This article presents a new method to calculate the composition differences （e） for tar g.etin.g the minimum total annualized cost （TAC） of a mass exchange network （MEN）,which is based on the combination of comp...This article presents a new method to calculate the composition differences （e） for tar g.etin.g the minimum total annualized cost （TAC） of a mass exchange network （MEN）,which is based on the combination of composition interval diagram （CID） with mathematical programming.The total cost target consists of the capital cost of the process units and the operating cost for mass separating agents （MS.As）. The value of total cost varies considerablv with the composition differences, so the values of e should be optimized in order to obtain minimum TAC of a MEN. This articleconsiders ε as a set of unequal variables for each equilibrium equation of a rich-lean stream pair, employing them to build the CID and mathematical model, which optimizes the structure and composition differences simultaneously. Two examples are applied to illustrate the proposed method and the results demonstrate that the approach introduced by this article is simpler and more convenient than the methods in previous literatures.展开更多
To compare the inorganic chemical compositions of TSP（total suspended paniculate）,PM10（particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm） and PM2.5（particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter l...To compare the inorganic chemical compositions of TSP（total suspended paniculate）,PM10（particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm） and PM2.5（particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm） in southern and northern cities in China,atmospheric particles were synchronously collected in Dalian（the northern city）and Xiamen（the southern city） in spring and autumn of 2004.The mass concentrations,twenty-three elements and nine soluble ions were assessed.The results show that in Dalian,the mass concentrations of Mg,Al,Ca,Mn and Fe in spring were 4.0-10.1,2.6-8.0,4.1-12,1.2-3.6 and 2.9-7.9 times higher,respectively,than those in Xiamen.The dust storm influence is more obvious in Dalian in spring.However,in Xiamen,heavy metals accounted for 13.9%-17.9%of TSP,while heavy metals contributed to 5.5%-9.3%of TSP in Dalian.These concentrations suggest that heavy metal pollution in Xiamen was more serious.In addition,the concentrations of Na＋,Cl-,Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ were higher in Dalian due to the influence of marine aerosol,construction activities and soil dust.The NO3-/SO42- ratios in Dalian（0.25-0.49） were lower than those in Xiamen（0.51-0.62）,indicating that the contributions of vehicle emission to particles in Xiamen were higher.Coefficient of divergence values was higher than 0.40,implying that the inorganic chemical composition profiles for the particles of Dalian and Xiamen were quite different from each other.展开更多
TiCx/Cu composites were fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot press technology. Using XRD, SEM, EDS, FESEM analysis methods, the effects of various carbon sources and different Cu contents on the microstructures ...TiCx/Cu composites were fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot press technology. Using XRD, SEM, EDS, FESEM analysis methods, the effects of various carbon sources and different Cu contents on the microstructures of TiCx/Cu composites and the size of TiCx particles were investigated. Results showed that TiCx reinforcing particles size increases with decreasing Cu content in Cu-Ti-C reaction system. With carbon nanotubes（carbon black） serving as carbon source, the generated TiCx particles size transits from nanometer to submicron when Cu content corresponding to the reaction system is reduced to 60 vol%（70 vol%）; while graphite serves as carbon source, there is no clear limiting concentration. C particles with smaller size, larger specific surface area and better distribution result in finer TiCx particles, which is more beneficial to generating nano-sized TiCx/Cu composites.展开更多
InAs1-xSbx with different compositions is grown by molecular beam epitaxy on （100）-oriented semi-insulating GaAs substrates. The increase of Sb content in the epilayer results in the deterioration of crystal quality...InAs1-xSbx with different compositions is grown by molecular beam epitaxy on （100）-oriented semi-insulating GaAs substrates. The increase of Sb content in the epilayer results in the deterioration of crystal quality and surface morphology. Hall measurements show that the carrier concentration increases with the composition of Sb. The electron mobility decreases initially, when Sb composition exceeds a certain value, and the mobility increases slightly. In this work, we emphasize the comparison of crystal quality, surface morphology and electrical properties of epilayers with different Sb compositions.展开更多
The densification and the fractal dimensions of carbon-nickel films annealed at different temperatures 300, 500, 800, and 1000℃ with emphasis on porosity evaluation are investigated. For this purpose, the refractive...The densification and the fractal dimensions of carbon-nickel films annealed at different temperatures 300, 500, 800, and 1000℃ with emphasis on porosity evaluation are investigated. For this purpose, the refractive index of films is determined from transmittance spectra. Three different regimes are identified, T 〈 500℃, 500℃ 〈 T 〈 800℃ and T 〉 800℃. The Rutherford baekscattering spectra show that with increasing the annealing temperature, the concentration of nickel atoms into films decreases. It is shown that the effect of annealing temperatures for increasing films densification at T 〈 500℃ and T 〉 800℃ is greater than the effect of nickel concentrations. It is observed that the effect of decreasing nickel atoms into films at 500℃ 〈 T 〈 800℃ strongly causes improving porosity and decreasing densification. The fractal dimensions of carbon-nickel films annealed from 300 to 500℃ are increased, while from 500 to 1000℃ these characteristics are decreased. It can be seen that at 800℃, films have maximum values of porosity and roughness.展开更多
