Bifunctional oxide-zeolite-based composites(OXZEO)have emerged as promising materials for the direct conversion of syngas to olefins.However,experimental screening and optimization of reaction parameters remain resour...Bifunctional oxide-zeolite-based composites(OXZEO)have emerged as promising materials for the direct conversion of syngas to olefins.However,experimental screening and optimization of reaction parameters remain resource-intensive.To address this challenge,we implemented a three-stage framework integrating machine learning,Bayesian optimization,and experimental validation,utilizing a carefully curated dataset from the literature.Our ensemble-tree model(R^(2)>0.87)identified Zn-Zr and Cu-Mg binary mixed oxides as the most effective OXZEO systems,with their light olefin space-time yields confirmed by physically mixing with HSAPO-34 through experimental validation.Density functional theory calculations further elucidated the activity trends between Zn-Zr and Cu-Mg mixed oxides.Among 16 catalyst and reaction condition descriptors,the oxide/zeolite ratio,reaction temperature,and pressure emerged as the most significant factors.This interpretable,data-driven framework offers a versatile approach that can be applied to other catalytic processes,providing a powerful tool for experiment design and optimization in catalysis.展开更多
This paper deals with extensions of higher-order optimality conditions for scalar optimization to multiobjective optimization.A type of directional derivatives for a multiobjective function is proposed,and with this n...This paper deals with extensions of higher-order optimality conditions for scalar optimization to multiobjective optimization.A type of directional derivatives for a multiobjective function is proposed,and with this notion characterizations of strict local minima of order k for a multiobjective optimization problem with a nonempty set constraint are established,generalizing the corresponding scalar case obtained by Studniarski[3].Also necessary not sufficient and sufficient not necessary optimality conditions for this minima are derived based on our directional derivatives,which are generalizations of some existing scalar results and equivalent to some existing multiobjective ones.Many examples are given to illustrate them there.展开更多
Sparse optimization has witnessed advancements in recent decades,and the step function finds extensive applications across various machine learning and signal processing domains.This paper integrates zero norm and the...Sparse optimization has witnessed advancements in recent decades,and the step function finds extensive applications across various machine learning and signal processing domains.This paper integrates zero norm and the step function to formulate a doublesparsity constrained optimization problem,wherein a linear equality constraint is also taken into consideration.By defining aτ-Lagrangian stationary point and a KKT point,we establish the first-order and second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for the problem.Furthermore,we thoroughly elucidate their relationships to local and global optimal solutions.Finally,special cases and examples are presented to illustrate the obtained theorems.展开更多
In the present study, a response surface methodology was used to optimize the electroleaching of Mn from low-grade pyrolusite. Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate was used in this reaction as a reducing agent in sulfuric aci...In the present study, a response surface methodology was used to optimize the electroleaching of Mn from low-grade pyrolusite. Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate was used in this reaction as a reducing agent in sulfuric acid solutions. The effect of six process variables, including the mass ratio of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate to pyrolusite, mass ratio of sulfuric acid to pyrolusite, liquid-to-solid ratio, current density, leaching temperature, and leaching time, as well as their binary interactions, were modeled. The results revealed that the order of these factors with respect to their effects on the leaching efficiency were mass ratio of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate to pyrolusite 〉 leaching time 〉 mass ratio of sulfuric acid to pyrolusite 〉 liquid-to-solid ratio 〉 leaching temperature 〉 current density. The optimum conditions were as follows： 1.10：1 mass ratio of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate to pyrolusite, 0.9：1 mass ratio of sulfuric acid to pyrolusite, liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.7：1, current density of 947 A/m^2, leaching time of 180 min, and leaching temperature of 73°C. Under these conditions, the predicted leaching efficiency for Mn was 94.1%; the obtained experimental result was 95.7%, which confirmed the validity of the model.展开更多
In this paper, both Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution in the considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the mult...In this paper, both Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution in the considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval-objective function. Further, the sufficient optimality conditions for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution and several duality results in Mond-Weir sense are proved under assumptions that the functions constituting the considered nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval- objective function are convex.展开更多
