P-i-n type perovskite solar cells(PSCs)manifest some promising advantages in terms of remarkable operational stability,low-temperature processability,and compatibility for multi-junction devices,whereas they have rela...P-i-n type perovskite solar cells(PSCs)manifest some promising advantages in terms of remarkable operational stability,low-temperature processability,and compatibility for multi-junction devices,whereas they have relatively low efficiency compared to n-i-p type PSCs because of mismatched energy level alignment and poor interface quality at both n-and p-type contacts.Recently,great progress has been achieved in the p-i-n type PSCs,and efficiencies exceeding 25%have been reported from different research groups.Herein,state-of-the-art strategies in the deployment of high-performance p-i-n type PSCs have been systematically reviewed including engineering top-surface and buried interface of perovskitefilms with eliminated non-radiative charge recombination,modulating conduction types of the perovskites with well aligned energy level to facilitate charge transport,and designing effective hole transport materials for lossless charge extraction,and so on,based on which perspectives in the further design of efficient,stable and scalable p-i-n type PSCs are provided from the aspects of materials design,device fabrication,scalability and functionalization.展开更多
Multiple fractured horizontal well(MFHW) is widely applied in the development of shale gas. To investigate the gas flow characteristics in shale, based on a new dual mechanism triple continuum model, an analytical sol...Multiple fractured horizontal well(MFHW) is widely applied in the development of shale gas. To investigate the gas flow characteristics in shale, based on a new dual mechanism triple continuum model, an analytical solution for MFHW surrounded by stimulated reservoir volume(SRV) was presented. Pressure and pressure derivative curves were used to identify the characteristics of flow regimes in shale. Blasingame type curves were established to evaluate the effects of sensitive parameters on rate decline curves, which indicates that the whole flow regimes could be divided into transient flow, feeding flow, and pseudo steady state flow. In feeding flow regime, the production of gas well is gradually fed by adsorbed gases in sub matrix, and free gases in matrix. The proportion of different gas sources to well production is determined by such parameters as storability ratios of triple continuum, transmissibility coefficients controlled by dual flow mechanism and fracture conductivity.展开更多
The human endogenous retroviruses type W family envelope(HERV-W env)gene is located on chromosome 7q21-22.Our previous studies show that HERV-W env is elevated in schizophrenia and HERV-W env can increase cal-cium inf...The human endogenous retroviruses type W family envelope(HERV-W env)gene is located on chromosome 7q21-22.Our previous studies show that HERV-W env is elevated in schizophrenia and HERV-W env can increase cal-cium influx.Additionally,the 5-HTergie system and particularly 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)receptors play a prominent role in the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia.5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4(5-HT4R)agonist can block calcium channels.However,the underlying relationship between HERV-W env and 5-HT4R in the etiology of schizophrenia has not been revealed.Here,we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the concentration of HERV-W env and 5-HT4R in the plasma of patients with schizophrenia and we found that there were decreased levels of 5-HT4R and a negative correlation between 5-HT4R and HERV-W env in schizophrenia.Overexpression of HERV-W env decreased the transcription and protein levels of 5-HT4R but increased small conductance Ca^(2+)-activated K^(+)type 2 channels(SK2)expression levels.Further studies revealed that HERV-w env could interact with 5-HT4R.Additionally,luciferase assay showed that an essential region(-364 to-176 from the transcription start site)in the SK2 promoter was required for HERV-W env-induced SK2 expression.Importantly,5-HT4R participated in the regulation of SK2 expression and promoter activity.Electrophysiological recordings suggested that HERV-Wenv could increase SK2 channel currents and the increase of SK2 currents was inhibited by 5-HT4R.In condusion,HERV-W env could activate SK2 channels via decreased 5-HT4R,which might exhibit a novel mechanism for HERV-Wenv to influence neuronal activity in schizophrenia.展开更多
This paper considers the initial boundary value problems with three types of the boundary conditions for nonlinear pseudo-hyperbolic equations of generalized nerve conduction type, using foe eigenfunction method, ...This paper considers the initial boundary value problems with three types of the boundary conditions for nonlinear pseudo-hyperbolic equations of generalized nerve conduction type, using foe eigenfunction method, the conditions for which the solutions blow-up and die-out in the finile time are got.展开更多
The nitrogen dimer as both a fundamental building unit in designing a new type of nitrides, and a material gene associated with high electrical and thermal conductivities is investigated by first principles calculatio...The nitrogen dimer as both a fundamental building unit in designing a new type of nitrides, and a material gene associated with high electrical and thermal conductivities is investigated by first principles calculations.The results indicate that the predicted Si N4 is structurally stable and reasonably energy-favored with a striking feature in its band structure that exhibits free electron-like energy dispersions. It possesses a high electrical conductivity（5.07 × 10^5 S/cm） and a high thermal conductivity（371 W/m·K） comparable to copper. The validity is tested by isostructural Al N4 and Si C4. It is demonstrated that the nitrogen dimers can supply a high density of delocalized electrons in this new type of nitrides.展开更多
Our aim in this article is to study a phase-field system based on type Ⅲ heat conduction.In particular,we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions and then the dissipativity of the associated solution operators.
