The exponential growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)in soil-crop systems in recent years has posed a great challenge to ecological security and human health.While many studies h...The exponential growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)in soil-crop systems in recent years has posed a great challenge to ecological security and human health.While many studies have documented the residues of ARGs in soils and crops,but little is known about who drives the proliferation of ARGs in farming systems and what their underlying mechanisms are.Herein,we explored the occurrence and proliferating behavior of ARGs in soil-crop environments in terms of root secretions and plant volatiles.This review highlighted that plant root secretions and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)served as key substances mediating the development of antibiotic resistance in the soil-crop system.Still,there is controversy here as to plant root secretions promote the ARGs proliferation or inhibit.Some studies indicated that root secretions can suppress the colonization of ARGs,mainly attributed by the production of bluntedmetabolic enzymes and blocking of cellular exocytosis systems.Whereas the others have evidenced that root secretions can promote ARGs proliferation,primarily by altering the structure of microbial communities to influence species interactions and thus indirectly affect the proliferation of ARGs.Also,VOCs can act as molecular signals to convey antibiotic resistance information to their neighbors,which in turn drive the up-regulation of ARGs expression.Even so,the mechanism by which VOC-driven antibiotic resistance acquisition and proliferation need to be further probed.Overall,this review contributed to the development of products and technologies to impede the ARGs proliferation in agricultural environment.展开更多
Currently,in almost all work on transition metal-mediated transformation of dinitrogen(N_(2))into organic compounds,the C-N bond formation steps are fulfilled through the interaction between metal-dinitrogen[M-N_(2)]c...Currently,in almost all work on transition metal-mediated transformation of dinitrogen(N_(2))into organic compounds,the C-N bond formation steps are fulfilled through the interaction between metal-dinitrogen[M-N_(2)]complexes and carbon based substrates.The preparation steps of[M-N_(2)]complexes are incompatible with the reaction conditions of the N−C bond formation,which has prevented catalysis.Herein,we report a chemical cycle that does not involve the preparation steps of[M-N_(2)]complexes.In the presence of Ni(CO)_(4) and SbF_(5) catalysts,this chemical cycle can convert mixed phosphonium-sulfonium bisylide R_(3)P=C=SPh_(2) and N_(2) into diazomethylenephosphoranes R_(3)P=C=N_(2).The C-N bond formation steps in this work are achieved through the direct reaction of N_(2) molecules with carbene 3,which is a metal-carbon based[M-C]complex.The computed free energy barrier for the reaction between carbene 3 and N_(2) is 24.06 kcal/mol,indicating that this reaction can occur at room temperature.Theoretical calculations show that the above chemical cycle is feasible in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics and is a true catalytic system for directly introducing N_(2) into organic compounds under mild conditions.Additionally,compared to traditional carbenes CR_(2) with two electron-sharing bonds between carbon and substituent R,the predicted carbene 3'(R_(2)P^(Me)→C:→Ni(CO)_(3))and carbene 3(R_(2)P^(Me)→C:→Ni(CO)_(2))in this work have unique electronic structures,which feature two P→C and C→Ni donor-acceptor bonds.The weak C→Ni bonds of carbene 3'and carbene 3 are critical for the regeneration of transition metal catalysts Ni(CO)_(4).This also means that the predicted carbene 3'and carbene 3 will have richer chemical properties to be discovered than traditional carbene CR_(2).This work also preliminarily predicted that carbene 3'has the potential to activate CO,indicating that this work may open the door to activating other important small molecules.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To systematically assess the safety and effectiveness of Compound E’jiao Jiang(复方阿胶浆,CEJ)for treating leukopenia.METHODS:Four English and four Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled ...OBJECTIVE:To systematically assess the safety and effectiveness of Compound E’jiao Jiang(复方阿胶浆,CEJ)for treating leukopenia.METHODS:Four English and four Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on CEJ for treating leukopenia up to July 1,2024.Two researchers independently screened the studies and extracted necessary data.Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.Articles eligible for Meta-analysis were analyzed using RevMan.RESULTS:A total of 28 RCTs involving 2041 participants were included,with 1034 in the experimental group and 1007 in the control group.The Meta-analysis showed a significant effect of CEJ in treating leukopenia caused by tumor and immune diseases(three RCTs)[risk ratio(RR)=1.17,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.08,1.27),P=0.0002,I^(2)=35%].The combination of CEJ and Western Medicine showed superior results in terms of white blood cell(WBC)counts(fifteen RCTs)[mean difference(MD)=1.12,95%CI(0.83,1.42),P<0.00001,I^(2)=88%],Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)levels(seven RCTs)[RR=1.39,95%CI(1.25,1.55),P<0.00001,I^(2)=36%],and mitigation of bone marrow toxicity(eleven RCTs)[RR=0.61,95%CI(0.54,0.69),P<0.00001,I^(2)=24%]compared to Western Medicine alone.Adverse events mainly included gastrointestinal and digestive reactions associated with chemotherapy drugs.CONCLUSION:CEJ alone or in combination with Western Medicine for treating leukopenia caused by tumor and immune diseases improved WBC counts,clinical efficacy,and quality of life.It also reduced bone marrow toxicity-induced leukopenia,enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy while reducing its toxicity,and alleviated symptoms.No significant adverse events were reported in the RCTs,indicating favorable efficacy and safety.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation assessment indicated a low level of evidence for CEJ in improving leukocyte elevation efficacy,KPS levels,and myelosuppressive toxicity.Therefore,large-scale,high-quality,rigorous multicenter double-blind controlled trials are recommended to strengthen the evidence level.展开更多