Objective To explore the biological basis of the damp-heat stasis-toxin syndrome in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.Methods Totally 100 patients with CRC and 50 healthy individuals were screened.A total of 41 patients ...Objective To explore the biological basis of the damp-heat stasis-toxin syndrome in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.Methods Totally 100 patients with CRC and 50 healthy individuals were screened.A total of 41 patients with CRC with damp heat stasis syndrome(SRYD),41 patients with CRC without damp heat stasis syndrome(FSRYD)and 40 healthy individuals(Normal)were enrolled.16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the differences in the composition and diversity of microbial groups.Results There was no significant difference in richness and diversity among SRYD,FSRYD and Normal groups.Compared with other groups,different expressions ofFirmicutes,Actinobacteriota,Elusimicrobiota,RCP2-54 at phylum level,Ralstonia,Sphingomonas,Dialister,Corynebacterium,Rothia,Odoribacter,Streptococcus and so on at genus level were detected in SRYDD groups.A possible noninvasive biomarker of damp-heat stasis andtoxin syndrome in colorectal cancer may be Streptococcus.LEfSe analysis indicated a ggreaterabundanceof Firmicutes,Actinobacteriota,Streptococcaceae,Streptococcus,Actinobacteria,Granulicatella,Rothia,Corynebacteriales,Corynebacteriaceae,Corynebacterium in SRYD groups.PICRUSt functional predictive analysis indicated the primary enrichment pathway of the SRYD group's differential expression are phosphotransferase system,valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation,central carbon metabolism in cancer,carbohydrate transport and metabolism.Conclusion It is reasonable to analyze CRC Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation from the perspective of tongue coating flora.Tongue coating flora can be used to diagnose damp-heat stasis-toxin syndrome in CRC patients.Streptococcus could be a noninvasive biomarker for damp-heat stasis-toxin syndrome in CRC.展开更多
1 Introduction Genomic islands(GIs)promote co-evolution among different species,which are of significant importance for studying microbial functionality and evolution[1].To effectively identify genomic islands,numerou...1 Introduction Genomic islands(GIs)promote co-evolution among different species,which are of significant importance for studying microbial functionality and evolution[1].To effectively identify genomic islands,numerous algorithms have been developed.These methods detect candidate genomic islands either by recognizing differences in sequence composition between genomic islands and their host genomes or by analyzing multiple genomes through sequence alignment[2].However,it’s important to note that genomic islands are formed through horizontal gene transfer and typically contain functional genes,such as those related to pathogenicity,metabolic regulation,and antibiotic resistance,as well as mobile elements like insertion sequences(IS),integrative and conjugative elements(ICE),mobile genetic elements(MGE),and bacteriophages(phage).In turn,utilizing these mobile elements can aid in the identification of genomic islands.展开更多
文摘This article presents a new method to calculate the composition differences （e） for tar g.etin.g the minimum total annualized cost （TAC） of a mass exchange network （MEN）,which is based on the combination of composition interval diagram （CID） with mathematical programming.The total cost target consists of the capital cost of the process units and the operating cost for mass separating agents （MS.As）. The value of total cost varies considerablv with the composition differences, so the values of e should be optimized in order to obtain minimum TAC of a MEN. This articleconsiders ε as a set of unequal variables for each equilibrium equation of a rich-lean stream pair, employing them to build the CID and mathematical model, which optimizes the structure and composition differences simultaneously. Two examples are applied to illustrate the proposed method and the results demonstrate that the approach introduced by this article is simpler and more convenient than the methods in previous literatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41175111)
文摘To compare the inorganic chemical compositions of TSP（total suspended paniculate）,PM10（particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm） and PM2.5（particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm） in southern and northern cities in China,atmospheric particles were synchronously collected in Dalian（the northern city）and Xiamen（the southern city） in spring and autumn of 2004.The mass concentrations,twenty-three elements and nine soluble ions were assessed.The results show that in Dalian,the mass concentrations of Mg,Al,Ca,Mn and Fe in spring were 4.0-10.1,2.6-8.0,4.1-12,1.2-3.6 and 2.9-7.9 times higher,respectively,than those in Xiamen.The dust storm influence is more obvious in Dalian in spring.However,in Xiamen,heavy metals accounted for 13.9%-17.9%of TSP,while heavy metals contributed to 5.5%-9.3%of TSP in Dalian.These concentrations suggest that heavy metal pollution in Xiamen was more serious.In addition,the concentrations of Na＋,Cl-,Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ were higher in Dalian due to the influence of marine aerosol,construction activities and soil dust.The NO3-/SO42- ratios in Dalian（0.25-0.49） were lower than those in Xiamen（0.51-0.62）,indicating that the contributions of vehicle emission to particles in Xiamen were higher.Coefficient of divergence values was higher than 0.40,implying that the inorganic chemical composition profiles for the particles of Dalian and Xiamen were quite different from each other.
