Most of the local cities of Japan are suffering from the depopulation in central district （C.D.）. In Okayama city, the government had induced some strategies such as supply more condominiums for local revitalization...Most of the local cities of Japan are suffering from the depopulation in central district （C.D.）. In Okayama city, the government had induced some strategies such as supply more condominiums for local revitalization since 2000. From the Basic Resident Register of Okayama, the population in C.D. Okayama has increased recentlyo This study has the goal to clarify the situation of condominium supply in this district by an investigation. Compared with the result of a same survey in C.D. Kyoto, the foUowing findings are confirmed： population recovery is happening in the central district in both of the 2 cities. The dimension of the condominiums in Okayama is Larger than that in Kyoto. The average dimension of the condominiums in Okayama is 14 stories building with 61 units of 110 m2. Contrasting[y, that in Kyoto is 11 storied building with 59 units of 82 m2. Most of the condominiums in C.D. Kyoto are located closely to the railway or subway station, while those in C.D. Okayama are randomly located, because of the high dependence of automobile traffic. The previous usages of the sites of condominiums in Okayama are parking, housing and financial institute, and in Kyoto they are parking, shop or business building.展开更多
The demand for energy, water and food will continuously increase, as the prediction states that 2.5 billion people will be added to the world population by 2050, representing not only an increase in the consumption bu...The demand for energy, water and food will continuously increase, as the prediction states that 2.5 billion people will be added to the world population by 2050, representing not only an increase in the consumption but also more waste production, greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions and depletion of natural resources. Taking into account that renewable sources of energy can help to overcome these challenges and diversify the energy matrix in the countries, this paper aims at analyzing the biogas potential in Brazil and the United States, especially in the livestock sector, and its benefits in the environmental, social and economic aspects. Both countries are among the top five countries globally in terms of water availability, energy consumption and food production. Until 2050, the world consumption of meat will have a significant increase： 206% of poultry meat, 56% of pork meat and 47% of beef meat, augmenting the need for sustainable management of waste and manure. This scenario can become a sustainable opportunity for biogas implementation, which provides multiple economic, environmental and social benefits for farmers, businesses and communities, including production of electrical, thermal and vehicular energy, production of high-quality biofertilizer, reduction of ground and surface water pollution and reduction of GHG emissions, and foments new income for the farmers, among others. A new concept is presented in this article to make biogas systems feasible, i.e., biogas condominiums, as small and medium-scale farms by themselves usually would not be able to afford the investments. This arrangement can bring benefits for the whole biogas supply chain that includes farmers, agroindustry, providers and local community.展开更多
The energy consumption rate of non-OECD(non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)countries rises about 2.3 percent per year as compared to the OECD countries which is 0.6 percent.If developing countr...The energy consumption rate of non-OECD(non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)countries rises about 2.3 percent per year as compared to the OECD countries which is 0.6 percent.If developing countries use energy efficient technology and integrate renewable energy systems in the new building their carbon dioxide emission rate reduces by 25 to 44 percent.However,even now,renewable energy integrated buildings are hardly considered while constructing them.This paper focuses on the study of solar cooling system options for residential house of Bahir Dar city,in Ethiopia.To meet the demand of housing in the city,different types of apartments and villa houses are under construction.For the analysis case study was made focusing on two types of residential houses,condominium apartment and Impact Real Estate Villa house.Simulation results of IDA ICE software show that the average operative temperatures and cooling loads for condominium apartment and Real-estate Vila are 31.8℃ and 30.7℃,5.53 kW and 5.73 kW respectively.Most of the residences are not satisfied at this operating temperature.There are different types of solar cooling systems.Solar sorption cooling systems are commonly used which can also be classified into absorption,adsorption and desiccant cooling systems.Solar adsorption cooling systems are easy to manufacture locally as compared to solar absorption cooling systems.They do not have moving parts.Some of the working medium pairs used in adsorption cooling system are:activated carbon/ammonia,silica gel/water,zeolite/water.Adsorption chillier with silica gel/water as a working pair was selected since it can operate at regeneration/desorption temperature as low as 45℃ coming from flat plate collectors.At 75℃ regeneration temperature,the system delivers 9℃ chilled water temperature.From cooling load simulation result direct solar irradiation is the highest source of cooling load for both houses.This gives an opportunity for passive solar cooling technology.展开更多