The solubilization of elastin by Bacillus licheniformis elastase cannot be analyzed by conventional kinetic methods because the biologically relevant substrate is insoluble and the concentration of enzyme-substrate co...The solubilization of elastin by Bacillus licheniformis elastase cannot be analyzed by conventional kinetic methods because the biologically relevant substrate is insoluble and the concentration of enzyme-substrate complex has no physical meaning. In this paper we report the optimization of elastolysis conditions and analysis of elastolytic kinetics. Our results indicated that the hydrolyzing temperature and time are very important factors affecting elastolysis rate. The optimized conditions using central composite design were as follows： elastolysis temperature 50 ℃, elastase concentration 1 × 10^4 U/ml, elastin 80 mg, elastolytic time 4 h. Investigation of the effects of substrate content, elastase concentration and pH was also revealed that low or high elastin content inhibits the elastolysis process. Increasingelastase improves elastin degradation, but high elastase may change the kinetics characterization. Alkaline environment can decrease elastin degradation rate and pH may affect elastolysis by changing elastase reaction pH. To further elucidate the elastolysis process, the logistic model was used to elastolysis kinetics study showing clearly that the logistic model can reasonably explain the elastolysis process, especially under lower elastase concentration. However, there is still need for more investigations with the aid of other methods, such as biochemical and molecular methods.展开更多
The concepts of alpha-order Clarke's derivative, alpha-order Adjacent derivative and alpha-order G.Bouligand derivative of set-valued mappings are introduced, their properties are studied, with which the Fritz Joh...The concepts of alpha-order Clarke's derivative, alpha-order Adjacent derivative and alpha-order G.Bouligand derivative of set-valued mappings are introduced, their properties are studied, with which the Fritz John optimality condition of set-valued vector optimization is established. Finally, under the assumption of pseudoconvexity, the optimality condition is proved to be sufficient.展开更多
According to the design principle of the central composite experimental,the method of response surface analysis with three factors and three levels was adopted based on one factor test.A second-order quadratic equatio...According to the design principle of the central composite experimental,the method of response surface analysis with three factors and three levels was adopted based on one factor test.A second-order quadratic equation for photocatalysis of Procion Red MX-5B was built.Response surface and contour were graphed with the decoloration rate of Procion Red MX-5B as the response value.Based on the analysis of the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots,effects of pH value,irradiation time and catalyst loading were explored.By using this new method,the optimum decoloration condition was obtained as follows:pH value,1.3;irradiation time,49.9 min;catalyst loading,0.57 g/L.In the optimization,R-Squared and Adj R-Squared correlation coefficients for quadratic model were evaluated quite satisfactorily as 0.9310 and 0.8620,respectively.Under the optimum conditions established,the performance of 99.47% for color removal was experimentally reached.It was found that all factors considered have an important effect on the decolorization efficiency of Procion Red MX-5B.By the ANOVA analysis and model confirmation the optimal solution obtained using RSM was experimentally validated and credible with preferable instructional ability for experiments.展开更多
There are two approaches of defining the solutions of a set-valued optimization problem： vector criterion and set criterion. This note is devoted to higher-order optimality conditions using both criteria of solutions...There are two approaches of defining the solutions of a set-valued optimization problem： vector criterion and set criterion. This note is devoted to higher-order optimality conditions using both criteria of solutions for a constrained set-valued optimization problem in terms of higher-order radial derivatives. In the case of vector criterion, some optimality conditions are derived for isolated （weak） minimizers. With set criterion, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are established for minimal solutions relative to lower set-order relation.展开更多
In this paper, we establish a second-order sufficient condition for constrained optimization problems of a class of so called t-stable functions in terms of the first-order and the second-order Dini type directional d...In this paper, we establish a second-order sufficient condition for constrained optimization problems of a class of so called t-stable functions in terms of the first-order and the second-order Dini type directional derivatives. The result extends the corresponding result of [D. Bednarik and K. Pastor, Math. Program. Ser. A, 113（2008）, 283-298] to constrained optimization problems.展开更多
Exergy indicates the maximal energy that can do work effectively. Different from optimization of product quality or calculation of generic energy conservation in most previous studies, the application of exergy analys...Exergy indicates the maximal energy that can do work effectively. Different from optimization of product quality or calculation of generic energy conservation in most previous studies, the application of exergy analysis and exergy cost optimization in petrochemical industry is of great economic and environmental significance. Based on the main fractionator in Jiujiang Petrochemical Complex No. 2 FCCU, an enhanced exergy cost optimization under different operating conditions by adjusting set points of temperature and valves opening degree for flow control is studied in this paper in order to reduce exergy cost and improve the quality of energy. A steadystate optimization algorithm to enhance exergy availability and an objective function comprehensively considering exergy loss are proposed. On the basis of ensuring the quality of petroleum products, the economic benefits can be improved by optimizing the controllable variables due to the fact that exergy cost is decreased.