A late fall frost may significantly affect sugar crops’ stem sugar composition, yield and juice quality for biofuel and bioproduct manufacture. Research on the effects of late fall frost in sugarcane is well document...A late fall frost may significantly affect sugar crops’ stem sugar composition, yield and juice quality for biofuel and bioproduct manufacture. Research on the effects of late fall frost in sugarcane is well documented, but information is lacking for sweet sorghum. Three and six commercial cultivars of sugarcane and sweet sorghum, respectively, were selected and evaluated for exposure to a late fall frost (-2.8°C) in Griffin, Georgia, USA. Under the same controlled environmental conditions in a screen house, the late fall frost induced more damage to sugarcane than sweet sorghum stems. The frost caused damage to sugarcane tissue and for juice to exude from stems, whereas similar behavior was not observed for sweet sorghum. In both sugarcane and sweet sorghum, the glucose/fructose ratio was significantly reduced, but this change may not be totally directly related to the frost effect. Overall, these initial results suggest that sweet sorghum may have a better tolerance to fall frost than sugarcane. Two sweet sorghum cultivars, Grassl and M81E, responded well to the late fall frost, and they can possibly be used as feedstocks for biofuel/bioproduct manufacture in areas susceptible to frosts including northern regions of the Southeastern US.展开更多
Hafnium carbide(HfC)serves as a critical ablation-resistant coating for C/C composites used on the wing leading edges of high-speed vehicles during atmospheric re-entry[1-3].Under the action of high-temperature,oxidiz...Hafnium carbide(HfC)serves as a critical ablation-resistant coating for C/C composites used on the wing leading edges of high-speed vehicles during atmospheric re-entry[1-3].Under the action of high-temperature,oxidizing gas flow,the HfC coating forms a high-melting-point heterogeneous oxide layer,significantly delaying oxidation of the underlying material and preserving the structural integrity of the C/C composites[4].展开更多
We show that the lateral regularizations of the generator of any uniformly bounded set-valued composition Nemytskij operator acting in the spaces of functions of bounded variation in the sense of Riesz, with nonempty ...We show that the lateral regularizations of the generator of any uniformly bounded set-valued composition Nemytskij operator acting in the spaces of functions of bounded variation in the sense of Riesz, with nonempty bounded closed and convex values, are an affine function.展开更多
Wheat germ is reckoned valuable healthful functional food. The present investigation was performed to assess nutritional status of wheat biscuits and wheat germ fortified biscuits. Study included determination of gros...Wheat germ is reckoned valuable healthful functional food. The present investigation was performed to assess nutritional status of wheat biscuits and wheat germ fortified biscuits. Study included determination of gross chemical composition, caloric value, minerals (Mn, Ca, Fe, Cu, P, Na and K), vitamins (C, Folic acid, A, and E), and amino acid composition of wheat biscuits and 15%, 20% wheat germ fortified biscuits. Likewise physical and sensory characteristics of studied biscuits were assessed. The data revealed that 20% wheat germ fortified biscuits proved to be nutritious functional healthful food. It improved both physical, sensory characteristics and recorded the highest crude protein (12.20%), crude fiber (2%), and the least fat (9.63%), moisture (3.01%), and caloric value (436.31 Kcal/100g). While it recorded the highest Mn and Cu contents as well as increased vitamins C, Folic acid, A, and E. Besides, 20% wheat germ fortified biscuits increased all the eight essential amino acids contents resulting in an improvement of the nutritive value of wheat biscuits. Therefore it could be recommended for caloric reduced diets for obese and overweight persons. Likewise, it should be increasing interest as an ingredient in the industry as functional and healthy foods formulations as biscuits, bread and cakes.展开更多
Although animal proteins provide indispensable amino acids that the body requires for normal growth, maintenance and function, their expensiveness makes them unaffordable especially for most families in the developing...Although animal proteins provide indispensable amino acids that the body requires for normal growth, maintenance and function, their expensiveness makes them unaffordable especially for most families in the developing countries. This has given impetus to extensive research into under-utilized protein-rich oilseeds such as sorrel as possible alternate sources of good quality protein for tackling the challenge of protein-energy malnutrition which is fast becoming a global challenge. Sorrel seed may hold great potentials as a source of good quality protein, however the presence of hard seed coat, bitter after-taste and associated antinutritional factors have limited its use as protein supplement for humans and food ingredient. This study therefore compared the effect of dehulling sorrel seed to boiling, germination and roasting. This was with the aim of enhancing its utilization as protein source for human nutrition and functional ingredient in food product development. Flours obtained were analyzed for their proximate, mineral, antinutrient, amino and fatty acids composition;in vitro starch and protein digestibility, and functional and antioxidative properties. Protein content (ranged from 24.93% - 32.91%) significantly increased due to processing;dehulling alone accounted for a percentage increase of 32.01%. Similarly, dehulling increased all essential amino acids (except isoleucine and valine) at percentage which ranged from 3.63% - 61.17% whereas other processing methods caused significant reductions. Lysine, leucine, valine, arginine and phenylalanine were the most abundant essential amino acids, while methionine and cystine were the first and second limiting amino acids. Palmitic, linoleic, oleic and stearic acids were the most abundant fatty acids. Mineral composition was K > Ca > Mg > Na > Fe > Zn > Mn. Dehulled seed flour had highest in vitro protein digestibility (75.87%). Improved amino acid composition, antioxidative and functional properties of sorrel seed flour due to dehulling may indicate the potential of this flour to serve as a protein supplement and functional ingredient for food product development.展开更多
Objective The Altyn Tagh marks the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and lies between the Tarim block to the north and the Qaidam block,Qilian Orogen,and Kunlun orogenic belt to the south.The Altyn Tagh reg...Objective The Altyn Tagh marks the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and lies between the Tarim block to the north and the Qaidam block,Qilian Orogen,and Kunlun orogenic belt to the south.The Altyn Tagh region contains ophiolite,high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks,and igneous rocks.Previous research has virified the occurrence of continental rifting,subduction,slab roll-back,and collision between the Tarim block and Proto-Tethys oceanic plate.Moreover,Kaladaban volcanic rocks are mainly distributed in the north Altyn region.Studies of the magmatic evolution of this region have proposed that Altyn oceanic plate was subducted during the Ordovician(Han et al.,2012;Wang et al.,2017).However,the specific timing and other aspects of the subduction are debated,and an investigation of granite porphyry in the Kaladaban area would improve our understanding of this subduction event.In this study,we present new U-Pb zircon dating result and Sr-Nd isotope composition data for granite porphyry from the North Altyn region.The objective is to constrain the timing of subduction of the North Altyn oceanic plate and establish the petrogenesis and magma source of the granite porphyry.展开更多
