanatomical abnormalities may shed light on the underlying pathophysiology and presentation of PBD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61401308,61572063(both to XHW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing of China,No.L172055(to XHW)+3 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission Research Fund of China,No.Z171100000417004(to XHW)the China Postdoctoral Fund,No.2018M631755(to XHW)the Special Fund for Improving Comprehensive Strength of Hebei University in the Midwest of China,No.801260201011(to XHW)the High-Level Talent Funding Project—Selective Post-doctoral Research Project Fund of Hebei Province of China,No.B2018003002(to XHW)
文摘The main symptom of patients with Alzheimer’s disease is cognitive dysfunction. Alzheimer’s disease is mainly diagnosed based on changes in brain structure. Functional connectivity reflects the synchrony of functional activities between non-adjacent brain regions, and changes in functional connectivity appear earlier than those in brain structure. In this study, we detected resting-state functional connectivity changes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease to provide reference evidence for disease prediction. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data from patients with Alzheimer’s disease were used to show whether particular white and gray matter areas had certain functional connectivity patterns and if these patterns changed with disease severity. In nine white and corresponding gray matter regions, correlations of normal cognition, early mild cognitive impairment, and late mild cognitive impairment with blood oxygen level-dependent signal time series were detected. Average correlation coefficient analysis indicated functional connectivity patterns between white and gray matter in the resting state of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Functional connectivity pattern variation correlated with disease severity, with some regions having relatively strong or weak correlations. We found that the correlation coefficients of five regions were 0.3–0.5 in patients with normal cognition and 0–0.2 in those developing Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, in the other four regions, the range increased to 0.45–0.7 with increasing cognitive impairment. In some white and gray matter areas, there were specific connectivity patterns. Changes in regional white and gray matter connectivity patterns may be used to predict Alzheimer’s disease;however, detailed information on specific connectivity patterns is needed. All study data were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Library of the Image and Data Archive Database.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11161027)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(1610RJZA080)the Foundation of Gansu Education Bureau(2017A-155)
文摘An unidirectional and bidirectional hybrid connective star network model with coupling time-delay is constructed in this paper. According to synchronization error systems, adaptive controllers for each node are structured by using the linear system stability method and the Lyapunov stability method. These adaptive controllers can realize the modified functional projective synchronization between each node of star network and an isolated node by argument and analysis. Finally, the corrective and effective of the adaptive controllers are illustrated by some numerical examples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.60905024
文摘Studies have shown that functional network connection models can be used to study brain net- work changes in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we inferred that these models could also be used to explore functional network connectivity changes in stroke patients. We used independent component analysis to find the motor areas of stroke patients, which is a novel way to determine these areas. In this study, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets from healthy controls and right-handed stroke patients following their first ever stroke. Using independent component analysis, six spatially independent components highly correlat- ed to the experimental paradigm were extracted. Then, the functional network connectivity of both patients and controls was established to observe the differences between them. The results showed that there were 11 connections in the model in the stroke patients, while there were only four connections in the healthy controls. Further analysis found that some damaged connections may be compensated for by new indirect connections or circuits produced after stroke. These connections may have a direct correlation with the degree of stroke rehabilitation. Our findings suggest that functional network connectivity in stroke patients is more complex than that in hea- lthy controls, and that there is a compensation loop in the functional network following stroke. This implies that functional network reorganization plays a very important role in the process of rehabilitation after stroke.
