The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with the...The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with their influences on geoengineering are complicated or unfortunately are overlooked, we should pay more attentions to internal features of rocks grades IV and V （even in local but mostly controlling zones）. With increasing attentions to the characteristics, mechanism and influences of engineering construction-triggered geohazards, it is crucial to fully understand the disturbance of these geohazards on project construction. A reasonable determination method in construction procedure, i.e. the shape of working face, the type of engineering support and the choice of feasible procedure, should be considered in order to mitigate the construction-triggered geohazards. Due to their high sensitivity to groundwater and in-situ stress, various UGBs exhibit hysteretic nature and failure modes. To give a complete understanding on the internal causes, the emphasis on advanced comprehensive geological forecasting and overall reinforcement treatment is therefore of more practical significance. Compre- hensive evaluation of influential factors, identification of UGB, and measures of discontinuity dynamic controlling comprises the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method. In a case of a cut slope, the variations of UGBs and the impacts of key environmental factors are presented, where more severe construction-triggered geohazards emerged in construction stage than those predicted in design and field investigation stages. As a result, the weight ratios of different influential factors with respect to field investigation, design and construction are obtained.展开更多
The condition of the motor oil in civilian cars is difficult to monitor;hence,we propose a method to evaluate the degree of degradation of motor oil using an on‐board diagnostic(OBD)system.Three civilian cars and fou...The condition of the motor oil in civilian cars is difficult to monitor;hence,we propose a method to evaluate the degree of degradation of motor oil using an on‐board diagnostic(OBD)system.Three civilian cars and four motor oils(containing mineral oils and synthetic oils)were subjected to five groups of road tests under urban traffic and high‐way conditions.The operation information,oil service time,mileage,engine operation time,idle time of the engine,and number of start‐ups of the engine were obtained using the proposed OBD system.Physiochemical properties and changes in the components of motor oils during road tests were analyzed in laboratory.The theoretical model of the comprehensive indicators of driving parameters and oil properties were established.The proposed method was successfully applied to different cars,motor oils,and operating conditions in road tests.All the theoretical models had high accuracy and precision.Herein,we provide a method to monitor the oil condition with real‐time driving parameters and provide a reference for end users to change their motor oil reasonably.展开更多
ln order to ensure the safety and efficiency of the section tracking operation of a guided transport system,a safety headway control method of section tracking based on intersection conditions is proposed in this pape...ln order to ensure the safety and efficiency of the section tracking operation of a guided transport system,a safety headway control method of section tracking based on intersection conditions is proposed in this paper.Considering the difference of signal phase,the evaluation model of road conditions was established based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,FAGT.Based on the artificial potential field method,the time-varying hybrid artificial potential field(TH-APF)method was proposed,and the tracking headway control algorithm was designed to realize the dynamic control of the tracking headway of the guide transport vehicle.The simulation results verified the effectiveness and applicability of the evaluation model of intersection road conditions;the tracking headway can be maintained at about 120 s.The tracking headway control algorithm of guided transport vehicles can respond to the road conditions and avoid the local optimum of the artificial potential field method,thus improving the operating efficiency.展开更多
Automated pavement condition survey is of critical importance to road network management.There are three primary tasks involved in pavement condition surveys,namely data collection,data processing and condition evalua...Automated pavement condition survey is of critical importance to road network management.There are three primary tasks involved in pavement condition surveys,namely data collection,data processing and condition evaluation.Artificial intelligence(AI)has achieved many breakthroughs in almost every aspect of modern technology over the past decade,and undoubtedly offers a more robust approach to automated pavement condition survey.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on data collection systems,data processing algorithms and condition evaluation methods proposed between 2010 and 2023 for intelligent pavement condition survey.In particular,the data collection system includes AI-driven hardware devices and automated pavement data collection vehicles.The AI-driven hardware devices including right-of-way(ROW)cameras,ground penetrating radar(GPR)devices,light detection and ranging(LiDAR)devices,and advanced laser imaging systems,etc.These different hardware components can be selectively mounted on a vehicle to simultaneously collect multimedia information about the pavement.In addition,this article pays close attention to the application of artificial intelligence methods in detecting pavement distresses,measuring pavement roughness,identifying pavement rutting,analyzing skid resistance and evaluating structural strength of pavements.Based upon the analysis of a variety of the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence methodologies,remaining challenges and future needs with respect to intelligent pavement condition survey are discussed eventually.展开更多