A debris flow descending through an erodible convex colluvial bed,originating from a landslide dam and its upstream deposits,can entrain massive amounts of sediment,dramatically increasing the debris flow volume.Most ...A debris flow descending through an erodible convex colluvial bed,originating from a landslide dam and its upstream deposits,can entrain massive amounts of sediment,dramatically increasing the debris flow volume.Most existing erosion models assume that bed sediments are fully saturated,although this condition is rarely observed in nature.Therefore,a thorough understanding of debris flow overtopping erosion on a convex unsaturated bed is crucial for quantifying disaster risk.In this study,we experimentally investigated the effects of sediment composition,specifically coarse-grain size distribution and fine particle content,on the pore pressure evolution and entrainment of debris flows overriding a convex unsaturated colluvial bed.The average entrainment rate at convex sites for continuously graded bed sediment was higher than its discontinuous counterpart.The measured pore pressures within the unsaturated bed sediments were primarily generated by the passing debris flows.Furthermore,it was found that these pressures decreased as the fine particle content increased and the coarse-grain size of the erodible substrates decreased.When the coarse-grain size of the debris flow was smaller than that of the bed sediment,only a portion of the eroded material was entrained by the moving debris flow.In contrast,when the coarse-grain size of the debris flow was equal to or greater than that of the bed sediment,nearly all of the eroded material was entrained.The findings of this study could contribute to the assessment of hazard amplification and inform the design of mitigation and prevention strategies.展开更多
Understory plants are an integral part of forests,serving a variety of functions that help maintain healthy ecosystems.The structure and composition of the understory are influenced by numerous biotic and abiotic fact...Understory plants are an integral part of forests,serving a variety of functions that help maintain healthy ecosystems.The structure and composition of the understory are influenced by numerous biotic and abiotic factors,with light being critical.The introduction of the pathogen Cronartium ribicola,which causes white pine blister rust,into North America in the early 20 th century led to the near total loss of western white pine(Pinus monticola)from moist forests of the Northern Rockies.Management is reintroducing blister rust-resistant western white pine across the landscape,but the effects on the understory are unknown.We examined the effects of stand structure and proportion of western white pine in the overstory on understory diversity of vascular plants in closed canopy stands dominated by blister rust-resistant western white pine across northern Idaho.Habitat series explained the greatest amount of variation(34%)in species presence-absence,while canopy cover accounted for 25%,basal area of all trees for 18%,and the proportion of western white pine composition by 14%.Our analysis revealed positive relationships between the proportion of western white pine in the overstory and both the presence of understory plants and the cover of several understory species.For both the presence and cover,separate sets of thirteen species were found to have a positive relationship with the proportion of western white pine in the overstory,with eight species in common.This research fills a knowledge gap by using data from a range of stands across northern Idaho with varying abundance of western white pine in the overstory to evaluate the relationship between the understory and overstory composition.As land managers plant more western white pine trees,we are likely to see the concomitant increase in understory plant diversity across the landscape,in addition to numerous other benefits,including disturbance resistance and resilience.展开更多
Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited a...Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited attention has been paid to the composition and function of aerobic and facultative bacteria in this process. For analysis in this study, ten samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that had been immersed in seawater for diff erent periods (i.e., six months and eight years) at Sanya and Xiamen, China. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community structure as well as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed in both cases, while the proportion of facultative SRB among the isolated aerobic bacteria in each sample was also evaluated using a novel approach. Bacterial abundance results show that the proportions are related to sea location and immersion time;abundances of culturable aerobic bacteria (CAB) and SRB from Sanya were greater in most corrosion samples than those from Xiamen, and abundances of both bacterial groups were greater in samples immersed for six months than for eight years. A total of 213 isolates were obtained from all samples in terms of CAB community composition, and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the taxa comprised four phyla and 31 genera. Bacterial species composition is related to marine location;the results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 98.13% of the total, while Bacillus and Vibrio were the dominant genera, accounting for 53.06% of the total. An additional sixfacultative SRB strains were also screened from the isolates obtained and were found to encompass the genus Vibrio (four strains), Staphylococcus (one strain), and Photobacterium (one strain). It is noteworthy that mentions of Photobacterium species have so far been absent from the literature, both in terms of its membership of the SRB group and its relationship to corrosion.展开更多
In the northeastern United States, whole-tree harvesting is widely used to supply fuel to biomass energy facilities, but questions remain regarding its long-term sustainability. We have previously reported findings in...In the northeastern United States, whole-tree harvesting is widely used to supply fuel to biomass energy facilities, but questions remain regarding its long-term sustainability. We have previously reported findings indicating no short-term decrease in forest productivity in whole-tree harvested sites when compared with similar conventionally (stem-only) harvested sites. Here we present additional results of the same study, but focus on the effect harvest treatment has on the species composition of the regenerating forest. Within northern hardwood forests in central New Hampshire and western Maine, regeneration surveys were conducted on four (4) small clearcuts in 2010 and twenty-nine (29) small clearcuts in 2011. The species and diameter of trees > 2 m in height were recorded within 1 m or 2 m-radius plots and used to calculate the biomass fraction of each species. The 2010 study additionally measured the density of trees 2 m in height and the diversity of understory non-tree species. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and multi-response permutation procedures were used to determine the effect of harvest treatment had on community-wide tree species composition. Potential differences were also examined on a species-by-species basis. Both analytic methods indicated no significant differences in species composition of tree species or understory communities. Within the limits of our data, we conclude that no significant effects of residue removal on species composition are observed within our sample of northern hardwood sites at this early stage of stand development.展开更多
1.Introduction Multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs),with compositions in the central region of the multicomponent phase diagram,have been dubbed"high-entropy alloys"(HEAs)in recent years[1-11].A more genera...1.Introduction Multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs),with compositions in the central region of the multicomponent phase diagram,have been dubbed"high-entropy alloys"(HEAs)in recent years[1-11].A more general term currently accepted by the community for these MPEAs is complex concentrated alloys or compositionally complex alloys(CCAs)[12].These alloys are usually based on single-phase multi-principal element solid solutions,with no need or possibility to distinguish which species constitutes the solvent and which ones are solutes.This Viewpoint and Perspective article focuses on a salient feature in the internal structure of MPEAs,different from traditional metals and solvent-(dilute)solute solutions.Specifically,the unusual trait to be highlighted for these heavily concentrated solutions is their inherent chemical inhomogeneity on the nanoscale,in terms of the high propensity for compositional fluctuation and local chemical order.展开更多
