In the field of second language acquisition, an increasing amount of research has been conducted on learner＇s beliefs. Few empirical studies, however, have been focused on students＇ conceptions of learning English ...In the field of second language acquisition, an increasing amount of research has been conducted on learner＇s beliefs. Few empirical studies, however, have been focused on students＇ conceptions of learning English （COLE）. This study aims to assess conceptions of learning particularly in the domain of English. Data were collected through the COLE questionnaire among 284 college students in China. Seven factors of COLE are identified, such as ＂memorizing＂, ＂testing＂, ＂drill and practice＂, ＂increasing knowledge＂, ＂understanding＂, ＂application＂, and ＂seeing in a new way＂. These findings also provide some pedagogical implications for English language instructors and researchers.展开更多
Effective teaching has always been a goal pursued by teachers as a part of education both from the western and eastern society,for it to some extend is considered an effective way to improve society.In this essay,both...Effective teaching has always been a goal pursued by teachers as a part of education both from the western and eastern society,for it to some extend is considered an effective way to improve society.In this essay,both Chinese and western conceptions of teaching and learning will be discussed.In doing so,their differences and similarities can be seen clearly,which will help the cross-cultural educators to understand their teaching environment and learning styles.展开更多
Any everyday subject may trigger individual conceptions either scientifically correct or naively shaped (misconceptions, alternative conceptions). For any educator, knowledge about a pupil’s individual perception may...Any everyday subject may trigger individual conceptions either scientifically correct or naively shaped (misconceptions, alternative conceptions). For any educator, knowledge about a pupil’s individual perception may strongly support teaching success. Within this context, we see the use of drinking water as daily behavior loaded with conceptions. We monitored the perceptions of two different samples, of high achieving 10th graders and of undergraduates in Biology. All participants responded to three closed and three open questions requesting individual statements about drinking water. All open questions were categorized via qualitative content analysis mainly revealing the perception of drinking water as a clean product, precisely controlled and drinkable with no need for worry. In general, some alternative conceptions did not seem differ in both samples over the time of about five years: For instance, many see our drinking water as purified in sewage plants. However, differences between individuals exist: For example, whether water is consumed as tap or bottled water. Here, some name water hardness as the reason to not drink tap water, because they think it is harmful (although the very same participants prefer bottled mineral water). Other conceptions seem to change over time, such as the estimation about the remaining time until our drinking water might be used up, or familiarity with the term “virtual water”. Summing up, we did find a positive attitude towards national drinking water policy, although major knowledge gaps need its mentioning. The relevance of these results and strategies for public and school teaching are discussed.展开更多
Elementary knowledge of classical Chinese gardens was introduced,its history was studied in 3 stages:initial phase,development phase and prosperous phase,component system of classical Chinese gardens was introduced fr...Elementary knowledge of classical Chinese gardens was introduced,its history was studied in 3 stages:initial phase,development phase and prosperous phase,component system of classical Chinese gardens was introduced from different perspectives,cultural background and specific demonstrations of its artistic conceptions were expounded as key points,and it was proposed that its artistic conceptions were actually reverence and respect for the nature,and also expressions of various philosophical doctrines and religious cultures.On this basis,construction techniques and connotations of artistic conception were researched as well as its components and expression ways.It was proposed that construction elements of artistic conceptions included buildings,hill stones,water and plants;image-building in the landscaping should be stressed,and artistic conception integrated into key points to bring out the theme,garden scenes and paintings combined.This study aimed at providing references for relevant researches through introducing classical Chinese gardens and their artistic conceptions.展开更多
The aim of this study was to detect and analyze the conceptions of teaching, learning activities and assessment of learning in classroom, and blended courses for university professor＇s face-to-face courses. The study...The aim of this study was to detect and analyze the conceptions of teaching, learning activities and assessment of learning in classroom, and blended courses for university professor＇s face-to-face courses. The study design was non-experimental, descriptive, and mixed cut. The sample was not random with participation of 129 university professors＇ face-to-face courses. As was applied, the open questions questionnaire on teaching and learning conceptions of teachers and data reported six questions related to the conception of teaching, didactic activities and assessment of learning of courses in classroom and blended courses. The data were worked through content analysis and percentages. The findings showed a conception of classroom teaching with a focus on learning and a conception blended teaching with a strong focus on teaching. The most reported didactic activities in classroom courses at a decreasing hierarchy were： exposition and presentation, se, discussion forums, chat and Wikis. In classroom assessment participation, and research and blended courses the research, Wikis, teachers did not specify evaluation resources case study and mixed courses, technology per courses predominated, in the abstract tests, forums and blog,展开更多
