Camellia oleifera cake(COC), a nutrient-rich by-product of tea oil extraction, holds promise as a high-quality protein source but is limited in feed applications due to anti-nutritional factors, mainly tea saponins an...Camellia oleifera cake(COC), a nutrient-rich by-product of tea oil extraction, holds promise as a high-quality protein source but is limited in feed applications due to anti-nutritional factors, mainly tea saponins and crude fiber. This study employed solid-state fermentation using a compound microbial agent combined with cellulase to enhance COC's palatability and nutritional value. Single-strain fermentation identified Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as most effective in degrading tea saponins(46.0%) without reducing crude fiber. Optimal conditions were 0.1% inoculum, 48 h at 37 ℃, with 20% sugar. For cellulase hydrolysis, the best parameters were: 50 U/g enzyme, 50 ℃, 8 h, using 40-mesh sieved substrate. Combined fermentation began with enzymatic treatment followed by inoculation with a 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(two strains), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The optimized conditions(0.1% inoculum, 7 days, 37 ℃, 20% sugar, 50% moisture) significantly reduced anti-nutritional components and improved protein content, indicating the potential of fermented COC as a viable feed ingredient.展开更多
Paddy fields are considered a major source of methane(CH_4)emissions.Aerobic irrigation methods have proven to be efficacious in mitigating CH_4 emissions in paddy cultivation.The promising role of compound microbial ...Paddy fields are considered a major source of methane(CH_4)emissions.Aerobic irrigation methods have proven to be efficacious in mitigating CH_4 emissions in paddy cultivation.The promising role of compound microbial agents in refining the rhizospheric ecosystem suggests their potential as novel agents in reducing CH_4 emissions from paddy fields.To explore a new method of using compound microbial agents to reduce CH_4 emissions,we conducted pot and field experiments over the period of 2022-2023.We measured CH_4 flux,the redox potential(Eh)of the soil,the concentration of dissolved oxygen(DO)in the floodwater,and the gene abundance of both methanogens(mcr A)and methanotrophs(pmo A).The results showed that the application of the compound microbial agent led to a significant increase in the DO levels within the floodwater and an increase of 9.26%to 35.01%in the Eh of the tillage soil.Furthermore,the abundance of pmo A increased by 31.20%,while the mcr A/pmo A ratio decreased by 25.96%at the maximum tillering stage.Applying 45-75 kg/hm^(2) of the compound microbial agent before transplanting resulted in a reduction of cumulative CH_4 emissions from paddy fields by 17.49%in single-cropped rice and 43.54%to 50.27%in double-cropped late rice during the tillering stage.Correlation analysis indicated that CH_4 flux was significantly negatively correlated with pmo A gene abundance and soil Eh,and positively related to the mcr A/pmo A ratio.Additionally,soil Eh was significantly positively correlated with pmo A gene abundance,suggesting that paddy soil Eh indirectly affected CH_4 flux by influencing the pmo A gene abundance.In conclusion,the pre-planting application of the compound microbial agent at a rate of 45-75 kg/hm^(2) can enhance the Eh in the rhizosphere and increase the abundance of the pmo A gene,thereby reducing CH_4 emissions from paddy fields during the tillering stage of rice growth.展开更多
The novel concept of Compound-Agent is proposed,which consists of some independent sub-agents that share common beliefs and employ community actions. The Explicit Model of Coordination, which is used in the coordinati...The novel concept of Compound-Agent is proposed,which consists of some independent sub-agents that share common beliefs and employ community actions. The Explicit Model of Coordination, which is used in the coordination of the sub-agents of Compound-Agent, is provided. The actions of each sub-agent are rule-based determined, and the rule base can be adjusted on time.The approximate fuzzy reasoning is used to improve the speed of learn and reduce the number of rules, which makes Compound-Agent suitable for real time and dynamic applications. A real application, the design of the control system of flat-knitting machine employing the concept of Compound- Agent, is discussed briefly.展开更多
Coordination compounds of (±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and their mixed ligand complexes with 1,10-phenantroline were synthesized, characterized using electronic and infrared spectral analyses an...Coordination compounds of (±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and their mixed ligand complexes with 1,10-phenantroline were synthesized, characterized using electronic and infrared spectral analyses and magnetic susceptibility. The compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Four different assays were applied for evaluating antioxidant capacity of the compounds. The results obtained indicated a diametric square planar geometry for both cobalt (±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid complex and its mixed ligand complex. It was suggested that for the binary cobalt(II) complex, the phenolic substituent coordinated with neighbouring central metal ions. However, for the ternary cobalt(II) complex it was suggested it was deprotonated. Octahedral geometry was proposed for both copper complexes. Square planar geometry was indicated for the nickel?(±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid complex and a mixture of square planar and octahedral geometry for the nickel mixed ligand complex. The cobalt mixed ligand complex elicited the highest activity for all the antioxidant assays. In most cases the binary complexes exhibited better antimicrobial activities relative to their ternary counterparts.展开更多