Objective:Hypertension is a serious public health concern that is influenced by a variety of body composition parameters.This study examines the associations between body composition metrics and blood pressure(BP)in a...Objective:Hypertension is a serious public health concern that is influenced by a variety of body composition parameters.This study examines the associations between body composition metrics and blood pressure(BP)in a rural population,specifically how variations in body fat distribution and other metrics affect systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP).Methods:A cross-sectional study of 226 participants examined the relationships between body composition metrics—such as total body fat,visceral fat,and body mass index(BMI)—and BP.Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess these relationships.Results:The study found substantial positive correlations between visceral fat and total body fat with both SBP and DBP.Visceral fat was strongly connected with both SBP(r=0.145,P=0.030)and DBP(r=0.331,P<0.01),while total body fat was significantly correlated with DBP(r=0.268,P<0.01)but not SBP.Body composition variables explained 12.8% of the variance in SBP(R^(2)=0.128,P=0.001)and 15.0% in DBP(R^(2)=0.150,P<0.001).Conclusions:The study found substantial connections between body composition,particularly visceral and subcutaneous fat and systolic and DBP.Higher levels of visceral fat were linked to elevate BP.Body composition accounted for a significant amount of BP fluctuation.展开更多
Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors,including substrate quality,climate,edaphic environment,and decomposer communities.However,the role of canopy species identity and ...Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors,including substrate quality,climate,edaphic environment,and decomposer communities.However,the role of canopy species identity and diversity on leaf litter decomposition in forests remains understudied.By controlling for macroclimate,soil properties,and litter substrate in a mature common garden,we investigated whether a three-month tea bag incubation of standardized green and rooibos tea substrate is driven by canopy tree species characteristics and diversity.Our study hypothesized two primary pathways:a chemical engineering effect,where trees alter soil properties and decomposer communities through litter input,and a physical engineering effect,where tree canopy structure modulates the local microclimate.The results showed that even under uniform macroclimatic and initial soil conditions,mass loss rates varied widely for green tea(27.4%–73.2%)and rooibos tea(6.1%–34.7%),comparable as found in other research between distinct biomes.While substrate quality was the dominant factor,both engineering pathways and,to a minor extent,tree diversity modulated mass losses.For green tea,tree chemical and physical characteristics seemed equally important,while the physical environment showed an increased importance for rooibos.Incubation depth played a key role,where forest floor decomposition rates are more susceptible to temporal climate variations,and soil-layer decomposition rates are less susceptible to climate variations and more determined by tree species identity.Our findings suggest that tea bag experiments focusing solely on topsoil burial may underestimate processes in the forest floor and the mineralorganic boundary layer.This study underscores the critical role of litter substrate quality in decomposition while demonstrating that tree community composition and the associated herbaceous layer,through both chemical and physical engineering pathways,strongly modulate decomposition rates.展开更多
One of the research hotspots in geotechnical engineering is the solidification of problematic soil foundations. However, the traditional materials, such as Portland cement, lime, and various types of chemical solution...One of the research hotspots in geotechnical engineering is the solidification of problematic soil foundations. However, the traditional materials, such as Portland cement, lime, and various types of chemical solutions, typically cause CO_(2) emissions and environmental pollution. Geopolymer is a newly proposed method for soil solidification, offering an environmentally friendly and effective solution. Given that soils typically consist of diverse compositions, an optimal soil stabilization technique should be versatile enough to be applied across various soil types, ensuring consistent strength outcomes with minimal variations among different soil compositions. In this study, three commonly used geopolymers(fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and metakaolin) were utilized to stabilize silt, loess, silica sand, calcareous sand, and gravel, representing a diverse range of soils. The mechanical properties and microstructures of both geopolymers and geopolymerstabilized soils were analyzed. The findings indicated that the strength of stabilized coarse cohesionless soils was primarily influenced by the mechanical properties of the geopolymers themselves, with minimal impact from the inherent properties of the soil. However, the effectiveness of stabilizing cohesive soil may show significant discrepancies compared to the mechanical properties of geopolymer materials when certain types of geopolymers, like metakaolin, are employed. Higher strength is typically achieved through a denser structure(with fewer pores) and the presence of products with a higher degree of polymerization. Additionally, ground granulated blast-furnace slag exhibited excellent stability and superior strength when compared to other types of geopolymers. The present research establishes a basis for selecting geopolymers to stabilize a range of soils, including those with non-uniform compositions and diverse components.展开更多
This study evaluated the Cretaceous(Campanian–Maastrichtian) kaolinitic sediments of the Ajali/Mamu and Enugu/Nkporo Formations from the Lower Benue Trough of Nigeria. A combined method of inductively coupled plasma...This study evaluated the Cretaceous(Campanian–Maastrichtian) kaolinitic sediments of the Ajali/Mamu and Enugu/Nkporo Formations from the Lower Benue Trough of Nigeria. A combined method of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to investigate trace and rareearth element geochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions. These data were then used to infer the sediments' provenance and paleoclimatic conditions during their deposition. The sediments contained low concentrations of most trace elements, with the exceptions of Zr(651–1352 ppm), Ba(56–157 ppm), V(38–90 ppm),and Sr(15.1–59.6 ppm). Average values of Co and Ni were1.5 and 0.7 ppm, respectively. Trace and rare earth element values were lower than corresponding values for upper continental crust and Post-Archean Australian Shale, with the exception of Zr. The samples showed only slight light rare-earth enrichment and nearly flat heavy rare-earth depletion patterns, with negative Eu and Tm anomalies,typical of felsic sources. Geochemical parameters such as La/Sc, Th/Sc, and Th/Co ratios support that the kaolinitic sediments were derived from a felsic rock source, likely deposited in an oxic environment.^(18 )O values ranged from+ 15.4 to + 21.2% for the investigated samples, consistent with a residual material derived from chemicalweathering of felsic rock and redeposited in a sedimentary basin(typical values of + 19 to + 21.2%). While in the basin, the sediments experienced extended interactions with meteoric water enriched in d D and d16 O. However,the variation in d D and d16 O values for the investigated samples is attributed to the high temperature of formation(54–91 °C). The d D and d^(18 )O values suggest that the sediments, although obtained from different localities within the Lower Benue Trough, formed under similar hot,tropical climatic conditions.展开更多
