Due to the practical problems of the high costs and the long development cycle of China’s cabinet production,a computer-aided design method of the cabinet based on style imagery is proposed.According to the principle...Due to the practical problems of the high costs and the long development cycle of China’s cabinet production,a computer-aided design method of the cabinet based on style imagery is proposed.According to the principle of the conjoint analysis method, the rough set theory and the weight coefficient of different components of the cabinet,a multi-dimensional model of style imagery to evaluate the cabinet is built. Then the related constants of style imagery are calculated and the cabinet components library is also built by the three-dimensional modeling.Finally,with recombinant technology and the mapping model between cabinet style and external characteristics,the prototype system based on Visual Studio is proposed.This system actualizes the bidirectional reasoning between product style imagery and the shape features,which can assist designers to produce more creative designs,greatly improve the efficiency of cabinet development and increase the profits of companies.展开更多
A design problem with deficient information is generally described as wicked or ill-defined.The information insufficiency leaves designers with loose settings,free environments,and a lack of strict boundaries,which pr...A design problem with deficient information is generally described as wicked or ill-defined.The information insufficiency leaves designers with loose settings,free environments,and a lack of strict boundaries,which provides them with more opportunities to facilitate innovation.Therefore,to capture the opportunity behind the uncertainty of a design problem,this study models an innovative design as a composite solving process,where the problem is clarified and resolved from fuzziness to satisfying solutions by interplay among design problems,knowledge,and solutions.Additionally,a triple-helix structured model for the innovative product design process is proposed based on the co-evolution of the problem,solution,and knowledge spaces,to provide designers with a distinct design strategy and method for innovative design.The three spaces interact and co-evolve through iterative mappings,including problem structuring,knowledge expansion,and solution generation.The mappings carry the information processing and decision-making activities of the design,and create the path to satisfying solutions.Finally,a case study of a reactor coolant flow distribution device is presented to demonstrate the practicability of this model and the method for innovative product design.展开更多
The finite element analysis and the optimum design of aluminum profile extrusion mould were investigated using the ANSYS software and its parameterized modeling method. The optimum dimensions of the mould were obtaine...The finite element analysis and the optimum design of aluminum profile extrusion mould were investigated using the ANSYS software and its parameterized modeling method. The optimum dimensions of the mould were obtained. It is found that the stress distribution is very uneven, and the stress convergence is rather severe in the bridge of the aluminum profile extrusion mould. The optimum height of the mould is 70.527 mm, and the optimum radius of dividing holes are 70.182 mm and 80.663 mm. Increasing the height of the mould in the range of 61.282 mm to 70.422 mm can prolong its longevity, but when the height is over 70.422 mm, its longevity reduces.展开更多
Current formulation development strongly relies on trial-and-error experiments in the laboratory by pharmaceutical scientists,which is time-consuming,high cost and waste materials.This research aims to integrate vario...Current formulation development strongly relies on trial-and-error experiments in the laboratory by pharmaceutical scientists,which is time-consuming,high cost and waste materials.This research aims to integrate various computational tools,including machine learning,molecular dynamic simulation and physiologically based absorption modeling(PBAM),to enhance andrographolide(AG)/cyclodextrins(CDs)formulation design.The light GBM prediction model we built before was utilized to predict AG/CDs inclusion's binding free energy.AG/γ-CD inclusion complexes showed the strongest binding affinity,which was experimentally validated by the phase solubility study.The molecular dynamic simulation was used to investigate the inclusion mechanism between AG andγ-CD,which was experimentally characterized by DSC,FTIR and NMR techniques.PBAM was applied to simulate the in vivo behavior of the formulations,which were validated by cell and animal experiments.Cell experiments revealed that the presence of D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate(TPGS)significantly increased the intracellular uptake of AG in MDCKMDR1 cells and the absorptive transport of AG in MDCK-MDR1 monolayers.The relative bioavailability of the AG-CD-TPGS ternary system in rats was increased to 2.6-fold and 1.59-fold compared with crude AG and commercial dropping pills,respectively.In conclusion,this is the first time to integrate various computational tools to develop a new AG-CD-TPGS ternary formulation with significant improvement of aqueous solubility,dissolution rate and bioavailability.The integrated computational tool is a novel and robust methodology to facilitate pharmaceutical formulation design.展开更多