This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime,under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired.This regime has facilit...This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime,under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired.This regime has facilitated access to housing for the salaried population,but it is far from contributing to the attainment of the right to housing.The research takes as case studies housing complexes located in the city of Tijuana,Baja California,Mexico.The analysis included a mixed methodology.Firstly,similar case studies were analyzed;secondly,a review of the Condominium Property Regime Law was carried out in order to understand its implications.In view of the pandemic situation,a virtual survey was applied to the inhabitants of these areas,as well as interviews with presidents of neighborhood committees of these complexes.From the above,it was found that this form of ownership generates conflicts,reflected in the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants with their housing,disagreements and controversies in their organization and coexistence.The inhabitants have to collectively solve the problems they face,related to the maintenance and use of common areas,insecurity,and cleanliness,among others.In addition,there is a lack of support from local authorities.With this,it is concluded that although the inhabitants have a space that solves their housing problem,it does not manage to be a space that adequately guarantees their right to housing.展开更多
Climate change has become a big concern nowadays since the effects of fluctuation in the weather are more notable every day.In Mexico construction industry generates around 33%of the countries CO_(2) emissions,and 7.6...Climate change has become a big concern nowadays since the effects of fluctuation in the weather are more notable every day.In Mexico construction industry generates around 33%of the countries CO_(2) emissions,and 7.64%amount for housing alone.Sustainable Vertical Dwelling was considered as a suitable solution to cover the housing shortage and lower the impact to the environment.An assessment of awareness of sustainability was carried out in the housing sector including government,developers and institutions.Two interviews were designed one for each kind of interviewee.According with the outcome of the interviews,guidelines to address sustainability in the housing sector were proposed.An ongoing project was selected and a qualitative comparison analysis was established,making green improvements and discussing the impact of such improvements.As an outcome we observed that sustainability is getting attention from the government and developers.The Housing Found has launched the Green Mortgage to promote green housing for the low income families,this program could be expanded to higher income classes and for vertical dwelling.There is not a proper regulatory framework for the condominium regimen neither for the construction of green dwellings,thus,problems arise for the condominium users.Some developers are implementing some green features on their projects,but not as a mean to address sustainability,but as a marketing strategy.Finally,vertical dwelling represents a greener way to build by the fact that it requires less land space,vacant lands within urban areas can be recovered,thus the use of existing infrastructure and services make the projects efficient and less expensive.展开更多
文摘Most of the local cities of Japan are suffering from the depopulation in central district （C.D.）. In Okayama city, the government had induced some strategies such as supply more condominiums for local revitalization since 2000. From the Basic Resident Register of Okayama, the population in C.D. Okayama has increased recentlyo This study has the goal to clarify the situation of condominium supply in this district by an investigation. Compared with the result of a same survey in C.D. Kyoto, the foUowing findings are confirmed： population recovery is happening in the central district in both of the 2 cities. The dimension of the condominiums in Okayama is Larger than that in Kyoto. The average dimension of the condominiums in Okayama is 14 stories building with 61 units of 110 m2. Contrasting[y, that in Kyoto is 11 storied building with 59 units of 82 m2. Most of the condominiums in C.D. Kyoto are located closely to the railway or subway station, while those in C.D. Okayama are randomly located, because of the high dependence of automobile traffic. The previous usages of the sites of condominiums in Okayama are parking, housing and financial institute, and in Kyoto they are parking, shop or business building.
文摘The demand for energy, water and food will continuously increase, as the prediction states that 2.5 billion people will be added to the world population by 2050, representing not only an increase in the consumption but also more waste production, greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions and depletion of natural resources. Taking into account that renewable sources of energy can help to overcome these challenges and diversify the energy matrix in the countries, this paper aims at analyzing the biogas potential in Brazil and the United States, especially in the livestock sector, and its benefits in the environmental, social and economic aspects. Both countries are among the top five countries globally in terms of water availability, energy consumption and food production. Until 2050, the world consumption of meat will have a significant increase： 206% of poultry meat, 56% of pork meat and 47% of beef meat, augmenting the need for sustainable management of waste and manure. This scenario can become a sustainable opportunity for biogas implementation, which provides multiple economic, environmental and social benefits for farmers, businesses and communities, including production of electrical, thermal and vehicular energy, production of high-quality biofertilizer, reduction of ground and surface water pollution and reduction of GHG emissions, and foments new income for the farmers, among others. A new concept is presented in this article to make biogas systems feasible, i.e., biogas condominiums, as small and medium-scale farms by themselves usually would not be able to afford the investments. This arrangement can bring benefits for the whole biogas supply chain that includes farmers, agroindustry, providers and local community.
