A computer-aided system for simulating weld solidification crack has been developed by which a welding engineer can carry out the welding solidification crack simulation on the basis of a commercial finite element ana...A computer-aided system for simulating weld solidification crack has been developed by which a welding engineer can carry out the welding solidification crack simulation on the basis of a commercial finite element analysis software package. its main functions include calculating the heat generations of the moving arc. mesh generation, calculating stress-strain distributions with element rebirth technique.展开更多
This paper illustrates the construction and application of the applied computeraided .system for hotplate butt welding of plastics with regard to inquiry, imitation and Optimization.
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence(AI)has potential in the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps.AIM To evaluate the feasibility of the real-time use of the computer-aided diagnosis system(CADx)AI for ColoRectal Poly...BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence(AI)has potential in the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps.AIM To evaluate the feasibility of the real-time use of the computer-aided diagnosis system(CADx)AI for ColoRectal Polyps(AI4CRP)for the optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps and to compare the performance with CAD EYE^(TM)(Fujifilm,Tokyo,Japan).CADx influence on the optical diagnosis of an expert endoscopist was also investigated.METHODS AI4CRP was developed in-house and CAD EYE was proprietary software provided by Fujifilm.Both CADxsystems exploit convolutional neural networks.Colorectal polyps were characterized as benign or premalignant and histopathology was used as gold standard.AI4CRP provided an objective assessment of its characterization by presenting a calibrated confidence characterization value(range 0.0-1.0).A predefined cut-off value of 0.6 was set with values<0.6 indicating benign and values≥0.6 indicating premalignant colorectal polyps.Low confidence characterizations were defined as values 40%around the cut-off value of 0.6(<0.36 and>0.76).Self-critical AI4CRP’s diagnostic performances excluded low confidence characterizations.RESULTS AI4CRP use was feasible and performed on 30 patients with 51 colorectal polyps.Self-critical AI4CRP,excluding 14 low confidence characterizations[27.5%(14/51)],had a diagnostic accuracy of 89.2%,sensitivity of 89.7%,and specificity of 87.5%,which was higher compared to AI4CRP.CAD EYE had a 83.7%diagnostic accuracy,74.2%sensitivity,and 100.0%specificity.Diagnostic performances of the endoscopist alone(before AI)increased nonsignificantly after reviewing the CADx characterizations of both AI4CRP and CAD EYE(AI-assisted endoscopist).Diagnostic performances of the AI-assisted endoscopist were higher compared to both CADx-systems,except for specificity for which CAD EYE performed best.CONCLUSION Real-time use of AI4CRP was feasible.Objective confidence values provided by a CADx is novel and self-critical AI4CRP showed higher diagnostic performances compared to AI4CRP.展开更多
Various deep learning models have been proposed for the accurate assisted diagnosis of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Most studies predominantly employ Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs),which focus solely on l...Various deep learning models have been proposed for the accurate assisted diagnosis of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Most studies predominantly employ Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs),which focus solely on local features,thus encountering difficulties in handling global features.In contrast to natural images,Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging(sMRI)images exhibit a higher number of channel dimensions.However,during the Position Embedding stage ofMulti Head Self Attention(MHSA),the coded information related to the channel dimension is disregarded.To tackle these issues,we propose theRepBoTNet-CESA network,an advanced AD-aided diagnostic model that is capable of learning local and global features simultaneously.It combines the advantages of CNN networks in capturing local information and Transformer networks in integrating global information,reducing computational costs while achieving excellent classification performance.Moreover,it uses the Cubic Embedding Self Attention(CESA)proposed in this paper to incorporate the channel code information,enhancing the classification performance within the Transformer structure.Finally,the RepBoTNet-CESA performs well in various AD-aided diagnosis tasks,with an accuracy of 96.58%,precision of 97.26%,and recall of 96.23%in the AD/NC task;an accuracy of 92.75%,precision of 92.84%,and recall of 93.18%in the EMCI/NC task;and an accuracy of 80.97%,precision of 83.86%,and recall of 80.91%in the AD/EMCI/LMCI/NC task.This demonstrates that RepBoTNet-CESA delivers outstanding outcomes in various AD-aided diagnostic tasks.Furthermore,our study has shown that MHSA exhibits superior performance compared to conventional attention mechanisms in enhancing ResNet performance.Besides,the Deeper RepBoTNet-CESA network fails to make further progress in AD-aided diagnostic tasks.展开更多