In order to achieve the functional requirements of multi-moving state, a new autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) provided with the functions such as the submarine vectorial thrust, landing on the sea bottom, wheel driv...In order to achieve the functional requirements of multi-moving state, a new autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) provided with the functions such as the submarine vectorial thrust, landing on the sea bottom, wheel driving on the ground and crawling on the ground was designed. Then five new theories and methods were proposed about the motion mechanism of the AUV such as vectorial thruster technology, design of a new wheel propeller, kinematics and dynamics, navigation control and the ambient flow field in complex sea conditions, which can all conquer conventional technique shortages and predict the multi-moving state performance under wave disturbance. The theoretical research can realize the results such as a vectorial transmission shaft with the characteristics of spatial deflexion and continual circumgyratetion, parameterized design of the new wheel propeller with preferable open-water performance and intensity characteristics satisfying multi-moving state requirements, motion computation and kinetic analysis of AUV's arbitrary postures under wave disturbance, a second-order sliding mode controller with double-loop structure based on dynamic boundary layer that ensures AUV's trajectory high-precision tracking performance under wave disturbance, fast and exact prediction of the ambient flow field characteristics and the interaction mechanism between AUV hull and wheel propellers. The elaborate data obtained from the theoretical research can provide an important theoretical guidance and technical support for the manufacture of experimental prototype.展开更多
Background:Since the launch of drug regulatory reform in 2015,China has substantially increased the availability of new cancer therapies.However,the efficacy evidence criteria for modified new anticancer drugs have no...Background:Since the launch of drug regulatory reform in 2015,China has substantially increased the availability of new cancer therapies.However,the efficacy evidence criteria for modified new anticancer drugs have not been evaluated.This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the pivotal trials supporting the indication approvals of innovative and modified new chemical anticancer drugs in China.Methods:The characteristics of indications,regulatory aspects,and pivotal trial designs were extracted and described.The primary efficacy endpoints of the pivotal clinical trials,including overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS),were quantitatively assessed by meta-analysis.Results:Between 2016 and 2022,77 cancer therapeutics for 107 indications were approved in China based on 128 pivotal trials.Among the 107 indications,64(59.8%)were classified as innovative anticancer drugs,and 43(40.2%)as modified new anticancer drugs.The study found that pivotal trials for innovative approvals tended to be single-arm trials,while modified approvals were more likely to employ randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and rigorous designs.Despite innovative drugs often receiving more expedited regulatory designations,there were no statistically significant differences in clinical benefit of OS or PFS outcomes between innovative and modified approvals.Conclusions:These results suggest that the current regulatory framework may prioritize the speed of approval for innovative drugs over the strength of supporting evidence.These findings align with the strategic trends of pharmaceutical companies and regulatory inclinations that aim to expedite the approval of innovative anticancer drugs with a high unmet need,thereby accelerating patients’accessibility to treatment.展开更多
Thermodynamic and kinetic study on TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steels, cemented carbides and mold steel for plastics were carried out in order to design modern advanced materials. With the sublattice mo...Thermodynamic and kinetic study on TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steels, cemented carbides and mold steel for plastics were carried out in order to design modern advanced materials. With the sublattice model, equilibrium compositions of ferrite and austenite phases in TRIP steels, as well as volume fraction of austenite at inter-critical temperatures for different time were calculated. Concentration profiles of carbon, manganese, aluminum and silicon in the steels were also estimated in the lattice fixed frame of reference. The effect of Si and Mn on TRIP was discussed according to thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. In order to understand and produce the graded nanophase structure of cemented carbides, miscellaneous phases in the M-Co-C （M= Ti, Ta, Nh） systems and Co-V-C system were modeled. Solution parameters and thermodynamic： properties were listed in detail. The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened mould steel for plastics was obtained by computer-aided composition design. The results showed that the matrix composition of large-section prehardened mould steel for plastic markedly influences the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion and the composition control by the aid of Thermo-Calc software package minimizes the amount of detrimental oxide inclusion. In addition, the modification of calcium was optimized in composition design.展开更多
Suitable optimization and simulation were performed using a powerful software package with a mature database as well as modem measurement facilities, which led to the successful designing and manufacturing of advanced...Suitable optimization and simulation were performed using a powerful software package with a mature database as well as modem measurement facilities, which led to the successful designing and manufacturing of advanced steels. In the course of designing, the composition of a large section of prehardened mold steel for plastics was estimated so as to lower the quantities of oxide inclusions to change the type of carbides and to raise the machinability. The composition and process were adjusted to obtain satisfactory surface quality for the prevailing galvanization in transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel. The refuting process of low-carbon steel was simulated in the light of both Thermo-Calc and Factsage. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses were always conducted during the test and the procedure.展开更多