Given that a large amount of crude oil remains on the surface of rocks and is difficult to produce after conventional waterflooding,a new superwetting oil displacement system incorporating the synergy between a hydrox...Given that a large amount of crude oil remains on the surface of rocks and is difficult to produce after conventional waterflooding,a new superwetting oil displacement system incorporating the synergy between a hydroxyl anion compound(1OH-1C)and an extended surfactant(S-C_(13)PO_(13)S)was designed.The interfacial tension,contact angle and emulsification performance of the system were measured.The oil displacement effects and improved oil recovery(IOR)mechanisms of 1OH-1C,S-C_(13)PO_(13)S and their compound system were investigated by microscopic visualization oil displacement experiments and core displacement experiments.The results show that 1OH-1C creates a superwetting interface and electrostatic separation pressure on the solid surface,which destroys the strong interactions between crude oil and quartz to peel off the oil film.S-C_(13)PO_(13)S has low interfacial tension,which can promote the flow of remaining oil and emulsify it into oil-in-water emulsions.The compound system of 1OH-1C and S-C_(13)PO_(13)S has both superwettability and low IFT,which can effectively improve oil recovery through a synergistic effect.The oil displacement experiment of low-permeability natural core shows that the compound solution can increase the oil recovery by 16.4 percentage points after waterflooding.This new high-efficiency system is promising for greatly improving oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs.展开更多
Achieving room-temperature superconductivity has been an enduring scientific quest,while hydrogen-rich compounds have emerged as highly promising candidates.Here,we systematically investigated the thermodynamic stabil...Achieving room-temperature superconductivity has been an enduring scientific quest,while hydrogen-rich compounds have emerged as highly promising candidates.Here,we systematically investigated the thermodynamic stability,crystal structure,electronic properties,and superconductivity within the ternary Y-Hf-H system under high pressure.Several distinct hydrides have been revealed,in which the hydrogen atoms are present in various hydrogenic motifs.A15-type hydride P_(m)3-YHfH_(6)with isolated H−is predicted to be dynamically stabilized down to 10GPa.The H atoms form pentagonal graphene-like layered-H10 anions in the Hf plane of P6-YHfH_(19),with aT_(c)of 95K at 100GPa.There are H cages in C_(mmm)-Y_(3)HfH_(24),and attributed to the robust electron–phonon coupling and high electronic density of states of hydrogen at the Fermi level,it demonstrates near-room temperature superconductivity with a T_(c)of 275K at 250GPa.Our work makes contributions to the understanding of the fundamental properties of ternary hydrides under high pressure and provides essential references for further research in this field.展开更多
The phase equilibria and compositions in Mg-rich comer at 300℃ were determined in the Mg-Zn-A1 ternary system through the equilibrated alloy method by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy ...The phase equilibria and compositions in Mg-rich comer at 300℃ were determined in the Mg-Zn-A1 ternary system through the equilibrated alloy method by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） assisted with energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray （EDS）. The results show that there exist three three-phase regions consisted of a-Mg＋Mg17A112（7）＋A15Mg11Zn4（φ）, a-Mg＋Mga2（Al, Zn）49（r）＋A15MgllZn4（φ） and a-Mg＋MgZn＋Mg32（A1, Zn）49（r）, respectively. The intermetallic compounds in equilibrium with a-Mg phase all have large composition ranges, not appear to be linear. At the same time, both zinc and aluminum are soluble in the a-Mg solid solution, with which the compounds are in equilibrium.展开更多
The phase equilibria in Co-rich region of Co-Ti-Ta system were studied.The microstructure and XRD analysis together with EDS determination show that L12 type Co3Ti phase and Laves_C36_Co3Ta phase get equilibrium with ...The phase equilibria in Co-rich region of Co-Ti-Ta system were studied.The microstructure and XRD analysis together with EDS determination show that L12 type Co3Ti phase and Laves_C36_Co3Ta phase get equilibrium with α-Co phase from 1 000 to 1 200 ℃.The Co3Ti phase possesses a solubility of Ta higher than 10%,and the addition of Ta stabilizes the Co3Ti phase.The isothermal sections of the Co-Ti-Ta system in the Co-rich region at 1 000,1 100 and 1 200 ℃ were constructed according to the result.展开更多
Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing exp...Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing experimental phenomena of alloy phase transitions during extremely slow variation in temperature by equilibrium thinking mode and then taking erroneous knowledge of experimental phenomena as selected information for establishing Gibbs energy function and so-called equilibrium phase diagram. Second, the equilibrium holographic network phase diagrams of AuCu3-type sublattice system may be used to describe systematic correlativity of the composition?temperature-dependent alloy gene arranging structures and complete thermodynamic properties, and to be a standard for studying experimental subequilibrium order-disorder transition. Third, the equilibrium transition of each alloy is a homogeneous single-phase rather than a heterogeneous two-phase, and there exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region of the ordered and disordered phases; the composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from the ones of the critical point of the AuCu3 compound.展开更多
Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that...Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that the Gibbs energy function of an alloy phase should be derived from Gibbs energy partition function constructed of alloy gene sequence and their Gibbs energy sequence. Second, the six rules for establishing alloy gene Gibbs energy partition function have been discovered, and it has been specially proved that the probabilities of structure units occupied at the Gibbs energy levels in the degeneracy factor for calculating configuration entropy should be degenerated as ones of component atoms occupied at the lattice points. Third, the main characteristics unexpected by today’s researchers are as follows. There exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region coexisting by the ordered and disordered phases. The composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from those of the critical point of the Au3Cu compound; At 0 K, the composition of the lowest point on the composition-dependent Gibbs energy curve is notably deviated from that of the Au3Cu compounds. The theoretical limit composition range of long range ordered Au3Cu-type alloys is determined by the first jumping order degree.展开更多
The phase equilibria and compositions at the Mg-rich corner of the Mg?Zn?Al ternary system at 335 °C were systemically investigated through the equilibrated alloy method by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scann...The phase equilibria and compositions at the Mg-rich corner of the Mg?Zn?Al ternary system at 335 °C were systemically investigated through the equilibrated alloy method by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assisted with energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray (EDS). It is experimentally testified that theα-Mg solid solution is not in equilibrium with the Mg32(Al, Zn)49 (τ) ternary intermetallic compound orq quasicrystalline phase, but only in equilibrium with one ternary intermetallic compound Al5Mg11Zn4 (φ). The whole composition range of theφ phase was also obtained at 335 °C, i.e., 52.5%?56.4% Mg, 13.6%?24.0% Al, 19.6%?33.9% Zn (mole fraction). The solubility of Al in the MgZn phase is remarkably more than that in the Mg7Zn3 phase, and the maximum is about 8.6% Al. Aluminum and zinc are simultaneously soluble in theα-Mg solid solution.展开更多
This paper analyzes the compound attractor structure of a new three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system. First, it is found that there exist five equilibria in the chaotic system, and the stabilities of these equili...This paper analyzes the compound attractor structure of a new three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system. First, it is found that there exist five equilibria in the chaotic system, and the stabilities of these equilibria are discussed under a constant scalar control input parameter m. Secondly, the trajectories of the attractors on a y-z plane are examined, the reasons why these trajectories can exist or disappear are also described. Finally, the forming procedure of the different scrolls chaotic attractor is explored by computer simulations when the parameter m is varied. It is shown that the new chaotic attractor has a compound structure, it can evolve to other three-dimensional autonomous chaotic systems. The results of theoretical analysis and simulation are helpful for better understanding of other similar chaotic systems.展开更多
[Objective]Preservation and waterproof treatment are two crucial parts in wood protection, which can not only extend the service time, but also expand the application range of wood products. [Method] This work combine...[Objective]Preservation and waterproof treatment are two crucial parts in wood protection, which can not only extend the service time, but also expand the application range of wood products. [Method] This work combined CA with paraffin wax emulsion to treat wood samples, and basic properties of the compound system, such as stability （storage stability and centrifugal stability）, particle size and pH val-ue, and water repel ency （water absorption, shrinkage and swel ing） of treated sam-ples were investigated. [Result and Conclusion] 1） the compound systems of CA and paraffin latex had a favorable miscibility and stability; 2） compared with untreated wood, CA-treated samples showed poor water repel ing properties, whereas samples treated with the compound systems indicated an obvious reduction in water absorp-tion, and the shrinkage and swel ing of them were improved as wel .展开更多
Multivariables, strong coupling, nonlinearity, and large delays characterize the boiler-turbine coordinated control systems for ship power equipment. To better deal with these conditions, a compound control strategy b...Multivariables, strong coupling, nonlinearity, and large delays characterize the boiler-turbine coordinated control systems for ship power equipment. To better deal with these conditions, a compound control strategy based on a support vector machine （SVM） with inverse identification was proposed and applied to research simulating coordinated control systems. This method combines SVM inverse control and fuzzy control, taking advantage of the merits of SVM inverse controls which can be designed easily and have high reliability, and those of fuzzy controls, which respond rapidly and have good anti-jamming capability and robustness. It ensures the controller can be controlled with near instantaneous adjustments to maintain a steady state, even if the SVM is not trained well. The simulation results show that the control quality of this fuzzy-SVM compound control algorithm is high, with good performance in dynamic response speed, static stability, restraint of overshoot, and robustness.展开更多