Purpose:In studies of the research process,the association between how researchers conceptualize research and their strategic research agendas has been largely overlooked.This study aims to address this gap.Design/met...Purpose:In studies of the research process,the association between how researchers conceptualize research and their strategic research agendas has been largely overlooked.This study aims to address this gap.Design/methodology/approach:This study analyzes this relationship using a dataset of more than 8,500 researchers across all scientific fields and the globe.It studies the associations between the dimensions of two inventories:the Conceptions of Research Inventory(CoRI)and the Multi-Dimensional Research Agenda Inventory—Revised(MDRAI-R).Findings:The findings show a relatively strong association between researchers’conceptions of research and their research agendas.While all conceptions of research are positively related to scientific ambition,the findings are mixed regarding how the dimensions of the two inventories relate to one another,which is significant for those seeking to understand the knowledge production process better.Research limitations:The study relies on self-reported data,which always carries a risk of response bias.Practical implications:The findings provide a greater understanding of the inner workings of knowledge processes and indicate that the two inventories,whether used individually or in combination,may provide complementary analytical perspectives to research performance indicators.They may thus offer important insights for managers of research environments regarding how to assess the research culture,beliefs,and conceptualizations of individual researchers and research teams when designing strategies to promote specific institutional research focuses and strategies.Originality/value:To the best of the authors’knowledge,this is the first study to associate research agendas and conceptions of research.It is based on a large sample of researchers working worldwide and in all fields of knowledge,which ensures that the findings have a reasonable degree of generalizability to the global population of researchers.展开更多
[Objective] Taking the knowledge of tea-science field as research object,an extraction method for the taxonomic relation of ontology conception was proposed in the paper.[Method] Through improving the rule based on la...[Objective] Taking the knowledge of tea-science field as research object,an extraction method for the taxonomic relation of ontology conception was proposed in the paper.[Method] Through improving the rule based on language mode,generalized suffix tree was constructed for the concept set of tea-science field,forming hierarchical structure and taxonomic relation among conceptions.[Result and Conclusion] Moreover,corresponding prototype system was developed based on above method,and test result indicating that the method was effective.展开更多
An equivalent bar conception is firstly developed for the computer analysis of pantographic foldable structures. The uniplet of two three node beam elements is assumed as a six bar assembly with respect to least norm ...An equivalent bar conception is firstly developed for the computer analysis of pantographic foldable structures. The uniplet of two three node beam elements is assumed as a six bar assembly with respect to least norm least square solution for the elastic strain energy equality. The equilibrium equation is developed for the equivalent models, and the internal forces formulated sequently for backup calculation. This procedure is proved practical for some engineering, and some interesting concepts proposed. Finally, three numerical tests are presented.展开更多
Concept inventory(CI)tests are used to measure students’misconception.This article investigated and concludes that the current format of these tests is unable to measure students’misconceptions since the answers cho...Concept inventory(CI)tests are used to measure students’misconception.This article investigated and concludes that the current format of these tests is unable to measure students’misconceptions since the answers choices do not reflect student lack of prior knowledge,time lapse between when they learned the subject matter and when they try to recall it,and the conditions through which students construct their knowledge.CIs are better suited as tools to evaluate the effectiveness of pedagogical effectiveness and language in communicating the material to the students.展开更多