Sustainable landscape is the only trend of future landscape development,it is of realistic significance to guide landscape architects to engage in sustainable landscape design.In this study,landscape design experience...Sustainable landscape is the only trend of future landscape development,it is of realistic significance to guide landscape architects to engage in sustainable landscape design.In this study,landscape design experience in recent years was summarized and analyzed by studying relevant design cases,then innovative design of sustainable landscapes integrating people-oriented,history and ecology was proposed to help landscape architects or beginners confused about the complex design techniques to figure out the design orientation.展开更多
The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the...The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the mould design process, in addition to the material and geometry of the part. A framed-mould computer-aided design system （FMCAD） used in the autoclave moulding process is proposed in this paper. A function model of the software is presented, in which influence factors such as part structure, mould structure, and process parameters are considered; a design model of the software is established using object oriented （O-O） technology to integrate the stiffness calculation, temperature field calculation, and deformation field calculation of mould in the design, and in the design model, a hybrid model of mould based on calculation feature and form feature is presented to support those calculations. A prototype system is developed, in which a mould design process wizard is built to integrate the input information, calculation, analysis, data storage, display, and design results of mould design. Finally, three design examples are used to verify the prototype.展开更多
Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage dis...Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage display method(in vitro)or by transgenic mice(in vivo);other methods include B lymphocyte immortalization,human–human hybridoma,and single-cell polymerase chain reaction.Here,we describe a structure-based computer-aided de novo design technology for human antibody generation.Based on the complex structure of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)/Herceptin,we first designed six short peptides targeting the potential epitope of HER2 recognized by Herceptin.Next,these peptides were set as complementarity determining regions in a suitable immunoglobulin frame,giving birth to a novel anti-HER2 antibody named "HF,"which possessed higher affinity and more effective anti-tumor activity than Herceptin.Our work offers a useful tool for the quick design and selection of novel human antibodies for basic mechanical research as well as for imaging and clinical applications in immune-related diseases,such as cancer and infectious diseases.展开更多
With the development of science and technology as well as the diversification and individualization of market demand,modern products update more and more rapidly.e rapid development of new products to satisfy the incr...With the development of science and technology as well as the diversification and individualization of market demand,modern products update more and more rapidly.e rapid development of new products to satisfy the increasingly improved and personalized customer demands greatly depends on the progress in the innovative design theory and performance optimization展开更多
Because of the powerful mapping ability, back propagation neural network (BP-NN) has been employed in computer-aided product design (CAPD) to establish the property prediction model. The backward problem in CAPD is to...Because of the powerful mapping ability, back propagation neural network (BP-NN) has been employed in computer-aided product design (CAPD) to establish the property prediction model. The backward problem in CAPD is to search for the appropriate structure or composition of the product with desired property, which is an optimization problem. In this paper, a global optimization method of using the a BB algorithm to solve the backward problem is presented. In particular, a convex lower bounding function is constructed for the objective function formulated with BP-NN model, and the calculation of the key parameter a is implemented by recurring to the interval Hessian matrix of the objective function. Two case studies involving the design of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nano composites are investigated using the proposed method.展开更多
The city planning quick topic design is a part of the city design course in many urban planning colleges.It can help stimulate the students’off-handed creativity and image expression ability.So it is necessary to exp...The city planning quick topic design is a part of the city design course in many urban planning colleges.It can help stimulate the students’off-handed creativity and image expression ability.So it is necessary to explore the teaching mode which can adapt to it and stimulate students’learning enthusiasm and creative ability.In the context of promoting the"classroom revolution"of higher education in China,the flipped classroom has received widespread attention in the higher education community.Based on this,after three years of teaching practice,the author adaptively adjusted and innovatively modified the basic model of flip classroom in the quick topic design teaching of the city design course,and has found a variant model applicable to this course,namely OCTIAS(objective-case exploration-trial and error-instructional video-activities-summary and promotion).Firstly,insert two sections before the video learning,including"case travel exploration"and"trial and error(in order to accumulate beneficial failures)".Secondly,in the classroom activities,sort out the problems reflected by the students,and organize the students to make self-evaluation,mutual evaluation and revise the trial and error plan before the class.Finally,think about the problems that may occur in the cities in the future and their spatial organization responses.The practice showed that compared with the traditional teaching mode,the OCTIAS model could make the city design course more interesting,and help the students to improve in the solidity of theoretical knowledge learning,the flexibility of practical operation,the initiative to think about realistic problems,and the ability of critical thinking and expression.展开更多