The influence of silane coupling agent on the film forming of galvanized steel treated with cerium salt was studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and the corrosi...The influence of silane coupling agent on the film forming of galvanized steel treated with cerium salt was studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and the corrosion resistance of conversion films was analyzed by electro interstitial scanning （EIS）. The results show that silane coupling agent KH-570 has significant influence on the compactness and homogeneity of cerium conversion films, and the process of film forming is promoted by increasing the content of tervalent and tetravalent cerium oxide. The impedance value of the cerium conversion film, especially modified with KH-570, is greater than that of the base metal, which reveals that it is necessary to add silane coupling agent to the film-forming solution in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the conversion film.展开更多
PA_C subunit from avian influenza（H5N1） viral RNA polymerase was used in this work as a target in the screening for anti-influenza agents from licorice-derived compounds.As a result,18β-glycyrrhetinic acid was sugg...PA_C subunit from avian influenza（H5N1） viral RNA polymerase was used in this work as a target in the screening for anti-influenza agents from licorice-derived compounds.As a result,18β-glycyrrhetinic acid was suggested to be PA_C ligand by flexible docking,and was then confirmed by relaxation-edited NMR.The result of ApG primer extension assay indicated that this PA_C ligand can inhibit the polymerase activity,and thus may potentially be valuable as anti-influenza lead compound.This work validated the possibility of screening polymerase inhibitors by using PA_C as a target,and provided a starting point for the further discovery of new anti-influenza drugs.展开更多
The objective of this research was to show a way to conduct rejuvenation of aged polymer modified asphalt binder（PMB） successfully.To fully evaluate and understand the rejuvenation of aged PMB,the Penetration grade ...The objective of this research was to show a way to conduct rejuvenation of aged polymer modified asphalt binder（PMB） successfully.To fully evaluate and understand the rejuvenation of aged PMB,the Penetration grade tests including penetration,soften point,ductility and elastic recovery and SuperpaveTM PG grade tests including DSR,BBR and DDT were conducted.The rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing a fluid recycling agent in common use for binder rejuvenation was evaluated.And then the compound rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing the recycling agent with a new modifying additive for binder modification was evaluated.The experimental results indicated that the recycling agent in common use currently does not apply to polymer modified asphalt binder rejuvenation.But the recycling agent together with the modifying additive can restore the characteristics of aged polymer modified binder very well.Therefore,compound rejuvenation of polymer modified asphalt binder is recommended.展开更多
The effects of adding a bulking agent on the performance and odor emissions（ammonia and eight sulfur-containing odorous compounds） when biodrying kitchen waste were investigated. Three treatments were considered： t...The effects of adding a bulking agent on the performance and odor emissions（ammonia and eight sulfur-containing odorous compounds） when biodrying kitchen waste were investigated. Three treatments were considered： the addition of either cornstalks（CS） or wood peat（WP） to kitchen waste as a bulking agent before biodrying, and a control treatment（CK）. The water-removal rates for CK, CS, and WP treatments were 0.35, 0.56, and0.43 kg/kg, respectively. Addition of bulking agents to kitchen waste produced less leachate,higher moisture-removal rates, and lower consumption of volatile solids. The CS treatment had the highest biodrying index（4.07）, and those for the WP and CK treatments were 3.67 and 1.97, respectively. Adding cornstalks or wood peat decreased NH3 emissions by 55.8%and 71.7%, respectively. Total sulfur losses were 3.6%–21.6% after 21 days biodrying, and H2 S and Me2 SS were the main（〉 95%） sulfur compounds released. The smallest amounts of sulfur-containing odorous compounds were emitted when cornstalks were added, and adding cornstalks and wood peat decreased total sulfur losses by 50.6%–64.8%.展开更多
The influence of process control agents （PCAs） on the mechanical properties of Ni3AI intermetallic compounds by mechanical alloying was investigated in order to develop oxide deposition reinforced intermetallics. Th...The influence of process control agents （PCAs） on the mechanical properties of Ni3AI intermetallic compounds by mechanical alloying was investigated in order to develop oxide deposition reinforced intermetallics. The PCAs in mechanical alloying were pure ligroin, 75 vol.% ligroin ＋ 25 vol.% alcohol, 50 vol.% ligroin ＋ 50 vol.% alcohol, 25 vol.% ligroin ＋ 75 vol.% alcohol, and pure alcohol. The normal composition is Ni-22.9at.%Al-0.5at.%B, the ball-to-powder weight ratio is 10：1, and the milling time is 30 min. Then, the powders were sintered by spark plasma sintering under 40 MPa for 5 min at 1000℃. The results show that a higher bending strength and a higher hardness were obtained when the PCAs were 75% ligroin ＋ 25% alcohol in mechanical alloying. The bending strength is about 2700 MPa and the hardness （HV） is more than 6 GPa.展开更多