With the increase of the importance of geological exploration in China, the study of hydrogeology in modern engineering exploration status is more and more important. In recent years, with the emergence of energy shor...With the increase of the importance of geological exploration in China, the study of hydrogeology in modern engineering exploration status is more and more important. In recent years, with the emergence of energy shortage in China, nationwide attention to hydrogeological conditions is becoming more and more important. Under this condition, this paper analyzes the evaluation content of hydrogeological conditions in geological drilling construction, for reference only.展开更多
In order to improve the surface performace of epoxy asphalt pavement （EAP） for steel bridge deck, an epoxy asphalt chip seal （ ECS） covered by a cationic emulsified asphalt fog seal （i. e., fog-sealed chip seal）...In order to improve the surface performace of epoxy asphalt pavement （EAP） for steel bridge deck, an epoxy asphalt chip seal （ ECS） covered by a cationic emulsified asphalt fog seal （i. e., fog-sealed chip seal） isproposed and a laboratory study is conducted to design and evaluate te fog-sealed chip seal. First, the evaluation indices and methods of te chip seal on steel bridge deck pavement were proposed. Secondly, the worst pavement conditions during te maintenance time were simulated by te small traffic load simulation system MMLS3 and the short-term aging test for minimizing the failure probability of chip seal. Finally, the design parameters of fog-sealed chip seal were determined by the experimental analysis and the performance of the designed fog-sealed chip seal was evaluated in thelaboratory. Results indicate that the proposed simulation method of pavement conditions is effective and the maximal load repetitions on the EAPslab specimen are approximately 925 300 times. Moreover, the designed fog-sealedchip sealcan provide a dense surface with sufficient skid resistance,aggregate-asphalt aahesive performance and interlayer shearing resistance.展开更多
Road surface condition evaluation involves the collection of data over pavement surface for different types of distresses.The exercise consumes a lot of resources if the whole road section length is surveyed and may b...Road surface condition evaluation involves the collection of data over pavement surface for different types of distresses.The exercise consumes a lot of resources if the whole road section length is surveyed and may be prone to errors as a result of surveyors'fatigue.It is therefore important to develop a representative sample to be used when evaluating road condition manually.This study aimed at determining an adequate sample size for section level as well as a way forward for network level condition evaluation of highways in Nepal.Again the study was conducted to quantify the effects of altering the sample unit size for performing a distress survey according to the PCI(pavement condition index)and SDI(surface distress index)method separately for asphalt surfaced roads.The effect of reducing/increasing sample unit size was investigated adopting visual examination through field survey by eight teams in July,2015,along the section of Banepa-Bardibas highway.The PCI was then calculated for each sample unit using standard deduct curves and PCI calculation methodology as per SHRP(Strategic Highway Research Program)recommendations and the computation of SDI was done as per DoR(Department of Roads)guidelines.The results show that 13%sample unit are needed for SDI and 21%for PCI computation,however,the results are out of the significant level.This is higher than DoR and SHRP guidelines.Again no strong relationship is observed between SDI and PCI values.展开更多
Objective: to explore the effect of integrated medical ward round + identity-condition-background-evaluation-suggestion communication tools on the quality of care and satisfaction of nursing service for patients with ...Objective: to explore the effect of integrated medical ward round + identity-condition-background-evaluation-suggestion communication tools on the quality of care and satisfaction of nursing service for patients with severe heart failure (SHF). Methods: 97 SHF patients in our hospital from October 2019 to June 2020 were selected and randomly divided into control group (n = 48) and research group (n = 49). The control group adopted the conventional communication mode, and the research group adopted the communication tools of "medical ward round + identity – condition – background – evaluation - suggestion" on the basis of the above. The nursing quality and nursing service satisfaction of the two groups were statistically compared. Results: the scores of basic nursing quality, specialized nursing quality, ward management quality and timely execution of medical orders in the research group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The reliability, reactivity, empathy, tangibility and assurance scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the combination of medical ward round + identity-condition-background-evaluation-suggestion communication tool applied in the nursing management of SHF patients can improve the quality of nursing and patients' satisfaction with nursing service is high.展开更多