Kalam Kohistan is a dry,temperate hilly region in the Hindu Raj Series of the Greater Hindu Kush Mountains with diverse forests.As plant distribution and composition is expression of a range of various environmental v...Kalam Kohistan is a dry,temperate hilly region in the Hindu Raj Series of the Greater Hindu Kush Mountains with diverse forests.As plant distribution and composition is expression of a range of various environmental variables,ecological and floristic attributes of vegetation in the Laikot Forests were therefore evaluated via consecutive explorative trips.These forests have not been evaluated ecologically before due to harsh climatic conditions and issues of accessibility and the study in hand is one of the first in its nature.Quantitative ecological techniques were used to sample forest vegetation and identify species in quadrats of 2 m×2 m for herbs,5 m×5 m for shrubs and 10 m×10 m for trees.All the data of 195 plant species and environmental factors were analyzed via Two-way Cluster Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis using PCORD and CANOCO software.Among 195 plant species from 63 families were 27 species of Asteraceae,the most-speciose family,followed by Poaceae(20 spp.).The dominant life form was therophyte(86 spp.;44%share),followed by phanerophyte(41 spp.;21%share).For the leaf size spectrum,most prevalent was nanophyll(73 spp.;44%)followed by microphyll(66 spp.,34%)and mesophyll(44 spp.;23%).Calcium carbonate,pH,potassium,sand,silt,organic matter,slope aspect and grazing significantly influenced species composition,distribution and habitat.The floristic variation in the region was diverse due to elevational and aspect gradients and thus devided into three zones.This vegetation zonation can be utilized for forest management,species and habitat conservation.Both in situ and ex situ conservation of threatened plant species may improve their conservation status in future if address properly.展开更多
Results on the composite generalized Laguerre-Legendre interpolation in unbounded domains are established. As an application,a composite Laguerre-Legendre pseudospectral scheme is presented for nonlinear Fokker-Planck...Results on the composite generalized Laguerre-Legendre interpolation in unbounded domains are established. As an application,a composite Laguerre-Legendre pseudospectral scheme is presented for nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations on the whole line. The convergence and the stability of the proposed scheme are proved. Numerical results show the efficiency of the scheme and conform well to theoretical analysis.展开更多
BACKGROUND In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer,chemotherapy may lead to changes in body composition,including skeletal muscle quantity and quality,and body fat area and distribution.Longitudinal follow-up da...BACKGROUND In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer,chemotherapy may lead to changes in body composition,including skeletal muscle quantity and quality,and body fat area and distribution.Longitudinal follow-up data in a homogeneous population are required to understand these changes better.AIM To comprehensively evaluate changes in body composition and their prognostic value in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing palliative chemo-therapy.METHODS This retrospective study included patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer who received palliative chemotherapy between 2008 and 2017.Computed tomography scans were analyzed at multiple time points(before each new chemotherapy regimen and after discontinuing all chemotherapy).Body composition was analyzed from each scan using artificial intelligence software(AID-UTM,iAID Inc.),and its association with survival was evaluated through time-dependent Cox regression to adjust for time-varying effects.RESULTS This analysis included 1805 patients,with a median age at diagnosis of 57 years,and 62%were male.At first-line chemotherapy initiation,4.7%,30.9%,36.5%,and 37.1%of the patients had sarcopenia,myosteatosis,and visceral and subcutaneous obesity,respectively.During treatment,approximately 54.5%of the patients experienced significant changes in body composition,with 9.1%and 19.2%developing new sarcopenia and myosteatosis,respectively.Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were associated with poorer survival outcomes[hazard ratio(HR)for sarcopenia,2.55(95%CI:2.06-3.16,P<0.001;HR for myosteatosis,2.37(95%CI:2.00-2.82),P<0.001].In contrast,visceral and subcutaneous obesity were associated with improved survival[HR for visceral obesity,0.69(95%CI:0.57-0.82),P<0.001;HR for subcutaneous obesity,0.78(95%CI:0.64-0.95),P=0.015],with no negative impacts observed at higher fat levels.These changes correlated with end-of-life survival time.CONCLUSION Abnormalities and body composition changes were frequently observed during palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer;myosteatosis was common.Comprehensive body composition assessment offers valuable prognostic insights without requiring additional testing.展开更多
The source of ore\|forming materials has long been a controversial focus both in metallogenic theory and in ore\|searching practice. This study deals with the helium and argon isotopic characteristics of pyrites from ...The source of ore\|forming materials has long been a controversial focus both in metallogenic theory and in ore\|searching practice. This study deals with the helium and argon isotopic characteristics of pyrites from 11 gold deposits and some country rocks in the gold mineralization\|concentrated areas within the three mantle\|branch structures in the region of North Hebei Province. It is indicated that \{\}\+3He/\+4He ratios in the gold deposits are within the range of \{0.93×10\+\{-6\}\}-\{7.3×10\+\{-6\}\}, with an average of \{3.55\} ×10\+\{-6\}; R/Ra=\{0.66\}-\{4.93\}, averaging \{2.53\}; \{\{\}\+\{40\}Ar/\+\{39\}Ar\} ratios vary between 426 and 2073, with the average value of \{\}\+\{40\}Ar being \{8.32\}; and the average of \{\}\+4He/\{\}\+\{40\}Ar ratios is 2.17. \{\}\+3He/ \{\}\+4He ratios in gneiss and granite in the periphery of the mining district are within the range of \{0.001×10\+\{-6\}\}-\{0.55×10\+\{-6\}\}, reflecting significant differences in their sources. \{\}\+3He and \{\}\+4He fall near the mantle, as is shown in the He concentration diagram. Studies have shown that the ore\|forming materials in this region should come from the deep interior of the Earth. With the multi\|stage evolution of mantle plume, ore\|forming fluids in the deep interior were moving upwards to shallow levels (crust). Under such circumstances, there would be inevitably occur crust/mantle fluid mixing, so their noble gas isotopic characteristics are intermediate between the mantle and the crust.展开更多
This study describes a previously unidentified Neoproterozoic mafic dyke emplaced in the northern flank of the Langshan Tectonic Belt. This dyke intruded into the micaquartz schist of the Zhaertaishan Group, and yield...This study describes a previously unidentified Neoproterozoic mafic dyke emplaced in the northern flank of the Langshan Tectonic Belt. This dyke intruded into the micaquartz schist of the Zhaertaishan Group, and yielded an age of 908 ± 8 Ma. The youngest U-Pb ages of micaquartz schist from the Zhaertaishan Group in the Langshan area were 1118 ± 33 Ma,1187 ± 3 Ma and 1189 ± 39 Ma,suggesting that the depositional age of the protolith of the schist was between 908 ± 8 Ma and 1118 ± 33 Ma. In addition, 436 U-Pb age data and 155 Lu-Hf isotopic data from six samples in the Langshan Tectonic Belt and one Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area show distinct differences between the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area. The U-Pb ages of the northern flank are primarily Meso-Neoproterozoic; similar ages have not been identified in the southern flank to date.Moreover, two-stage Hf model ages of the northern flank feature three age peaks at ～900 Ma,～1700 Ma and ～2600 Ma; this differs from Hf model ages of the southern flank, which feature one strong age peak at ～2700 Ma. These results suggest that the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area have different geochronologic characteristics and should be divided further. Based on the U-Pb ages and Hf model ages, the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area are named the North and South Langshan Tectonic Belts. Comparison of the U-Pb age and two-stage Hf model age distributions from the North Langshan Tectonic Belt, South Langshan Tectonic Belt, Alxa Block and the North China Craton(NCC) reveal that the North Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the Alxa Block and that the South Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the NCC. In addition, the zircon U-Pb age of 860 ±7 Ma commonly observed in the Alxa Block was detected in the Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area of the NCC, which suggests that the amalgamation of the North and South Langshan Tectonic belts(i.e.,the amalgamation of the Alxa Block and the NCC), occurred between Devonian and late Permian.展开更多