AIM: To ensure the diagnostic value of computer aided techniques in diabetic retinopathy(DR) detection based on ophthalmic photography(OP). METHODS: PubM ed, EMBASE, Ei village, IEEE Xplore and Cochrane Library databa...AIM: To ensure the diagnostic value of computer aided techniques in diabetic retinopathy(DR) detection based on ophthalmic photography(OP). METHODS: PubM ed, EMBASE, Ei village, IEEE Xplore and Cochrane Library database were searched systematically for literatures about computer aided detection(CAD) in DR detection. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised by the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies(QUADAS-2). Meta-Di Sc was utilized and a random effects model was plotted to summarize data from those included studies. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were selected to estimate the overall test performance. Subgroup analysis was used to identify the efficiency of CAD in detecting DR, exudates(EXs), microaneurysms(MAs) as well as hemorrhages(HMs), and neovascularizations(NVs). Publication bias was analyzed using STATA. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were finally included in this Meta-analysis after literature review. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 90%(95%CI, 85%-94%) and 90%(95%CI, 80%-96%) respectively for CAD in DR detection. With regard to CAD in EXs detecting, pooled sensitivity, specificity were 89%(95%CI, 88%-90%) and99%(95%CI, 99%-99%) respectively. In aspect of MAs and HMs detection, pooled sensitivity and specificity of CAD were 42%(95%CI, 41%-44%) and 93%(95%CI, 93%-93%) respectively. Besides, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 94%(95%CI, 89%-97%) and 87%(95%CI, 83%-90%) respectively for CAD in NVs detection. No potential publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION: CAD demonstrates overall high diagnostic accuracy for detecting DR and pathological lesions based on OP. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to prove such effect.展开更多
A multi agent computer aided assembly process planning system (MCAAPP) for ship hull is presented. The system includes system framework, global facilitator, the macro agent structure, agent communication language, ag...A multi agent computer aided assembly process planning system (MCAAPP) for ship hull is presented. The system includes system framework, global facilitator, the macro agent structure, agent communication language, agent oriented programming language, knowledge representation and reasoning strategy. The system can produce the technological file and technological quota, which can satisfy the production needs of factory.展开更多
The procedure during complex system plan design of welding position-locating machine is studied in this paper. The main difficulties in designing welding position-locating machine utilizing computer are discussed as w...The procedure during complex system plan design of welding position-locating machine is studied in this paper. The main difficulties in designing welding position-locating machine utilizing computer are discussed as well. A method of case-based intelligent CAD system for welding position-locating machine ( WMICAD) is put forward through wide research on design methodology. Object-oriented programming method is also applied to Ms system. The basic idea and realizing method are described.展开更多
Process planning and scheduling are two major plann in g and control activities that consume significant part of the lead-time, theref ore all attempts are being made to reduce lead-time by automating them. Compute r ...Process planning and scheduling are two major plann in g and control activities that consume significant part of the lead-time, theref ore all attempts are being made to reduce lead-time by automating them. Compute r Aided Process Planning (CAPP) is a step in this direction. Most of the existin g CAPP systems do not consider scheduling while generating a process plan. Sched uling is done separately after the process plan has been generated and therefore , it is possible that a process plan so generated is either not optimal or feasi ble from scheduling point of view. As process plans are generated without consid eration of job shop status, many problems arise within the manufacturing environ ment. Investigations have shown that 20%～30% of all process plans generated are not valid and have to be altered or suffer production delays when production sta rts. There is thus a major need for integration of scheduling with computer aide d process planning for generating more realistic process plans. In doing so, eff iciency of the manufacturing system as a whole is expected to improve. Decision support system performs many functions such as selection of machine too ls, cutting tools, sequencing of operations, determination of optimum cutting pa rameters and checking availability of machine tool before allocating any operati on to a machine tool. The process of transforming component data, process capabi lity and decision rules into computer readable format is still a major obstacle. This paper proposes architecture of a system, which integrates computer aided p rocess-planning system with scheduling using decision support system. A decisio n support system can be defined as " an interactive system that provides the use rs with easy access to decision models in order to support semi-structured or u nstructured decision making tasks".展开更多
BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous neoplasms(ESN)is essential for improving patient prognosis.Optical diagnosis of ESN remains challenging.Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy(pCLE)enables accurate ...BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous neoplasms(ESN)is essential for improving patient prognosis.Optical diagnosis of ESN remains challenging.Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy(pCLE)enables accurate in vivo histological observation and optical biopsy of ESN.However,interpretation of pCLE images requires histopathological expertise and extensive training.