基金supported the Key Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2023B0202070002)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+1 种基金Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Research System of China (CARS-14)the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province (2023AFA042)。
文摘Camellia oleifera cake(COC), a nutrient-rich by-product of tea oil extraction, holds promise as a high-quality protein source but is limited in feed applications due to anti-nutritional factors, mainly tea saponins and crude fiber. This study employed solid-state fermentation using a compound microbial agent combined with cellulase to enhance COC's palatability and nutritional value. Single-strain fermentation identified Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as most effective in degrading tea saponins(46.0%) without reducing crude fiber. Optimal conditions were 0.1% inoculum, 48 h at 37 ℃, with 20% sugar. For cellulase hydrolysis, the best parameters were: 50 U/g enzyme, 50 ℃, 8 h, using 40-mesh sieved substrate. Combined fermentation began with enzymatic treatment followed by inoculation with a 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(two strains), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The optimized conditions(0.1% inoculum, 7 days, 37 ℃, 20% sugar, 50% moisture) significantly reduced anti-nutritional components and improved protein content, indicating the potential of fermented COC as a viable feed ingredient.
基金supported by the Zhejiang‘Ten Thousand Talents’Plan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project,China (Grant No.2020R52035)the National Rice Industry Technology System of China (Grant No.CARS-01-31)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China (Grant No.CAAS-ZDRW202001)。
文摘Paddy fields are considered a major source of methane(CH_4)emissions.Aerobic irrigation methods have proven to be efficacious in mitigating CH_4 emissions in paddy cultivation.The promising role of compound microbial agents in refining the rhizospheric ecosystem suggests their potential as novel agents in reducing CH_4 emissions from paddy fields.To explore a new method of using compound microbial agents to reduce CH_4 emissions,we conducted pot and field experiments over the period of 2022-2023.We measured CH_4 flux,the redox potential(Eh)of the soil,the concentration of dissolved oxygen(DO)in the floodwater,and the gene abundance of both methanogens(mcr A)and methanotrophs(pmo A).The results showed that the application of the compound microbial agent led to a significant increase in the DO levels within the floodwater and an increase of 9.26%to 35.01%in the Eh of the tillage soil.Furthermore,the abundance of pmo A increased by 31.20%,while the mcr A/pmo A ratio decreased by 25.96%at the maximum tillering stage.Applying 45-75 kg/hm^(2) of the compound microbial agent before transplanting resulted in a reduction of cumulative CH_4 emissions from paddy fields by 17.49%in single-cropped rice and 43.54%to 50.27%in double-cropped late rice during the tillering stage.Correlation analysis indicated that CH_4 flux was significantly negatively correlated with pmo A gene abundance and soil Eh,and positively related to the mcr A/pmo A ratio.Additionally,soil Eh was significantly positively correlated with pmo A gene abundance,suggesting that paddy soil Eh indirectly affected CH_4 flux by influencing the pmo A gene abundance.In conclusion,the pre-planting application of the compound microbial agent at a rate of 45-75 kg/hm^(2) can enhance the Eh in the rhizosphere and increase the abundance of the pmo A gene,thereby reducing CH_4 emissions from paddy fields during the tillering stage of rice growth.
文摘The novel concept of Compound-Agent is proposed,which consists of some independent sub-agents that share common beliefs and employ community actions. The Explicit Model of Coordination, which is used in the coordination of the sub-agents of Compound-Agent, is provided. The actions of each sub-agent are rule-based determined, and the rule base can be adjusted on time.The approximate fuzzy reasoning is used to improve the speed of learn and reduce the number of rules, which makes Compound-Agent suitable for real time and dynamic applications. A real application, the design of the control system of flat-knitting machine employing the concept of Compound- Agent, is discussed briefly.
文摘Coordination compounds of (±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and their mixed ligand complexes with 1,10-phenantroline were synthesized, characterized using electronic and infrared spectral analyses and magnetic susceptibility. The compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Four different assays were applied for evaluating antioxidant capacity of the compounds. The results obtained indicated a diametric square planar geometry for both cobalt (±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid complex and its mixed ligand complex. It was suggested that for the binary cobalt(II) complex, the phenolic substituent coordinated with neighbouring central metal ions. However, for the ternary cobalt(II) complex it was suggested it was deprotonated. Octahedral geometry was proposed for both copper complexes. Square planar geometry was indicated for the nickel?(±)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid complex and a mixture of square planar and octahedral geometry for the nickel mixed ligand complex. The cobalt mixed ligand complex elicited the highest activity for all the antioxidant assays. In most cases the binary complexes exhibited better antimicrobial activities relative to their ternary counterparts.