Implicit Internet attitude refers to the implicit, automatic psychological tendency of an individual toward the Internet. A study found that Internet addicts held an implicit attitude and positive evaluation toward th...Implicit Internet attitude refers to the implicit, automatic psychological tendency of an individual toward the Internet. A study found that Internet addicts held an implicit attitude and positive evaluation toward the Intemet, and this type of evaluations could be effectively changed through subliminal evaluative conditioning technology. An investigation on IAT effect showed the implicit attitude of the Intemet addicts was stable and variable, and AIA （ambivalence of implicit attitudes） might be an integrated perspective to solve the problem.展开更多
The article is research on the traffic situations of freeways. Different rules make different traffic situations. It is meaningful to research on traffic situations under different conditions. The author analyzes fac...The article is research on the traffic situations of freeways. Different rules make different traffic situations. It is meaningful to research on traffic situations under different conditions. The author analyzes factors like traffic flow and safety, peflbrmance respectively, and proposes the theor3, basis for making more reasonable rules. The author first establishes evaluation system of traffic safety. Then, we compare the freeway network to power network to find a solution. and establish a traffic flow model based on power flow （TFPF）. It calculates power flow. So it applies the formula mode back to the traffic network, chalking up the perforumnce of the traffic condition. We utilize cellular automata （CA） method to simulate traffic circulation, and verify the accuracy of above model with the obtained data.展开更多
The CO_(2)-based combined cooling and power(CCP)system is regarded as a highly promising alternative for waste heat recovery in refrigerated trucks,owing to its environmental advantages and multienergy output.The CCP ...The CO_(2)-based combined cooling and power(CCP)system is regarded as a highly promising alternative for waste heat recovery in refrigerated trucks,owing to its environmental advantages and multienergy output.The CCP system implemented in refrigerated trucks is more intricate than conventional waste heat recovery systems.It not only produces energy to satisfy demand via waste heat recovery but also incorporates refrigeration capabilities,substituting the standalone refrigeration unit to sustain low temperatures in refrigerated trucks.This coupling of power and refrigeration subcycles significantly increases the complexity of system control and the requirements for stability.Current research primarily focuses on the steady-state performance of CCP systems,neglecting the impact of load variations on the system’s dynamic response in real operating conditions,thereby limiting a comprehensive assessment of operational performance under complex scenarios.This study proposes a hybrid control strategy based on deep deterministic policy gradient deep reinforcement learning and conducts dynamic simulations to comprehensively evaluate the energy efficiency performance of the CCP system.The results show that under the China Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Test Cycle conditions,this strategy reduces fuel consumption by 6.63%per 100 km while ensuring that the CCP system remains within safety constraints throughout the entire operation.These findings provide important insights for the application of CCP systems in the cold chain transportation sector.展开更多
Accurate quantification of tree populations within regions is critical for evaluating forest ecosystem conditions and developing effective forest management strategies[1].High-quality tree census data,collected throug...Accurate quantification of tree populations within regions is critical for evaluating forest ecosystem conditions and developing effective forest management strategies[1].High-quality tree census data,collected through field surveys and remote sensing technologies,is fundamental to China's sustainable development and environmental conservation initiatives.This data facilitates the monitoring of forest structural changes,carbon sequestration dynamics,and ecosystem health evaluations.Notably,China maintains the world's largest managed forest area,achieved through comprehensive national afforestation and reforestation programs[2,3].Consequently,precise tree enumeration is crucial for formulating effective forest management policies,monitoring and protecting wildlife habitats,and preventing natural disasters in China.展开更多