Purpose:This study aimed to describe the knowledge and alternative conceptions of climate change in a group of Chilean science and non-science teachers with different teaching experiences.Design/Approach/Methods:The s...Purpose:This study aimed to describe the knowledge and alternative conceptions of climate change in a group of Chilean science and non-science teachers with different teaching experiences.Design/Approach/Methods:The study used a quantitative approach with an exploratory,descriptive,and transversal design,in which a Climate Change Questionnaire was applied to a group of 64 pre-service and in-service teachers.Findings:The results demonstrated that the whole group of teachers had moderate knowledge about climate change,presenting some alternative conceptions,such as confusion about greenhouse gases,solar radiation,and the false relationship between ozone layer thinning and the greenhouse effect.There was no difference in climate change knowledge between science and non-science teachers or among teachers with different teaching experiences.Originality/Value:This is the first research work published in an international journal on the knowledge of climate change by a group of teachers in Chile(and Latin America);therefore,it is an original contribution to the literature about climate change education.Furthermore,we tested hypotheses regarding the effects of experience and scientific background on teachers'knowledge of climate change.展开更多
Flood extremes due to sea level rise and extreme precipitation are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. However, despite the need for accurate climate change risk assessment, significant misconceptions in ...Flood extremes due to sea level rise and extreme precipitation are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. However, despite the need for accurate climate change risk assessment, significant misconceptions in key risk terms, including vulnerability and impact, could lead to risk miscalculations. These misconceptions around risk concepts derive from the lack of risk terms’ standardization and the gaps in an integrated and widely accepted methodology for assessing climate change risks. Risk assessment frameworks should follow the specialties of each element/sector it is applied on and the special features of each climate hazard. Also, risk assessment matrix should not follow specific design settings but it should better follow the needs of each study, so as to optimize the understanding of each risk. Through an extensive literature review, this is the first paper that identifies gaps, inconsistencies and misuses of climate risk concepts and suggests specific systemization and standardization of risk terms definitions. Finally, it develops a climate change risk assessment framework and matrix, focusing on sea level rise and extreme precipitation, which could be widely implemented in risk assessment of all elements at sea level rise and extreme precipitation risk.展开更多
Purpose:Universities assess and evaluate students concerning competence in essential disciplinary knowledge and skills.Those assessments impact learners’attitudes,beliefs,and emotions.Negative impacts may be overcome...Purpose:Universities assess and evaluate students concerning competence in essential disciplinary knowledge and skills.Those assessments impact learners’attitudes,beliefs,and emotions.Negative impacts may be overcome if students regulate their responses to assessment and feedback.Design/Approach/Methods:This article systematically locates research studies that cite three key early papers around student conceptions of assessment(SCoA).A narrative synthesis is based on 22 papers.Findings:In addition to the SCoA,11 different research inventories reveal a variety of regulatory responses that are enhanced when assessments are deliberately formative,fair,and trustworthy.There is broad interest in this phenomenon but little consistency in methods,and even the SCoA has little consistency in factor structure across jurisdictions.Only one study provided an objective behavioral measure to validate self-reports,which are the dominant form of research.Originality/Value:This review gives readers insights into how assessment influences student thinking and how student cognition can regulate success.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant...Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.展开更多
Against the backdrop of continuous social development and growing public health demands,the efficiency and scientific nature of the emergency care system are of paramount importance.This paper focuses on researching t...Against the backdrop of continuous social development and growing public health demands,the efficiency and scientific nature of the emergency care system are of paramount importance.This paper focuses on researching the construction of an emergency care system based on the concept of“linkage”,delving into its theoretical foundations,exploring innovative construction models,and analyzing practical cases.The study indicates that an emergency care system under the“linkage”concept can effectively integrate resources and enhance efficiency,providing new insights for improving the construction of the emergency care system.It aims to promote the development of the emergency care system towards a more scientific,efficient,and collaborative direction.展开更多
The concept of Damage Control Surgery(DCS)emphasizes prioritizing hemorrhage control,preventing hypothermia,correcting coagulopathy,and acidosis in trauma treatment.The application of the DCS concept in trauma treatme...The concept of Damage Control Surgery(DCS)emphasizes prioritizing hemorrhage control,preventing hypothermia,correcting coagulopathy,and acidosis in trauma treatment.The application of the DCS concept in trauma treatment at grassroots hospitals faces numerous challenges such as limited resources,high technical difficulty,and insufficient multidisciplinary collaboration.Therefore,DCS strategies need to be adapted to simplified processes to create conditions for subsequent treatment.This paper retrieves relevant literature to discuss the proposal,promotion,and application of the DCS concept,aiming to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing trauma treatment outcomes at grassroots hospitals.展开更多