The finding of the compound structure of a new four-scrolls chaotic system is reported, which is obtained by merging together two symmetrical attractors. And the two symmetrical attractors are generated only by adding...The finding of the compound structure of a new four-scrolls chaotic system is reported, which is obtained by merging together two symmetrical attractors. And the two symmetrical attractors are generated only by adding a constant gain to the original system. Also, the forming procedure of the new four-scrolls chaotic attractor is explored and the relation between the constant gain and the properties of the system is given.展开更多
The phase equilibria and compositions in Mg-rich side at 300 ℃ were investigated in Mg-Zn-Ca ternary system through the equilibrated alloy method by using scanning electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis,X-r...The phase equilibria and compositions in Mg-rich side at 300 ℃ were investigated in Mg-Zn-Ca ternary system through the equilibrated alloy method by using scanning electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis,X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that two ternary compounds T1 and T2 can be in equilibrium with the Mg-based solid solution in Mg-Zn-Ca system.T1 phase is a linear compound with the composition region（molar fraction） of 15% Ca,20.5%-48.9% Zn and balanced Mg at 300 ℃.Its hexagonal structure parameters decrease with increasing Zn content,i.e.a=0.992-0.945 nm,c=1.034-1.003 nm.T2 phase has hexagonal structure with the composition region of 26.4%-28.4% Mg,63.2%-65.5% Zn and 7.1%-8.4% Ca.At 300 ℃,the solubility of Zn in the Mg-based solid solution increases for the addition of Ca,the maximum solubility of Zn is 3.7%.Three-phase fields consisting of--Mg＋Mg2Ca＋T1,--Mg＋T1＋T2,--Mg＋T2＋MgZn and MgZn＋T2＋Mg2Zn3 exist in the Mg-Zn-Ca system at 300 ℃.展开更多
By analyzing the target's motion pattern, in terms of the requirement for the performance indexes of the follow up system, the structure changing control and time optimal theory is proposed. The system's co...By analyzing the target's motion pattern, in terms of the requirement for the performance indexes of the follow up system, the structure changing control and time optimal theory is proposed. The system's control scheme from three different aspects(the dynamic response simulation, compound control simulation and dynamic tracking simulation) is also studied. And all the results proved the feasibility of the synthetical utilization of the open loop control, speed decreased control and position closed loop control.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
MPHPB was prepared from melamine,phenylphosphonic acid and boric acid,and its flame retardant effect in PE was investigated.Compared to the intermediate product(melamine phenyl hypophosphite(MPHP)),the residual char i...MPHPB was prepared from melamine,phenylphosphonic acid and boric acid,and its flame retardant effect in PE was investigated.Compared to the intermediate product(melamine phenyl hypophosphite(MPHP)),the residual char increased from 17.9% of MPHP to 41.2% of MPHPB at 800℃.The limiting oxygen index(LOI)of PE/20%MPHPB is 23.6%,which reaches V-0 rating.After the addition of 20%MPHPB,the total heat release(THR),peak heat release rate(pK-HRR),and average effective thermal combustion rates(av-EHC)of PE decreased.Additionally,characterizations including the pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(Py-GC-MS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),raman spectroscopy test(LRS)and fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)were taken to investigate the flame retardant mechanism,and the results show that MPHPB plays roles in both gas and condensed phases.展开更多
Aiming at characteristic of time delay, time-varying parameters and much disturb in glass greenhouse heating system, fuzzy smith cascade compound control policy based on typical PID cascade compound control policy is ...Aiming at characteristic of time delay, time-varying parameters and much disturb in glass greenhouse heating system, fuzzy smith cascade compound control policy based on typical PID cascade compound control policy is proposed. Simulation results show that it is effective to overcome the influence of time delay on stability of control system and the system possesses strong robust and good dynamic performance..展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to develop the compound system of paraffin emulsion and CA based on natural surfactants to improve the properties of anti- mould and anti-blue stain. [Method] The paraffin wax emulsion with dif...[Objective] The aim was to develop the compound system of paraffin emulsion and CA based on natural surfactants to improve the properties of anti- mould and anti-blue stain. [Method] The paraffin wax emulsion with different con- centrations of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% was added into CA （0.3% and 0.5%） to obtain six groups of compound systems. The full-cell process was applied to treat the sapwood of Pinus spp. at size of 50 mm （L）×20 mm （R）×5 mm （T）. Anti-mould and anti-blue stain tests were conducted using Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat., Spergi/lus niger V. Tiegh and Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr. according to the GB/T18261-200. [Result] Both paraffin wax emulsion and CA-B could prevent wood against mould and blue stain. However, within a certain range, anti-mould and anti-blue stain ef- fects of wood samples treated by the compound systems reduced slightly as the concentration of paraffin wax emulsion increased. [Conclusion] The research provides references for advancing use of wood biomass resources in a more efficient and more environment-friendly way.展开更多
基金supported by the Youth innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.Y2023QC32)the foundation of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.22JCQNJC01460)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs)and the Youth Talent Project of Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs(Xu Yan).