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the optimization of ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction of pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs),and to study the protective effect of PPPs on acute alcoholic li...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the optimization of ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction of pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs),and to study the protective effect of PPPs on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.[Methods]The optimal extraction conditions of PPPs were determined by single factor and orthogonal experiments,and an acute alcoholic liver injury model in mice was established.Bifendate was used as the positive control group to investigate the protective effect of low,medium and high doses of PPPs on acute alcoholic liver injury.[Results]The optimum extraction process parameters were followed as 60%ethanol concentration,solid-liquid ratio of 1:40(w/v),extraction temperature of 50℃,and extraction time of 1.5 h,and the yield was 1.42%.The results of animal experiments showed that PPPs could effectively reduce the degree of alcoholic liver injury in mice,reduce the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and reduce the inflammation and necrosis of liver tissue in mice.Meanwhile,the total polyphenols from pomegranate peel also significantly reduced the expression levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in mice,and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and reduced glutathione(GSH)in liver tissue of mice,indicating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,further illustrating its protective effect on alcoholic liver injury.[Conclusions]PPPs could reduce the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA in mice,and increase the expression levels of SOD and GSH to achieve the protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.This study will provide new ideas for the development of new anti-alcoholic liver injury drug resources.展开更多
This paper deals with higher-order optimality conditions for Henig effcient solutions of set-valued optimization problems.By virtue of the higher-order tangent sets, necessary and suffcient conditions are obtained for...This paper deals with higher-order optimality conditions for Henig effcient solutions of set-valued optimization problems.By virtue of the higher-order tangent sets, necessary and suffcient conditions are obtained for Henig effcient solutions of set-valued optimization problems whose constraint condition is determined by a fixed set.展开更多
[Objectives]Optimum extraction conditions of total flavonoids from Fructus Aurantii Immaturus(TFFAI)and its resistance activity to ultraviolet radiation were investigated in present research.[Methods]The optimal extra...[Objectives]Optimum extraction conditions of total flavonoids from Fructus Aurantii Immaturus(TFFAI)and its resistance activity to ultraviolet radiation were investigated in present research.[Methods]The optimal extraction conditions of TFFAI were determined by single factor and orthogonal experiments,and the survival rate of TFFAI on HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB rays was investigated.It s antioxidant capacity was determined by ABTS.[Results]The results showed that the highest yield of TFFAI was obtained with 70%ethanol at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:50(w/v)and 40℃for 1.5 h by single-factor and orthogonal experiments.Total flavonoids(0.25-1.00 mg/ml)could significantly improve the survival rate of HaCaT cell line.Meanwhile,the maximum absorption peak of TFFAI was found at 283 nm,and in-vitro antioxidant experiment identified that TFFAI had a good clearance rate to ABTS.It suggestes that TFFAI could protect the cells from UVB damage by absorption of UVB rays and anti-oxidation.[Conclusions]TFFAI played a protective role on UVB irradiated cells through UVB ultraviolet absorption and antioxidant pathways.展开更多
In this paper, a modified version of the Classical Lagrange Multiplier method is developed for convex quadratic optimization problems. The method, which is evolved from the first order derivative test for optimality o...In this paper, a modified version of the Classical Lagrange Multiplier method is developed for convex quadratic optimization problems. The method, which is evolved from the first order derivative test for optimality of the Lagrangian function with respect to the primary variables of the problem, decomposes the solution process into two independent ones, in which the primary variables are solved for independently, and then the secondary variables, which are the Lagrange multipliers, are solved for, afterward. This is an innovation that leads to solving independently two simpler systems of equations involving the primary variables only, on one hand, and the secondary ones on the other. Solutions obtained for small sized problems (as preliminary test of the method) demonstrate that the new method is generally effective in producing the required solutions.展开更多
The aims of this study are to provide a strain and its optimal application in electro-producting performance for revealing the electrical generating mechanism in the future.We constructed microbial fuel cells(MFCs)dev...The aims of this study are to provide a strain and its optimal application in electro-producting performance for revealing the electrical generating mechanism in the future.We constructed microbial fuel cells(MFCs)device that was a bipolar chamber MFC,using metal ion media(MIM)and water as anode and cathode reaction substation fluid,respectively.In this study,we identified an isolate as Raoultella terrigena,named RtZG1,which could produce electron.Also,we optimized the conditions of electrical energy generation.The continuous output current could reach about 200μA within 3 h when the ratio of electro-bacterial fluid to matrix fluid was 1∶4,the temperature was 37℃,the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the inorganic salt medium was 10∶1,as well as the concentration of MIM was 1.Based on the optimization,it is clear that the most suitable conditions of electricity production for this strain lay the foundation for the application of this strain.展开更多