文摘The influence of silane coupling agent on the film forming of galvanized steel treated with cerium salt was studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, and the corrosion resistance of conversion films was analyzed by electro interstitial scanning （EIS）. The results show that silane coupling agent KH-570 has significant influence on the compactness and homogeneity of cerium conversion films, and the process of film forming is promoted by increasing the content of tervalent and tetravalent cerium oxide. The impedance value of the cerium conversion film, especially modified with KH-570, is greater than that of the base metal, which reveals that it is necessary to add silane coupling agent to the film-forming solution in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the conversion film.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81072576) to Y.L.Tangthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 30925011)the Ministry of Science and Technology 863 Project(No.2006AA02A314) to Y.F.Liu
文摘PA_C subunit from avian influenza（H5N1） viral RNA polymerase was used in this work as a target in the screening for anti-influenza agents from licorice-derived compounds.As a result,18β-glycyrrhetinic acid was suggested to be PA_C ligand by flexible docking,and was then confirmed by relaxation-edited NMR.The result of ApG primer extension assay indicated that this PA_C ligand can inhibit the polymerase activity,and thus may potentially be valuable as anti-influenza lead compound.This work validated the possibility of screening polymerase inhibitors by using PA_C as a target,and provided a starting point for the further discovery of new anti-influenza drugs.
基金Funded in Part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50878054)
文摘The objective of this research was to show a way to conduct rejuvenation of aged polymer modified asphalt binder（PMB） successfully.To fully evaluate and understand the rejuvenation of aged PMB,the Penetration grade tests including penetration,soften point,ductility and elastic recovery and SuperpaveTM PG grade tests including DSR,BBR and DDT were conducted.The rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing a fluid recycling agent in common use for binder rejuvenation was evaluated.And then the compound rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing the recycling agent with a new modifying additive for binder modification was evaluated.The experimental results indicated that the recycling agent in common use currently does not apply to polymer modified asphalt binder rejuvenation.But the recycling agent together with the modifying additive can restore the characteristics of aged polymer modified binder very well.Therefore,compound rejuvenation of polymer modified asphalt binder is recommended.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of Chinathrough the High Effective Intelligent Composting Process and Key Technology Research program(No.2016YFD0800601)the project of“State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials”(No.SWR-2014-005)
文摘The effects of adding a bulking agent on the performance and odor emissions（ammonia and eight sulfur-containing odorous compounds） when biodrying kitchen waste were investigated. Three treatments were considered： the addition of either cornstalks（CS） or wood peat（WP） to kitchen waste as a bulking agent before biodrying, and a control treatment（CK）. The water-removal rates for CK, CS, and WP treatments were 0.35, 0.56, and0.43 kg/kg, respectively. Addition of bulking agents to kitchen waste produced less leachate,higher moisture-removal rates, and lower consumption of volatile solids. The CS treatment had the highest biodrying index（4.07）, and those for the WP and CK treatments were 3.67 and 1.97, respectively. Adding cornstalks or wood peat decreased NH3 emissions by 55.8%and 71.7%, respectively. Total sulfur losses were 3.6%–21.6% after 21 days biodrying, and H2 S and Me2 SS were the main（〉 95%） sulfur compounds released. The smallest amounts of sulfur-containing odorous compounds were emitted when cornstalks were added, and adding cornstalks and wood peat decreased total sulfur losses by 50.6%–64.8%.
文摘The influence of process control agents （PCAs） on the mechanical properties of Ni3AI intermetallic compounds by mechanical alloying was investigated in order to develop oxide deposition reinforced intermetallics. The PCAs in mechanical alloying were pure ligroin, 75 vol.% ligroin ＋ 25 vol.% alcohol, 50 vol.% ligroin ＋ 50 vol.% alcohol, 25 vol.% ligroin ＋ 75 vol.% alcohol, and pure alcohol. The normal composition is Ni-22.9at.%Al-0.5at.%B, the ball-to-powder weight ratio is 10：1, and the milling time is 30 min. Then, the powders were sintered by spark plasma sintering under 40 MPa for 5 min at 1000℃. The results show that a higher bending strength and a higher hardness were obtained when the PCAs were 75% ligroin ＋ 25% alcohol in mechanical alloying. The bending strength is about 2700 MPa and the hardness （HV） is more than 6 GPa.