Processes supported by process-aware information systems are subject to continuous and often subtle changes due to evolving operational,organizational,or regulatory factors.These changes,referred to as incremental con...Processes supported by process-aware information systems are subject to continuous and often subtle changes due to evolving operational,organizational,or regulatory factors.These changes,referred to as incremental concept drift,gradually alter the behavior or structure of processes,making their detection and localization a challenging task.Traditional process mining techniques frequently assume process stationarity and are limited in their ability to detect such drift,particularly from a control-flow perspective.The objective of this research is to develop an interpretable and robust framework capable of detecting and localizing incremental concept drift in event logs,with a specific emphasis on the structural evolution of control-flow semantics in processes.We propose DriftXMiner,a control-flow-aware hybrid framework that combines statistical,machine learning,and process model analysis techniques.The approach comprises three key components:(1)Cumulative Drift Scanner that tracks directional statistical deviations to detect early drift signals;(2)a Temporal Clustering and Drift-Aware Forest Ensemble(DAFE)to capture distributional and classification-level changes in process behavior;and(3)Petri net-based process model reconstruction,which enables the precise localization of structural drift using transition deviation metrics and replay fitness scores.Experimental validation on the BPI Challenge 2017 event log demonstrates that DriftXMiner effectively identifies and localizes gradual and incremental process drift over time.The framework achieves a detection accuracy of 92.5%,a localization precision of 90.3%,and an F1-score of 0.91,outperforming competitive baselines such as CUSUM+Histograms and ADWIN+Alpha Miner.Visual analyses further confirm that identified drift points align with transitions in control-flow models and behavioral cluster structures.DriftXMiner offers a novel and interpretable solution for incremental concept drift detection and localization in dynamic,process-aware systems.By integrating statistical signal accumulation,temporal behavior profiling,and structural process mining,the framework enables finegrained drift explanation and supports adaptive process intelligence in evolving environments.Its modular architecture supports extension to streaming data and real-time monitoring contexts.展开更多
In this study, I show that human fights are historical projects. They are legal inventions and institutional structures and respond to historical injustices and serious atrocities suffered by people, or which threaten...In this study, I show that human fights are historical projects. They are legal inventions and institutional structures and respond to historical injustices and serious atrocities suffered by people, or which threaten them. It is useful therefore to first distinguish, both historically and systematically, different conceptions of human fights from a concept of human fights. I will distinguish three conceptions： national, international and transnational. Included in national conceptions are the human fights declarations of North America （1776） and France （1789）. The starting event of the international conception is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations after the Second World War in 1948. And it can be argued that a transnational conception of human fights that better fits the globalised world and the already global developments in intemational law and governance is needed.展开更多
Objective:To clarify the concept of in-home respite care in dementia care and identify changes in the service content over time to help providers and users better understand this sustainable service.Method:A literatur...Objective:To clarify the concept of in-home respite care in dementia care and identify changes in the service content over time to help providers and users better understand this sustainable service.Method:A literature search was conducted through Chinese databases China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,VIP,and SinoMed,as well as English databases PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Web of Sciences,and Embase.Articles published from January 1980 to December 2024 were identified.Rogers’conceptual analysis of evolution was used for this concept analysis,including six steps:identifying the concept and its context,selecting appropriate databases,determining relevant literature,identifying the concept’s attributes,antecedents,and consequences,choosing a concept exemplar if appropriate,and defininghypotheses and implications for further concept development.Results:Thirty-one articles were included.This conceptual analysis revealed the evolution of in-home respite care service content over time and summarized three key attributes.The antecedents included factors related to people with dementia,family caregivers,and the social environment(aging society,government support).The consequences of in-home respite services include delayed institutional placement and reduced security risk events for people with dementia.For family caregivers,consequences include reduced caregiving stress,improved quality of life,and perceived benefitsfrom rest periods.Conclusion:In-home respite care can be interpreted as family-centered home care that provides temporary relief from family caregivers’responsibilities in caring for people with dementia to reduce caregiver burden.The trend of service specialization and attention on dementia families’needs in service provision are future research focus.展开更多
