This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
In this study,the entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate the eight sweet-glutinous maize varieties in the regional trials in Shanxi Province in 2016. The results showed that the order of the perfor...In this study,the entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate the eight sweet-glutinous maize varieties in the regional trials in Shanxi Province in 2016. The results showed that the order of the performance of comprehensive traits of the tested varieties was Heitiannuo 631,Heitiannuo No. 2,Cainuo No. 5,Xinnuo 8601,FYN 1601,Xinnuo 8608,Jindannuo 41,Caitiannuo 1958( from good to poor). Among them,Heitiannuo 631,Heitiannuo No. 2 and Cainuo No. 5 are excellent varieties,and the rest are good varieties.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of ...[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton. [Method] A sand culture experiment under salt stress of 150 mmol/L of NaCI was designed. The in- dicator weight was determined with the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evalu- ation method, based on the salt injury index of indicators. The salt tolerance of cotton was evaluated comprehensively. [Result] At the germination stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of germination energy, vigor index, hypocotyl length and fresh weight were highest, followed by germination rate and germination index, and of root length were lowest. At the seedling stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of plasma membrane permeability, root vigor and leaf expansion rate were highest, followed by plant height and net photosynthetic rate, and of shoot dry weight and root dry weight were lowest. The salt tolerance of cotton differed a- mong growth stages and cultivars. Among the 11 cultivars, CCRI-44 and CCRI-75 were steadily salt-tolerant at both germination and seedling stages; CCRI-17, Sumi- an 22, Sumian 15 and Dexiamianl had a stable moderate salt tolerance; while Sumian 12 and Simian 3 were steadily salt-sensitive. [Conclusion] The evaluated result was objective and exact, which indicated that this method could be used in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton.展开更多
[Objective] This study was to provide references for the evaluation of water quality in aquaculture ponds by evaluating the pond water quality using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight. [Meth...[Objective] This study was to provide references for the evaluation of water quality in aquaculture ponds by evaluating the pond water quality using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight. [Method] The fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method based on entropy weight was used to evaluate the water quality in the ponds with Ukraine scale carp （Cyprinus carpio） as the main cultivated fish. The average size of the fish was 71.4 g/ind, and totally three groups of pond were set with the population density of 6 000, 9 000, 12 000 ind/hm2. [Result] According to the GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China, the water quality of 6 000 ind/hm2 group was Grade I, and the water quality of 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 were Grade V. [Conclusion] With the increasing of feeding density, the pond water quality would worsen, however, there is no difference on water quality between 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 groups.展开更多
Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three pr...Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three primary indicators of project construction,project management and project performance,and 18 secondary indicators.It proposed an evaluation model based on entropy weight and fuzzy evaluation method.It solved the problems of the objectivity of the indicator weight and the quantification of the indicators,and can well achieve the coordination and unity of fuzziness and accuracy.Using this model,it evaluated a rural drinking water project in a county and concluded that both accuracy and feasibility of the model are high.展开更多
This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzz...This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,it analyzed the connection between influencing factors,and established a comprehensive evaluation model for calculation of the livability index of a city. Finally,it obtained the relative livability of each city and the ranking of livability of each city.展开更多
Underground space resources are important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are a significant means by which to realize three-dimensional urban development.A reasonable and scientific evaluation of...Underground space resources are important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are a significant means by which to realize three-dimensional urban development.A reasonable and scientific evaluation of underground space resources is the foundation for the rational use of land resources and urban planning.On the basis of the geological conditions used by preceding researchers,this study adds the analysis of two influencing factors of social and economic value,alongside existing facilities and protection needs.The evaluation index is quantified and the comprehensive quality evaluation system of underground space resources is constructed.Finally,taking the Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example,the evaluation of underground space resources is carried out.The results show that for shallow underground space,the comprehensive quality of underground space resources development in Nanshan District is generally high.Nantou,Nanshan and Yuehai streets are recommended as areas to actively develop underground space,whereas the Qianhai and Houhai areas are recommended to be used with caution in the development and construction of their underground space.In addition,this study also provides a reference for the purposes of underground space planning in the Nanshan district of Shenzhen.展开更多
针对传统鱼糕货架期短、运输条件苛刻、食用方法单一等问题,本研究通过配方优化与真空冷冻干燥技术开发新型鱼糕产品,旨在延长其保质期、提升营养均衡性并拓展即食化、多场景应用潜力,同时为水产制品的工业化加工提供工艺参考。以鲢鱼...针对传统鱼糕货架期短、运输条件苛刻、食用方法单一等问题,本研究通过配方优化与真空冷冻干燥技术开发新型鱼糕产品,旨在延长其保质期、提升营养均衡性并拓展即食化、多场景应用潜力,同时为水产制品的工业化加工提供工艺参考。以鲢鱼为主要原料,基于层次分析-熵权法构建综合评分模型,选择猪肥肉、鸡肉、玉米淀粉和蛋清添加量进行单因素实验,并在单因素实验基础上通过遗传算法结合Box-Behnken响应面法对鱼糕冻干配方进行优化。通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)分析微观结构,测定蛋白质、脂肪、水分、灰分等理化指标,并基于Arrhenius方程预测货架期。确定了鱼糕冻干最优配方为:相对碎鱼肉用量,猪肥肉添加量10%(质量分数),鸡肉添加量20%,玉米淀粉添加量11%,蛋清添加量8%,综合评分达0.87±0.34。微观结构显示孔隙分布均匀,真空冷冻干燥处理前后关键理化指标无显著变化。基于Arrhenius方程的货架期模型预测25℃贮藏期为77 d,较鲜切鱼糕(4~7 d)延长11倍。本研究得到了色泽均匀、口感酥脆、货架期长以及营养均衡的鱼糕冻干制品,为鱼糕制品常温储运与即食化应用提供借鉴。展开更多
