Anti-aging research has become a popular scientific field with the increasing prominence of population aging.Rare ginsenoside Compound K(CK)has attracted widespread attention as an emerging anti-aging active ingredien...Anti-aging research has become a popular scientific field with the increasing prominence of population aging.Rare ginsenoside Compound K(CK)has attracted widespread attention as an emerging anti-aging active ingredient.The anti-aging effect of ginsenosides is considered to be one of the important roles of ginsenosides,and Compound K,as the main deglycosylated metabolite of ginsenosides,has a comprehensive anti-aging effect as a highly active ingredient obtained by transformation under the action of microbiota.Recent studies have shown that ginsenosides have anti-photo-oxidation,anti-skin aging,free radical scavenging and immunostimulatory effects,which can effectively prevent skin photoaging.With the progress of modern natural medicine extraction technology and the deepening of the research on the anti-skin aging of ginsenosides'high active ingredients,it will promote the development and application of natural product protective skin photoaging preparations.The rare ginsenoside Compound K plays an important role in the improvement of skin health and anti-aging,which is mainly realized by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,inducing the expression of related genes,reducing the content of oxidative damage substances,regulating the immune system,and influencing the expression of cell-cycle regulators and aging genes.A more comprehensive and in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of the anti-aging effect of rare ginsenoside Compound K will be one of the focuses of future research.展开更多
The rare ginsenoside Compound K （C-K） is attracting more attention because of its good physiological activity and urgent need. There are many pathways to obtain ginsenoside C-K, including chemical and biological met...The rare ginsenoside Compound K （C-K） is attracting more attention because of its good physiological activity and urgent need. There are many pathways to obtain ginsenoside C-K, including chemical and biological methods. Among these, the conversion of PPD-type ginsenosides by enzymatic hydrolysis is a trend due to its high efficiency and mild conditions. For effectively extracting from the other panaxadiol saponins, the conversion process for ginsenoside C-K was investigated using snailases in this study. The univariate experimental design and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the conversion of ginsenoside Rbl into ginsenoside C-K by snailases. The optimum conditions were as follows： pH 5,12, temperature 51 ℃, ratio of snailase/substrate 0.21, and reaction time 48 h. On the basis of these parameters, the addition of 1.0 mmol· L- 1 ferric ion was found to significantly improve the enzymolysis ofsnailases for the first time. With the above conditions, the maximum conversion rate reached 89.7%, suggesting that the process can obviously increase the yield of ginsenoside C-K. The bioassay tests indicated that the ginsenoside C-K showed anti-tumor activity in a series of tumor cell lines. Based on these results, we can conclude that the process of rare ginsenoside C- K production by enzymolysis with snailase is feasible, efficient, and suitable for the industrial production and application.展开更多
Many natural products can be bio-converted by the gut microbiota to influence pertinent efficiency.Ginsenoside compound K(GCK)is a potential anti-type 2 diabetes(T2D)saponin,which is mainly bio-transformed into protop...Many natural products can be bio-converted by the gut microbiota to influence pertinent efficiency.Ginsenoside compound K(GCK)is a potential anti-type 2 diabetes(T2D)saponin,which is mainly bio-transformed into protopanaxadiol(PPD)by the gut microbiota.Studies have shown that the gut microbiota between diabetic patients and healthy subjects are significantly different.Herein,we aimed to characterize the biotransformation of GCK mediated by the gut microbiota from diabetic patients and healthy subjects.Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing,the results indicated the bacterial profiles were considerably different between the two groups,especially Alistipes and Parabacteroides that increased in healthy subjects.The quantitative analysis of GCK and PPD showed that gut microbiota from the diabetic patients metabolized GCK slower than healthy subjects through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The selected strain A.finegoldi and P.merdae exhibited a different metabolic capability of GCK.In conclusion,the different biotransformation capacity for GCK may impact its anti-diabetic potency.