The automotive industry is under increasingscrutiny to improve sustainability,and one of thekey approaches to addressing this is sustainablematerial choice.As an industry,the automotivesector uses over l4 million tonn...The automotive industry is under increasingscrutiny to improve sustainability,and one of thekey approaches to addressing this is sustainablematerial choice.As an industry,the automotivesector uses over l4 million tonnes of plastics inpassenger automotive vehicles each year.展开更多
In the processes of product innovation and design, it is important for the designers to find and capture customer＇s focus through customer requirement weight calculation and ranking. Based on the fuzzy set theory and...In the processes of product innovation and design, it is important for the designers to find and capture customer＇s focus through customer requirement weight calculation and ranking. Based on the fuzzy set theory and Euclidean space distance, this paper puts forward a method for customer requirement weight calculation called Euclidean space distances weighting ranking method. This method is used in the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process that satisfies the additive consistent fuzzy matrix. A model for the weight calculation steps is constructed; meanwhile, a product innovation design module on the basis of the customer requirement weight calculation model is developed. Finally, combined with the instance of titanium sponge production, the customer requirement weight calculation model is validated. By the innovation design module, the structure of the titanium sponge reactor has been improved and made innovative.展开更多
The household drill is named 90 Degree, designed by Industrial Design Pilot Program Center(Hereinafter referred to as IDPPC) of Luxun Academy of Fine Arts(Hereinafter referred to as LAFA), which is the only national p...The household drill is named 90 Degree, designed by Industrial Design Pilot Program Center(Hereinafter referred to as IDPPC) of Luxun Academy of Fine Arts(Hereinafter referred to as LAFA), which is the only national pilot program center in Chinese industrial design field. 90 Degree is designed for home environment, it helps inexperience users, such as women and the elderly, complete the operation easily, and it makes sure that safe operation and assistance users solve the precise punching, location, storage trash and other operations. According to research among users who can understand or manipulate a drill, the designers find problems of users from the user central perspective, and then they integrate product innovative design methods to propose solutions. When the designers intend to design 90 Degree, they attempt using the user behavior record and analysis system, and start ergonomics study in subjects by double hands operation analysis, using gesture analysis, details of work analysis, time and motion study, etc; meanwhile taking advantages of user experience analysis, behavior intention analysis to do user subjective perceptual evaluation. The functions, structure, shape, color, material, details of 90 Degree should be consistent with the standard of usability evaluation. There are two characteristics in 90 Degree, the first one is a transparent cover installed in front of the drill, which can collect the dust, rubbish when drilling and keep the work environment clean. So it is applicable for households. When the transparent cover of the drill is removed, it also can be used as a normal hand drill; the second one is the shape of 90 Degree makes it and the operating surface fitting together, thus enhancing the stability in operation, so it is best for inexperienced users. When 90 Degree contacts with the operating surface, it can emit the laser ray which helps the user to punch accurately, and make array punch more easily. After obtaining the data, charts, creating Shadow observation by the designers, they make a comprehensive evaluation on research results; verification advantages of 90 Degree meet the requirement of usability, reducing operating failure rate; and increasing safety factors. 90 Degree, in 2011, wined German Red Dot Design Award, which had become a representative excellent design example to resolve several drilling difficulties. The designers introduce ergonomics theory into design practice, and use scientific program and methods to evaluate the products which is useful to the development and promotion of products.展开更多
In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitt...In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms＇ evolvability capacity to built-forms＇ structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models.展开更多
This paper analyses what is the concept of nature inspiration in relation to the innovative design of buildings, and the design characteristics of innovative design as well as the harmonious interactions of the past a...This paper analyses what is the concept of nature inspiration in relation to the innovative design of buildings, and the design characteristics of innovative design as well as the harmonious interactions of the past and the future in urban regeneration. This is with the aim of determining how to acquire inspirations from nature, and how to subsequently apply the visual or conceptual nature-inspired designs. Such nature-inspired designs seek to exploit the new concepts of biophilic design, such as bio-eco-friendly sustainable processes, creative designs, and systems which can be used to improve the urban environment. The goal of this research is to uncover out ways by which to apply new ideas inspired by nature for an innovative building design.展开更多