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been widely applied in digestive endoscopy;however,AI for pCLE diagnosis of ESN has not been reported.AIM To develop a pCLE computer-aided diagnostic system for ESN and assess its diagnostic performance and assistant efficiency for nonexpert endoscopists.METHODS The intelligent confocal laser endomicroscopy(iCLE)system consists of image recognition(based on inception-ResNet V2),video diagnosis,and quality judgment modules.This system was developed using pCLE images and videos and evaluated through image and prospective video recognition tests.Patients between June 2020 and January 2023 were prospectively enrolled.Expert and nonexpert endoscopists and the iCLE independently performed diagnoses for pCLE videos,with histopathology as the gold standard.Thereafter,the non-expert endoscopists performed a second assessment with iCLE assistance.RESULTS A total of 25056 images from 2803 patients were selected for iCLE training and validation.Another 2442 images from 226 patients were used for testing.iCLE achieved a high accuracy of 98.3%,sensitivity of 95.3%and specificity of 98.8%for diagnosing ESN images.A total of 2581 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal pCLE examination and were prospectively screened;54 patients with suspected ESN were enrolled.Overall,187 videos from 67 lesions were assessed by iCLE,three nonexpert and three expert endoscopists.iCLE achieved a high accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of 90.9%,92.0%,and 90.2%,respectively.Compared to experts,iCLE showed significantly higher sensitivity(92.0%vs 80.4%;P<0.001)and negative predictive value(94.4%vs 87.7%;P=0.003).With iCLE assistance,nonexpert endoscopists showed significant improvements in accuracy(from 83.6%to 88.6%)and sensitivity(from 76.0%to 89.8%).CONCLUSION iCLE system demonstrated high diagnostic performance for ESN.It can assist nonexpert endoscopists in improving the diagnostic efficiency of pCLE for ESN and has the potential for reducing unnecessary biopsies.展开更多
Automated prostate cancer detection in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans is of significant importance for cancer patient management.Most existing computer-aided diagnosis systems adopt segmentation methods while ob...Automated prostate cancer detection in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans is of significant importance for cancer patient management.Most existing computer-aided diagnosis systems adopt segmentation methods while object detection approaches recently show promising results.The authors have(1)carefully compared performances of most-developed segmentation and object detection methods in localising prostate imaging reporting and data system(PIRADS)-labelled prostate lesions on MRI scans;(2)proposed an additional customised set of lesion-level localisation sensitivity and precision;(3)proposed efficient ways to ensemble the segmentation and object detection methods for improved performances.The ground-truth(GT)perspective lesion-level sensitivity and prediction-perspective lesion-level precision are reported,to quantify the ratios of true positive voxels being detected by algorithms over the number of voxels in the GT labelled regions and predicted regions.The two networks are trained independently on 549 clinical patients data with PIRADS-V2 as GT labels,and tested on 161 internal and 100 external MRI scans.At the lesion level,nnDetection outperforms nnUNet for detecting both PIRADS≥3 and PIRADS≥4 lesions in majority cases.For example,at the average false positive prediction per patient being 3,nnDetection achieves a greater Intersection-of-Union(IoU)-based sensitivity than nnUNet for detecting PIRADS≥3 lesions,being 80.78%�1.50%versus 60.40%�1.64%(p<0.01).At the voxel level,nnUnet is in general superior or comparable to nnDetection.The proposed ensemble methods achieve improved or comparable lesion-level accuracy,in all tested clinical scenarios.For example,at 3 false positives,the lesion-wise ensemble method achieves 82.24%�1.43%sensitivity versus 80.78%�1.50%(nnDetection)and 60.40%�1.64%(nnUNet)for detecting PIRADS≥3 lesions.Consistent conclusions are also drawn from results on the external data set.展开更多
This paper proposes the novel computer aided volleyball training system based on pattern recognition model. In general the quality of volleyball training at the same time, we should strengthen coordination, mobile pow...This paper proposes the novel computer aided volleyball training system based on pattern recognition model. In general the quality of volleyball training at the same time, we should strengthen coordination, mobile power, quality training, strengthen mobile exercises, moving fast and flexible to overcome the sudden fall of soft volleyball on the defensive and pilling adverse, such practice can be used for mobile.Strengthen the strength training, enhance the strength of the upper and lower limbs, improve the team＇ s bounce and batting speed is conducive to compete for the advantage of the Internet, better undermine the defense. With the help of the proposed system, the training process will be more effective, and the performance will be verified in the later discussions.展开更多
In the paper the basic elements of CAD systems from software point of view are dis- cussed.The creation and next the modification of CAD systems needs specialized software tools.In the paper the idea computer Aided So...In the paper the basic elements of CAD systems from software point of view are dis- cussed.The creation and next the modification of CAD systems needs specialized software tools.In the paper the idea computer Aided Software Engineering(CASE)for CAD systems production and practi- cal software realization of such a software tool is considered.The main element of this tool is special program provided for convenient storage and modification of CAD source program.In the paper the simple examples are presented and discussed.展开更多
Design of internal combustion engine (ICE) components is one of the earliest and also the most active areas in which computer aided modeling techniques are applied. Computer aided modeling techniques could provide req...Design of internal combustion engine (ICE) components is one of the earliest and also the most active areas in which computer aided modeling techniques are applied. Computer aided modeling techniques could provide requisite information for follow up designing segments such as structural analysis, design of technological process and manufacturing etc, and thereby lead to the reduction of product design period and the quality and reliability improvement of ICE components. So the developing situations of ICE components' 2 D drafting, 3 D modeling of ICE, overall CAD of ICE as well as component design expert system etc. are surveyed, which are the typical applications of computer aided modeling techniques in ICE component design process, and some existent problems and tasks are pointed out so as to make some references for the further research work.展开更多
