The apoplast is a critical interface where plants and pathogens engage in biochemical confrontation.Within this shared extracellular space,plant defense responses provoke countermeasures from pathogens.We introduce ap...The apoplast is a critical interface where plants and pathogens engage in biochemical confrontation.Within this shared extracellular space,plant defense responses provoke countermeasures from pathogens.We introduce apoplastic interactive balance(AIB),a framework depicting the dynamic equilibrium that emerges from these interactions.AIB emphasizes that system-level functional stability arises from both balanced and divergent molecular strategies,with transient imbalances driving coevolutionary refinement.These interactions are classified into four modules:metabolites,proteins,small peptides,and extracellular vesicles(EVs).Across these modules,plants and pathogens deploy parallel molecular tactics shaped by adaptive coevolution.This conceptual view provides a foundation for hypothesis generation,comparative analysis among species,and the design of rational immune strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272557 and 32072500)the Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ZD23 and ZR2024ZD07)+4 种基金the Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan(2024CXGC010908 and 2024LZGCQY009)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tstp20221117)the Zaozhuang Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(2023GH12)the Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project of the Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(NKYG-25-21)the"First Class Discipline"Construction Project of Shandong Agricultural University(811).
文摘The apoplast is a critical interface where plants and pathogens engage in biochemical confrontation.Within this shared extracellular space,plant defense responses provoke countermeasures from pathogens.We introduce apoplastic interactive balance(AIB),a framework depicting the dynamic equilibrium that emerges from these interactions.AIB emphasizes that system-level functional stability arises from both balanced and divergent molecular strategies,with transient imbalances driving coevolutionary refinement.These interactions are classified into four modules:metabolites,proteins,small peptides,and extracellular vesicles(EVs).Across these modules,plants and pathogens deploy parallel molecular tactics shaped by adaptive coevolution.This conceptual view provides a foundation for hypothesis generation,comparative analysis among species,and the design of rational immune strategies.