文摘The exponential growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes(ARGs)in soil-crop systems in recent years has posed a great challenge to ecological security and human health.While many studies have documented the residues of ARGs in soils and crops,but little is known about who drives the proliferation of ARGs in farming systems and what their underlying mechanisms are.Herein,we explored the occurrence and proliferating behavior of ARGs in soil-crop environments in terms of root secretions and plant volatiles.This review highlighted that plant root secretions and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)served as key substances mediating the development of antibiotic resistance in the soil-crop system.Still,there is controversy here as to plant root secretions promote the ARGs proliferation or inhibit.Some studies indicated that root secretions can suppress the colonization of ARGs,mainly attributed by the production of bluntedmetabolic enzymes and blocking of cellular exocytosis systems.Whereas the others have evidenced that root secretions can promote ARGs proliferation,primarily by altering the structure of microbial communities to influence species interactions and thus indirectly affect the proliferation of ARGs.Also,VOCs can act as molecular signals to convey antibiotic resistance information to their neighbors,which in turn drive the up-regulation of ARGs expression.Even so,the mechanism by which VOC-driven antibiotic resistance acquisition and proliferation need to be further probed.Overall,this review contributed to the development of products and technologies to impede the ARGs proliferation in agricultural environment.
文摘Currently,in almost all work on transition metal-mediated transformation of dinitrogen(N_(2))into organic compounds,the C-N bond formation steps are fulfilled through the interaction between metal-dinitrogen[M-N_(2)]complexes and carbon based substrates.The preparation steps of[M-N_(2)]complexes are incompatible with the reaction conditions of the N−C bond formation,which has prevented catalysis.Herein,we report a chemical cycle that does not involve the preparation steps of[M-N_(2)]complexes.In the presence of Ni(CO)_(4) and SbF_(5) catalysts,this chemical cycle can convert mixed phosphonium-sulfonium bisylide R_(3)P=C=SPh_(2) and N_(2) into diazomethylenephosphoranes R_(3)P=C=N_(2).The C-N bond formation steps in this work are achieved through the direct reaction of N_(2) molecules with carbene 3,which is a metal-carbon based[M-C]complex.The computed free energy barrier for the reaction between carbene 3 and N_(2) is 24.06 kcal/mol,indicating that this reaction can occur at room temperature.Theoretical calculations show that the above chemical cycle is feasible in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics and is a true catalytic system for directly introducing N_(2) into organic compounds under mild conditions.Additionally,compared to traditional carbenes CR_(2) with two electron-sharing bonds between carbon and substituent R,the predicted carbene 3'(R_(2)P^(Me)→C:→Ni(CO)_(3))and carbene 3(R_(2)P^(Me)→C:→Ni(CO)_(2))in this work have unique electronic structures,which feature two P→C and C→Ni donor-acceptor bonds.The weak C→Ni bonds of carbene 3'and carbene 3 are critical for the regeneration of transition metal catalysts Ni(CO)_(4).This also means that the predicted carbene 3'and carbene 3 will have richer chemical properties to be discovered than traditional carbene CR_(2).This work also preliminarily predicted that carbene 3'has the potential to activate CO,indicating that this work may open the door to activating other important small molecules.