Compared with other kinds of airbags, curtain airbag（CAB） has more complex structures and larger coverage area. The product development process depends on many module tests, sled tests and full size vehicle tests. C...Compared with other kinds of airbags, curtain airbag（CAB） has more complex structures and larger coverage area. The product development process depends on many module tests, sled tests and full size vehicle tests. Computer aided engineering（CAE） technology can replace tests to a great extent, also save test costs and product development time. This paper introduces the way of setting up simulation models and application of static deployment tests and free motion headform（FMH） tests to verify simulation models. In the CAB simulation, uniform pressure airbag models and computational fluid dynamics（CFD） models are all used. The uniform pressure airbag models are not able to simulate the pressure difference among different parts inside the cushion during inflating process. CFD-based CAB models are used to help the curtain airbag optimization design. Based on effective CAE simulation, the optimization analyses related to diffuser tube parameters, inflator mass flow rate and cushion folding patterns are discussed and performed in different cases. The optimization result shows that the proposed techniques are helpful to the parametric optimization design of side curtain airbag module in curtain airbag development process.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to develop a standard methodology for measuring the surface free energy (SFE),and its component parts of bamboo fiber materials.The current methods was reviewed to determine the surface te...The purpose of this study is to develop a standard methodology for measuring the surface free energy (SFE),and its component parts of bamboo fiber materials.The current methods was reviewed to determine the surface tension of natural fibers and the disadvantages of techniques used were discussed.Although numerous techniques have been employed to characterize surface tension of natural fibers,it seems that the credibility of results obtained may often be dubious.In this paper,critical surface tension estimates were obtained from computer aided machine vision based measurement.Data were then analyzed by the least squares method to estimate the components of SFE.SFE was estimated by least squares analysis and also by Schultz' method.By using the Fowkes method the polar and disperse fractions of the surface free energy of bamboo fiber materials can be obtained.Strictly speaking,this method is based on a combination of the knowledge of Fowkes theory. SFE is desirable when adhesion is required,and it avoids some of the limitations of existing studies which has been proposed.The calculation steps described in this research are only intended to explain the methods.The results show that the method that only determines SFE as a single parameter may be unable to differentiate adequately between bamboo fiber materials,but it is feasible and very efficient.In order to obtain the maximum performance from the computer aided machine vision based measurement instruments,this measurement should be recommended and kept available for reference.展开更多
In this paper, we review some mathematical models in medical image processing. Due to the superiority in modeling and computation, variational methods have been proven to be powerful techniques, which have been extrem...In this paper, we review some mathematical models in medical image processing. Due to the superiority in modeling and computation, variational methods have been proven to be powerful techniques, which have been extremely popular and dramatically improved in the past two decades. On one hand, many models have been proposed for nearly all kinds of applications. On the other hand, a lot of models can be globally optimized and also many computation tools have been introduced. Under the variational framework, we focus on two basic problems in medical imaging： image restoration and segmentation, which are core components for kinds of specific tasks. For image restoration, we discuss some models on both additive and multiplicative noises. For image segmentation, we review some models on both whole image segmentation and specific target delineation, with the later being a key step in computer aided surgery. Additionally, we present some models on liver delineation and give their applications to living donor liver transplantation.展开更多
Cold roll forming is a complicated metal processing, and its is very difficult to simulate the forming process. Based on the Updated-Lagrange method in the deformation mechanics, an elastic-plastic large deformation s...Cold roll forming is a complicated metal processing, and its is very difficult to simulate the forming process. Based on the Updated-Lagrange method in the deformation mechanics, an elastic-plastic large deformation spline finite strip method is developed to analyze cold roll forming of a thin channel section. The longitudinal membrane strain values on the edge of the deformed strip for four one-pass sequences in different fold angles are got. Simulated results are compared with the results from previously conducted experiments. The deviation of the simulated peak strain values is within 30% compared with the experimental results.展开更多
This paper gives and verifies a mathematical model with only one argument which determines the movement parameters of any point in a plane four-bar linkage on the basis of the analysis of mining machinery linkages. C ...This paper gives and verifies a mathematical model with only one argument which determines the movement parameters of any point in a plane four-bar linkage on the basis of the analysis of mining machinery linkages. C A A (computer aided analysis) based on the mathemetical model can be used to make not only the quick and accurate analysis and design of mining machinery linkages but also the movement analysis and optimization design of any other plane four-bar linkage.展开更多
基金The project was supported by the National Scaling BPlan of China.