Evaluation of hydromechanical shear behavior of unsaturated soils is still a challenging issue. The time and cost needed for conducting precise experimental investigation on shear behavior of unsaturated soils have en...Evaluation of hydromechanical shear behavior of unsaturated soils is still a challenging issue. The time and cost needed for conducting precise experimental investigation on shear behavior of unsaturated soils have encouraged several investigators to develop analytical, empirical, or semi-empirical models for predicting the shear behavior of unsaturated soils. However, most of the previously proposed models are for specimens subjected to the isotropic state of stress, without considering the effect of initial shear stress. In this study, a hydromechanical constitutive model is proposed for unsaturated collapsible soils during shearing, with consideration of the effect of the initial shear stress. The model implements an effective stress-based disturbed state concept (DSC) to predict the stress-strain behavior of the soil. Accordingly, material/state variables were defined for both the start of the shearing stage and the critical state of the soil. A series of laboratory tests was performed using a fully automated unsaturated triaxial device to verify the proposed model. The experimental program included 23 suction-controlled unsaturated triaxial shear tests on reconstituted specimens of Gorgan clayey loess wetted to different levels of suctions under both isotropic and anisotropic stress states. The results show excellent agreement between the prediction by the proposed model and the experimental results.展开更多
文摘In the field of second language acquisition, an increasing amount of research has been conducted on learner＇s beliefs. Few empirical studies, however, have been focused on students＇ conceptions of learning English （COLE）. This study aims to assess conceptions of learning particularly in the domain of English. Data were collected through the COLE questionnaire among 284 college students in China. Seven factors of COLE are identified, such as ＂memorizing＂, ＂testing＂, ＂drill and practice＂, ＂increasing knowledge＂, ＂understanding＂, ＂application＂, and ＂seeing in a new way＂. These findings also provide some pedagogical implications for English language instructors and researchers.
文摘Effective teaching has always been a goal pursued by teachers as a part of education both from the western and eastern society,for it to some extend is considered an effective way to improve society.In this essay,both Chinese and western conceptions of teaching and learning will be discussed.In doing so,their differences and similarities can be seen clearly,which will help the cross-cultural educators to understand their teaching environment and learning styles.
基金supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF):“RiSKWa-Verbundprojekt PRiMaT:Praventives Risikomanagement in der Trinkwasserversorgung”(code:02WRS1279L).
文摘Any everyday subject may trigger individual conceptions either scientifically correct or naively shaped (misconceptions, alternative conceptions). For any educator, knowledge about a pupil’s individual perception may strongly support teaching success. Within this context, we see the use of drinking water as daily behavior loaded with conceptions. We monitored the perceptions of two different samples, of high achieving 10th graders and of undergraduates in Biology. All participants responded to three closed and three open questions requesting individual statements about drinking water. All open questions were categorized via qualitative content analysis mainly revealing the perception of drinking water as a clean product, precisely controlled and drinkable with no need for worry. In general, some alternative conceptions did not seem differ in both samples over the time of about five years: For instance, many see our drinking water as purified in sewage plants. However, differences between individuals exist: For example, whether water is consumed as tap or bottled water. Here, some name water hardness as the reason to not drink tap water, because they think it is harmful (although the very same participants prefer bottled mineral water). Other conceptions seem to change over time, such as the estimation about the remaining time until our drinking water might be used up, or familiarity with the term “virtual water”. Summing up, we did find a positive attitude towards national drinking water policy, although major knowledge gaps need its mentioning. The relevance of these results and strategies for public and school teaching are discussed.
文摘Elementary knowledge of classical Chinese gardens was introduced,its history was studied in 3 stages:initial phase,development phase and prosperous phase,component system of classical Chinese gardens was introduced from different perspectives,cultural background and specific demonstrations of its artistic conceptions were expounded as key points,and it was proposed that its artistic conceptions were actually reverence and respect for the nature,and also expressions of various philosophical doctrines and religious cultures.On this basis,construction techniques and connotations of artistic conception were researched as well as its components and expression ways.It was proposed that construction elements of artistic conceptions included buildings,hill stones,water and plants;image-building in the landscaping should be stressed,and artistic conception integrated into key points to bring out the theme,garden scenes and paintings combined.This study aimed at providing references for relevant researches through introducing classical Chinese gardens and their artistic conceptions.