文摘A late fall frost may significantly affect sugar crops’ stem sugar composition, yield and juice quality for biofuel and bioproduct manufacture. Research on the effects of late fall frost in sugarcane is well documented, but information is lacking for sweet sorghum. Three and six commercial cultivars of sugarcane and sweet sorghum, respectively, were selected and evaluated for exposure to a late fall frost (-2.8°C) in Griffin, Georgia, USA. Under the same controlled environmental conditions in a screen house, the late fall frost induced more damage to sugarcane than sweet sorghum stems. The frost caused damage to sugarcane tissue and for juice to exude from stems, whereas similar behavior was not observed for sweet sorghum. In both sugarcane and sweet sorghum, the glucose/fructose ratio was significantly reduced, but this change may not be totally directly related to the frost effect. Overall, these initial results suggest that sweet sorghum may have a better tolerance to fall frost than sugarcane. Two sweet sorghum cultivars, Grassl and M81E, responded well to the late fall frost, and they can possibly be used as feedstocks for biofuel/bioproduct manufacture in areas susceptible to frosts including northern regions of the Southeastern US.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52302115,52231004)。
文摘Hafnium carbide(HfC)serves as a critical ablation-resistant coating for C/C composites used on the wing leading edges of high-speed vehicles during atmospheric re-entry[1-3].Under the action of high-temperature,oxidizing gas flow,the HfC coating forms a high-melting-point heterogeneous oxide layer,significantly delaying oxidation of the underlying material and preserving the structural integrity of the C/C composites[4].
文摘We show that the lateral regularizations of the generator of any uniformly bounded set-valued composition Nemytskij operator acting in the spaces of functions of bounded variation in the sense of Riesz, with nonempty bounded closed and convex values, are an affine function.
文摘Wheat germ is reckoned valuable healthful functional food. The present investigation was performed to assess nutritional status of wheat biscuits and wheat germ fortified biscuits. Study included determination of gross chemical composition, caloric value, minerals (Mn, Ca, Fe, Cu, P, Na and K), vitamins (C, Folic acid, A, and E), and amino acid composition of wheat biscuits and 15%, 20% wheat germ fortified biscuits. Likewise physical and sensory characteristics of studied biscuits were assessed. The data revealed that 20% wheat germ fortified biscuits proved to be nutritious functional healthful food. It improved both physical, sensory characteristics and recorded the highest crude protein (12.20%), crude fiber (2%), and the least fat (9.63%), moisture (3.01%), and caloric value (436.31 Kcal/100g). While it recorded the highest Mn and Cu contents as well as increased vitamins C, Folic acid, A, and E. Besides, 20% wheat germ fortified biscuits increased all the eight essential amino acids contents resulting in an improvement of the nutritive value of wheat biscuits. Therefore it could be recommended for caloric reduced diets for obese and overweight persons. Likewise, it should be increasing interest as an ingredient in the industry as functional and healthy foods formulations as biscuits, bread and cakes.
文摘Although animal proteins provide indispensable amino acids that the body requires for normal growth, maintenance and function, their expensiveness makes them unaffordable especially for most families in the developing countries. This has given impetus to extensive research into under-utilized protein-rich oilseeds such as sorrel as possible alternate sources of good quality protein for tackling the challenge of protein-energy malnutrition which is fast becoming a global challenge. Sorrel seed may hold great potentials as a source of good quality protein, however the presence of hard seed coat, bitter after-taste and associated antinutritional factors have limited its use as protein supplement for humans and food ingredient. This study therefore compared the effect of dehulling sorrel seed to boiling, germination and roasting. This was with the aim of enhancing its utilization as protein source for human nutrition and functional ingredient in food product development. Flours obtained were analyzed for their proximate, mineral, antinutrient, amino and fatty acids composition;in vitro starch and protein digestibility, and functional and antioxidative properties. Protein content (ranged from 24.93% - 32.91%) significantly increased due to processing;dehulling alone accounted for a percentage increase of 32.01%. Similarly, dehulling increased all essential amino acids (except isoleucine and valine) at percentage which ranged from 3.63% - 61.17% whereas other processing methods caused significant reductions. Lysine, leucine, valine, arginine and phenylalanine were the most abundant essential amino acids, while methionine and cystine were the first and second limiting amino acids. Palmitic, linoleic, oleic and stearic acids were the most abundant fatty acids. Mineral composition was K > Ca > Mg > Na > Fe > Zn > Mn. Dehulled seed flour had highest in vitro protein digestibility (75.87%). Improved amino acid composition, antioxidative and functional properties of sorrel seed flour due to dehulling may indicate the potential of this flour to serve as a protein supplement and functional ingredient for food product development.
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC0603704)a Geological Survey Project of the China Geological Survey(DD20160050).
文摘Objective The Altyn Tagh marks the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and lies between the Tarim block to the north and the Qaidam block,Qilian Orogen,and Kunlun orogenic belt to the south.The Altyn Tagh region contains ophiolite,high-to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks,and igneous rocks.Previous research has virified the occurrence of continental rifting,subduction,slab roll-back,and collision between the Tarim block and Proto-Tethys oceanic plate.Moreover,Kaladaban volcanic rocks are mainly distributed in the north Altyn region.Studies of the magmatic evolution of this region have proposed that Altyn oceanic plate was subducted during the Ordovician(Han et al.,2012;Wang et al.,2017).However,the specific timing and other aspects of the subduction are debated,and an investigation of granite porphyry in the Kaladaban area would improve our understanding of this subduction event.In this study,we present new U-Pb zircon dating result and Sr-Nd isotope composition data for granite porphyry from the North Altyn region.The objective is to constrain the timing of subduction of the North Altyn oceanic plate and establish the petrogenesis and magma source of the granite porphyry.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1505205)the Science and Technology Research Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.IMHE-ZDRW-01)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024NSFSC0781).