文摘A computer-aided system for simulating weld solidification crack has been developed by which a welding engineer can carry out the welding solidification crack simulation on the basis of a commercial finite element analysis software package. its main functions include calculating the heat generations of the moving arc. mesh generation, calculating stress-strain distributions with element rebirth technique.
文摘This paper illustrates the construction and application of the applied computeraided .system for hotplate butt welding of plastics with regard to inquiry, imitation and Optimization.
文摘BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence(AI)has potential in the optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps.AIM To evaluate the feasibility of the real-time use of the computer-aided diagnosis system(CADx)AI for ColoRectal Polyps(AI4CRP)for the optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps and to compare the performance with CAD EYE^(TM)(Fujifilm,Tokyo,Japan).CADx influence on the optical diagnosis of an expert endoscopist was also investigated.METHODS AI4CRP was developed in-house and CAD EYE was proprietary software provided by Fujifilm.Both CADxsystems exploit convolutional neural networks.Colorectal polyps were characterized as benign or premalignant and histopathology was used as gold standard.AI4CRP provided an objective assessment of its characterization by presenting a calibrated confidence characterization value(range 0.0-1.0).A predefined cut-off value of 0.6 was set with values<0.6 indicating benign and values≥0.6 indicating premalignant colorectal polyps.Low confidence characterizations were defined as values 40%around the cut-off value of 0.6(<0.36 and>0.76).Self-critical AI4CRP’s diagnostic performances excluded low confidence characterizations.RESULTS AI4CRP use was feasible and performed on 30 patients with 51 colorectal polyps.Self-critical AI4CRP,excluding 14 low confidence characterizations[27.5%(14/51)],had a diagnostic accuracy of 89.2%,sensitivity of 89.7%,and specificity of 87.5%,which was higher compared to AI4CRP.CAD EYE had a 83.7%diagnostic accuracy,74.2%sensitivity,and 100.0%specificity.Diagnostic performances of the endoscopist alone(before AI)increased nonsignificantly after reviewing the CADx characterizations of both AI4CRP and CAD EYE(AI-assisted endoscopist).Diagnostic performances of the AI-assisted endoscopist were higher compared to both CADx-systems,except for specificity for which CAD EYE performed best.CONCLUSION Real-time use of AI4CRP was feasible.Objective confidence values provided by a CADx is novel and self-critical AI4CRP showed higher diagnostic performances compared to AI4CRP.
基金the Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grants LD21F020001,Z20F020022the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62072340,62076185the Major Project of Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation under Grants 2021HZSY0071,ZS2022001.