基金Supported by The Qihuang Scholars Support Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicinet:2021 Qihuang Scholars Support Project(National Chinese Medicine Teaching Letter[2022]6)National Traditional Medicine Administration's Project for Establishing National Famous and Elderly Traditional Medicine Transmission Workshops:Xie Yanming National Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Transmission Studio(National Chinese Medicine Education Letter[2022]75)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To systematically assess the safety and effectiveness of Compound E’jiao Jiang(复方阿胶浆,CEJ)for treating leukopenia.METHODS:Four English and four Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on CEJ for treating leukopenia up to July 1,2024.Two researchers independently screened the studies and extracted necessary data.Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.Articles eligible for Meta-analysis were analyzed using RevMan.RESULTS:A total of 28 RCTs involving 2041 participants were included,with 1034 in the experimental group and 1007 in the control group.The Meta-analysis showed a significant effect of CEJ in treating leukopenia caused by tumor and immune diseases(three RCTs)[risk ratio(RR)=1.17,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.08,1.27),P=0.0002,I^(2)=35%].The combination of CEJ and Western Medicine showed superior results in terms of white blood cell(WBC)counts(fifteen RCTs)[mean difference(MD)=1.12,95%CI(0.83,1.42),P<0.00001,I^(2)=88%],Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)levels(seven RCTs)[RR=1.39,95%CI(1.25,1.55),P<0.00001,I^(2)=36%],and mitigation of bone marrow toxicity(eleven RCTs)[RR=0.61,95%CI(0.54,0.69),P<0.00001,I^(2)=24%]compared to Western Medicine alone.Adverse events mainly included gastrointestinal and digestive reactions associated with chemotherapy drugs.CONCLUSION:CEJ alone or in combination with Western Medicine for treating leukopenia caused by tumor and immune diseases improved WBC counts,clinical efficacy,and quality of life.It also reduced bone marrow toxicity-induced leukopenia,enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy while reducing its toxicity,and alleviated symptoms.No significant adverse events were reported in the RCTs,indicating favorable efficacy and safety.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation assessment indicated a low level of evidence for CEJ in improving leukocyte elevation efficacy,KPS levels,and myelosuppressive toxicity.Therefore,large-scale,high-quality,rigorous multicenter double-blind controlled trials are recommended to strengthen the evidence level.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0708700,2023YFF0614100)CNPC Major Science and Technology Project(2021ZZ01,2023ZZ04).
文摘Given that a large amount of crude oil remains on the surface of rocks and is difficult to produce after conventional waterflooding,a new superwetting oil displacement system incorporating the synergy between a hydroxyl anion compound(1OH-1C)and an extended surfactant(S-C_(13)PO_(13)S)was designed.The interfacial tension,contact angle and emulsification performance of the system were measured.The oil displacement effects and improved oil recovery(IOR)mechanisms of 1OH-1C,S-C_(13)PO_(13)S and their compound system were investigated by microscopic visualization oil displacement experiments and core displacement experiments.The results show that 1OH-1C creates a superwetting interface and electrostatic separation pressure on the solid surface,which destroys the strong interactions between crude oil and quartz to peel off the oil film.S-C_(13)PO_(13)S has low interfacial tension,which can promote the flow of remaining oil and emulsify it into oil-in-water emulsions.The compound system of 1OH-1C and S-C_(13)PO_(13)S has both superwettability and low IFT,which can effectively improve oil recovery through a synergistic effect.The oil displacement experiment of low-permeability natural core shows that the compound solution can increase the oil recovery by 16.4 percentage points after waterflooding.This new high-efficiency system is promising for greatly improving oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072188,12122405,and 12274169)Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021R01004)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LQ24A040001)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City,China(Grant No.2024J200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(Grant No.SJLY2023003)。
文摘Achieving room-temperature superconductivity has been an enduring scientific quest,while hydrogen-rich compounds have emerged as highly promising candidates.Here,we systematically investigated the thermodynamic stability,crystal structure,electronic properties,and superconductivity within the ternary Y-Hf-H system under high pressure.Several distinct hydrides have been revealed,in which the hydrogen atoms are present in various hydrogenic motifs.A15-type hydride P_(m)3-YHfH_(6)with isolated H−is predicted to be dynamically stabilized down to 10GPa.The H atoms form pentagonal graphene-like layered-H10 anions in the Hf plane of P6-YHfH_(19),with aT_(c)of 95K at 100GPa.There are H cages in C_(mmm)-Y_(3)HfH_(24),and attributed to the robust electron–phonon coupling and high electronic density of states of hydrogen at the Fermi level,it demonstrates near-room temperature superconductivity with a T_(c)of 275K at 250GPa.Our work makes contributions to the understanding of the fundamental properties of ternary hydrides under high pressure and provides essential references for further research in this field.
基金Projects (50901017,50731002) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (20090042120008) supported by Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of ChinaProjects (N100702001,N090502002) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities,China
文摘The phase equilibria and compositions in Mg-rich comer at 300℃ were determined in the Mg-Zn-A1 ternary system through the equilibrated alloy method by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） assisted with energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray （EDS）. The results show that there exist three three-phase regions consisted of a-Mg＋Mg17A112（7）＋A15Mg11Zn4（φ）, a-Mg＋Mga2（Al, Zn）49（r）＋A15MgllZn4（φ） and a-Mg＋MgZn＋Mg32（A1, Zn）49（r）, respectively. The intermetallic compounds in equilibrium with a-Mg phase all have large composition ranges, not appear to be linear. At the same time, both zinc and aluminum are soluble in the a-Mg solid solution, with which the compounds are in equilibrium.