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside metabolite compound K(CK)is a degradation product of ginsenoside in the intestine by bacteria.The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of CK have been reported.This study investigate...OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside metabolite compound K(CK)is a degradation product of ginsenoside in the intestine by bacteria.The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of CK have been reported.This study investigated whether CK exerted its immunoregulatory effect through modulation of dendritic cells(DCs)function.METHODS In vivo,severity of collegen-induced arthritis(CIA),T cells and DCs subsets,phenotype of DC were assayed by flow cytometry,CCL19 and CCL21 level in lymph nodes assayed by ELISA.In vitro,bone marrow-derived DCs from normal mice were matured with lipopolysaccharide and treated with CK for 48 h.In vivo,bone marrow-derived DCs were generated from CIA mice before and 2 weeks into CK treatment.DCs were analyzed for migration,phenotype and T-cell stimulatory capacity.RESULTS CK alleviated the severity of CIA,decreased pD Cs and mo-DCs,increased na?ve T cells in CIA mice lymph nodes,and suppressed CCL21 expression in lymph nodes.CK suppressed DCs migration induced by CCL21 and T cells-stimulatory capability of DC,down-regulated LPS-induced expression of CD80,CD86,MHCII and CCR7 on DCs.CONCLUSION This study elucidated the novel immunomodulatory property of CK via impairing function of DCs in priming T cells activation.These results provide an interesting novel insight into the potential mechanism by which CK contribute to the restoration of immunoregulation in autoimmune conditions.展开更多
文摘Anti-aging research has become a popular scientific field with the increasing prominence of population aging.Rare ginsenoside Compound K(CK)has attracted widespread attention as an emerging anti-aging active ingredient.The anti-aging effect of ginsenosides is considered to be one of the important roles of ginsenosides,and Compound K,as the main deglycosylated metabolite of ginsenosides,has a comprehensive anti-aging effect as a highly active ingredient obtained by transformation under the action of microbiota.Recent studies have shown that ginsenosides have anti-photo-oxidation,anti-skin aging,free radical scavenging and immunostimulatory effects,which can effectively prevent skin photoaging.With the progress of modern natural medicine extraction technology and the deepening of the research on the anti-skin aging of ginsenosides'high active ingredients,it will promote the development and application of natural product protective skin photoaging preparations.The rare ginsenoside Compound K plays an important role in the improvement of skin health and anti-aging,which is mainly realized by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,inducing the expression of related genes,reducing the content of oxidative damage substances,regulating the immune system,and influencing the expression of cell-cycle regulators and aging genes.A more comprehensive and in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of the anti-aging effect of rare ginsenoside Compound K will be one of the focuses of future research.
文摘目的:探讨人参皂苷compound K(CK)对急性心肌梗死小鼠梗死纤维瘢痕比和心功能的影响。方法:45只,雄性,C57BL/6J小鼠,随机分为假手术组、模型组、CK组(各15只)。假手术组和模型组灌胃0.9%氯化钠液10m L·kg^(-1)·day^(-1),人参皂苷CK组灌胃给予人参皂苷CK10 m L·kg^(-1)·day^(-1)(浓度0.2%)。14d后心脏超声检测各组心功能改变,HE染色和Masson染色检测各组心肌坏死和梗死纤维瘢痕比,ELISA法检测各组小鼠术后第7d、14d血清中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL^(-1)0水平,流式细胞技术检测各组小鼠脾脏调节性T细胞(Treg)变化。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组心功能显著下降(P<0.05),第7天血清中TNF-α和IL-6表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),第14天后无明显改变,而IL^(-1)0第7天和第14天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而脾脏Treg细胞比例显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,人参皂苷CK组心功能显著改善,心肌坏死减少,心肌梗死纤维瘢痕明显减少(P<0.05)。第7天血清中TNF-α和IL-6表达水平显著下降(P<0.05),第14天无差异,而IL^(-1)0第7天和14天均表达增加(P<0.05)。脾脏Treg细胞比例显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:人参皂苷CK对急性心肌梗死小鼠有较好的保护作用,其机制可能是增加调节性T细胞比例,并减轻炎症损伤。
文摘目的探讨脂蛋白酯酶在compound K调节血脂水平中的作用。方法 36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组,除对照组外均给予高脂饮食,对照组和模型组给予生理盐水腹腔注射,compound K给药组分别给予compound K 1、3、9 mg/kg腹腔注射,GGPP组同时给予compound K 3、9 mg/kg GGPP。4周后处死动物,取样测定血脂、肝素后脂蛋白酯酶活性、脂蛋白酯酶表达水平等;培养大鼠肝细胞株BRL,分别给予compound K 3、10、30μmol/L处理12 h后,检测脂蛋白酯酶表达水平。结果与模型组比较,compound K 3、9 mg/kg组的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油显著降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肝素后血清脂蛋白酯酶活性和脂蛋白酯酶表达量显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性。体外细胞试验结果与动物实验一致。结论 compound K能够通过增加脂蛋白酯酶的表达和活性达到降低高脂饮食大鼠血清三酰甘油的作用,其机制与compound K激活肝X受体α相关。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21476182,21776227,21776228)Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials Program(2014SZS07-K04,2014SZS07-P05,15JS106,2014SZS07-Z01,2014SZS07-Z02,2016SZSj-35,2014SZS07-K03)Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering Program(2015HBGC-04)
