AIM： Acute pancreatitis （AP） is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems. Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE Ⅱ） syst...AIM： Acute pancreatitis （AP） is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems. Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE Ⅱ） systems and Balthazar computed tomography severity index （CTSI）. The purpose of this review study was to assess the accuracy of CTSI, Ranson score, and APACHE II score in course and outcome prediction of AP. METHODS： We reviewed 121 patients who underwent helical CT within 48 h after onset of symptoms of a first episode of AP between 1999 and 2003. Fourteen inappropriate subjects were excluded; we reviewed the 107 contrastenhanced CT images to calculate the CTSI. We also reviewed their Ranson and APACHE Ⅱ score. In addition, complications, duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, and other pathology history also were our comparison parameters. RESULTS： We classified 85 patients （79%） as having mild AP （CTSI 〈5） and 22 patients （21%） as having severe AP （CTSI ≥5）. In mild group, the mean APACHE II score and Ranson score was 8.6±1.9 and 2.4±1.2, and those of severe group was 10.2±2.1 and 3.1±0.8, respectively. The most common complication was pseudocyst and abscess and it presented in 21 （20%） patients and their CTSI was 5.9±1.4. A CTSI ≥5 significantly correlated with death, complication present, and prolonged length of stay. Patients with a CTSI ≥5 were 15 times to die than those CTSI 〈5, and the prolonged length of stay and complications present were 17 times and 8 times than that in CTSI 〈5, respectively. CONCLUSION： CTSI is a useful tool in assessing the severity and outcome of AP and the CTSI ≥5 is an index in our study. Although Ranson score and APACHE II score also are choices to be the predictors for complications, mortality and the length of stay of AP, the sensitivity of them are lower than CTSI.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is continuing.The disease most commonly affects the lungs.Since the beginning of the pandemic thorax computed tomography(CT)has been an indispensable imaging m...BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is continuing.The disease most commonly affects the lungs.Since the beginning of the pandemic thorax computed tomography(CT)has been an indispensable imaging method for diagnosis and follow-up.The disease is tried to be controlled with vaccines.Vaccination reduces the possibility of a severe course of the disease.AIM The aim of this study is to investigate whether the vaccination status of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 has an effect on the CT severity score(CT-SS)and CORADS score obtained during hospitalization.METHODS The files of patients hospitalized between April 1,2021 and April 1,2022 due to COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed.A total of 224 patients who were older than 18 years of age,whose vaccination status was accessible,whose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction result was positive,and who had a Thorax CT scan during hospitalization were included in the study.RESULTS Among the patients included in the study,52.2%were female and the mean age was 61.85 years.The patients applied to the hospital on the average 7th day of their complaints.While 63 patients were unvaccinated(Group 1),20 were vaccinated with a single dose of CoronaVac(Group 2),24 with a single dose of BioNTech(Group 3),38 with 2 doses of CoronaVac(Group 4),40 with 2 doses of BioNTech(Group 5),and 39 with 3 doses of vaccine(2 doses of CoronaVac followed by a single dose of BioNTech,Group 6).CT-SS ranged from 5 to 23,with a mean of 12.17.RESULTS CT-SS mean of the groups were determined as 14.17,13.35,11.58,10.87,11.28,10.85,respectively.Accordingly,as a result of the comparisons between the groups,the CT-SS levels of the unvaccinated patients found to be significantly higher than the other groups.As the vaccination rates increased,the rate of typical COVID-19 findings on CT was found to be significantly lower.CONCLUSION Increased vaccination rates in COVID-19 patients reduce the probability of typical COVID-19 symptoms in the lungs.It also reduces the risk of severe disease and decreases CT Severity Scores.This may lead to a loss of importance of Thorax CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia as the end of the pandemic approaches.展开更多