基金Project (50771027) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The phase equilibria in Co-rich region of Co-Ti-Ta system were studied.The microstructure and XRD analysis together with EDS determination show that L12 type Co3Ti phase and Laves_C36_Co3Ta phase get equilibrium with α-Co phase from 1 000 to 1 200 ℃.The Co3Ti phase possesses a solubility of Ta higher than 10%,and the addition of Ta stabilizes the Co3Ti phase.The isothermal sections of the Co-Ti-Ta system in the Co-rich region at 1 000,1 100 and 1 200 ℃ were constructed according to the result.
基金Project(51071181)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013FJ4043)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing experimental phenomena of alloy phase transitions during extremely slow variation in temperature by equilibrium thinking mode and then taking erroneous knowledge of experimental phenomena as selected information for establishing Gibbs energy function and so-called equilibrium phase diagram. Second, the equilibrium holographic network phase diagrams of AuCu3-type sublattice system may be used to describe systematic correlativity of the composition?temperature-dependent alloy gene arranging structures and complete thermodynamic properties, and to be a standard for studying experimental subequilibrium order-disorder transition. Third, the equilibrium transition of each alloy is a homogeneous single-phase rather than a heterogeneous two-phase, and there exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region of the ordered and disordered phases; the composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from the ones of the critical point of the AuCu3 compound.
基金Project(51071181)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013FJ4043)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that the Gibbs energy function of an alloy phase should be derived from Gibbs energy partition function constructed of alloy gene sequence and their Gibbs energy sequence. Second, the six rules for establishing alloy gene Gibbs energy partition function have been discovered, and it has been specially proved that the probabilities of structure units occupied at the Gibbs energy levels in the degeneracy factor for calculating configuration entropy should be degenerated as ones of component atoms occupied at the lattice points. Third, the main characteristics unexpected by today’s researchers are as follows. There exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region coexisting by the ordered and disordered phases. The composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from those of the critical point of the Au3Cu compound; At 0 K, the composition of the lowest point on the composition-dependent Gibbs energy curve is notably deviated from that of the Au3Cu compounds. The theoretical limit composition range of long range ordered Au3Cu-type alloys is determined by the first jumping order degree.
基金Projects(50901017,51171043,51271053)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20090042120008)supported by the Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of ChinaProject(2011BAE22B04-2)supported by National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period
文摘The phase equilibria and compositions at the Mg-rich corner of the Mg?Zn?Al ternary system at 335 °C were systemically investigated through the equilibrated alloy method by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assisted with energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray (EDS). It is experimentally testified that theα-Mg solid solution is not in equilibrium with the Mg32(Al, Zn)49 (τ) ternary intermetallic compound orq quasicrystalline phase, but only in equilibrium with one ternary intermetallic compound Al5Mg11Zn4 (φ). The whole composition range of theφ phase was also obtained at 335 °C, i.e., 52.5%?56.4% Mg, 13.6%?24.0% Al, 19.6%?33.9% Zn (mole fraction). The solubility of Al in the MgZn phase is remarkably more than that in the Mg7Zn3 phase, and the maximum is about 8.6% Al. Aluminum and zinc are simultaneously soluble in theα-Mg solid solution.
文摘This paper analyzes the compound attractor structure of a new three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system. First, it is found that there exist five equilibria in the chaotic system, and the stabilities of these equilibria are discussed under a constant scalar control input parameter m. Secondly, the trajectories of the attractors on a y-z plane are examined, the reasons why these trajectories can exist or disappear are also described. Finally, the forming procedure of the different scrolls chaotic attractor is explored by computer simulations when the parameter m is varied. It is shown that the new chaotic attractor has a compound structure, it can evolve to other three-dimensional autonomous chaotic systems. The results of theoretical analysis and simulation are helpful for better understanding of other similar chaotic systems.
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Student Research Training Program in Beijing ForestryUniversity(S201310022020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(TD2011-14)~~
文摘[Objective]Preservation and waterproof treatment are two crucial parts in wood protection, which can not only extend the service time, but also expand the application range of wood products. [Method] This work combined CA with paraffin wax emulsion to treat wood samples, and basic properties of the compound system, such as stability （storage stability and centrifugal stability）, particle size and pH val-ue, and water repel ency （water absorption, shrinkage and swel ing） of treated sam-ples were investigated. [Result and Conclusion] 1） the compound systems of CA and paraffin latex had a favorable miscibility and stability; 2） compared with untreated wood, CA-treated samples showed poor water repel ing properties, whereas samples treated with the compound systems indicated an obvious reduction in water absorp-tion, and the shrinkage and swel ing of them were improved as wel .