Asphalt pavement repair areas affect pavement performance and service levels.It is neces-sary to distinguish the repair areas from normal sections.Based on vehicle vibration sig-nals,this study identified ten pavement...Asphalt pavement repair areas affect pavement performance and service levels.It is neces-sary to distinguish the repair areas from normal sections.Based on vehicle vibration sig-nals,this study identified ten pavement repair areas and divided them into four cases by factors including length and form in conjunction with the driving approach.Additionally,time domain analysis,frequency analysis,and probability distribution analysis were used to form the characteristics of the repair cases as well as the normal sections.It was found that the maximum value,extreme deviation,standard deviation in the time domain,max-imum amplitude in the frequency domain,and peak of the probability density curve would serve as judgment indexes.A framework for identifying the repair areas was also estab-lished based on the five indexes.By validation,the overall accuracy can reach 95.0%,demonstrating a strong generalization capability.展开更多
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41372324)support from the Chinese Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project under Grant No. 2010CB732001
文摘The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with their influences on geoengineering are complicated or unfortunately are overlooked, we should pay more attentions to internal features of rocks grades IV and V （even in local but mostly controlling zones）. With increasing attentions to the characteristics, mechanism and influences of engineering construction-triggered geohazards, it is crucial to fully understand the disturbance of these geohazards on project construction. A reasonable determination method in construction procedure, i.e. the shape of working face, the type of engineering support and the choice of feasible procedure, should be considered in order to mitigate the construction-triggered geohazards. Due to their high sensitivity to groundwater and in-situ stress, various UGBs exhibit hysteretic nature and failure modes. To give a complete understanding on the internal causes, the emphasis on advanced comprehensive geological forecasting and overall reinforcement treatment is therefore of more practical significance. Compre- hensive evaluation of influential factors, identification of UGB, and measures of discontinuity dynamic controlling comprises the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method. In a case of a cut slope, the variations of UGBs and the impacts of key environmental factors are presented, where more severe construction-triggered geohazards emerged in construction stage than those predicted in design and field investigation stages. As a result, the weight ratios of different influential factors with respect to field investigation, design and construction are obtained.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51575402)
文摘The condition of the motor oil in civilian cars is difficult to monitor;hence,we propose a method to evaluate the degree of degradation of motor oil using an on‐board diagnostic(OBD)system.Three civilian cars and four motor oils(containing mineral oils and synthetic oils)were subjected to five groups of road tests under urban traffic and high‐way conditions.The operation information,oil service time,mileage,engine operation time,idle time of the engine,and number of start‐ups of the engine were obtained using the proposed OBD system.Physiochemical properties and changes in the components of motor oils during road tests were analyzed in laboratory.The theoretical model of the comprehensive indicators of driving parameters and oil properties were established.The proposed method was successfully applied to different cars,motor oils,and operating conditions in road tests.All the theoretical models had high accuracy and precision.Herein,we provide a method to monitor the oil condition with real‐time driving parameters and provide a reference for end users to change their motor oil reasonably.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF0501102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1934219)+1 种基金National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.52022010)State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety(Contract No.RCS2022ZI002).
文摘ln order to ensure the safety and efficiency of the section tracking operation of a guided transport system,a safety headway control method of section tracking based on intersection conditions is proposed in this paper.Considering the difference of signal phase,the evaluation model of road conditions was established based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,FAGT.Based on the artificial potential field method,the time-varying hybrid artificial potential field(TH-APF)method was proposed,and the tracking headway control algorithm was designed to realize the dynamic control of the tracking headway of the guide transport vehicle.The simulation results verified the effectiveness and applicability of the evaluation model of intersection road conditions;the tracking headway can be maintained at about 120 s.The tracking headway control algorithm of guided transport vehicles can respond to the road conditions and avoid the local optimum of the artificial potential field method,thus improving the operating efficiency.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.51208419).