In this study,we examine the problem of sliced inverse regression(SIR),a widely used method for sufficient dimension reduction(SDR).It was designed to find reduced-dimensional versions of multivariate predictors by re...In this study,we examine the problem of sliced inverse regression(SIR),a widely used method for sufficient dimension reduction(SDR).It was designed to find reduced-dimensional versions of multivariate predictors by replacing them with a minimally adequate collection of their linear combinations without loss of information.Recently,regularization methods have been proposed in SIR to incorporate a sparse structure of predictors for better interpretability.However,existing methods consider convex relaxation to bypass the sparsity constraint,which may not lead to the best subset,and particularly tends to include irrelevant variables when predictors are correlated.In this study,we approach sparse SIR as a nonconvex optimization problem and directly tackle the sparsity constraint by establishing the optimal conditions and iteratively solving them by means of the splicing technique.Without employing convex relaxation on the sparsity constraint and the orthogonal constraint,our algorithm exhibits superior empirical merits,as evidenced by extensive numerical studies.Computationally,our algorithm is much faster than the relaxed approach for the natural sparse SIR estimator.Statistically,our algorithm surpasses existing methods in terms of accuracy for central subspace estimation and best subset selection and sustains high performance even with correlated predictors.展开更多
Orthogonal conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations(O-CNOPs)have been used to generate ensemble forecasting members for achieving high forecasting skill of high-impact weather and climate events.However,highly effi...Orthogonal conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations(O-CNOPs)have been used to generate ensemble forecasting members for achieving high forecasting skill of high-impact weather and climate events.However,highly efficient calculations for O-CNOPs are still challenging in the field of ensemble forecasting.In this study,we combine a gradient-based iterative idea with the Gram‒Schmidt orthogonalization,and propose an iterative optimization method to compute O-CNOPs.This method is different from the original sequential optimization method,and allows parallel computations of O-CNOPs,thus saving a large amount of computational time.We evaluate this method by using the Lorenz-96 model on the basis of the ensemble forecasting ability achieved and on the time consumed for computing O-CNOPs.The results demonstrate that the parallel iterative method causes O-CNOPs to yield reliable ensemble members and to achieve ensemble forecasting skills similar to or even slightly higher than those produced by the sequential method.Moreover,the parallel method significantly reduces the computational time for O-CNOPs.Therefore,the parallel iterative method provides a highly effective and efficient approach for calculating O-CNOPs for ensemble forecasts.Expectedly,it can play an important role in the application of the O-CNOPs to realistic ensemble forecasts for high-impact weather and climate events.展开更多
The Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation(CNOP)method works essentially for conventional numerical models;however,it is not fully applicable to the commonly used deep-learning forecasting models(DLMs),which typic...The Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation(CNOP)method works essentially for conventional numerical models;however,it is not fully applicable to the commonly used deep-learning forecasting models(DLMs),which typically input multiple time slices without deterministic dependencies.In this study,the CNOP for DLMs(CNOP-DL)is proposed as an extension of the CNOP in the time dimension.This method is useful for targeted observations as it indicates not only where but also when to deploy additional observations.The CNOP-DL is calculated for a forecast case of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea with a DLM.The CNOP-DL identifies a sensitive area northwest of Palawan Island at the last input time.Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the sensitive area identified by the CNOP-DL is effective not only for the CNOP-DL itself,but also for random perturbations.Therefore,this approach holds potential for guiding practical field campaigns.Notably,forecast errors are more sensitive to time than to location in the sensitive area.It highlights the crucial role of identifying the time of the sensitive area in targeted observations,corroborating the usefulness of extending the CNOP in the time dimension.展开更多
Hypersaline mariculture wastewater necessitates treatment prior to its discharge into marine environments.Algal-mycelial pellets(AMPs),known for their cost-effectiveness,energy efficiency and sustainability,have not b...Hypersaline mariculture wastewater necessitates treatment prior to its discharge into marine environments.Algal-mycelial pellets(AMPs),known for their cost-effectiveness,energy efficiency and sustainability,have not been previously explored for their flocculation and pollutant removal capabilities in hyperhaline conditions.This work employed an orthogonal test design to investigate the effects of nine factors at three levels on the treatment efficiency of mariculture wastewater using Chlorella sp.TNBR1 and Aspergillus niger AMPs.The comprehensive optimal conditions for achieving the highest flocculation efficiency and pollutant removal are determined to be a temperature of 30℃,light intensity of 6000 lux,a 12:0 light-dark cycle,an initial pH of 6,amicroalgal density of 11.25×10^(6)cell/mL,microalgal growth phase at the early logarithmic stage,a fungal spore density of 9.00×10^(5)spore/mL and a fungal pellet phase of 60 h.Under such conditions,the treatment of nonsterile actual mariculture wastewater with Chlorella sp.TNBR1 and Aspergillus niger AMPs results in a 93.35%±7.20%reduction in chemical oxygen demand(COD),92.83%±7.29%reduction in total nitrogen(TN),100%removal of total phosphorus(TP),and a flocculation efficiency of 69.21%±5.36%.These findings confirm that AMPs are a viable solution for effectively treating COD,TN and TP in real hypersaline mariculture wastewater,while also facilitating the flocculation and harvesting of microalgae.展开更多