As administration ofblogs is one of the most popular activities on the Internet currently, topics related to blogs have also become a favorite subject in daily life. Questions like what ways can be used to show end-us...As administration ofblogs is one of the most popular activities on the Internet currently, topics related to blogs have also become a favorite subject in daily life. Questions like what ways can be used to show end-users＇ or designers＇ internal knowledge to find out their needs, what methods can be applied to analysis of the process, etc., have not been answered yet. Therefore, how to analyze the tacit knowledge and grasp the true demand of users is one of the major issues to be solved in empathic design. The purpose of this research is to examine the difference of whether the ＂comparison table of schema changes for users at three points of time＂ was taken into consideration or not in an empathic design brainstorming meeting. The tests consist of the experimental group and the control group. The former did not refer to the comparison table; however, the latter used it for discussion. The result indicates this comparison table helped the control group significantly in presenting an ultimate blog design of innovative ideas展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71271053)the Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.CXLX13_082)
文摘Due to the practical problems of the high costs and the long development cycle of China’s cabinet production,a computer-aided design method of the cabinet based on style imagery is proposed.According to the principle of the conjoint analysis method, the rough set theory and the weight coefficient of different components of the cabinet,a multi-dimensional model of style imagery to evaluate the cabinet is built. Then the related constants of style imagery are calculated and the cabinet components library is also built by the three-dimensional modeling.Finally,with recombinant technology and the mapping model between cabinet style and external characteristics,the prototype system based on Visual Studio is proposed.This system actualizes the bidirectional reasoning between product style imagery and the shape features,which can assist designers to produce more creative designs,greatly improve the efficiency of cabinet development and increase the profits of companies.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51435011).
文摘A design problem with deficient information is generally described as wicked or ill-defined.The information insufficiency leaves designers with loose settings,free environments,and a lack of strict boundaries,which provides them with more opportunities to facilitate innovation.Therefore,to capture the opportunity behind the uncertainty of a design problem,this study models an innovative design as a composite solving process,where the problem is clarified and resolved from fuzziness to satisfying solutions by interplay among design problems,knowledge,and solutions.Additionally,a triple-helix structured model for the innovative product design process is proposed based on the co-evolution of the problem,solution,and knowledge spaces,to provide designers with a distinct design strategy and method for innovative design.The three spaces interact and co-evolve through iterative mappings,including problem structuring,knowledge expansion,and solution generation.The mappings carry the information processing and decision-making activities of the design,and create the path to satisfying solutions.Finally,a case study of a reactor coolant flow distribution device is presented to demonstrate the practicability of this model and the method for innovative product design.
文摘The finite element analysis and the optimum design of aluminum profile extrusion mould were investigated using the ANSYS software and its parameterized modeling method. The optimum dimensions of the mould were obtained. It is found that the stress distribution is very uneven, and the stress convergence is rather severe in the bridge of the aluminum profile extrusion mould. The optimum height of the mould is 70.527 mm, and the optimum radius of dividing holes are 70.182 mm and 80.663 mm. Increasing the height of the mould in the range of 61.282 mm to 70.422 mm can prolong its longevity, but when the height is over 70.422 mm, its longevity reduces.
基金financially supported by the FDCT Project 0029/2018/A1the University of Macao Research Grants(MYRG2019-00041-ICMS)performed in part at the High-Performance Computing Cluster(HPCC)which is supported by Information and Communication Technology Office(ICTO)of the University of Macao。
文摘Current formulation development strongly relies on trial-and-error experiments in the laboratory by pharmaceutical scientists,which is time-consuming,high cost and waste materials.This research aims to integrate various computational tools,including machine learning,molecular dynamic simulation and physiologically based absorption modeling(PBAM),to enhance andrographolide(AG)/cyclodextrins(CDs)formulation design.The light GBM prediction model we built before was utilized to predict AG/CDs inclusion's binding free energy.AG/γ-CD inclusion complexes showed the strongest binding affinity,which was experimentally validated by the phase solubility study.The molecular dynamic simulation was used to investigate the inclusion mechanism between AG andγ-CD,which was experimentally characterized by DSC,FTIR and NMR techniques.PBAM was applied to simulate the in vivo behavior of the formulations,which were validated by cell and animal experiments.Cell experiments revealed that the presence of D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate(TPGS)significantly increased the intracellular uptake of AG in MDCKMDR1 cells and the absorptive transport of AG in MDCK-MDR1 monolayers.The relative bioavailability of the AG-CD-TPGS ternary system in rats was increased to 2.6-fold and 1.59-fold compared with crude AG and commercial dropping pills,respectively.In conclusion,this is the first time to integrate various computational tools to develop a new AG-CD-TPGS ternary formulation with significant improvement of aqueous solubility,dissolution rate and bioavailability.The integrated computational tool is a novel and robust methodology to facilitate pharmaceutical formulation design.