文摘Various deep learning models have been proposed for the accurate assisted diagnosis of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Most studies predominantly employ Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs),which focus solely on local features,thus encountering difficulties in handling global features.In contrast to natural images,Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging(sMRI)images exhibit a higher number of channel dimensions.However,during the Position Embedding stage ofMulti Head Self Attention(MHSA),the coded information related to the channel dimension is disregarded.To tackle these issues,we propose theRepBoTNet-CESA network,an advanced AD-aided diagnostic model that is capable of learning local and global features simultaneously.It combines the advantages of CNN networks in capturing local information and Transformer networks in integrating global information,reducing computational costs while achieving excellent classification performance.Moreover,it uses the Cubic Embedding Self Attention(CESA)proposed in this paper to incorporate the channel code information,enhancing the classification performance within the Transformer structure.Finally,the RepBoTNet-CESA performs well in various AD-aided diagnosis tasks,with an accuracy of 96.58%,precision of 97.26%,and recall of 96.23%in the AD/NC task;an accuracy of 92.75%,precision of 92.84%,and recall of 93.18%in the EMCI/NC task;and an accuracy of 80.97%,precision of 83.86%,and recall of 80.91%in the AD/EMCI/LMCI/NC task.This demonstrates that RepBoTNet-CESA delivers outstanding outcomes in various AD-aided diagnostic tasks.Furthermore,our study has shown that MHSA exhibits superior performance compared to conventional attention mechanisms in enhancing ResNet performance.Besides,the Deeper RepBoTNet-CESA network fails to make further progress in AD-aided diagnostic tasks.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No.2018YFC1314900 No.2018YFC1314902)+2 种基金Nantong “226 Project”Excellent Key Teachers in the “Qing Lan Project” of Jiangsu Colleges and UniversitiesJiangsu Students’ Platform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (No.201910304108Y)
文摘AIM: To ensure the diagnostic value of computer aided techniques in diabetic retinopathy(DR) detection based on ophthalmic photography(OP). METHODS: PubM ed, EMBASE, Ei village, IEEE Xplore and Cochrane Library database were searched systematically for literatures about computer aided detection(CAD) in DR detection. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised by the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies(QUADAS-2). Meta-Di Sc was utilized and a random effects model was plotted to summarize data from those included studies. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were selected to estimate the overall test performance. Subgroup analysis was used to identify the efficiency of CAD in detecting DR, exudates(EXs), microaneurysms(MAs) as well as hemorrhages(HMs), and neovascularizations(NVs). Publication bias was analyzed using STATA. RESULTS: Fourteen articles were finally included in this Meta-analysis after literature review. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 90%(95%CI, 85%-94%) and 90%(95%CI, 80%-96%) respectively for CAD in DR detection. With regard to CAD in EXs detecting, pooled sensitivity, specificity were 89%(95%CI, 88%-90%) and99%(95%CI, 99%-99%) respectively. In aspect of MAs and HMs detection, pooled sensitivity and specificity of CAD were 42%(95%CI, 41%-44%) and 93%(95%CI, 93%-93%) respectively. Besides, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 94%(95%CI, 89%-97%) and 87%(95%CI, 83%-90%) respectively for CAD in NVs detection. No potential publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION: CAD demonstrates overall high diagnostic accuracy for detecting DR and pathological lesions based on OP. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to prove such effect.
文摘A multi agent computer aided assembly process planning system (MCAAPP) for ship hull is presented. The system includes system framework, global facilitator, the macro agent structure, agent communication language, agent oriented programming language, knowledge representation and reasoning strategy. The system can produce the technological file and technological quota, which can satisfy the production needs of factory.
文摘The procedure during complex system plan design of welding position-locating machine is studied in this paper. The main difficulties in designing welding position-locating machine utilizing computer are discussed as well. A method of case-based intelligent CAD system for welding position-locating machine ( WMICAD) is put forward through wide research on design methodology. Object-oriented programming method is also applied to Ms system. The basic idea and realizing method are described.
文摘Process planning and scheduling are two major plann in g and control activities that consume significant part of the lead-time, theref ore all attempts are being made to reduce lead-time by automating them. Compute r Aided Process Planning (CAPP) is a step in this direction. Most of the existin g CAPP systems do not consider scheduling while generating a process plan. Sched uling is done separately after the process plan has been generated and therefore , it is possible that a process plan so generated is either not optimal or feasi ble from scheduling point of view. As process plans are generated without consid eration of job shop status, many problems arise within the manufacturing environ ment. Investigations have shown that 20%～30% of all process plans generated are not valid and have to be altered or suffer production delays when production sta rts. There is thus a major need for integration of scheduling with computer aide d process planning for generating more realistic process plans. In doing so, eff iciency of the manufacturing system as a whole is expected to improve. Decision support system performs many functions such as selection of machine too ls, cutting tools, sequencing of operations, determination of optimum cutting pa rameters and checking availability of machine tool before allocating any operati on to a machine tool. The process of transforming component data, process capabi lity and decision rules into computer readable format is still a major obstacle. This paper proposes architecture of a system, which integrates computer aided p rocess-planning system with scheduling using decision support system. A decisio n support system can be defined as " an interactive system that provides the use rs with easy access to decision models in order to support semi-structured or u nstructured decision making tasks".
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC2413800the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,No.tsqn202306344the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270580 and No.82070552.