基金funded by the KRICT Project (KK2512-10) of the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE)the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the Virtual Engineering Platform Program (P0022334)+1 种基金supported by the Carbon Neutral Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program (RS-202300261088) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea)Further support was provided by research fund of Chungnam National University。
文摘Bifunctional oxide-zeolite-based composites(OXZEO)have emerged as promising materials for the direct conversion of syngas to olefins.However,experimental screening and optimization of reaction parameters remain resource-intensive.To address this challenge,we implemented a three-stage framework integrating machine learning,Bayesian optimization,and experimental validation,utilizing a carefully curated dataset from the literature.Our ensemble-tree model(R^(2)>0.87)identified Zn-Zr and Cu-Mg binary mixed oxides as the most effective OXZEO systems,with their light olefin space-time yields confirmed by physically mixing with HSAPO-34 through experimental validation.Density functional theory calculations further elucidated the activity trends between Zn-Zr and Cu-Mg mixed oxides.Among 16 catalyst and reaction condition descriptors,the oxide/zeolite ratio,reaction temperature,and pressure emerged as the most significant factors.This interpretable,data-driven framework offers a versatile approach that can be applied to other catalytic processes,providing a powerful tool for experiment design and optimization in catalysis.
文摘This paper deals with extensions of higher-order optimality conditions for scalar optimization to multiobjective optimization.A type of directional derivatives for a multiobjective function is proposed,and with this notion characterizations of strict local minima of order k for a multiobjective optimization problem with a nonempty set constraint are established,generalizing the corresponding scalar case obtained by Studniarski[3].Also necessary not sufficient and sufficient not necessary optimality conditions for this minima are derived based on our directional derivatives,which are generalizations of some existing scalar results and equivalent to some existing multiobjective ones.Many examples are given to illustrate them there.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1011100)NSFC(No.12131004)。
文摘Sparse optimization has witnessed advancements in recent decades,and the step function finds extensive applications across various machine learning and signal processing domains.This paper integrates zero norm and the step function to formulate a doublesparsity constrained optimization problem,wherein a linear equality constraint is also taken into consideration.By defining aτ-Lagrangian stationary point and a KKT point,we establish the first-order and second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for the problem.Furthermore,we thoroughly elucidate their relationships to local and global optimal solutions.Finally,special cases and examples are presented to illustrate the obtained theorems.
基金financially supported by the "121" Scientific and Technological Supporting Demonstration Project of Chongqing, China (No. cstc2014zktjccx B0043)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of Guangxi, China (No. 2014BA10016)
文摘In the present study, a response surface methodology was used to optimize the electroleaching of Mn from low-grade pyrolusite. Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate was used in this reaction as a reducing agent in sulfuric acid solutions. The effect of six process variables, including the mass ratio of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate to pyrolusite, mass ratio of sulfuric acid to pyrolusite, liquid-to-solid ratio, current density, leaching temperature, and leaching time, as well as their binary interactions, were modeled. The results revealed that the order of these factors with respect to their effects on the leaching efficiency were mass ratio of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate to pyrolusite 〉 leaching time 〉 mass ratio of sulfuric acid to pyrolusite 〉 liquid-to-solid ratio 〉 leaching temperature 〉 current density. The optimum conditions were as follows： 1.10：1 mass ratio of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate to pyrolusite, 0.9：1 mass ratio of sulfuric acid to pyrolusite, liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.7：1, current density of 947 A/m^2, leaching time of 180 min, and leaching temperature of 73°C. Under these conditions, the predicted leaching efficiency for Mn was 94.1%; the obtained experimental result was 95.7%, which confirmed the validity of the model.
文摘In this paper, both Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution in the considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval-objective function. Further, the sufficient optimality conditions for a （weakly） LU-efficient solution and several duality results in Mond-Weir sense are proved under assumptions that the functions constituting the considered nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval- objective function are convex.