文摘A debris flow descending through an erodible convex colluvial bed,originating from a landslide dam and its upstream deposits,can entrain massive amounts of sediment,dramatically increasing the debris flow volume.Most existing erosion models assume that bed sediments are fully saturated,although this condition is rarely observed in nature.Therefore,a thorough understanding of debris flow overtopping erosion on a convex unsaturated bed is crucial for quantifying disaster risk.In this study,we experimentally investigated the effects of sediment composition,specifically coarse-grain size distribution and fine particle content,on the pore pressure evolution and entrainment of debris flows overriding a convex unsaturated colluvial bed.The average entrainment rate at convex sites for continuously graded bed sediment was higher than its discontinuous counterpart.The measured pore pressures within the unsaturated bed sediments were primarily generated by the passing debris flows.Furthermore,it was found that these pressures decreased as the fine particle content increased and the coarse-grain size of the erodible substrates decreased.When the coarse-grain size of the debris flow was smaller than that of the bed sediment,only a portion of the eroded material was entrained by the moving debris flow.In contrast,when the coarse-grain size of the debris flow was equal to or greater than that of the bed sediment,nearly all of the eroded material was entrained.The findings of this study could contribute to the assessment of hazard amplification and inform the design of mitigation and prevention strategies.
基金supported by the United States Department of Agriculture,Forest Service,Rocky Mountain Research Station through Research Joint Venture Agreement 17–098Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Region。
文摘Understory plants are an integral part of forests,serving a variety of functions that help maintain healthy ecosystems.The structure and composition of the understory are influenced by numerous biotic and abiotic factors,with light being critical.The introduction of the pathogen Cronartium ribicola,which causes white pine blister rust,into North America in the early 20 th century led to the near total loss of western white pine(Pinus monticola)from moist forests of the Northern Rockies.Management is reintroducing blister rust-resistant western white pine across the landscape,but the effects on the understory are unknown.We examined the effects of stand structure and proportion of western white pine in the overstory on understory diversity of vascular plants in closed canopy stands dominated by blister rust-resistant western white pine across northern Idaho.Habitat series explained the greatest amount of variation(34%)in species presence-absence,while canopy cover accounted for 25%,basal area of all trees for 18%,and the proportion of western white pine composition by 14%.Our analysis revealed positive relationships between the proportion of western white pine in the overstory and both the presence of understory plants and the cover of several understory species.For both the presence and cover,separate sets of thirteen species were found to have a positive relationship with the proportion of western white pine in the overstory,with eight species in common.This research fills a knowledge gap by using data from a range of stands across northern Idaho with varying abundance of western white pine in the overstory to evaluate the relationship between the understory and overstory composition.As land managers plant more western white pine trees,we are likely to see the concomitant increase in understory plant diversity across the landscape,in addition to numerous other benefits,including disturbance resistance and resilience.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB643304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41576080)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(No.2018GHY115003)
文摘Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited attention has been paid to the composition and function of aerobic and facultative bacteria in this process. For analysis in this study, ten samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that had been immersed in seawater for diff erent periods (i.e., six months and eight years) at Sanya and Xiamen, China. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community structure as well as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed in both cases, while the proportion of facultative SRB among the isolated aerobic bacteria in each sample was also evaluated using a novel approach. Bacterial abundance results show that the proportions are related to sea location and immersion time;abundances of culturable aerobic bacteria (CAB) and SRB from Sanya were greater in most corrosion samples than those from Xiamen, and abundances of both bacterial groups were greater in samples immersed for six months than for eight years. A total of 213 isolates were obtained from all samples in terms of CAB community composition, and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the taxa comprised four phyla and 31 genera. Bacterial species composition is related to marine location;the results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 98.13% of the total, while Bacillus and Vibrio were the dominant genera, accounting for 53.06% of the total. An additional sixfacultative SRB strains were also screened from the isolates obtained and were found to encompass the genus Vibrio (four strains), Staphylococcus (one strain), and Photobacterium (one strain). It is noteworthy that mentions of Photobacterium species have so far been absent from the literature, both in terms of its membership of the SRB group and its relationship to corrosion.
文摘In the northeastern United States, whole-tree harvesting is widely used to supply fuel to biomass energy facilities, but questions remain regarding its long-term sustainability. We have previously reported findings indicating no short-term decrease in forest productivity in whole-tree harvested sites when compared with similar conventionally (stem-only) harvested sites. Here we present additional results of the same study, but focus on the effect harvest treatment has on the species composition of the regenerating forest. Within northern hardwood forests in central New Hampshire and western Maine, regeneration surveys were conducted on four (4) small clearcuts in 2010 and twenty-nine (29) small clearcuts in 2011. The species and diameter of trees > 2 m in height were recorded within 1 m or 2 m-radius plots and used to calculate the biomass fraction of each species. The 2010 study additionally measured the density of trees 2 m in height and the diversity of understory non-tree species. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and multi-response permutation procedures were used to determine the effect of harvest treatment had on community-wide tree species composition. Potential differences were also examined on a species-by-species basis. Both analytic methods indicated no significant differences in species composition of tree species or understory communities. Within the limits of our data, we conclude that no significant effects of residue removal on species composition are observed within our sample of northern hardwood sites at this early stage of stand development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52231001)Evan Ma and Jun Ding also acknowledge XJTU for hosting their research at the Center for Alloy Innovation and Design(CAID).
文摘1.Introduction Multi-principal element alloys(MPEAs),with compositions in the central region of the multicomponent phase diagram,have been dubbed"high-entropy alloys"(HEAs)in recent years[1-11].A more general term currently accepted by the community for these MPEAs is complex concentrated alloys or compositionally complex alloys(CCAs)[12].These alloys are usually based on single-phase multi-principal element solid solutions,with no need or possibility to distinguish which species constitutes the solvent and which ones are solutes.This Viewpoint and Perspective article focuses on a salient feature in the internal structure of MPEAs,different from traditional metals and solvent-(dilute)solute solutions.Specifically,the unusual trait to be highlighted for these heavily concentrated solutions is their inherent chemical inhomogeneity on the nanoscale,in terms of the high propensity for compositional fluctuation and local chemical order.