基金Project(51505491)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZR2014EEP019)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China
文摘In order to achieve the functional requirements of multi-moving state, a new autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) provided with the functions such as the submarine vectorial thrust, landing on the sea bottom, wheel driving on the ground and crawling on the ground was designed. Then five new theories and methods were proposed about the motion mechanism of the AUV such as vectorial thruster technology, design of a new wheel propeller, kinematics and dynamics, navigation control and the ambient flow field in complex sea conditions, which can all conquer conventional technique shortages and predict the multi-moving state performance under wave disturbance. The theoretical research can realize the results such as a vectorial transmission shaft with the characteristics of spatial deflexion and continual circumgyratetion, parameterized design of the new wheel propeller with preferable open-water performance and intensity characteristics satisfying multi-moving state requirements, motion computation and kinetic analysis of AUV's arbitrary postures under wave disturbance, a second-order sliding mode controller with double-loop structure based on dynamic boundary layer that ensures AUV's trajectory high-precision tracking performance under wave disturbance, fast and exact prediction of the ambient flow field characteristics and the interaction mechanism between AUV hull and wheel propellers. The elaborate data obtained from the theoretical research can provide an important theoretical guidance and technical support for the manufacture of experimental prototype.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L234038)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.82274015).
文摘Background:Since the launch of drug regulatory reform in 2015,China has substantially increased the availability of new cancer therapies.However,the efficacy evidence criteria for modified new anticancer drugs have not been evaluated.This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the pivotal trials supporting the indication approvals of innovative and modified new chemical anticancer drugs in China.Methods:The characteristics of indications,regulatory aspects,and pivotal trial designs were extracted and described.The primary efficacy endpoints of the pivotal clinical trials,including overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS),were quantitatively assessed by meta-analysis.Results:Between 2016 and 2022,77 cancer therapeutics for 107 indications were approved in China based on 128 pivotal trials.Among the 107 indications,64(59.8%)were classified as innovative anticancer drugs,and 43(40.2%)as modified new anticancer drugs.The study found that pivotal trials for innovative approvals tended to be single-arm trials,while modified approvals were more likely to employ randomized clinical trials with larger sample sizes and rigorous designs.Despite innovative drugs often receiving more expedited regulatory designations,there were no statistically significant differences in clinical benefit of OS or PFS outcomes between innovative and modified approvals.Conclusions:These results suggest that the current regulatory framework may prioritize the speed of approval for innovative drugs over the strength of supporting evidence.These findings align with the strategic trends of pharmaceutical companies and regulatory inclinations that aim to expedite the approval of innovative anticancer drugs with a high unmet need,thereby accelerating patients’accessibility to treatment.
文摘Thermodynamic and kinetic study on TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steels, cemented carbides and mold steel for plastics were carried out in order to design modern advanced materials. With the sublattice model, equilibrium compositions of ferrite and austenite phases in TRIP steels, as well as volume fraction of austenite at inter-critical temperatures for different time were calculated. Concentration profiles of carbon, manganese, aluminum and silicon in the steels were also estimated in the lattice fixed frame of reference. The effect of Si and Mn on TRIP was discussed according to thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. In order to understand and produce the graded nanophase structure of cemented carbides, miscellaneous phases in the M-Co-C （M= Ti, Ta, Nh） systems and Co-V-C system were modeled. Solution parameters and thermodynamic： properties were listed in detail. The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened mould steel for plastics was obtained by computer-aided composition design. The results showed that the matrix composition of large-section prehardened mould steel for plastic markedly influences the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion and the composition control by the aid of Thermo-Calc software package minimizes the amount of detrimental oxide inclusion. In addition, the modification of calcium was optimized in composition design.
基金The study was financially supported by the key project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Local Gov-ernment (No. 015211010), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50171038) and the China-Belgium bi-lateral project (No. 2001-242).