文摘The rare ginsenoside Compound K （C-K） is attracting more attention because of its good physiological activity and urgent need. There are many pathways to obtain ginsenoside C-K, including chemical and biological methods. Among these, the conversion of PPD-type ginsenosides by enzymatic hydrolysis is a trend due to its high efficiency and mild conditions. For effectively extracting from the other panaxadiol saponins, the conversion process for ginsenoside C-K was investigated using snailases in this study. The univariate experimental design and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal hydrolysis conditions for the conversion of ginsenoside Rbl into ginsenoside C-K by snailases. The optimum conditions were as follows： pH 5,12, temperature 51 ℃, ratio of snailase/substrate 0.21, and reaction time 48 h. On the basis of these parameters, the addition of 1.0 mmol· L- 1 ferric ion was found to significantly improve the enzymolysis ofsnailases for the first time. With the above conditions, the maximum conversion rate reached 89.7%, suggesting that the process can obviously increase the yield of ginsenoside C-K. The bioassay tests indicated that the ginsenoside C-K showed anti-tumor activity in a series of tumor cell lines. Based on these results, we can conclude that the process of rare ginsenoside C- K production by enzymolysis with snailase is feasible, efficient, and suitable for the industrial production and application.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Nos.82074000 and 81903784)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1301200)+2 种基金the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023JJ4971)the Scientific Research Project of Furong Laboratory of Central South University(No.2023SK2083)the Scientific Research Project of Department of Education of Hunan Province(No.20K136).
文摘Many natural products can be bio-converted by the gut microbiota to influence pertinent efficiency.Ginsenoside compound K(GCK)is a potential anti-type 2 diabetes(T2D)saponin,which is mainly bio-transformed into protopanaxadiol(PPD)by the gut microbiota.Studies have shown that the gut microbiota between diabetic patients and healthy subjects are significantly different.Herein,we aimed to characterize the biotransformation of GCK mediated by the gut microbiota from diabetic patients and healthy subjects.Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing,the results indicated the bacterial profiles were considerably different between the two groups,especially Alistipes and Parabacteroides that increased in healthy subjects.The quantitative analysis of GCK and PPD showed that gut microbiota from the diabetic patients metabolized GCK slower than healthy subjects through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The selected strain A.finegoldi and P.merdae exhibited a different metabolic capability of GCK.In conclusion,the different biotransformation capacity for GCK may impact its anti-diabetic potency.
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(81503084,81330081,31200675,and 81173075)
文摘OBJECTIVE Ginsenoside metabolite compound K(CK)is a degradation product of ginsenoside in the intestine by bacteria.The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of CK have been reported.This study investigated whether CK exerted its immunoregulatory effect through modulation of dendritic cells(DCs)function.METHODS In vivo,severity of collegen-induced arthritis(CIA),T cells and DCs subsets,phenotype of DC were assayed by flow cytometry,CCL19 and CCL21 level in lymph nodes assayed by ELISA.In vitro,bone marrow-derived DCs from normal mice were matured with lipopolysaccharide and treated with CK for 48 h.In vivo,bone marrow-derived DCs were generated from CIA mice before and 2 weeks into CK treatment.DCs were analyzed for migration,phenotype and T-cell stimulatory capacity.RESULTS CK alleviated the severity of CIA,decreased pD Cs and mo-DCs,increased na?ve T cells in CIA mice lymph nodes,and suppressed CCL21 expression in lymph nodes.CK suppressed DCs migration induced by CCL21 and T cells-stimulatory capability of DC,down-regulated LPS-induced expression of CD80,CD86,MHCII and CCR7 on DCs.CONCLUSION This study elucidated the novel immunomodulatory property of CK via impairing function of DCs in priming T cells activation.These results provide an interesting novel insight into the potential mechanism by which CK contribute to the restoration of immunoregulation in autoimmune conditions.