Background:Patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis(HTG-AP)have a high incidence of severe disease and a poor prognosis.This study aimed to construct a joint prediction model using multiple clinic...Background:Patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis(HTG-AP)have a high incidence of severe disease and a poor prognosis.This study aimed to construct a joint prediction model using multiple clinical and imaging indicators to assess the severity of HTG-AP.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 165 patients with HTG-AP,categorized into non-mild(n=84)and mild(n=81)groups.Clinical parameters were compared,and logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors.A joint prediction model was constructed and validated for stability and performance using receiver operating characteristic analysis,the bootstrap sampling method,the Hosmer–Lemeshow test,and the Z-test.Results:Significant intergroup differences were observed in lipid metabolism markers(total cholesterol[TC],high-density lipoprotein cholesterol[HDL-C],and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol[LDL-C]),pancreatic injury indicators(amylase[AMY]and lipase[LPS]),imaging characteristics(modified computed tomography severity index[MCTSI]score and liver computed tomography[CT]value),and hospitalization duration(p<0.05).The MCTSI score,liver CT value,TC level,and LDL-C level were identified as independent risk factors for non-mild HTG-AP.The joint model demonstrated superior performance(area under the curve[AUC]=0.841)compared with individual predictors(p<0.05),with good calibration according to the Hosmer–Lemeshow test(p=0.914)and stable performance validated by bootstrap sampling(ΔAUC=0.001,p=0.1531).Conclusion:The joint prediction model outperformed individual indicators such as the TC level,LDL-C level,MCTSI score,and liver CT value in assessing non-mild HTG-AP,offering enhanced clinical utility.展开更多
Objective:Our aim was to prospectively compare the Accuracy of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II,Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis(BISAP),Ranson’s score and modified Computed Tomo...Objective:Our aim was to prospectively compare the Accuracy of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II,Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis(BISAP),Ranson’s score and modified Computed Tomography Severity Index(CTSI)in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis based on Atlanta 2012 definitions in a tertiary care hospital in northern India.Methods:Fifty patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to our hospital during the period of March 2015 to September 2016 were included in the study.APACHE II,BISAP and Ranson’s score were calculated for all the cases.Modified CTSI was also determined based on a pancreatic protocol contrast enhanced computerized tomography(CT).Optimal cut-offs for these scoring systems and the area under the curve(AUC)were evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve and these scoring systems were compared prospectively.Results:Of the 50 cases,14 were graded as severe acute pancreatitis.Pancreatic necrosis was present in 15 patients,while 14 developed persistent organ failure and 14 needed intensive care unit(ICU)admission.The AUC for modified CTSI was consistently the highest for predicting severe acute pancreatitis(0.919),pancreatic necrosis(0.993),organ failure(0.893)and ICU admission(0.993).APACHE II was the second most accurate in predicting severe acute pancreatitis(AUC 0.834)and organ failure(0.831).APACHE II had a high sensitivity for predicting pancreatic necrosis(93.33%),organ failure(92.86%)and ICU admission(92.31%),and also had a high negative predictive value for predicting pancreatic necrosis(96.15%),organ failure(96.15%)and ICU admission(95.83%).Conclusion:APACHE II is a useful prognostic scoring system for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and can be a crucial aid in determining the group of patients that have a high chance of need for tertiary care during the course of their illness and therefore need early resuscitation and prompt referral,especially in resource-limited developing countries.展开更多
Objective:Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the accuracy of the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)score in predicting mortality,as well as intermediate markers of severity,in a tertiary care c...Objective:Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the accuracy of the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)score in predicting mortality,as well as intermediate markers of severity,in a tertiary care centre in east central India,which caters mostly for an economically underprivileged population.Methods:A total of 119 consecutive cases with acute pancreatitis were admitted to our institution between November 2012 and October 2014.BISAP scores were calculated for all cases,within 24 hours of presentation.Ranson’s score and computed tomography severity index(CTSI)were also established.The respective abilities of the three scoring systems to predict mortality was evaluated using trend and discrimination analysis.The optimal cut-off score for mortality from the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the development of persistent organ failure and pancreatic necrosis(PNec).Results:Of the 119 