文摘BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous neoplasms(ESN)is essential for improving patient prognosis.Optical diagnosis of ESN remains challenging.Probebased confocal laser endomicroscopy(pCLE)enables accurate in vivo histological observation and optical biopsy of ESN.However,interpretation of pCLE images requires histopathological expertise and extensive training.Artificial intelligence(AI)has been widely applied in digestive endoscopy;however,AI for pCLE diagnosis of ESN has not been reported.AIM To develop a pCLE computer-aided diagnostic system for ESN and assess its diagnostic performance and assistant efficiency for nonexpert endoscopists.METHODS The intelligent confocal laser endomicroscopy(iCLE)system consists of image recognition(based on inception-ResNet V2),video diagnosis,and quality judgment modules.This system was developed using pCLE images and videos and evaluated through image and prospective video recognition tests.Patients between June 2020 and January 2023 were prospectively enrolled.Expert and nonexpert endoscopists and the iCLE independently performed diagnoses for pCLE videos,with histopathology as the gold standard.Thereafter,the non-expert endoscopists performed a second assessment with iCLE assistance.RESULTS A total of 25056 images from 2803 patients were selected for iCLE training and validation.Another 2442 images from 226 patients were used for testing.iCLE achieved a high accuracy of 98.3%,sensitivity of 95.3%and specificity of 98.8%for diagnosing ESN images.A total of 2581 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal pCLE examination and were prospectively screened;54 patients with suspected ESN were enrolled.Overall,187 videos from 67 lesions were assessed by iCLE,three nonexpert and three expert endoscopists.iCLE achieved a high accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of 90.9%,92.0%,and 90.2%,respectively.Compared to experts,iCLE showed significantly higher sensitivity(92.0%vs 80.4%;P<0.001)and negative predictive value(94.4%vs 87.7%;P=0.003).With iCLE assistance,nonexpert endoscopists showed significant improvements in accuracy(from 83.6%to 88.6%)and sensitivity(from 76.0%to 89.8%).CONCLUSION iCLE system demonstrated high diagnostic performance for ESN.It can assist nonexpert endoscopists in improving the diagnostic efficiency of pCLE for ESN and has the potential for reducing unnecessary biopsies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62303275International Alliance for Cancer Early Detection,Grant/Award Numbers:C28070/A30912,C73666/A31378Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:203145Z/16/Z。
文摘Automated prostate cancer detection in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans is of significant importance for cancer patient management.Most existing computer-aided diagnosis systems adopt segmentation methods while object detection approaches recently show promising results.The authors have(1)carefully compared performances of most-developed segmentation and object detection methods in localising prostate imaging reporting and data system(PIRADS)-labelled prostate lesions on MRI scans;(2)proposed an additional customised set of lesion-level localisation sensitivity and precision;(3)proposed efficient ways to ensemble the segmentation and object detection methods for improved performances.The ground-truth(GT)perspective lesion-level sensitivity and prediction-perspective lesion-level precision are reported,to quantify the ratios of true positive voxels being detected by algorithms over the number of voxels in the GT labelled regions and predicted regions.The two networks are trained independently on 549 clinical patients data with PIRADS-V2 as GT labels,and tested on 161 internal and 100 external MRI scans.At the lesion level,nnDetection outperforms nnUNet for detecting both PIRADS≥3 and PIRADS≥4 lesions in majority cases.For example,at the average false positive prediction per patient being 3,nnDetection achieves a greater Intersection-of-Union(IoU)-based sensitivity than nnUNet for detecting PIRADS≥3 lesions,being 80.78%�1.50%versus 60.40%�1.64%(p<0.01).At the voxel level,nnUnet is in general superior or comparable to nnDetection.The proposed ensemble methods achieve improved or comparable lesion-level accuracy,in all tested clinical scenarios.For example,at 3 false positives,the lesion-wise ensemble method achieves 82.24%�1.43%sensitivity versus 80.78%�1.50%(nnDetection)and 60.40%�1.64%(nnUNet)for detecting PIRADS≥3 lesions.Consistent conclusions are also drawn from results on the external data set.
文摘This paper proposes the novel computer aided volleyball training system based on pattern recognition model. In general the quality of volleyball training at the same time, we should strengthen coordination, mobile power, quality training, strengthen mobile exercises, moving fast and flexible to overcome the sudden fall of soft volleyball on the defensive and pilling adverse, such practice can be used for mobile.Strengthen the strength training, enhance the strength of the upper and lower limbs, improve the team＇ s bounce and batting speed is conducive to compete for the advantage of the Internet, better undermine the defense. With the help of the proposed system, the training process will be more effective, and the performance will be verified in the later discussions.
文摘In the paper the basic elements of CAD systems from software point of view are dis- cussed.The creation and next the modification of CAD systems needs specialized software tools.In the paper the idea computer Aided Software Engineering(CASE)for CAD systems production and practi- cal software realization of such a software tool is considered.The main element of this tool is special program provided for convenient storage and modification of CAD source program.In the paper the simple examples are presented and discussed.