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金Biological Breeding Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(17yzgc057)
文摘In this study,the entropy weight method was used to comprehensively evaluate the eight sweet-glutinous maize varieties in the regional trials in Shanxi Province in 2016. The results showed that the order of the performance of comprehensive traits of the tested varieties was Heitiannuo 631,Heitiannuo No. 2,Cainuo No. 5,Xinnuo 8601,FYN 1601,Xinnuo 8608,Jindannuo 41,Caitiannuo 1958( from good to poor). Among them,Heitiannuo 631,Heitiannuo No. 2 and Cainuo No. 5 are excellent varieties,and the rest are good varieties.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(12)5035)Jiangsu Agricultural "Three New Engineering" Project(SXGC[2014]299)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton. [Method] A sand culture experiment under salt stress of 150 mmol/L of NaCI was designed. The in- dicator weight was determined with the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evalu- ation method, based on the salt injury index of indicators. The salt tolerance of cotton was evaluated comprehensively. [Result] At the germination stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of germination energy, vigor index, hypocotyl length and fresh weight were highest, followed by germination rate and germination index, and of root length were lowest. At the seedling stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of plasma membrane permeability, root vigor and leaf expansion rate were highest, followed by plant height and net photosynthetic rate, and of shoot dry weight and root dry weight were lowest. The salt tolerance of cotton differed a- mong growth stages and cultivars. Among the 11 cultivars, CCRI-44 and CCRI-75 were steadily salt-tolerant at both germination and seedling stages; CCRI-17, Sumi- an 22, Sumian 15 and Dexiamianl had a stable moderate salt tolerance; while Sumian 12 and Simian 3 were steadily salt-sensitive. [Conclusion] The evaluated result was objective and exact, which indicated that this method could be used in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton.
基金Supported by the Major Project of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology of Tianjin (the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin) (09JCZDJC19200),China~~
文摘[Objective] This study was to provide references for the evaluation of water quality in aquaculture ponds by evaluating the pond water quality using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight. [Method] The fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method based on entropy weight was used to evaluate the water quality in the ponds with Ukraine scale carp （Cyprinus carpio） as the main cultivated fish. The average size of the fish was 71.4 g/ind, and totally three groups of pond were set with the population density of 6 000, 9 000, 12 000 ind/hm2. [Result] According to the GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China, the water quality of 6 000 ind/hm2 group was Grade I, and the water quality of 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 were Grade V. [Conclusion] With the increasing of feeding density, the pond water quality would worsen, however, there is no difference on water quality between 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 groups.
基金Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Water Resources(RC1973).
文摘Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three primary indicators of project construction,project management and project performance,and 18 secondary indicators.It proposed an evaluation model based on entropy weight and fuzzy evaluation method.It solved the problems of the objectivity of the indicator weight and the quantification of the indicators,and can well achieve the coordination and unity of fuzziness and accuracy.Using this model,it evaluated a rural drinking water project in a county and concluded that both accuracy and feasibility of the model are high.
文摘This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,it analyzed the connection between influencing factors,and established a comprehensive evaluation model for calculation of the livability index of a city. Finally,it obtained the relative livability of each city and the ranking of livability of each city.
基金The project of the Chinese Geological Survey'Survey of geothermal resources in the northern branch of Luoxiao Mountains'(Grant No.DD20221677-2)the special funds for basic scientific research business'Research on dome structure and circulation mechanism of annular hot spring chain'(Grant No.JKY202004)funded this research project。
文摘Underground space resources are important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are a significant means by which to realize three-dimensional urban development.A reasonable and scientific evaluation of underground space resources is the foundation for the rational use of land resources and urban planning.On the basis of the geological conditions used by preceding researchers,this study adds the analysis of two influencing factors of social and economic value,alongside existing facilities and protection needs.The evaluation index is quantified and the comprehensive quality evaluation system of underground space resources is constructed.Finally,taking the Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example,the evaluation of underground space resources is carried out.The results show that for shallow underground space,the comprehensive quality of underground space resources development in Nanshan District is generally high.Nantou,Nanshan and Yuehai streets are recommended as areas to actively develop underground space,whereas the Qianhai and Houhai areas are recommended to be used with caution in the development and construction of their underground space.In addition,this study also provides a reference for the purposes of underground space planning in the Nanshan district of Shenzhen.
文摘针对传统鱼糕货架期短、运输条件苛刻、食用方法单一等问题,本研究通过配方优化与真空冷冻干燥技术开发新型鱼糕产品,旨在延长其保质期、提升营养均衡性并拓展即食化、多场景应用潜力,同时为水产制品的工业化加工提供工艺参考。以鲢鱼为主要原料,基于层次分析-熵权法构建综合评分模型,选择猪肥肉、鸡肉、玉米淀粉和蛋清添加量进行单因素实验,并在单因素实验基础上通过遗传算法结合Box-Behnken响应面法对鱼糕冻干配方进行优化。通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)分析微观结构,测定蛋白质、脂肪、水分、灰分等理化指标,并基于Arrhenius方程预测货架期。确定了鱼糕冻干最优配方为:相对碎鱼肉用量,猪肥肉添加量10%(质量分数),鸡肉添加量20%,玉米淀粉添加量11%,蛋清添加量8%,综合评分达0.87±0.34。微观结构显示孔隙分布均匀,真空冷冻干燥处理前后关键理化指标无显著变化。基于Arrhenius方程的货架期模型预测25℃贮藏期为77 d,较鲜切鱼糕(4~7 d)延长11倍。本研究得到了色泽均匀、口感酥脆、货架期长以及营养均衡的鱼糕冻干制品,为鱼糕制品常温储运与即食化应用提供借鉴。