cases,42(35.2%)developed organ failure and were classified as severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),47(39.5%)developed PNec,and 12(10.1%)died.The area under the curve(AUC)results for BISAP score in predicting SAP,PNec,and mortality were 0.962,0.934 and 0.846,respectively.Ranson’s score showed a slightly lower accuracy for predicting SAP(AUC 0.956)and mortality(AUC 0.841).CTSI was the most accurate in predicting PNec,with an AUC of 0.958.The sensitivity and specificity of BISAP score,with a cut-off of≥3 in predicting mortality,were 100%and 69.2%,respectively.Conclusions:The BISAP score represents a simple way of identifying,within 24 hours of presentation,patients at greater risk of dying and the development of intermediate markers of severity.This risk stratification method can be utilized to improve clinical care and facilitate enrolment in clinical trials.展开更多
Objective To study the early X-ray and CT findings of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Methods Chest radiography and CT were performed in 28 patients with SARS within one to three days after onse...Objective To study the early X-ray and CT findings of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Methods Chest radiography and CT were performed in 28 patients with SARS within one to three days after onset of the disease. CT examinations included conventional spiral CT and high-resolution CT (HRCT). The radiographic and CT findings of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Abnormal CT findings were noted in all the patients, but abnormal chest radiographic findings in 17 cases (60.7%, 17/28). CT showed single small focal patchy opacities in 23 patients (82.1%, 23/28), including oval ground-glass opacities in 20 patients, lobular distribution ground-glass opacities in 2 and small patchy consolidation in one. Multi-focal ground-glass opacities were found in 2 patients and extensive opacities in three. In the 28 patients, a total of 31 lesions were found in the upper (7, 22. 6%), middle (3,9.7%) ,and lower lobes (21, 67.7%). The diameter of the lesions ranged from 20 to 35 mm.Conclusion The dominant feature of early SARS patients is focal patchy opacity in the lung, and oval small ground-glass opacities are the common morphological findings on CT.展开更多
INTRODUCTION:The radiological phenotype represents the radiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pneumonia.Radiological outcomes initially interpreted as post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis have been d...INTRODUCTION:The radiological phenotype represents the radiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pneumonia.Radiological outcomes initially interpreted as post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis have been detected in short-term follow-up of recovered COVID-19 cases,but long-term radiological evaluation suggests that these abnormalities should be defined as post-COVID-19 sequelae.The present study aimed to evaluate the radiological phenotypes of post-COVID-19 residual radiological lung abnormalities(RLAs)in recovered COVID-19 cases.METHODS:This prospective,observational study included 3000 patients with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19,with documented lung involvement and radiological severity categorized as mild,moderate,or severe by high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)at admission.Final radiological outcomes were based on radiological assessments at 6 months and 1 year after hospital discharge.Final radiological phenotypes were defined as RLAs and categorized as resolving,persistent,or progressive,based on HRCT imaging at 1 year of follow-up.A total of 622 cases with RLAs were finally included.The final outcome phenotypes were evaluated in relation to age,sex,comorbidities,laboratory parameters,and interventions,including oxygen and ventilator-support requirements during hospitalization.The data were analyzed using Chi-square tests.RESULTS:RLAs were documented in 622 of the 3000 COVID-19 pneumonia cases(20.73%).The final radiological outcomes were defined as resolving in 77.17%(480/622),persistent in 15.43%(96/622),and progressive in 7.39%(46/622).Radiological outcome phenotypes and RLAs were significantly associated with the duration of illness at admission(P<0.00001),laboratory parameters(D-dimer,C-reactive protein,and interleukin-6)at admission(P<0.00001),radiological severity on computed tomography(P<0.00001),and inpatient interventions(P<0.00001).Radiological outcome phenotypes and RLAs were also significantly associated with age,sex,diabetes mellitus,ischemic heart disease,hypertension,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,obesity,and lung functions assessed by spirometry at 1-year follow-up(P<0.00001).CONCLUSIONS:Radiological outcome phenotypes have a crucial role in assigning final radiological outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and differentiating between post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis and post-COVID-19 lung sequelae.RLAs,categorized as resolving,persistent,and progressive,provide a novel radiological classification of post-COVID-19 lung sequelae.Final phenotypic classification may play an important role in further workups and treatment planning for RLAs;some patients with progressive phenotypes may have underlying rheumatological predispositions and many cases may have resolving phenotypes requiring no further treatment,whereas cases with persistent RLAs require further follow-up.展开更多
