Aim and Objectives: The aim of this article is to explore whether the specific levels of caring described in Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory which include characteristics of caring, people’s concerns and commit...Aim and Objectives: The aim of this article is to explore whether the specific levels of caring described in Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory which include characteristics of caring, people’s concerns and commitments underlying caring, conditions that enhance/inhibit caring and consequences of caring and non-caring could be used in categorizing findings from two literature reviews investigating the concept of care. Background: Nursing has a long legacy as a caring/healing profession where caring is increasingly posited as one of the core concepts in modern nursing science. However, the meanings given to the concept of care remain elusive, ambiguous and unclear. Design: Two systematic literature reviews. Method: Twenty-nine articles based on strategic inclusion and exclusion criteria were synthesized. Data was retrieved from CINAHL, Medline, Embase and PsycInfo covering the period 2003-2016. The literature search used the key words care, concept analysis, systematic review, meta-synthesis, meta-analysis and narrative review. Results: Major themes found were related to the following characteristics of caring persons: compassionate, knowledgeable, positive and reflective. Concerns and commitments underlying caring were doing the right thing, connecting, focusing on the others’ experience, acknowledging individual dignity and worth and being present. Conditions that enhanced/inhibited caring were situational constraints, personality traits, communication skills, health problems and organizational features. Consequences of caring and non-caring actions included both positive and negative emotional, spiritual, physical, and social outcomes for patients, families and nurses. Conclusion: The specific levels of caring described in Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory are highly suitable for categorizing the findings from three literature reviews on the concept of care. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory can be used to guide clinical practice and encourage an individual approach to care. It has been shown to contain clear, comprehensible language in its theoretical basis;this encourages use in clinical practice.展开更多
以OBE(Outcome Based Education)教育理念为核心,针对传统课程在教学模式、实践机会、设备与项目以及师资等方面存在的问题,提出了一种基于OBE理念的机电类实验课程改革方案,构建了WHHM实施框架,并以此搭建新工科视域下包含基础层、专...以OBE(Outcome Based Education)教育理念为核心,针对传统课程在教学模式、实践机会、设备与项目以及师资等方面存在的问题,提出了一种基于OBE理念的机电类实验课程改革方案,构建了WHHM实施框架,并以此搭建新工科视域下包含基础层、专业层、综合层和创新层的四层实验课程体系。结合地方产业需求的情境化实验教学实例设计过程,阐述其具体实践过程,提出加强校地交流、建立多渠道反馈机制、基于反馈持续改进教学等建议。展开更多
[目的/意义]回顾算法意识相关研究,探讨算法意识内涵、类型与用户行为,构建算法意识理论分析框架,为提升用户算法意识、增强用户权益保障以及促进算法技术的健康发展提供理论指导。[方法/过程]以中国知网和Web of Science核心合集为数据...[目的/意义]回顾算法意识相关研究,探讨算法意识内涵、类型与用户行为,构建算法意识理论分析框架,为提升用户算法意识、增强用户权益保障以及促进算法技术的健康发展提供理论指导。[方法/过程]以中国知网和Web of Science核心合集为数据源,收集算法意识相关文献,运用扎根文献综述法对遴选出的339篇中英文文献进行分析,归纳出4种算法意识类型和3类算法意识影响下的用户行为。[结果/结论]用户算法意识类型包括算法感知、算法决策感知、算法厌恶与欣赏以及算法偏见感知,指导用户进行适应性交互、防御性应对和抵抗性干预3类行为。展开更多
文摘Aim and Objectives: The aim of this article is to explore whether the specific levels of caring described in Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory which include characteristics of caring, people’s concerns and commitments underlying caring, conditions that enhance/inhibit caring and consequences of caring and non-caring could be used in categorizing findings from two literature reviews investigating the concept of care. Background: Nursing has a long legacy as a caring/healing profession where caring is increasingly posited as one of the core concepts in modern nursing science. However, the meanings given to the concept of care remain elusive, ambiguous and unclear. Design: Two systematic literature reviews. Method: Twenty-nine articles based on strategic inclusion and exclusion criteria were synthesized. Data was retrieved from CINAHL, Medline, Embase and PsycInfo covering the period 2003-2016. The literature search used the key words care, concept analysis, systematic review, meta-synthesis, meta-analysis and narrative review. Results: Major themes found were related to the following characteristics of caring persons: compassionate, knowledgeable, positive and reflective. Concerns and commitments underlying caring were doing the right thing, connecting, focusing on the others’ experience, acknowledging individual dignity and worth and being present. Conditions that enhanced/inhibited caring were situational constraints, personality traits, communication skills, health problems and organizational features. Consequences of caring and non-caring actions included both positive and negative emotional, spiritual, physical, and social outcomes for patients, families and nurses. Conclusion: The specific levels of caring described in Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory are highly suitable for categorizing the findings from three literature reviews on the concept of care. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Swanson’s Middle Range Caring Theory can be used to guide clinical practice and encourage an individual approach to care. It has been shown to contain clear, comprehensible language in its theoretical basis;this encourages use in clinical practice.
文摘以OBE(Outcome Based Education)教育理念为核心,针对传统课程在教学模式、实践机会、设备与项目以及师资等方面存在的问题,提出了一种基于OBE理念的机电类实验课程改革方案,构建了WHHM实施框架,并以此搭建新工科视域下包含基础层、专业层、综合层和创新层的四层实验课程体系。结合地方产业需求的情境化实验教学实例设计过程,阐述其具体实践过程,提出加强校地交流、建立多渠道反馈机制、基于反馈持续改进教学等建议。
文摘[目的/意义]回顾算法意识相关研究,探讨算法意识内涵、类型与用户行为,构建算法意识理论分析框架,为提升用户算法意识、增强用户权益保障以及促进算法技术的健康发展提供理论指导。[方法/过程]以中国知网和Web of Science核心合集为数据源,收集算法意识相关文献,运用扎根文献综述法对遴选出的339篇中英文文献进行分析,归纳出4种算法意识类型和3类算法意识影响下的用户行为。[结果/结论]用户算法意识类型包括算法感知、算法决策感知、算法厌恶与欣赏以及算法偏见感知,指导用户进行适应性交互、防御性应对和抵抗性干预3类行为。