基金Project (No. Y304203) supported by the Natural Science Foundationof Zhejiang Province, China
文摘The solubilization of elastin by Bacillus licheniformis elastase cannot be analyzed by conventional kinetic methods because the biologically relevant substrate is insoluble and the concentration of enzyme-substrate complex has no physical meaning. In this paper we report the optimization of elastolysis conditions and analysis of elastolytic kinetics. Our results indicated that the hydrolyzing temperature and time are very important factors affecting elastolysis rate. The optimized conditions using central composite design were as follows： elastolysis temperature 50 ℃, elastase concentration 1 × 10^4 U/ml, elastin 80 mg, elastolytic time 4 h. Investigation of the effects of substrate content, elastase concentration and pH was also revealed that low or high elastin content inhibits the elastolysis process. Increasingelastase improves elastin degradation, but high elastase may change the kinetics characterization. Alkaline environment can decrease elastin degradation rate and pH may affect elastolysis by changing elastase reaction pH. To further elucidate the elastolysis process, the logistic model was used to elastolysis kinetics study showing clearly that the logistic model can reasonably explain the elastolysis process, especially under lower elastase concentration. However, there is still need for more investigations with the aid of other methods, such as biochemical and molecular methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation(69972036) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi province(995L02)
文摘The concepts of alpha-order Clarke's derivative, alpha-order Adjacent derivative and alpha-order G.Bouligand derivative of set-valued mappings are introduced, their properties are studied, with which the Fritz John optimality condition of set-valued vector optimization is established. Finally, under the assumption of pseudoconvexity, the optimality condition is proved to be sufficient.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51078100)the National Creative Research Groups granted by NSFC(Grant No. 50821002)+1 种基金Excellent Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Scientific Committee(Grant No. JC2010-03)State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Grant No. 2010DX11)
文摘According to the design principle of the central composite experimental,the method of response surface analysis with three factors and three levels was adopted based on one factor test.A second-order quadratic equation for photocatalysis of Procion Red MX-5B was built.Response surface and contour were graphed with the decoloration rate of Procion Red MX-5B as the response value.Based on the analysis of the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots,effects of pH value,irradiation time and catalyst loading were explored.By using this new method,the optimum decoloration condition was obtained as follows:pH value,1.3;irradiation time,49.9 min;catalyst loading,0.57 g/L.In the optimization,R-Squared and Adj R-Squared correlation coefficients for quadratic model were evaluated quite satisfactorily as 0.9310 and 0.8620,respectively.Under the optimum conditions established,the performance of 99.47% for color removal was experimentally reached.It was found that all factors considered have an important effect on the decolorization efficiency of Procion Red MX-5B.By the ANOVA analysis and model confirmation the optimal solution obtained using RSM was experimentally validated and credible with preferable instructional ability for experiments.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11361001)Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(NZ14101)
文摘There are two approaches of defining the solutions of a set-valued optimization problem： vector criterion and set criterion. This note is devoted to higher-order optimality conditions using both criteria of solutions for a constrained set-valued optimization problem in terms of higher-order radial derivatives. In the case of vector criterion, some optimality conditions are derived for isolated （weak） minimizers. With set criterion, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are established for minimal solutions relative to lower set-order relation.
基金The Graduate Students Innovate Scientific Research Program (YJSCX2008-158HLJ) of Heilongjiang Provincesupported by the Distinguished Young Scholar Foundation (JC200707) of Heilongjiang Province of China
文摘In this paper, we establish a second-order sufficient condition for constrained optimization problems of a class of so called t-stable functions in terms of the first-order and the second-order Dini type directional derivatives. The result extends the corresponding result of [D. Bednarik and K. Pastor, Math. Program. Ser. A, 113（2008）, 283-298] to constrained optimization problems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61590924,61673273,61521063)
文摘Exergy indicates the maximal energy that can do work effectively. Different from optimization of product quality or calculation of generic energy conservation in most previous studies, the application of exergy analysis and exergy cost optimization in petrochemical industry is of great economic and environmental significance. Based on the main fractionator in Jiujiang Petrochemical Complex No. 2 FCCU, an enhanced exergy cost optimization under different operating conditions by adjusting set points of temperature and valves opening degree for flow control is studied in this paper in order to reduce exergy cost and improve the quality of energy. A steadystate optimization algorithm to enhance exergy availability and an objective function comprehensively considering exergy loss are proposed. On the basis of ensuring the quality of petroleum products, the economic benefits can be improved by optimizing the controllable variables due to the fact that exergy cost is decreased.