文摘The energy consumption rate of non-OECD(non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)countries rises about 2.3 percent per year as compared to the OECD countries which is 0.6 percent.If developing countries use energy efficient technology and integrate renewable energy systems in the new building their carbon dioxide emission rate reduces by 25 to 44 percent.However,even now,renewable energy integrated buildings are hardly considered while constructing them.This paper focuses on the study of solar cooling system options for residential house of Bahir Dar city,in Ethiopia.To meet the demand of housing in the city,different types of apartments and villa houses are under construction.For the analysis case study was made focusing on two types of residential houses,condominium apartment and Impact Real Estate Villa house.Simulation results of IDA ICE software show that the average operative temperatures and cooling loads for condominium apartment and Real-estate Vila are 31.8℃ and 30.7℃,5.53 kW and 5.73 kW respectively.Most of the residences are not satisfied at this operating temperature.There are different types of solar cooling systems.Solar sorption cooling systems are commonly used which can also be classified into absorption,adsorption and desiccant cooling systems.Solar adsorption cooling systems are easy to manufacture locally as compared to solar absorption cooling systems.They do not have moving parts.Some of the working medium pairs used in adsorption cooling system are:activated carbon/ammonia,silica gel/water,zeolite/water.Adsorption chillier with silica gel/water as a working pair was selected since it can operate at regeneration/desorption temperature as low as 45℃ coming from flat plate collectors.At 75℃ regeneration temperature,the system delivers 9℃ chilled water temperature.From cooling load simulation result direct solar irradiation is the highest source of cooling load for both houses.This gives an opportunity for passive solar cooling technology.
文摘This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime,under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired.This regime has facilitated access to housing for the salaried population,but it is far from contributing to the attainment of the right to housing.The research takes as case studies housing complexes located in the city of Tijuana,Baja California,Mexico.The analysis included a mixed methodology.Firstly,similar case studies were analyzed;secondly,a review of the Condominium Property Regime Law was carried out in order to understand its implications.In view of the pandemic situation,a virtual survey was applied to the inhabitants of these areas,as well as interviews with presidents of neighborhood committees of these complexes.From the above,it was found that this form of ownership generates conflicts,reflected in the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants with their housing,disagreements and controversies in their organization and coexistence.The inhabitants have to collectively solve the problems they face,related to the maintenance and use of common areas,insecurity,and cleanliness,among others.In addition,there is a lack of support from local authorities.With this,it is concluded that although the inhabitants have a space that solves their housing problem,it does not manage to be a space that adequately guarantees their right to housing.
文摘Climate change has become a big concern nowadays since the effects of fluctuation in the weather are more notable every day.In Mexico construction industry generates around 33%of the countries CO_(2) emissions,and 7.64%amount for housing alone.Sustainable Vertical Dwelling was considered as a suitable solution to cover the housing shortage and lower the impact to the environment.An assessment of awareness of sustainability was carried out in the housing sector including government,developers and institutions.Two interviews were designed one for each kind of interviewee.According with the outcome of the interviews,guidelines to address sustainability in the housing sector were proposed.An ongoing project was selected and a qualitative comparison analysis was established,making green improvements and discussing the impact of such improvements.As an outcome we observed that sustainability is getting attention from the government and developers.The Housing Found has launched the Green Mortgage to promote green housing for the low income families,this program could be expanded to higher income classes and for vertical dwelling.There is not a proper regulatory framework for the condominium regimen neither for the construction of green dwellings,thus,problems arise for the condominium users.Some developers are implementing some green features on their projects,but not as a mean to address sustainability,but as a marketing strategy.Finally,vertical dwelling represents a greener way to build by the fact that it requires less land space,vacant lands within urban areas can be recovered,thus the use of existing infrastructure and services make the projects efficient and less expensive.