文摘AIM： Acute pancreatitis （AP） is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems. Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE Ⅱ） systems and Balthazar computed tomography severity index （CTSI）. The purpose of this review study was to assess the accuracy of CTSI, Ranson score, and APACHE II score in course and outcome prediction of AP. METHODS： We reviewed 121 patients who underwent helical CT within 48 h after onset of symptoms of a first episode of AP between 1999 and 2003. Fourteen inappropriate subjects were excluded; we reviewed the 107 contrastenhanced CT images to calculate the CTSI. We also reviewed their Ranson and APACHE Ⅱ score. In addition, complications, duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, and other pathology history also were our comparison parameters. RESULTS： We classified 85 patients （79%） as having mild AP （CTSI 〈5） and 22 patients （21%） as having severe AP （CTSI ≥5）. In mild group, the mean APACHE II score and Ranson score was 8.6±1.9 and 2.4±1.2, and those of severe group was 10.2±2.1 and 3.1±0.8, respectively. The most common complication was pseudocyst and abscess and it presented in 21 （20%） patients and their CTSI was 5.9±1.4. A CTSI ≥5 significantly correlated with death, complication present, and prolonged length of stay. Patients with a CTSI ≥5 were 15 times to die than those CTSI 〈5, and the prolonged length of stay and complications present were 17 times and 8 times than that in CTSI 〈5, respectively. CONCLUSION： CTSI is a useful tool in assessing the severity and outcome of AP and the CTSI ≥5 is an index in our study. Although Ranson score and APACHE II score also are choices to be the predictors for complications, mortality and the length of stay of AP, the sensitivity of them are lower than CTSI.
文摘BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is continuing.The disease most commonly affects the lungs.Since the beginning of the pandemic thorax computed tomography(CT)has been an indispensable imaging method for diagnosis and follow-up.The disease is tried to be controlled with vaccines.Vaccination reduces the possibility of a severe course of the disease.AIM The aim of this study is to investigate whether the vaccination status of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 has an effect on the CT severity score(CT-SS)and CORADS score obtained during hospitalization.METHODS The files of patients hospitalized between April 1,2021 and April 1,2022 due to COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed.A total of 224 patients who were older than 18 years of age,whose vaccination status was accessible,whose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction result was positive,and who had a Thorax CT scan during hospitalization were included in the study.RESULTS Among the patients included in the study,52.2%were female and the mean age was 61.85 years.The patients applied to the hospital on the average 7th day of their complaints.While 63 patients were unvaccinated(Group 1),20 were vaccinated with a single dose of CoronaVac(Group 2),24 with a single dose of BioNTech(Group 3),38 with 2 doses of CoronaVac(Group 4),40 with 2 doses of BioNTech(Group 5),and 39 with 3 doses of vaccine(2 doses of CoronaVac followed by a single dose of BioNTech,Group 6).CT-SS ranged from 5 to 23,with a mean of 12.17.RESULTS CT-SS mean of the groups were determined as 14.17,13.35,11.58,10.87,11.28,10.85,respectively.Accordingly,as a result of the comparisons between the groups,the CT-SS levels of the unvaccinated patients found to be significantly higher than the other groups.As the vaccination rates increased,the rate of typical COVID-19 findings on CT was found to be significantly lower.CONCLUSION Increased vaccination rates in COVID-19 patients reduce the probability of typical COVID-19 symptoms in the lungs.It also reduces the risk of severe disease and decreases CT Severity Scores.This may lead to a loss of importance of Thorax CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia as the end of the pandemic approaches.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program(QKH-ZC[2021]-451)approved by the Ethics Committee of Anshun People's Hospital(Approval No.:[2023]ASMPH-ER-13)conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki(2008 revision).