文摘Multivariables, strong coupling, nonlinearity, and large delays characterize the boiler-turbine coordinated control systems for ship power equipment. To better deal with these conditions, a compound control strategy based on a support vector machine （SVM） with inverse identification was proposed and applied to research simulating coordinated control systems. This method combines SVM inverse control and fuzzy control, taking advantage of the merits of SVM inverse controls which can be designed easily and have high reliability, and those of fuzzy controls, which respond rapidly and have good anti-jamming capability and robustness. It ensures the controller can be controlled with near instantaneous adjustments to maintain a steady state, even if the SVM is not trained well. The simulation results show that the control quality of this fuzzy-SVM compound control algorithm is high, with good performance in dynamic response speed, static stability, restraint of overshoot, and robustness.
文摘The finding of the compound structure of a new four-scrolls chaotic system is reported, which is obtained by merging together two symmetrical attractors. And the two symmetrical attractors are generated only by adding a constant gain to the original system. Also, the forming procedure of the new four-scrolls chaotic attractor is explored and the relation between the constant gain and the properties of the system is given.
基金Project(50731002) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20082030) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China
文摘The phase equilibria and compositions in Mg-rich side at 300 ℃ were investigated in Mg-Zn-Ca ternary system through the equilibrated alloy method by using scanning electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis,X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.The results show that two ternary compounds T1 and T2 can be in equilibrium with the Mg-based solid solution in Mg-Zn-Ca system.T1 phase is a linear compound with the composition region（molar fraction） of 15% Ca,20.5%-48.9% Zn and balanced Mg at 300 ℃.Its hexagonal structure parameters decrease with increasing Zn content,i.e.a=0.992-0.945 nm,c=1.034-1.003 nm.T2 phase has hexagonal structure with the composition region of 26.4%-28.4% Mg,63.2%-65.5% Zn and 7.1%-8.4% Ca.At 300 ℃,the solubility of Zn in the Mg-based solid solution increases for the addition of Ca,the maximum solubility of Zn is 3.7%.Three-phase fields consisting of--Mg＋Mg2Ca＋T1,--Mg＋T1＋T2,--Mg＋T2＋MgZn and MgZn＋T2＋Mg2Zn3 exist in the Mg-Zn-Ca system at 300 ℃.
文摘By analyzing the target's motion pattern, in terms of the requirement for the performance indexes of the follow up system, the structure changing control and time optimal theory is proposed. The system's control scheme from three different aspects(the dynamic response simulation, compound control simulation and dynamic tracking simulation) is also studied. And all the results proved the feasibility of the synthetical utilization of the open loop control, speed decreased control and position closed loop control.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(Nos.2014A030313241,2014B090901068,and 2016A010103003)。
文摘MPHPB was prepared from melamine,phenylphosphonic acid and boric acid,and its flame retardant effect in PE was investigated.Compared to the intermediate product(melamine phenyl hypophosphite(MPHP)),the residual char increased from 17.9% of MPHP to 41.2% of MPHPB at 800℃.The limiting oxygen index(LOI)of PE/20%MPHPB is 23.6%,which reaches V-0 rating.After the addition of 20%MPHPB,the total heat release(THR),peak heat release rate(pK-HRR),and average effective thermal combustion rates(av-EHC)of PE decreased.Additionally,characterizations including the pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(Py-GC-MS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),raman spectroscopy test(LRS)and fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)were taken to investigate the flame retardant mechanism,and the results show that MPHPB plays roles in both gas and condensed phases.
文摘Aiming at characteristic of time delay, time-varying parameters and much disturb in glass greenhouse heating system, fuzzy smith cascade compound control policy based on typical PID cascade compound control policy is proposed. Simulation results show that it is effective to overcome the influence of time delay on stability of control system and the system possesses strong robust and good dynamic performance..
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Student Research Training Program in Beijing Forestry University(S201410022055)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(No.TD2011-14)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to develop the compound system of paraffin emulsion and CA based on natural surfactants to improve the properties of anti- mould and anti-blue stain. [Method] The paraffin wax emulsion with different con- centrations of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% was added into CA （0.3% and 0.5%） to obtain six groups of compound systems. The full-cell process was applied to treat the sapwood of Pinus spp. at size of 50 mm （L）×20 mm （R）×5 mm （T）. Anti-mould and anti-blue stain tests were conducted using Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat., Spergi/lus niger V. Tiegh and Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr. according to the GB/T18261-200. [Result] Both paraffin wax emulsion and CA-B could prevent wood against mould and blue stain. However, within a certain range, anti-mould and anti-blue stain ef- fects of wood samples treated by the compound systems reduced slightly as the concentration of paraffin wax emulsion increased. [Conclusion] The research provides references for advancing use of wood biomass resources in a more efficient and more environment-friendly way.