基金supported by Universitas Advent Indonesia(No.067/EKS-SU/V/24 and 389/KEPK-FIK.UNAI/EC/V/24)。
文摘Objective:Hypertension is a serious public health concern that is influenced by a variety of body composition parameters.This study examines the associations between body composition metrics and blood pressure(BP)in a rural population,specifically how variations in body fat distribution and other metrics affect systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP).Methods:A cross-sectional study of 226 participants examined the relationships between body composition metrics—such as total body fat,visceral fat,and body mass index(BMI)—and BP.Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess these relationships.Results:The study found substantial positive correlations between visceral fat and total body fat with both SBP and DBP.Visceral fat was strongly connected with both SBP(r=0.145,P=0.030)and DBP(r=0.331,P<0.01),while total body fat was significantly correlated with DBP(r=0.268,P<0.01)but not SBP.Body composition variables explained 12.8% of the variance in SBP(R^(2)=0.128,P=0.001)and 15.0% in DBP(R^(2)=0.150,P<0.001).Conclusions:The study found substantial connections between body composition,particularly visceral and subcutaneous fat and systolic and DBP.Higher levels of visceral fat were linked to elevate BP.Body composition accounted for a significant amount of BP fluctuation.
基金funded by the Global PhD Scholarship between KU Leuven and UCLouvain。
文摘Litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem process influenced by multiple factors,including substrate quality,climate,edaphic environment,and decomposer communities.However,the role of canopy species identity and diversity on leaf litter decomposition in forests remains understudied.By controlling for macroclimate,soil properties,and litter substrate in a mature common garden,we investigated whether a three-month tea bag incubation of standardized green and rooibos tea substrate is driven by canopy tree species characteristics and diversity.Our study hypothesized two primary pathways:a chemical engineering effect,where trees alter soil properties and decomposer communities through litter input,and a physical engineering effect,where tree canopy structure modulates the local microclimate.The results showed that even under uniform macroclimatic and initial soil conditions,mass loss rates varied widely for green tea(27.4%–73.2%)and rooibos tea(6.1%–34.7%),comparable as found in other research between distinct biomes.While substrate quality was the dominant factor,both engineering pathways and,to a minor extent,tree diversity modulated mass losses.For green tea,tree chemical and physical characteristics seemed equally important,while the physical environment showed an increased importance for rooibos.Incubation depth played a key role,where forest floor decomposition rates are more susceptible to temporal climate variations,and soil-layer decomposition rates are less susceptible to climate variations and more determined by tree species identity.Our findings suggest that tea bag experiments focusing solely on topsoil burial may underestimate processes in the forest floor and the mineralorganic boundary layer.This study underscores the critical role of litter substrate quality in decomposition while demonstrating that tree community composition and the associated herbaceous layer,through both chemical and physical engineering pathways,strongly modulate decomposition rates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52308352)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos.20242BAB25299,20232BAB214082)。
文摘One of the research hotspots in geotechnical engineering is the solidification of problematic soil foundations. However, the traditional materials, such as Portland cement, lime, and various types of chemical solutions, typically cause CO_(2) emissions and environmental pollution. Geopolymer is a newly proposed method for soil solidification, offering an environmentally friendly and effective solution. Given that soils typically consist of diverse compositions, an optimal soil stabilization technique should be versatile enough to be applied across various soil types, ensuring consistent strength outcomes with minimal variations among different soil compositions. In this study, three commonly used geopolymers(fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and metakaolin) were utilized to stabilize silt, loess, silica sand, calcareous sand, and gravel, representing a diverse range of soils. The mechanical properties and microstructures of both geopolymers and geopolymerstabilized soils were analyzed. The findings indicated that the strength of stabilized coarse cohesionless soils was primarily influenced by the mechanical properties of the geopolymers themselves, with minimal impact from the inherent properties of the soil. However, the effectiveness of stabilizing cohesive soil may show significant discrepancies compared to the mechanical properties of geopolymer materials when certain types of geopolymers, like metakaolin, are employed. Higher strength is typically achieved through a denser structure(with fewer pores) and the presence of products with a higher degree of polymerization. Additionally, ground granulated blast-furnace slag exhibited excellent stability and superior strength when compared to other types of geopolymers. The present research establishes a basis for selecting geopolymers to stabilize a range of soils, including those with non-uniform compositions and diverse components.
文摘This study evaluated the Cretaceous(Campanian–Maastrichtian) kaolinitic sediments of the Ajali/Mamu and Enugu/Nkporo Formations from the Lower Benue Trough of Nigeria. A combined method of inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry and isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to investigate trace and rareearth element geochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions. These data were then used to infer the sediments' provenance and paleoclimatic conditions during their deposition. The sediments contained low concentrations of most trace elements, with the exceptions of Zr(651–1352 ppm), Ba(56–157 ppm), V(38–90 ppm),and Sr(15.1–59.6 ppm). Average values of Co and Ni were1.5 and 0.7 ppm, respectively. Trace and rare earth element values were lower than corresponding values for upper continental crust and Post-Archean Australian Shale, with the exception of Zr. The samples showed only slight light rare-earth enrichment and nearly flat heavy rare-earth depletion patterns, with negative Eu and Tm anomalies,typical of felsic sources. Geochemical parameters such as La/Sc, Th/Sc, and Th/Co ratios support that the kaolinitic sediments were derived from a felsic rock source, likely deposited in an oxic environment.^(18 )O values ranged from+ 15.4 to + 21.2% for the investigated samples, consistent with a residual material derived from chemicalweathering of felsic rock and redeposited in a sedimentary basin(typical values of + 19 to + 21.2%). While in the basin, the sediments experienced extended interactions with meteoric water enriched in d D and d16 O. However,the variation in d D and d16 O values for the investigated samples is attributed to the high temperature of formation(54–91 °C). The d D and d^(18 )O values suggest that the sediments, although obtained from different localities within the Lower Benue Trough, formed under similar hot,tropical climatic conditions.
文摘Kalam Kohistan is a dry,temperate hilly region in the Hindu Raj Series of the Greater Hindu Kush Mountains with diverse forests.As plant distribution and composition is expression of a range of various environmental variables,ecological and floristic attributes of vegetation in the Laikot Forests were therefore evaluated via consecutive explorative trips.These forests have not been evaluated ecologically before due to harsh climatic conditions and issues of accessibility and the study in hand is one of the first in its nature.Quantitative ecological techniques were used to sample forest vegetation and identify species in quadrats of 2 m×2 m for herbs,5 m×5 m for shrubs and 10 m×10 m for trees.All the data of 195 plant species and environmental factors were analyzed via Two-way Cluster Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis using PCORD and CANOCO software.Among 195 plant species from 63 families were 27 species of Asteraceae,the most-speciose family,followed by Poaceae(20 spp.).The dominant life form was therophyte(86 spp.;44%share),followed by phanerophyte(41 spp.;21%share).For the leaf size spectrum,most prevalent was nanophyll(73 spp.;44%)followed by microphyll(66 spp.,34%)and mesophyll(44 spp.;23%).Calcium carbonate,pH,potassium,sand,silt,organic matter,slope aspect and grazing significantly influenced species composition,distribution and habitat.The floristic variation in the region was diverse due to elevational and aspect gradients and thus devided into three zones.This vegetation zonation can be utilized for forest management,species and habitat conservation.Both in situ and ex situ conservation of threatened plant species may improve their conservation status in future if address properly.