文摘Background:Patients with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis(HTG-AP)have a high incidence of severe disease and a poor prognosis.This study aimed to construct a joint prediction model using multiple clinical and imaging indicators to assess the severity of HTG-AP.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 165 patients with HTG-AP,categorized into non-mild(n=84)and mild(n=81)groups.Clinical parameters were compared,and logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors.A joint prediction model was constructed and validated for stability and performance using receiver operating characteristic analysis,the bootstrap sampling method,the Hosmer–Lemeshow test,and the Z-test.Results:Significant intergroup differences were observed in lipid metabolism markers(total cholesterol[TC],high-density lipoprotein cholesterol[HDL-C],and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol[LDL-C]),pancreatic injury indicators(amylase[AMY]and lipase[LPS]),imaging characteristics(modified computed tomography severity index[MCTSI]score and liver computed tomography[CT]value),and hospitalization duration(p<0.05).The MCTSI score,liver CT value,TC level,and LDL-C level were identified as independent risk factors for non-mild HTG-AP.The joint model demonstrated superior performance(area under the curve[AUC]=0.841)compared with individual predictors(p<0.05),with good calibration according to the Hosmer–Lemeshow test(p=0.914)and stable performance validated by bootstrap sampling(ΔAUC=0.001,p=0.1531).Conclusion:The joint prediction model outperformed individual indicators such as the TC level,LDL-C level,MCTSI score,and liver CT value in assessing non-mild HTG-AP,offering enhanced clinical utility.
文摘Objective:Our aim was to prospectively compare the Accuracy of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II,Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis(BISAP),Ranson’s score and modified Computed Tomography Severity Index(CTSI)in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis based on Atlanta 2012 definitions in a tertiary care hospital in northern India.Methods:Fifty patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to our hospital during the period of March 2015 to September 2016 were included in the study.APACHE II,BISAP and Ranson’s score were calculated for all the cases.Modified CTSI was also determined based on a pancreatic protocol contrast enhanced computerized tomography(CT).Optimal cut-offs for these scoring systems and the area under the curve(AUC)were evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve and these scoring systems were compared prospectively.Results:Of the 50 cases,14 were graded as severe acute pancreatitis.Pancreatic necrosis was present in 15 patients,while 14 developed persistent organ failure and 14 needed intensive care unit(ICU)admission.The AUC for modified CTSI was consistently the highest for predicting severe acute pancreatitis(0.919),pancreatic necrosis(0.993),organ failure(0.893)and ICU admission(0.993).APACHE II was the second most accurate in predicting severe acute pancreatitis(AUC 0.834)and organ failure(0.831).APACHE II had a high sensitivity for predicting pancreatic necrosis(93.33%),organ failure(92.86%)and ICU admission(92.31%),and also had a high negative predictive value for predicting pancreatic necrosis(96.15%),organ failure(96.15%)and ICU admission(95.83%).Conclusion:APACHE II is a useful prognostic scoring system for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and can be a crucial aid in determining the group of patients that have a high chance of need for tertiary care during the course of their illness and therefore need early resuscitation and prompt referral,especially in resource-limited developing countries.
文摘Objective:Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the accuracy of the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)score in predicting mortality,as well as intermediate markers of severity,in a tertiary care centre in east central India,which caters mostly for an economically underprivileged population.Methods:A total of 119 consecutive cases with acute pancreatitis were admitted to our institution between November 2012 and October 2014.BISAP scores were calculated for all cases,within 24 hours of presentation.Ranson’s score and computed tomography severity index(CTSI)were also established.The respective abilities of the three scoring systems to predict mortality was evaluated using trend and discrimination analysis.The optimal cut-off score for mortality from the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the development of persistent organ failure and pancreatic necrosis(PNec).Results:Of the 119 cases,42(35.2%)developed organ failure and were classified as severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),47(39.5%)developed PNec,and 12(10.1%)died.The area under the curve(AUC)results for BISAP score in predicting SAP,PNec,and mortality were 0.962,0.934 and 0.846,respectively.Ranson’s score showed a slightly lower accuracy for predicting SAP(AUC 0.956)and mortality(AUC 0.841).CTSI was the most accurate in predicting PNec,with an AUC of 0.958.The sensitivity and specificity of BISAP score,with a cut-off of≥3 in predicting mortality,were 100%and 69.2%,respectively.Conclusions:The BISAP score represents a simple way of identifying,within 24 hours of presentation,patients at greater risk of dying and the development of intermediate markers of severity.This risk stratification method can be utilized to improve clinical care and facilitate enrolment in clinical trials.