文摘The aim of this study was to detect and analyze the conceptions of teaching, learning activities and assessment of learning in classroom, and blended courses for university professor＇s face-to-face courses. The study design was non-experimental, descriptive, and mixed cut. The sample was not random with participation of 129 university professors＇ face-to-face courses. As was applied, the open questions questionnaire on teaching and learning conceptions of teachers and data reported six questions related to the conception of teaching, didactic activities and assessment of learning of courses in classroom and blended courses. The data were worked through content analysis and percentages. The findings showed a conception of classroom teaching with a focus on learning and a conception blended teaching with a strong focus on teaching. The most reported didactic activities in classroom courses at a decreasing hierarchy were： exposition and presentation, se, discussion forums, chat and Wikis. In classroom assessment participation, and research and blended courses the research, Wikis, teachers did not specify evaluation resources case study and mixed courses, technology per courses predominated, in the abstract tests, forums and blog,
基金supported by doctoral grant PD/BD/113999/2015 from the Fundacao para a Ciência e Tecnologia and by the European Social Fund and the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Educationfunded by the Research Grants Council (Hong Kong SAR, China)project entitled “Characterizing researchers’ research agenda-setting: an international perspective across fields of knowledge” (project number: 27608516)。
文摘Purpose:In studies of the research process,the association between how researchers conceptualize research and their strategic research agendas has been largely overlooked.This study aims to address this gap.Design/methodology/approach:This study analyzes this relationship using a dataset of more than 8,500 researchers across all scientific fields and the globe.It studies the associations between the dimensions of two inventories:the Conceptions of Research Inventory(CoRI)and the Multi-Dimensional Research Agenda Inventory—Revised(MDRAI-R).Findings:The findings show a relatively strong association between researchers’conceptions of research and their research agendas.While all conceptions of research are positively related to scientific ambition,the findings are mixed regarding how the dimensions of the two inventories relate to one another,which is significant for those seeking to understand the knowledge production process better.Research limitations:The study relies on self-reported data,which always carries a risk of response bias.Practical implications:The findings provide a greater understanding of the inner workings of knowledge processes and indicate that the two inventories,whether used individually or in combination,may provide complementary analytical perspectives to research performance indicators.They may thus offer important insights for managers of research environments regarding how to assess the research culture,beliefs,and conceptualizations of individual researchers and research teams when designing strategies to promote specific institutional research focuses and strategies.Originality/value:To the best of the authors’knowledge,this is the first study to associate research agendas and conceptions of research.It is based on a large sample of researchers working worldwide and in all fields of knowledge,which ensures that the findings have a reasonable degree of generalizability to the global population of researchers.
文摘[Objective] Taking the knowledge of tea-science field as research object,an extraction method for the taxonomic relation of ontology conception was proposed in the paper.[Method] Through improving the rule based on language mode,generalized suffix tree was constructed for the concept set of tea-science field,forming hierarchical structure and taxonomic relation among conceptions.[Result and Conclusion] Moreover,corresponding prototype system was developed based on above method,and test result indicating that the method was effective.
文摘An equivalent bar conception is firstly developed for the computer analysis of pantographic foldable structures. The uniplet of two three node beam elements is assumed as a six bar assembly with respect to least norm least square solution for the elastic strain energy equality. The equilibrium equation is developed for the equivalent models, and the internal forces formulated sequently for backup calculation. This procedure is proved practical for some engineering, and some interesting concepts proposed. Finally, three numerical tests are presented.
文摘Concept inventory(CI)tests are used to measure students’misconception.This article investigated and concludes that the current format of these tests is unable to measure students’misconceptions since the answers choices do not reflect student lack of prior knowledge,time lapse between when they learned the subject matter and when they try to recall it,and the conditions through which students construct their knowledge.CIs are better suited as tools to evaluate the effectiveness of pedagogical effectiveness and language in communicating the material to the students.
基金funded by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico(FONDECYT)(project numbers 1210264 and 1211920).