文摘Suitable optimization and simulation were performed using a powerful software package with a mature database as well as modem measurement facilities, which led to the successful designing and manufacturing of advanced steels. In the course of designing, the composition of a large section of prehardened mold steel for plastics was estimated so as to lower the quantities of oxide inclusions to change the type of carbides and to raise the machinability. The composition and process were adjusted to obtain satisfactory surface quality for the prevailing galvanization in transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel. The refuting process of low-carbon steel was simulated in the light of both Thermo-Calc and Factsage. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses were always conducted during the test and the procedure.
文摘Sustainable landscape is the only trend of future landscape development,it is of realistic significance to guide landscape architects to engage in sustainable landscape design.In this study,landscape design experience in recent years was summarized and analyzed by studying relevant design cases,then innovative design of sustainable landscapes integrating people-oriented,history and ecology was proposed to help landscape architects or beginners confused about the complex design techniques to figure out the design orientation.
文摘The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the mould design process, in addition to the material and geometry of the part. A framed-mould computer-aided design system （FMCAD） used in the autoclave moulding process is proposed in this paper. A function model of the software is presented, in which influence factors such as part structure, mould structure, and process parameters are considered; a design model of the software is established using object oriented （O-O） technology to integrate the stiffness calculation, temperature field calculation, and deformation field calculation of mould in the design, and in the design model, a hybrid model of mould based on calculation feature and form feature is presented to support those calculations. A prototype system is developed, in which a mould design process wizard is built to integrate the input information, calculation, analysis, data storage, display, and design results of mould design. Finally, three design examples are used to verify the prototype.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Sciences Fund(31370938 and 81272528)The Fund(81272528)offered experiment material and collected the data for analysisThe Fund(31370938)helped design the study and was helpful in preparing the manuscript.
文摘Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage display method(in vitro)or by transgenic mice(in vivo);other methods include B lymphocyte immortalization,human–human hybridoma,and single-cell polymerase chain reaction.Here,we describe a structure-based computer-aided de novo design technology for human antibody generation.Based on the complex structure of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)/Herceptin,we first designed six short peptides targeting the potential epitope of HER2 recognized by Herceptin.Next,these peptides were set as complementarity determining regions in a suitable immunoglobulin frame,giving birth to a novel anti-HER2 antibody named "HF,"which possessed higher affinity and more effective anti-tumor activity than Herceptin.Our work offers a useful tool for the quick design and selection of novel human antibodies for basic mechanical research as well as for imaging and clinical applications in immune-related diseases,such as cancer and infectious diseases.
文摘With the development of science and technology as well as the diversification and individualization of market demand,modern products update more and more rapidly.e rapid development of new products to satisfy the increasingly improved and personalized customer demands greatly depends on the progress in the innovative design theory and performance optimization
文摘Because of the powerful mapping ability, back propagation neural network (BP-NN) has been employed in computer-aided product design (CAPD) to establish the property prediction model. The backward problem in CAPD is to search for the appropriate structure or composition of the product with desired property, which is an optimization problem. In this paper, a global optimization method of using the a BB algorithm to solve the backward problem is presented. In particular, a convex lower bounding function is constructed for the objective function formulated with BP-NN model, and the calculation of the key parameter a is implemented by recurring to the interval Hessian matrix of the objective function. Two case studies involving the design of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nano composites are investigated using the proposed method.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708471)。
文摘The city planning quick topic design is a part of the city design course in many urban planning colleges.It can help stimulate the students’off-handed creativity and image expression ability.So it is necessary to explore the teaching mode which can adapt to it and stimulate students’learning enthusiasm and creative ability.In the context of promoting the"classroom revolution"of higher education in China,the flipped classroom has received widespread attention in the higher education community.Based on this,after three years of teaching practice,the author adaptively adjusted and innovatively modified the basic model of flip classroom in the quick topic design teaching of the city design course,and has found a variant model applicable to this course,namely OCTIAS(objective-case exploration-trial and error-instructional video-activities-summary and promotion).Firstly,insert two sections before the video learning,including"case travel exploration"and"trial and error(in order to accumulate beneficial failures)".Secondly,in the classroom activities,sort out the problems reflected by the students,and organize the students to make self-evaluation,mutual evaluation and revise the trial and error plan before the class.Finally,think about the problems that may occur in the cities in the future and their spatial organization responses.The practice showed that compared with the traditional teaching mode,the OCTIAS model could make the city design course more interesting,and help the students to improve in the solidity of theoretical knowledge learning,the flexibility of practical operation,the initiative to think about realistic problems,and the ability of critical thinking and expression.