文摘Objective To study the early X-ray and CT findings of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).Methods Chest radiography and CT were performed in 28 patients with SARS within one to three days after onset of the disease. CT examinations included conventional spiral CT and high-resolution CT (HRCT). The radiographic and CT findings of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Abnormal CT findings were noted in all the patients, but abnormal chest radiographic findings in 17 cases (60.7%, 17/28). CT showed single small focal patchy opacities in 23 patients (82.1%, 23/28), including oval ground-glass opacities in 20 patients, lobular distribution ground-glass opacities in 2 and small patchy consolidation in one. Multi-focal ground-glass opacities were found in 2 patients and extensive opacities in three. In the 28 patients, a total of 31 lesions were found in the upper (7, 22. 6%), middle (3,9.7%) ,and lower lobes (21, 67.7%). The diameter of the lesions ranged from 20 to 35 mm.Conclusion The dominant feature of early SARS patients is focal patchy opacity in the lung, and oval small ground-glass opacities are the common morphological findings on CT.
文摘INTRODUCTION:The radiological phenotype represents the radiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pneumonia.Radiological outcomes initially interpreted as post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis have been detected in short-term follow-up of recovered COVID-19 cases,but long-term radiological evaluation suggests that these abnormalities should be defined as post-COVID-19 sequelae.The present study aimed to evaluate the radiological phenotypes of post-COVID-19 residual radiological lung abnormalities(RLAs)in recovered COVID-19 cases.METHODS:This prospective,observational study included 3000 patients with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19,with documented lung involvement and radiological severity categorized as mild,moderate,or severe by high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)at admission.Final radiological outcomes were based on radiological assessments at 6 months and 1 year after hospital discharge.Final radiological phenotypes were defined as RLAs and categorized as resolving,persistent,or progressive,based on HRCT imaging at 1 year of follow-up.A total of 622 cases with RLAs were finally included.The final outcome phenotypes were evaluated in relation to age,sex,comorbidities,laboratory parameters,and interventions,including oxygen and ventilator-support requirements during hospitalization.The data were analyzed using Chi-square tests.RESULTS:RLAs were documented in 622 of the 3000 COVID-19 pneumonia cases(20.73%).The final radiological outcomes were defined as resolving in 77.17%(480/622),persistent in 15.43%(96/622),and progressive in 7.39%(46/622).Radiological outcome phenotypes and RLAs were significantly associated with the duration of illness at admission(P<0.00001),laboratory parameters(D-dimer,C-reactive protein,and interleukin-6)at admission(P<0.00001),radiological severity on computed tomography(P<0.00001),and inpatient interventions(P<0.00001).Radiological outcome phenotypes and RLAs were also significantly associated with age,sex,diabetes mellitus,ischemic heart disease,hypertension,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,obesity,and lung functions assessed by spirometry at 1-year follow-up(P<0.00001).CONCLUSIONS:Radiological outcome phenotypes have a crucial role in assigning final radiological outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and differentiating between post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis and post-COVID-19 lung sequelae.RLAs,categorized as resolving,persistent,and progressive,provide a novel radiological classification of post-COVID-19 lung sequelae.Final phenotypic classification may play an important role in further workups and treatment planning for RLAs;some patients with progressive phenotypes may have underlying rheumatological predispositions and many cases may have resolving phenotypes requiring no further treatment,whereas cases with persistent RLAs require further follow-up.