文摘Purpose:This study aimed to describe the knowledge and alternative conceptions of climate change in a group of Chilean science and non-science teachers with different teaching experiences.Design/Approach/Methods:The study used a quantitative approach with an exploratory,descriptive,and transversal design,in which a Climate Change Questionnaire was applied to a group of 64 pre-service and in-service teachers.Findings:The results demonstrated that the whole group of teachers had moderate knowledge about climate change,presenting some alternative conceptions,such as confusion about greenhouse gases,solar radiation,and the false relationship between ozone layer thinning and the greenhouse effect.There was no difference in climate change knowledge between science and non-science teachers or among teachers with different teaching experiences.Originality/Value:This is the first research work published in an international journal on the knowledge of climate change by a group of teachers in Chile(and Latin America);therefore,it is an original contribution to the literature about climate change education.Furthermore,we tested hypotheses regarding the effects of experience and scientific background on teachers'knowledge of climate change.
文摘Flood extremes due to sea level rise and extreme precipitation are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. However, despite the need for accurate climate change risk assessment, significant misconceptions in key risk terms, including vulnerability and impact, could lead to risk miscalculations. These misconceptions around risk concepts derive from the lack of risk terms’ standardization and the gaps in an integrated and widely accepted methodology for assessing climate change risks. Risk assessment frameworks should follow the specialties of each element/sector it is applied on and the special features of each climate hazard. Also, risk assessment matrix should not follow specific design settings but it should better follow the needs of each study, so as to optimize the understanding of each risk. Through an extensive literature review, this is the first paper that identifies gaps, inconsistencies and misuses of climate risk concepts and suggests specific systemization and standardization of risk terms definitions. Finally, it develops a climate change risk assessment framework and matrix, focusing on sea level rise and extreme precipitation, which could be widely implemented in risk assessment of all elements at sea level rise and extreme precipitation risk.
文摘Purpose:Universities assess and evaluate students concerning competence in essential disciplinary knowledge and skills.Those assessments impact learners’attitudes,beliefs,and emotions.Negative impacts may be overcome if students regulate their responses to assessment and feedback.Design/Approach/Methods:This article systematically locates research studies that cite three key early papers around student conceptions of assessment(SCoA).A narrative synthesis is based on 22 papers.Findings:In addition to the SCoA,11 different research inventories reveal a variety of regulatory responses that are enhanced when assessments are deliberately formative,fair,and trustworthy.There is broad interest in this phenomenon but little consistency in methods,and even the SCoA has little consistency in factor structure across jurisdictions.Only one study provided an objective behavioral measure to validate self-reports,which are the dominant form of research.Originality/Value:This review gives readers insights into how assessment influences student thinking and how student cognition can regulate success.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.
文摘Against the backdrop of continuous social development and growing public health demands,the efficiency and scientific nature of the emergency care system are of paramount importance.This paper focuses on researching the construction of an emergency care system based on the concept of“linkage”,delving into its theoretical foundations,exploring innovative construction models,and analyzing practical cases.The study indicates that an emergency care system under the“linkage”concept can effectively integrate resources and enhance efficiency,providing new insights for improving the construction of the emergency care system.It aims to promote the development of the emergency care system towards a more scientific,efficient,and collaborative direction.
文摘The concept of Damage Control Surgery(DCS)emphasizes prioritizing hemorrhage control,preventing hypothermia,correcting coagulopathy,and acidosis in trauma treatment.The application of the DCS concept in trauma treatment at grassroots hospitals faces numerous challenges such as limited resources,high technical difficulty,and insufficient multidisciplinary collaboration.Therefore,DCS strategies need to be adapted to simplified processes to create conditions for subsequent treatment.This paper retrieves relevant literature to discuss the proposal,promotion,and application of the DCS concept,aiming to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing trauma treatment outcomes at grassroots hospitals.
