The highly-emulsified oily sludge in gas fields is complex in components and serious in emulsification,which makes effective reduction extremely difficult only by a single direct mechanical separation method such as m...The highly-emulsified oily sludge in gas fields is complex in components and serious in emulsification,which makes effective reduction extremely difficult only by a single direct mechanical separation method such as microwave heating,ultrasonic treatment,chemical conditioning,etc.In view of this,this paper presented a new chemical-physical compounding conditioning technology for such highly emulsified oily sludge in gas fields.The experimental samples,from the Mizhi Natural Gas Processing Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,were treated through chemical conditioning,from which the optimal formula,dosages and dosing order were determined.On this basis,the compound technology of chemical-physical conditioning was applied to reduce the specific resistance to filtration(SRF)of the sludge,thus achieving a satisfactory result.The following results were obtained.(1)The chemical conditioning agent with the formula of the oxidant MN-S,calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide was proved to achieve the fastest dewatering speed,and the specific resistance of sludge can be reduced from 130.3 to 3.81 trillion m^(3) per kg.(2)Comparison between microwave and ultrasonic conditioning methods shows that the latter is better in reducing the SRF(the ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz was applied to reduce the SRF down to 14.01 trillion m^(3) per kg after 4 min of conditioning treatment).(3)The ultrasonic treatment effect after chemical conditioning is the best;the SRF was reduced to 2.77 trillion m^(3) per kg,and the moisture content of the sludge after mechanical dewatering was only 68.71%,decreased by 21.46%compared with the original content of 90.17%.In conclusion,this presented chemical-microwave-ultrasonic compound conditioning technology can reduce the sludge's SRF and the moisture content of filter cakes so as to achieve effective reduction of the highly-emulsified sludge in gas fields.展开更多
The reactions of tri-2-benzofuranylborane or aminoethyl di-2-thienylborinate and 2-thienylphenylborinate with dichlorocarbene generated in situ from chloroform under phase transfer conditions were explored as a new ro...The reactions of tri-2-benzofuranylborane or aminoethyl di-2-thienylborinate and 2-thienylphenylborinate with dichlorocarbene generated in situ from chloroform under phase transfer conditions were explored as a new route for the preparation of heteroaromatic ketones. It was found that a good yield of the ketones can be obtained by solid-liquid system.展开更多
This paper provides a formalized definition of the application problem of compound condition query （CCQ） and a formal method of applying requirements elicitation based on trace information space derived from trace a...This paper provides a formalized definition of the application problem of compound condition query （CCQ） and a formal method of applying requirements elicitation based on trace information space derived from trace algebra. With the formalized process of solving the application problem of CCQ, formal requirements specification of application of CCQ is given, a formalized and automatic mapping of the results of requirements elicitation to the formal requirements specification is performed, the software system model and the application code are developed. Through a sample application of comprehensive query on housing information, the feasibility of formalized and automatic software development for the application problem of CCQ is proved. The result has important implications for the other problems regarding formalization and automatic software development.展开更多
Palladium-catalyzed allylation of carbonucleophiles has been widely used for carbon-carbon bond formation.Among the allylic compounds studied,allylic acetates were mostwidely used as precursors of(π-allyl)palladium i...Palladium-catalyzed allylation of carbonucleophiles has been widely used for carbon-carbon bond formation.Among the allylic compounds studied,allylic acetates were mostwidely used as precursors of(π-allyl)palladium intermediates.However,bases such as NaHmust be used to generate anions in this reaction.Recently,research on carrying out the palla-展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Study on Wellbore Damage Instability Based on Configuration Mechanics Theory”(No.:51674200)the Technical Research Project of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company“Analysis and Countermeasure Study of Produced Water Treatment System of the Mizhi Natural Gas Processing Plant in 2017”(No.:GXTC-CZ-1757181).
文摘The highly-emulsified oily sludge in gas fields is complex in components and serious in emulsification,which makes effective reduction extremely difficult only by a single direct mechanical separation method such as microwave heating,ultrasonic treatment,chemical conditioning,etc.In view of this,this paper presented a new chemical-physical compounding conditioning technology for such highly emulsified oily sludge in gas fields.The experimental samples,from the Mizhi Natural Gas Processing Plant of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,were treated through chemical conditioning,from which the optimal formula,dosages and dosing order were determined.On this basis,the compound technology of chemical-physical conditioning was applied to reduce the specific resistance to filtration(SRF)of the sludge,thus achieving a satisfactory result.The following results were obtained.(1)The chemical conditioning agent with the formula of the oxidant MN-S,calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide was proved to achieve the fastest dewatering speed,and the specific resistance of sludge can be reduced from 130.3 to 3.81 trillion m^(3) per kg.(2)Comparison between microwave and ultrasonic conditioning methods shows that the latter is better in reducing the SRF(the ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz was applied to reduce the SRF down to 14.01 trillion m^(3) per kg after 4 min of conditioning treatment).(3)The ultrasonic treatment effect after chemical conditioning is the best;the SRF was reduced to 2.77 trillion m^(3) per kg,and the moisture content of the sludge after mechanical dewatering was only 68.71%,decreased by 21.46%compared with the original content of 90.17%.In conclusion,this presented chemical-microwave-ultrasonic compound conditioning technology can reduce the sludge's SRF and the moisture content of filter cakes so as to achieve effective reduction of the highly-emulsified sludge in gas fields.
文摘The reactions of tri-2-benzofuranylborane or aminoethyl di-2-thienylborinate and 2-thienylphenylborinate with dichlorocarbene generated in situ from chloroform under phase transfer conditions were explored as a new route for the preparation of heteroaromatic ketones. It was found that a good yield of the ketones can be obtained by solid-liquid system.
基金supported by the Open Fund for National Engineering Laboratory for E-Government Modeling and Emulation
文摘This paper provides a formalized definition of the application problem of compound condition query （CCQ） and a formal method of applying requirements elicitation based on trace information space derived from trace algebra. With the formalized process of solving the application problem of CCQ, formal requirements specification of application of CCQ is given, a formalized and automatic mapping of the results of requirements elicitation to the formal requirements specification is performed, the software system model and the application code are developed. Through a sample application of comprehensive query on housing information, the feasibility of formalized and automatic software development for the application problem of CCQ is proved. The result has important implications for the other problems regarding formalization and automatic software development.
文摘Palladium-catalyzed allylation of carbonucleophiles has been widely used for carbon-carbon bond formation.Among the allylic compounds studied,allylic acetates were mostwidely used as precursors of(π-allyl)palladium intermediates.However,bases such as NaHmust be used to generate anions in this reaction.Recently,research on carrying out the palla-