Recent advances in n-type conducting polymers are beginning to rival those of p-type materials.Notably,the n-type conducting polymer poly(benzodifurandione)(PBFDO)demonstrates a notable Seebeck coefficient along with ...Recent advances in n-type conducting polymers are beginning to rival those of p-type materials.Notably,the n-type conducting polymer poly(benzodifurandione)(PBFDO)demonstrates a notable Seebeck coefficient along with exceptionally high electrical conductivity,positioning it as a promising n-type thermoelectric material with substantial research potential.Despite its promise,the exploration of PBFDO’s thermoelectric properties and the development of related thermoelectric devices have been limited.In this study,we introduce a flexible thermoelectric device that utilizes a combination of the p-type polymer poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate and the n-type polymer PBFDO,using a straightforward print-and-fold technique.This approach enabled the production of flexible devices with thermoelectric generators whose properties were assessed.The polymer films and the resultant devices demonstrated commendable performance stability even after being subjected to 1,000 bending cycles at a 90°angle.Our findings corroborate the potential of PBFDO as a viable material for flexible thermoelectric applications,a development that is eagerly anticipated in the field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSIT)under contract NRF-2021R1A3B1076723(Research Leader Program)and NRF2022M3J1A1085280(Carbon Neutral Technology Program)supported by the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology under contract 20016588.
文摘P-i-n type perovskite solar cells(PSCs)manifest some promising advantages in terms of remarkable operational stability,low-temperature processability,and compatibility for multi-junction devices,whereas they have relatively low efficiency compared to n-i-p type PSCs because of mismatched energy level alignment and poor interface quality at both n-and p-type contacts.Recently,great progress has been achieved in the p-i-n type PSCs,and efficiencies exceeding 25%have been reported from different research groups.Herein,state-of-the-art strategies in the deployment of high-performance p-i-n type PSCs have been systematically reviewed including engineering top-surface and buried interface of perovskitefilms with eliminated non-radiative charge recombination,modulating conduction types of the perovskites with well aligned energy level to facilitate charge transport,and designing effective hole transport materials for lossless charge extraction,and so on,based on which perspectives in the further design of efficient,stable and scalable p-i-n type PSCs are provided from the aspects of materials design,device fabrication,scalability and functionalization.
基金Project(2011ZX05015)supported by Important National Science and Technology Specific Projects of the "Twelfth Five-years" Plan Period,China
文摘Multiple fractured horizontal well(MFHW) is widely applied in the development of shale gas. To investigate the gas flow characteristics in shale, based on a new dual mechanism triple continuum model, an analytical solution for MFHW surrounded by stimulated reservoir volume(SRV) was presented. Pressure and pressure derivative curves were used to identify the characteristics of flow regimes in shale. Blasingame type curves were established to evaluate the effects of sensitive parameters on rate decline curves, which indicates that the whole flow regimes could be divided into transient flow, feeding flow, and pseudo steady state flow. In feeding flow regime, the production of gas well is gradually fed by adsorbed gases in sub matrix, and free gases in matrix. The proportion of different gas sources to well production is determined by such parameters as storability ratios of triple continuum, transmissibility coefficients controlled by dual flow mechanism and fracture conductivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81971943,81772196,31470264,81271820,30870789,and 30300117)the Stanley Foundation from the Stanley Medical Research Institute(SMRI),United States(No.06R-1366)We acknowledge the Medicine Research Center for Structural Biology of Wuhan University for providing the confocal microscopy(Leica-LCS-SP8-STED).