基金Supported by Provincial Key College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project (202211834033).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the optimization of ultrasonic-assisted organic solvent extraction of pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs),and to study the protective effect of PPPs on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.[Methods]The optimal extraction conditions of PPPs were determined by single factor and orthogonal experiments,and an acute alcoholic liver injury model in mice was established.Bifendate was used as the positive control group to investigate the protective effect of low,medium and high doses of PPPs on acute alcoholic liver injury.[Results]The optimum extraction process parameters were followed as 60%ethanol concentration,solid-liquid ratio of 1:40(w/v),extraction temperature of 50℃,and extraction time of 1.5 h,and the yield was 1.42%.The results of animal experiments showed that PPPs could effectively reduce the degree of alcoholic liver injury in mice,reduce the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and reduce the inflammation and necrosis of liver tissue in mice.Meanwhile,the total polyphenols from pomegranate peel also significantly reduced the expression levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in mice,and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and reduced glutathione(GSH)in liver tissue of mice,indicating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,further illustrating its protective effect on alcoholic liver injury.[Conclusions]PPPs could reduce the expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MDA in mice,and increase the expression levels of SOD and GSH to achieve the protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.This study will provide new ideas for the development of new anti-alcoholic liver injury drug resources.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（10871216） Supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission（KJ100419） Supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC（cstcjjA00019）
文摘This paper deals with higher-order optimality conditions for Henig effcient solutions of set-valued optimization problems.By virtue of the higher-order tangent sets, necessary and suffcient conditions are obtained for Henig effcient solutions of set-valued optimization problems whose constraint condition is determined by a fixed set.
基金Supported by National Key Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training for College Students (202211834021)Project Funds of Zhengzhou Science and Technology Bureau (ZZSZX202109).
文摘[Objectives]Optimum extraction conditions of total flavonoids from Fructus Aurantii Immaturus(TFFAI)and its resistance activity to ultraviolet radiation were investigated in present research.[Methods]The optimal extraction conditions of TFFAI were determined by single factor and orthogonal experiments,and the survival rate of TFFAI on HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB rays was investigated.It s antioxidant capacity was determined by ABTS.[Results]The results showed that the highest yield of TFFAI was obtained with 70%ethanol at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:50(w/v)and 40℃for 1.5 h by single-factor and orthogonal experiments.Total flavonoids(0.25-1.00 mg/ml)could significantly improve the survival rate of HaCaT cell line.Meanwhile,the maximum absorption peak of TFFAI was found at 283 nm,and in-vitro antioxidant experiment identified that TFFAI had a good clearance rate to ABTS.It suggestes that TFFAI could protect the cells from UVB damage by absorption of UVB rays and anti-oxidation.[Conclusions]TFFAI played a protective role on UVB irradiated cells through UVB ultraviolet absorption and antioxidant pathways.
文摘In this paper, a modified version of the Classical Lagrange Multiplier method is developed for convex quadratic optimization problems. The method, which is evolved from the first order derivative test for optimality of the Lagrangian function with respect to the primary variables of the problem, decomposes the solution process into two independent ones, in which the primary variables are solved for independently, and then the secondary variables, which are the Lagrange multipliers, are solved for, afterward. This is an innovation that leads to solving independently two simpler systems of equations involving the primary variables only, on one hand, and the secondary ones on the other. Solutions obtained for small sized problems (as preliminary test of the method) demonstrate that the new method is generally effective in producing the required solutions.
基金Shanghai Science and Technology Commission s“Belt and Road Initiative”International Cooperation Project,China(No.19410741800)Shanghai Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates Project,China(No.105-03-0178139)。
文摘The aims of this study are to provide a strain and its optimal application in electro-producting performance for revealing the electrical generating mechanism in the future.We constructed microbial fuel cells(MFCs)device that was a bipolar chamber MFC,using metal ion media(MIM)and water as anode and cathode reaction substation fluid,respectively.In this study,we identified an isolate as Raoultella terrigena,named RtZG1,which could produce electron.Also,we optimized the conditions of electrical energy generation.The continuous output current could reach about 200μA within 3 h when the ratio of electro-bacterial fluid to matrix fluid was 1∶4,the temperature was 37℃,the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the inorganic salt medium was 10∶1,as well as the concentration of MIM was 1.Based on the optimization,it is clear that the most suitable conditions of electricity production for this strain lay the foundation for the application of this strain.