文摘Automated pavement condition survey is of critical importance to road network management.There are three primary tasks involved in pavement condition surveys,namely data collection,data processing and condition evaluation.Artificial intelligence(AI)has achieved many breakthroughs in almost every aspect of modern technology over the past decade,and undoubtedly offers a more robust approach to automated pavement condition survey.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on data collection systems,data processing algorithms and condition evaluation methods proposed between 2010 and 2023 for intelligent pavement condition survey.In particular,the data collection system includes AI-driven hardware devices and automated pavement data collection vehicles.The AI-driven hardware devices including right-of-way(ROW)cameras,ground penetrating radar(GPR)devices,light detection and ranging(LiDAR)devices,and advanced laser imaging systems,etc.These different hardware components can be selectively mounted on a vehicle to simultaneously collect multimedia information about the pavement.In addition,this article pays close attention to the application of artificial intelligence methods in detecting pavement distresses,measuring pavement roughness,identifying pavement rutting,analyzing skid resistance and evaluating structural strength of pavements.Based upon the analysis of a variety of the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence methodologies,remaining challenges and future needs with respect to intelligent pavement condition survey are discussed eventually.
文摘With the increase of the importance of geological exploration in China, the study of hydrogeology in modern engineering exploration status is more and more important. In recent years, with the emergence of energy shortage in China, nationwide attention to hydrogeological conditions is becoming more and more important. Under this condition, this paper analyzes the evaluation content of hydrogeological conditions in geological drilling construction, for reference only.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51378122)
文摘In order to improve the surface performace of epoxy asphalt pavement （EAP） for steel bridge deck, an epoxy asphalt chip seal （ ECS） covered by a cationic emulsified asphalt fog seal （i. e., fog-sealed chip seal） isproposed and a laboratory study is conducted to design and evaluate te fog-sealed chip seal. First, the evaluation indices and methods of te chip seal on steel bridge deck pavement were proposed. Secondly, the worst pavement conditions during te maintenance time were simulated by te small traffic load simulation system MMLS3 and the short-term aging test for minimizing the failure probability of chip seal. Finally, the design parameters of fog-sealed chip seal were determined by the experimental analysis and the performance of the designed fog-sealed chip seal was evaluated in thelaboratory. Results indicate that the proposed simulation method of pavement conditions is effective and the maximal load repetitions on the EAPslab specimen are approximately 925 300 times. Moreover, the designed fog-sealedchip sealcan provide a dense surface with sufficient skid resistance,aggregate-asphalt aahesive performance and interlayer shearing resistance.
文摘Road surface condition evaluation involves the collection of data over pavement surface for different types of distresses.The exercise consumes a lot of resources if the whole road section length is surveyed and may be prone to errors as a result of surveyors'fatigue.It is therefore important to develop a representative sample to be used when evaluating road condition manually.This study aimed at determining an adequate sample size for section level as well as a way forward for network level condition evaluation of highways in Nepal.Again the study was conducted to quantify the effects of altering the sample unit size for performing a distress survey according to the PCI(pavement condition index)and SDI(surface distress index)method separately for asphalt surfaced roads.The effect of reducing/increasing sample unit size was investigated adopting visual examination through field survey by eight teams in July,2015,along the section of Banepa-Bardibas highway.The PCI was then calculated for each sample unit using standard deduct curves and PCI calculation methodology as per SHRP(Strategic Highway Research Program)recommendations and the computation of SDI was done as per DoR(Department of Roads)guidelines.The results show that 13%sample unit are needed for SDI and 21%for PCI computation,however,the results are out of the significant level.This is higher than DoR and SHRP guidelines.Again no strong relationship is observed between SDI and PCI values.
文摘Objective: to explore the effect of integrated medical ward round + identity-condition-background-evaluation-suggestion communication tools on the quality of care and satisfaction of nursing service for patients with severe heart failure (SHF). Methods: 97 SHF patients in our hospital from October 2019 to June 2020 were selected and randomly divided into control group (n = 48) and research group (n = 49). The control group adopted the conventional communication mode, and the research group adopted the communication tools of "medical ward round + identity – condition – background – evaluation - suggestion" on the basis of the above. The nursing quality and nursing service satisfaction of the two groups were statistically compared. Results: the scores of basic nursing quality, specialized nursing quality, ward management quality and timely execution of medical orders in the research group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The reliability, reactivity, empathy, tangibility and assurance scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the combination of medical ward round + identity-condition-background-evaluation-suggestion communication tool applied in the nursing management of SHF patients can improve the quality of nursing and patients' satisfaction with nursing service is high.