文摘The automotive industry is under increasingscrutiny to improve sustainability,and one of thekey approaches to addressing this is sustainablematerial choice.As an industry,the automotivesector uses over l4 million tonnes of plastics inpassenger automotive vehicles each year.
基金supported by Major National Science and Technology Special Projects during the 10th five-year plan (No. 2006BAF01A19)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Liaoning Province(No. 2006219008)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Shenyang City (No. 1071114-2-00)
文摘In the processes of product innovation and design, it is important for the designers to find and capture customer＇s focus through customer requirement weight calculation and ranking. Based on the fuzzy set theory and Euclidean space distance, this paper puts forward a method for customer requirement weight calculation called Euclidean space distances weighting ranking method. This method is used in the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process that satisfies the additive consistent fuzzy matrix. A model for the weight calculation steps is constructed; meanwhile, a product innovation design module on the basis of the customer requirement weight calculation model is developed. Finally, combined with the instance of titanium sponge production, the customer requirement weight calculation model is validated. By the innovation design module, the structure of the titanium sponge reactor has been improved and made innovative.
文摘The household drill is named 90 Degree, designed by Industrial Design Pilot Program Center(Hereinafter referred to as IDPPC) of Luxun Academy of Fine Arts(Hereinafter referred to as LAFA), which is the only national pilot program center in Chinese industrial design field. 90 Degree is designed for home environment, it helps inexperience users, such as women and the elderly, complete the operation easily, and it makes sure that safe operation and assistance users solve the precise punching, location, storage trash and other operations. According to research among users who can understand or manipulate a drill, the designers find problems of users from the user central perspective, and then they integrate product innovative design methods to propose solutions. When the designers intend to design 90 Degree, they attempt using the user behavior record and analysis system, and start ergonomics study in subjects by double hands operation analysis, using gesture analysis, details of work analysis, time and motion study, etc; meanwhile taking advantages of user experience analysis, behavior intention analysis to do user subjective perceptual evaluation. The functions, structure, shape, color, material, details of 90 Degree should be consistent with the standard of usability evaluation. There are two characteristics in 90 Degree, the first one is a transparent cover installed in front of the drill, which can collect the dust, rubbish when drilling and keep the work environment clean. So it is applicable for households. When the transparent cover of the drill is removed, it also can be used as a normal hand drill; the second one is the shape of 90 Degree makes it and the operating surface fitting together, thus enhancing the stability in operation, so it is best for inexperienced users. When 90 Degree contacts with the operating surface, it can emit the laser ray which helps the user to punch accurately, and make array punch more easily. After obtaining the data, charts, creating Shadow observation by the designers, they make a comprehensive evaluation on research results; verification advantages of 90 Degree meet the requirement of usability, reducing operating failure rate; and increasing safety factors. 90 Degree, in 2011, wined German Red Dot Design Award, which had become a representative excellent design example to resolve several drilling difficulties. The designers introduce ergonomics theory into design practice, and use scientific program and methods to evaluate the products which is useful to the development and promotion of products.
文摘In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms＇ evolvability capacity to built-forms＇ structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models.
文摘This paper analyses what is the concept of nature inspiration in relation to the innovative design of buildings, and the design characteristics of innovative design as well as the harmonious interactions of the past and the future in urban regeneration. This is with the aim of determining how to acquire inspirations from nature, and how to subsequently apply the visual or conceptual nature-inspired designs. Such nature-inspired designs seek to exploit the new concepts of biophilic design, such as bio-eco-friendly sustainable processes, creative designs, and systems which can be used to improve the urban environment. The goal of this research is to uncover out ways by which to apply new ideas inspired by nature for an innovative building design.
文摘As administration ofblogs is one of the most popular activities on the Internet currently, topics related to blogs have also become a favorite subject in daily life. Questions like what ways can be used to show end-users＇ or designers＇ internal knowledge to find out their needs, what methods can be applied to analysis of the process, etc., have not been answered yet. Therefore, how to analyze the tacit knowledge and grasp the true demand of users is one of the major issues to be solved in empathic design. The purpose of this research is to examine the difference of whether the ＂comparison table of schema changes for users at three points of time＂ was taken into consideration or not in an empathic design brainstorming meeting. The tests consist of the experimental group and the control group. The former did not refer to the comparison table; however, the latter used it for discussion. The result indicates this comparison table helped the control group significantly in presenting an ultimate blog design of innovative ideas
