Animals have special solution to the problem of communication in high levels of background noise. A small group of vertebrates (bats,dolphins and whales,and some rodents) that use ultrasound for communication.Our rese...Animals have special solution to the problem of communication in high levels of background noise. A small group of vertebrates (bats,dolphins and whales,and some rodents) that use ultrasound for communication.Our research first demonstrated that the concave-eared torrent frog is the first non- mammalian vertebrate found to be capable of pro- ducing and detecting ultrasounds for communica- tion.This study may provide a clue for understand- ing why humans have ear canals and how animals auditory systems have evolved,and inspire in de- veloping bionic tecnology for improving hearing in noise.展开更多
The concave-eared torrent frog(Odorrana tormota) is the first species of tailless amphibian that was evidenced to phonate and detect ultrasounds. We employed anatomic and histological methods to examine the phonatory ...The concave-eared torrent frog(Odorrana tormota) is the first species of tailless amphibian that was evidenced to phonate and detect ultrasounds. We employed anatomic and histological methods to examine the phonatory organs, including the floor of the buccal cavity, vocal cords and glottis, of O. tormota and its sympatric species including O. graminea, O. schmackeri, and Amolops wuyiensis with different fundamental frequencies, and Pelophylax nigromaculatus as a control. Our results reveal that O. tormota possesses specialized phonatory organ structures, with thinner vocal cords modulated by a moderately stronger muscular mastoideus between the medial vocal cords and the lateral cricoid cartilages, and more elastic mouth floor to likely supply faster air stream which could make the vocal cords vibrate at higher frequencies, larger relative distance between the two muscles m. intermandibulares(RDMI), and higher nucleus density of m. intermandibularis(NDMI) and m. geniohyoideus(NDMG). The results of Pearson’s correlation tests between the mean values of the above measurements and the fundamental frequencies from the five species imply that all the specialized phonatory organ structures mentioned above might be favored by higher frequency of phonation of O. tormota.展开更多
文摘Animals have special solution to the problem of communication in high levels of background noise. A small group of vertebrates (bats,dolphins and whales,and some rodents) that use ultrasound for communication.Our research first demonstrated that the concave-eared torrent frog is the first non- mammalian vertebrate found to be capable of pro- ducing and detecting ultrasounds for communica- tion.This study may provide a clue for understand- ing why humans have ear canals and how animals auditory systems have evolved,and inspire in de- veloping bionic tecnology for improving hearing in noise.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 3073002931071906)+1 种基金the Main Direction Program of the Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-YW-Z-0905KSCX2-EW-J-22)
文摘The concave-eared torrent frog(Odorrana tormota) is the first species of tailless amphibian that was evidenced to phonate and detect ultrasounds. We employed anatomic and histological methods to examine the phonatory organs, including the floor of the buccal cavity, vocal cords and glottis, of O. tormota and its sympatric species including O. graminea, O. schmackeri, and Amolops wuyiensis with different fundamental frequencies, and Pelophylax nigromaculatus as a control. Our results reveal that O. tormota possesses specialized phonatory organ structures, with thinner vocal cords modulated by a moderately stronger muscular mastoideus between the medial vocal cords and the lateral cricoid cartilages, and more elastic mouth floor to likely supply faster air stream which could make the vocal cords vibrate at higher frequencies, larger relative distance between the two muscles m. intermandibulares(RDMI), and higher nucleus density of m. intermandibularis(NDMI) and m. geniohyoideus(NDMG). The results of Pearson’s correlation tests between the mean values of the above measurements and the fundamental frequencies from the five species imply that all the specialized phonatory organ structures mentioned above might be favored by higher frequency of phonation of O. tormota.