文摘Implicit Internet attitude refers to the implicit, automatic psychological tendency of an individual toward the Internet. A study found that Internet addicts held an implicit attitude and positive evaluation toward the Intemet, and this type of evaluations could be effectively changed through subliminal evaluative conditioning technology. An investigation on IAT effect showed the implicit attitude of the Intemet addicts was stable and variable, and AIA （ambivalence of implicit attitudes） might be an integrated perspective to solve the problem.
文摘The article is research on the traffic situations of freeways. Different rules make different traffic situations. It is meaningful to research on traffic situations under different conditions. The author analyzes factors like traffic flow and safety, peflbrmance respectively, and proposes the theor3, basis for making more reasonable rules. The author first establishes evaluation system of traffic safety. Then, we compare the freeway network to power network to find a solution. and establish a traffic flow model based on power flow （TFPF）. It calculates power flow. So it applies the formula mode back to the traffic network, chalking up the perforumnce of the traffic condition. We utilize cellular automata （CA） method to simulate traffic circulation, and verify the accuracy of above model with the obtained data.
基金Guangxi Science and Technol-ogy Major Program(AA24206013)the National Science Found for Excellent Young Scholars(No.52022066)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Pro-motion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No 2022463)the Research Center for Multi-Energy Complementation and Conversion.
文摘The CO_(2)-based combined cooling and power(CCP)system is regarded as a highly promising alternative for waste heat recovery in refrigerated trucks,owing to its environmental advantages and multienergy output.The CCP system implemented in refrigerated trucks is more intricate than conventional waste heat recovery systems.It not only produces energy to satisfy demand via waste heat recovery but also incorporates refrigeration capabilities,substituting the standalone refrigeration unit to sustain low temperatures in refrigerated trucks.This coupling of power and refrigeration subcycles significantly increases the complexity of system control and the requirements for stability.Current research primarily focuses on the steady-state performance of CCP systems,neglecting the impact of load variations on the system’s dynamic response in real operating conditions,thereby limiting a comprehensive assessment of operational performance under complex scenarios.This study proposes a hybrid control strategy based on deep deterministic policy gradient deep reinforcement learning and conducts dynamic simulations to comprehensively evaluate the energy efficiency performance of the CCP system.The results show that under the China Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle Test Cycle conditions,this strategy reduces fuel consumption by 6.63%per 100 km while ensuring that the CCP system remains within safety constraints throughout the entire operation.These findings provide important insights for the application of CCP systems in the cold chain transportation sector.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1300203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371329 and 32301285)。
文摘Accurate quantification of tree populations within regions is critical for evaluating forest ecosystem conditions and developing effective forest management strategies[1].High-quality tree census data,collected through field surveys and remote sensing technologies,is fundamental to China's sustainable development and environmental conservation initiatives.This data facilitates the monitoring of forest structural changes,carbon sequestration dynamics,and ecosystem health evaluations.Notably,China maintains the world's largest managed forest area,achieved through comprehensive national afforestation and reforestation programs[2,3].Consequently,precise tree enumeration is crucial for formulating effective forest management policies,monitoring and protecting wildlife habitats,and preventing natural disasters in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(No.51778482).
文摘Asphalt pavement repair areas affect pavement performance and service levels.It is neces-sary to distinguish the repair areas from normal sections.Based on vehicle vibration sig-nals,this study identified ten pavement repair areas and divided them into four cases by factors including length and form in conjunction with the driving approach.Additionally,time domain analysis,frequency analysis,and probability distribution analysis were used to form the characteristics of the repair cases as well as the normal sections.It was found that the maximum value,extreme deviation,standard deviation in the time domain,max-imum amplitude in the frequency domain,and peak of the probability density curve would serve as judgment indexes.A framework for identifying the repair areas was also estab-lished based on the five indexes.By validation,the overall accuracy can reach 95.0%,demonstrating a strong generalization capability.
