Density modulation experiments are powerful experimental schemes for the study of particle transport. The diffusion coefficients （D） and convection velocity （V）, which cannot be evaluated from the particle balance...Density modulation experiments are powerful experimental schemes for the study of particle transport. The diffusion coefficients （D） and convection velocity （V）, which cannot be evaluated from the particle balance in the equilibrium state, can be obtained separately. Further, the estimated values of D and V are determined independent of the absolute value of the particle source rate, which is difficult to obtain experimentally. However, the sensitivities and interpretation of D and V from the modulation experiments need to be considered. This paper describes numerical techniques for solving the particle balance equation of the modulation components. Examples of the analysis are shown regarding the data of LHD experiments, and the results of the modulation experiments are discussed.展开更多
The molecular biomechanics of DNA ejection from bacteriophage is of interest to not only fundamental biological understandings but also practical applications such as the design of advanced site-specific and controlla...The molecular biomechanics of DNA ejection from bacteriophage is of interest to not only fundamental biological understandings but also practical applications such as the design of advanced site-specific and controllable drug delivery systems. In this paper, we analyze the viscous motion of a semiflexible polymer chain coming out of a strongly confined space as a model to investigate the effects of various structure confinements and frictional resistances encountered during the DNA ejection process. The theoretically predicted relations between the ejection speed, ejection time, ejection length, and other physical parameters, such as the phage type, total genome length and ionic state of external buffer solutions, show excellent agreement with in vitro experimental observations in the literature.展开更多
Wax-coated sands are a new category of synthetic soils, which are gradually becoming a reliable construction material. Because of their valuable drainage ability and mechanical properties, wax coated sandy soils are s...Wax-coated sands are a new category of synthetic soils, which are gradually becoming a reliable construction material. Because of their valuable drainage ability and mechanical properties, wax coated sandy soils are specifically applicable to pavement construction of horseracing tracks and sport fields. Although the mechanical and hydraulic properties of these synthetic soils are well-proven, there is still a lack of studies on how the soil samples behave differently when mixing with different wax fractions. Adding the wax affects permeability and compressibility of pure sand. Intensity of influences is a function of weight percentage of wax that has been added, and other physical and environmental factors. The effects of wax content on hydraulic properties(permeability), and mechanical properties(stress strain behavior, compressibility) of sandy soils based on a series of experimental efforts were investigated. Obtained experimental results infer that increasing the amount of wax up to 6% causes an about 50% increase in permeability, mainly because of the significant effect of wax in lowering the friction along with covering and filling the angular parts of particles' surfaces and forming rounded particles. In addition, wax-coated sands show a 20% to 60% decrease in confined compression modulus compared to non wax-coated sands.展开更多
基金supported in part by the JSPS-CAS Core-University Program in the field of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion
文摘Density modulation experiments are powerful experimental schemes for the study of particle transport. The diffusion coefficients （D） and convection velocity （V）, which cannot be evaluated from the particle balance in the equilibrium state, can be obtained separately. Further, the estimated values of D and V are determined independent of the absolute value of the particle source rate, which is difficult to obtain experimentally. However, the sensitivities and interpretation of D and V from the modulation experiments need to be considered. This paper describes numerical techniques for solving the particle balance equation of the modulation components. Examples of the analysis are shown regarding the data of LHD experiments, and the results of the modulation experiments are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11032006, 11072094, and 11121202)the PhD Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (20100211110022)+1 种基金New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-10-0445)supported by the National Science Foundation through grant CMMI-1028530 to Brown University
文摘The molecular biomechanics of DNA ejection from bacteriophage is of interest to not only fundamental biological understandings but also practical applications such as the design of advanced site-specific and controllable drug delivery systems. In this paper, we analyze the viscous motion of a semiflexible polymer chain coming out of a strongly confined space as a model to investigate the effects of various structure confinements and frictional resistances encountered during the DNA ejection process. The theoretically predicted relations between the ejection speed, ejection time, ejection length, and other physical parameters, such as the phage type, total genome length and ionic state of external buffer solutions, show excellent agreement with in vitro experimental observations in the literature.
文摘Wax-coated sands are a new category of synthetic soils, which are gradually becoming a reliable construction material. Because of their valuable drainage ability and mechanical properties, wax coated sandy soils are specifically applicable to pavement construction of horseracing tracks and sport fields. Although the mechanical and hydraulic properties of these synthetic soils are well-proven, there is still a lack of studies on how the soil samples behave differently when mixing with different wax fractions. Adding the wax affects permeability and compressibility of pure sand. Intensity of influences is a function of weight percentage of wax that has been added, and other physical and environmental factors. The effects of wax content on hydraulic properties(permeability), and mechanical properties(stress strain behavior, compressibility) of sandy soils based on a series of experimental efforts were investigated. Obtained experimental results infer that increasing the amount of wax up to 6% causes an about 50% increase in permeability, mainly because of the significant effect of wax in lowering the friction along with covering and filling the angular parts of particles' surfaces and forming rounded particles. In addition, wax-coated sands show a 20% to 60% decrease in confined compression modulus compared to non wax-coated sands.