文摘Processes supported by process-aware information systems are subject to continuous and often subtle changes due to evolving operational,organizational,or regulatory factors.These changes,referred to as incremental concept drift,gradually alter the behavior or structure of processes,making their detection and localization a challenging task.Traditional process mining techniques frequently assume process stationarity and are limited in their ability to detect such drift,particularly from a control-flow perspective.The objective of this research is to develop an interpretable and robust framework capable of detecting and localizing incremental concept drift in event logs,with a specific emphasis on the structural evolution of control-flow semantics in processes.We propose DriftXMiner,a control-flow-aware hybrid framework that combines statistical,machine learning,and process model analysis techniques.The approach comprises three key components:(1)Cumulative Drift Scanner that tracks directional statistical deviations to detect early drift signals;(2)a Temporal Clustering and Drift-Aware Forest Ensemble(DAFE)to capture distributional and classification-level changes in process behavior;and(3)Petri net-based process model reconstruction,which enables the precise localization of structural drift using transition deviation metrics and replay fitness scores.Experimental validation on the BPI Challenge 2017 event log demonstrates that DriftXMiner effectively identifies and localizes gradual and incremental process drift over time.The framework achieves a detection accuracy of 92.5%,a localization precision of 90.3%,and an F1-score of 0.91,outperforming competitive baselines such as CUSUM+Histograms and ADWIN+Alpha Miner.Visual analyses further confirm that identified drift points align with transitions in control-flow models and behavioral cluster structures.DriftXMiner offers a novel and interpretable solution for incremental concept drift detection and localization in dynamic,process-aware systems.By integrating statistical signal accumulation,temporal behavior profiling,and structural process mining,the framework enables finegrained drift explanation and supports adaptive process intelligence in evolving environments.Its modular architecture supports extension to streaming data and real-time monitoring contexts.
文摘In this study, I show that human fights are historical projects. They are legal inventions and institutional structures and respond to historical injustices and serious atrocities suffered by people, or which threaten them. It is useful therefore to first distinguish, both historically and systematically, different conceptions of human fights from a concept of human fights. I will distinguish three conceptions： national, international and transnational. Included in national conceptions are the human fights declarations of North America （1776） and France （1789）. The starting event of the international conception is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations after the Second World War in 1948. And it can be argued that a transnational conception of human fights that better fits the globalised world and the already global developments in intemational law and governance is needed.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2022-it36)。
文摘Objective:To clarify the concept of in-home respite care in dementia care and identify changes in the service content over time to help providers and users better understand this sustainable service.Method:A literature search was conducted through Chinese databases China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,VIP,and SinoMed,as well as English databases PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Web of Sciences,and Embase.Articles published from January 1980 to December 2024 were identified.Rogers’conceptual analysis of evolution was used for this concept analysis,including six steps:identifying the concept and its context,selecting appropriate databases,determining relevant literature,identifying the concept’s attributes,antecedents,and consequences,choosing a concept exemplar if appropriate,and defininghypotheses and implications for further concept development.Results:Thirty-one articles were included.This conceptual analysis revealed the evolution of in-home respite care service content over time and summarized three key attributes.The antecedents included factors related to people with dementia,family caregivers,and the social environment(aging society,government support).The consequences of in-home respite services include delayed institutional placement and reduced security risk events for people with dementia.For family caregivers,consequences include reduced caregiving stress,improved quality of life,and perceived benefitsfrom rest periods.Conclusion:In-home respite care can be interpreted as family-centered home care that provides temporary relief from family caregivers’responsibilities in caring for people with dementia to reduce caregiver burden.The trend of service specialization and attention on dementia families’needs in service provision are future research focus.
文摘Evaluation of hydromechanical shear behavior of unsaturated soils is still a challenging issue. The time and cost needed for conducting precise experimental investigation on shear behavior of unsaturated soils have encouraged several investigators to develop analytical, empirical, or semi-empirical models for predicting the shear behavior of unsaturated soils. However, most of the previously proposed models are for specimens subjected to the isotropic state of stress, without considering the effect of initial shear stress. In this study, a hydromechanical constitutive model is proposed for unsaturated collapsible soils during shearing, with consideration of the effect of the initial shear stress. The model implements an effective stress-based disturbed state concept (DSC) to predict the stress-strain behavior of the soil. Accordingly, material/state variables were defined for both the start of the shearing stage and the critical state of the soil. A series of laboratory tests was performed using a fully automated unsaturated triaxial device to verify the proposed model. The experimental program included 23 suction-controlled unsaturated triaxial shear tests on reconstituted specimens of Gorgan clayey loess wetted to different levels of suctions under both isotropic and anisotropic stress states. The results show excellent agreement between the prediction by the proposed model and the experimental results.