文摘Design of internal combustion engine (ICE) components is one of the earliest and also the most active areas in which computer aided modeling techniques are applied. Computer aided modeling techniques could provide requisite information for follow up designing segments such as structural analysis, design of technological process and manufacturing etc, and thereby lead to the reduction of product design period and the quality and reliability improvement of ICE components. So the developing situations of ICE components' 2 D drafting, 3 D modeling of ICE, overall CAD of ICE as well as component design expert system etc. are surveyed, which are the typical applications of computer aided modeling techniques in ICE component design process, and some existent problems and tasks are pointed out so as to make some references for the further research work.
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2006AA110102)
文摘Compared with other kinds of airbags, curtain airbag（CAB） has more complex structures and larger coverage area. The product development process depends on many module tests, sled tests and full size vehicle tests. Computer aided engineering（CAE） technology can replace tests to a great extent, also save test costs and product development time. This paper introduces the way of setting up simulation models and application of static deployment tests and free motion headform（FMH） tests to verify simulation models. In the CAB simulation, uniform pressure airbag models and computational fluid dynamics（CFD） models are all used. The uniform pressure airbag models are not able to simulate the pressure difference among different parts inside the cushion during inflating process. CFD-based CAB models are used to help the curtain airbag optimization design. Based on effective CAE simulation, the optimization analyses related to diffuser tube parameters, inflator mass flow rate and cushion folding patterns are discussed and performed in different cases. The optimization result shows that the proposed techniques are helpful to the parametric optimization design of side curtain airbag module in curtain airbag development process.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31101085)the Scientific Research and Development Foundation for Start-up Projects of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University (No.2034020044)
文摘The purpose of this study is to develop a standard methodology for measuring the surface free energy (SFE),and its component parts of bamboo fiber materials.The current methods was reviewed to determine the surface tension of natural fibers and the disadvantages of techniques used were discussed.Although numerous techniques have been employed to characterize surface tension of natural fibers,it seems that the credibility of results obtained may often be dubious.In this paper,critical surface tension estimates were obtained from computer aided machine vision based measurement.Data were then analyzed by the least squares method to estimate the components of SFE.SFE was estimated by least squares analysis and also by Schultz' method.By using the Fowkes method the polar and disperse fractions of the surface free energy of bamboo fiber materials can be obtained.Strictly speaking,this method is based on a combination of the knowledge of Fowkes theory. SFE is desirable when adhesion is required,and it avoids some of the limitations of existing studies which has been proposed.The calculation steps described in this research are only intended to explain the methods.The results show that the method that only determines SFE as a single parameter may be unable to differentiate adequately between bamboo fiber materials,but it is feasible and very efficient.In order to obtain the maximum performance from the computer aided machine vision based measurement instruments,this measurement should be recommended and kept available for reference.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11101365)a National Science and Technology Project during the twelfth five-year plan of China (2012BAI10B04)
文摘In this paper, we review some mathematical models in medical image processing. Due to the superiority in modeling and computation, variational methods have been proven to be powerful techniques, which have been extremely popular and dramatically improved in the past two decades. On one hand, many models have been proposed for nearly all kinds of applications. On the other hand, a lot of models can be globally optimized and also many computation tools have been introduced. Under the variational framework, we focus on two basic problems in medical imaging： image restoration and segmentation, which are core components for kinds of specific tasks. For image restoration, we discuss some models on both additive and multiplicative noises. For image segmentation, we review some models on both whole image segmentation and specific target delineation, with the later being a key step in computer aided surgery. Additionally, we present some models on liver delineation and give their applications to living donor liver transplantation.
基金Acknowledgements - This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chin a (Grant No.59875075) and the Univ
文摘Cold roll forming is a complicated metal processing, and its is very difficult to simulate the forming process. Based on the Updated-Lagrange method in the deformation mechanics, an elastic-plastic large deformation spline finite strip method is developed to analyze cold roll forming of a thin channel section. The longitudinal membrane strain values on the edge of the deformed strip for four one-pass sequences in different fold angles are got. Simulated results are compared with the results from previously conducted experiments. The deviation of the simulated peak strain values is within 30% compared with the experimental results.
文摘This paper gives and verifies a mathematical model with only one argument which determines the movement parameters of any point in a plane four-bar linkage on the basis of the analysis of mining machinery linkages. C A A (computer aided analysis) based on the mathemetical model can be used to make not only the quick and accurate analysis and design of mining machinery linkages but also the movement analysis and optimization design of any other plane four-bar linkage.