文摘Results on the composite generalized Laguerre-Legendre interpolation in unbounded domains are established. As an application,a composite Laguerre-Legendre pseudospectral scheme is presented for nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations on the whole line. The convergence and the stability of the proposed scheme are proved. Numerical results show the efficiency of the scheme and conform well to theoretical analysis.
基金Supported by the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute,by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea,No.RS-2018-KH049509the 2022 Cancer Research Support Project from the Korea Foundation for Cancer Research,No.CB-2022-A-3.
文摘BACKGROUND In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer,chemotherapy may lead to changes in body composition,including skeletal muscle quantity and quality,and body fat area and distribution.Longitudinal follow-up data in a homogeneous population are required to understand these changes better.AIM To comprehensively evaluate changes in body composition and their prognostic value in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing palliative chemo-therapy.METHODS This retrospective study included patients with recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer who received palliative chemotherapy between 2008 and 2017.Computed tomography scans were analyzed at multiple time points(before each new chemotherapy regimen and after discontinuing all chemotherapy).Body composition was analyzed from each scan using artificial intelligence software(AID-UTM,iAID Inc.),and its association with survival was evaluated through time-dependent Cox regression to adjust for time-varying effects.RESULTS This analysis included 1805 patients,with a median age at diagnosis of 57 years,and 62%were male.At first-line chemotherapy initiation,4.7%,30.9%,36.5%,and 37.1%of the patients had sarcopenia,myosteatosis,and visceral and subcutaneous obesity,respectively.During treatment,approximately 54.5%of the patients experienced significant changes in body composition,with 9.1%and 19.2%developing new sarcopenia and myosteatosis,respectively.Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were associated with poorer survival outcomes[hazard ratio(HR)for sarcopenia,2.55(95%CI:2.06-3.16,P<0.001;HR for myosteatosis,2.37(95%CI:2.00-2.82),P<0.001].In contrast,visceral and subcutaneous obesity were associated with improved survival[HR for visceral obesity,0.69(95%CI:0.57-0.82),P<0.001;HR for subcutaneous obesity,0.78(95%CI:0.64-0.95),P=0.015],with no negative impacts observed at higher fat levels.These changes correlated with end-of-life survival time.CONCLUSION Abnormalities and body composition changes were frequently observed during palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer;myosteatosis was common.Comprehensive body composition assessment offers valuable prognostic insights without requiring additional testing.
文摘The source of ore\|forming materials has long been a controversial focus both in metallogenic theory and in ore\|searching practice. This study deals with the helium and argon isotopic characteristics of pyrites from 11 gold deposits and some country rocks in the gold mineralization\|concentrated areas within the three mantle\|branch structures in the region of North Hebei Province. It is indicated that \{\}\+3He/\+4He ratios in the gold deposits are within the range of \{0.93×10\+\{-6\}\}-\{7.3×10\+\{-6\}\}, with an average of \{3.55\} ×10\+\{-6\}; R/Ra=\{0.66\}-\{4.93\}, averaging \{2.53\}; \{\{\}\+\{40\}Ar/\+\{39\}Ar\} ratios vary between 426 and 2073, with the average value of \{\}\+\{40\}Ar being \{8.32\}; and the average of \{\}\+4He/\{\}\+\{40\}Ar ratios is 2.17. \{\}\+3He/ \{\}\+4He ratios in gneiss and granite in the periphery of the mining district are within the range of \{0.001×10\+\{-6\}\}-\{0.55×10\+\{-6\}\}, reflecting significant differences in their sources. \{\}\+3He and \{\}\+4He fall near the mantle, as is shown in the He concentration diagram. Studies have shown that the ore\|forming materials in this region should come from the deep interior of the Earth. With the multi\|stage evolution of mantle plume, ore\|forming fluids in the deep interior were moving upwards to shallow levels (crust). Under such circumstances, there would be inevitably occur crust/mantle fluid mixing, so their noble gas isotopic characteristics are intermediate between the mantle and the crust.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41473015)a research grant from the Institute of Crustal Dynamics, CEA (ZDJ2014-02+2 种基金 ZDJ2017-05)the Tutor Foundation of the China University of Geosciences (Beijing) (Grant No. 53200859400)the China Geological Survey Projects (Grant Nos. 12120114041401 and 12120113015700)
文摘This study describes a previously unidentified Neoproterozoic mafic dyke emplaced in the northern flank of the Langshan Tectonic Belt. This dyke intruded into the micaquartz schist of the Zhaertaishan Group, and yielded an age of 908 ± 8 Ma. The youngest U-Pb ages of micaquartz schist from the Zhaertaishan Group in the Langshan area were 1118 ± 33 Ma,1187 ± 3 Ma and 1189 ± 39 Ma,suggesting that the depositional age of the protolith of the schist was between 908 ± 8 Ma and 1118 ± 33 Ma. In addition, 436 U-Pb age data and 155 Lu-Hf isotopic data from six samples in the Langshan Tectonic Belt and one Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area show distinct differences between the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area. The U-Pb ages of the northern flank are primarily Meso-Neoproterozoic; similar ages have not been identified in the southern flank to date.Moreover, two-stage Hf model ages of the northern flank feature three age peaks at ～900 Ma,～1700 Ma and ～2600 Ma; this differs from Hf model ages of the southern flank, which feature one strong age peak at ～2700 Ma. These results suggest that the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area have different geochronologic characteristics and should be divided further. Based on the U-Pb ages and Hf model ages, the northern and southern flanks of the Main Langshan area are named the North and South Langshan Tectonic Belts. Comparison of the U-Pb age and two-stage Hf model age distributions from the North Langshan Tectonic Belt, South Langshan Tectonic Belt, Alxa Block and the North China Craton(NCC) reveal that the North Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the Alxa Block and that the South Langshan Tectonic Belt is similar to the NCC. In addition, the zircon U-Pb age of 860 ±7 Ma commonly observed in the Alxa Block was detected in the Permian greywacke from the Wuhai area of the NCC, which suggests that the amalgamation of the North and South Langshan Tectonic belts(i.e.,the amalgamation of the Alxa Block and the NCC), occurred between Devonian and late Permian.