文摘In this study,we examine the problem of sliced inverse regression(SIR),a widely used method for sufficient dimension reduction(SDR).It was designed to find reduced-dimensional versions of multivariate predictors by replacing them with a minimally adequate collection of their linear combinations without loss of information.Recently,regularization methods have been proposed in SIR to incorporate a sparse structure of predictors for better interpretability.However,existing methods consider convex relaxation to bypass the sparsity constraint,which may not lead to the best subset,and particularly tends to include irrelevant variables when predictors are correlated.In this study,we approach sparse SIR as a nonconvex optimization problem and directly tackle the sparsity constraint by establishing the optimal conditions and iteratively solving them by means of the splicing technique.Without employing convex relaxation on the sparsity constraint and the orthogonal constraint,our algorithm exhibits superior empirical merits,as evidenced by extensive numerical studies.Computationally,our algorithm is much faster than the relaxed approach for the natural sparse SIR estimator.Statistically,our algorithm surpasses existing methods in terms of accuracy for central subspace estimation and best subset selection and sustains high performance even with correlated predictors.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41930971,42330111,and 42405061)the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility”(Earth Lab).
文摘Orthogonal conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations(O-CNOPs)have been used to generate ensemble forecasting members for achieving high forecasting skill of high-impact weather and climate events.However,highly efficient calculations for O-CNOPs are still challenging in the field of ensemble forecasting.In this study,we combine a gradient-based iterative idea with the Gram‒Schmidt orthogonalization,and propose an iterative optimization method to compute O-CNOPs.This method is different from the original sequential optimization method,and allows parallel computations of O-CNOPs,thus saving a large amount of computational time.We evaluate this method by using the Lorenz-96 model on the basis of the ensemble forecasting ability achieved and on the time consumed for computing O-CNOPs.The results demonstrate that the parallel iterative method causes O-CNOPs to yield reliable ensemble members and to achieve ensemble forecasting skills similar to or even slightly higher than those produced by the sequential method.Moreover,the parallel method significantly reduces the computational time for O-CNOPs.Therefore,the parallel iterative method provides a highly effective and efficient approach for calculating O-CNOPs for ensemble forecasts.Expectedly,it can play an important role in the application of the O-CNOPs to realistic ensemble forecasts for high-impact weather and climate events.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42288101, 42375062, 42476192, 42275158)the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (Earth Lab)the GHfund C (202407036001)
文摘The Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation(CNOP)method works essentially for conventional numerical models;however,it is not fully applicable to the commonly used deep-learning forecasting models(DLMs),which typically input multiple time slices without deterministic dependencies.In this study,the CNOP for DLMs(CNOP-DL)is proposed as an extension of the CNOP in the time dimension.This method is useful for targeted observations as it indicates not only where but also when to deploy additional observations.The CNOP-DL is calculated for a forecast case of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea with a DLM.The CNOP-DL identifies a sensitive area northwest of Palawan Island at the last input time.Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the sensitive area identified by the CNOP-DL is effective not only for the CNOP-DL itself,but also for random perturbations.Therefore,this approach holds potential for guiding practical field campaigns.Notably,forecast errors are more sensitive to time than to location in the sensitive area.It highlights the crucial role of identifying the time of the sensitive area in targeted observations,corroborating the usefulness of extending the CNOP in the time dimension.
基金supported by the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams(No.2019ZT08L213)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277101).
文摘Hypersaline mariculture wastewater necessitates treatment prior to its discharge into marine environments.Algal-mycelial pellets(AMPs),known for their cost-effectiveness,energy efficiency and sustainability,have not been previously explored for their flocculation and pollutant removal capabilities in hyperhaline conditions.This work employed an orthogonal test design to investigate the effects of nine factors at three levels on the treatment efficiency of mariculture wastewater using Chlorella sp.TNBR1 and Aspergillus niger AMPs.The comprehensive optimal conditions for achieving the highest flocculation efficiency and pollutant removal are determined to be a temperature of 30℃,light intensity of 6000 lux,a 12:0 light-dark cycle,an initial pH of 6,amicroalgal density of 11.25×10^(6)cell/mL,microalgal growth phase at the early logarithmic stage,a fungal spore density of 9.00×10^(5)spore/mL and a fungal pellet phase of 60 h.Under such conditions,the treatment of nonsterile actual mariculture wastewater with Chlorella sp.TNBR1 and Aspergillus niger AMPs results in a 93.35%±7.20%reduction in chemical oxygen demand(COD),92.83%±7.29%reduction in total nitrogen(TN),100%removal of total phosphorus(TP),and a flocculation efficiency of 69.21%±5.36%.These findings confirm that AMPs are a viable solution for effectively treating COD,TN and TP in real hypersaline mariculture wastewater,while also facilitating the flocculation and harvesting of microalgae.