文摘The human endogenous retroviruses type W family envelope(HERV-W env)gene is located on chromosome 7q21-22.Our previous studies show that HERV-W env is elevated in schizophrenia and HERV-W env can increase cal-cium influx.Additionally,the 5-HTergie system and particularly 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)receptors play a prominent role in the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia.5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4(5-HT4R)agonist can block calcium channels.However,the underlying relationship between HERV-W env and 5-HT4R in the etiology of schizophrenia has not been revealed.Here,we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the concentration of HERV-W env and 5-HT4R in the plasma of patients with schizophrenia and we found that there were decreased levels of 5-HT4R and a negative correlation between 5-HT4R and HERV-W env in schizophrenia.Overexpression of HERV-W env decreased the transcription and protein levels of 5-HT4R but increased small conductance Ca^(2+)-activated K^(+)type 2 channels(SK2)expression levels.Further studies revealed that HERV-w env could interact with 5-HT4R.Additionally,luciferase assay showed that an essential region(-364 to-176 from the transcription start site)in the SK2 promoter was required for HERV-W env-induced SK2 expression.Importantly,5-HT4R participated in the regulation of SK2 expression and promoter activity.Electrophysiological recordings suggested that HERV-Wenv could increase SK2 channel currents and the increase of SK2 currents was inhibited by 5-HT4R.In condusion,HERV-W env could activate SK2 channels via decreased 5-HT4R,which might exhibit a novel mechanism for HERV-Wenv to influence neuronal activity in schizophrenia.
文摘This paper considers the initial boundary value problems with three types of the boundary conditions for nonlinear pseudo-hyperbolic equations of generalized nerve conduction type, using foe eigenfunction method, the conditions for which the solutions blow-up and die-out in the finile time are got.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 51532010,91422303,51672306 and 51772322the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2016YFA0300604+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission under Grant No Z161100002116018the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB07020100
文摘The nitrogen dimer as both a fundamental building unit in designing a new type of nitrides, and a material gene associated with high electrical and thermal conductivities is investigated by first principles calculations.The results indicate that the predicted Si N4 is structurally stable and reasonably energy-favored with a striking feature in its band structure that exhibits free electron-like energy dispersions. It possesses a high electrical conductivity（5.07 × 10^5 S/cm） and a high thermal conductivity（371 W/m·K） comparable to copper. The validity is tested by isostructural Al N4 and Si C4. It is demonstrated that the nitrogen dimers can supply a high density of delocalized electrons in this new type of nitrides.
文摘Our aim in this article is to study a phase-field system based on type Ⅲ heat conduction.In particular,we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions and then the dissipativity of the associated solution operators.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52003202)Science Foundation for High-Level Talents of Wuyi University(2020AL004).
文摘Recent advances in n-type conducting polymers are beginning to rival those of p-type materials.Notably,the n-type conducting polymer poly(benzodifurandione)(PBFDO)demonstrates a notable Seebeck coefficient along with exceptionally high electrical conductivity,positioning it as a promising n-type thermoelectric material with substantial research potential.Despite its promise,the exploration of PBFDO’s thermoelectric properties and the development of related thermoelectric devices have been limited.In this study,we introduce a flexible thermoelectric device that utilizes a combination of the p-type polymer poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate and the n-type polymer PBFDO,using a straightforward print-and-fold technique.This approach enabled the production of flexible devices with thermoelectric generators whose properties were assessed.The polymer films and the resultant devices demonstrated commendable performance stability even after being subjected to 1,000 bending cycles at a 90°angle.Our findings corroborate the potential of PBFDO as a viable material for flexible thermoelectric applications,a development that is eagerly anticipated in the field.