文摘TiCx/Cu composites were fabricated by combustion synthesis and hot press technology. Using XRD, SEM, EDS, FESEM analysis methods, the effects of various carbon sources and different Cu contents on the microstructures of TiCx/Cu composites and the size of TiCx particles were investigated. Results showed that TiCx reinforcing particles size increases with decreasing Cu content in Cu-Ti-C reaction system. With carbon nanotubes（carbon black） serving as carbon source, the generated TiCx particles size transits from nanometer to submicron when Cu content corresponding to the reaction system is reduced to 60 vol%（70 vol%）; while graphite serves as carbon source, there is no clear limiting concentration. C particles with smaller size, larger specific surface area and better distribution result in finer TiCx particles, which is more beneficial to generating nano-sized TiCx/Cu composites.
基金Supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China under Grant No 20132435the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2013AA031903+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61106013 and 61275107the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No 2014M560936
文摘InAs1-xSbx with different compositions is grown by molecular beam epitaxy on （100）-oriented semi-insulating GaAs substrates. The increase of Sb content in the epilayer results in the deterioration of crystal quality and surface morphology. Hall measurements show that the carrier concentration increases with the composition of Sb. The electron mobility decreases initially, when Sb composition exceeds a certain value, and the mobility increases slightly. In this work, we emphasize the comparison of crystal quality, surface morphology and electrical properties of epilayers with different Sb compositions.
文摘The densification and the fractal dimensions of carbon-nickel films annealed at different temperatures 300, 500, 800, and 1000℃ with emphasis on porosity evaluation are investigated. For this purpose, the refractive index of films is determined from transmittance spectra. Three different regimes are identified, T 〈 500℃, 500℃ 〈 T 〈 800℃ and T 〉 800℃. The Rutherford baekscattering spectra show that with increasing the annealing temperature, the concentration of nickel atoms into films decreases. It is shown that the effect of annealing temperatures for increasing films densification at T 〈 500℃ and T 〉 800℃ is greater than the effect of nickel concentrations. It is observed that the effect of decreasing nickel atoms into films at 500℃ 〈 T 〈 800℃ strongly causes improving porosity and decreasing densification. The fractal dimensions of carbon-nickel films annealed from 300 to 500℃ are increased, while from 500 to 1000℃ these characteristics are decreased. It can be seen that at 800℃, films have maximum values of porosity and roughness.
文摘Objective To explore the biological basis of the damp-heat stasis-toxin syndrome in colorectal cancer(CRC)patients.Methods Totally 100 patients with CRC and 50 healthy individuals were screened.A total of 41 patients with CRC with damp heat stasis syndrome(SRYD),41 patients with CRC without damp heat stasis syndrome(FSRYD)and 40 healthy individuals(Normal)were enrolled.16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the differences in the composition and diversity of microbial groups.Results There was no significant difference in richness and diversity among SRYD,FSRYD and Normal groups.Compared with other groups,different expressions ofFirmicutes,Actinobacteriota,Elusimicrobiota,RCP2-54 at phylum level,Ralstonia,Sphingomonas,Dialister,Corynebacterium,Rothia,Odoribacter,Streptococcus and so on at genus level were detected in SRYDD groups.A possible noninvasive biomarker of damp-heat stasis andtoxin syndrome in colorectal cancer may be Streptococcus.LEfSe analysis indicated a ggreaterabundanceof Firmicutes,Actinobacteriota,Streptococcaceae,Streptococcus,Actinobacteria,Granulicatella,Rothia,Corynebacteriales,Corynebacteriaceae,Corynebacterium in SRYD groups.PICRUSt functional predictive analysis indicated the primary enrichment pathway of the SRYD group's differential expression are phosphotransferase system,valine,leucine and isoleucine degradation,central carbon metabolism in cancer,carbohydrate transport and metabolism.Conclusion It is reasonable to analyze CRC Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation from the perspective of tongue coating flora.Tongue coating flora can be used to diagnose damp-heat stasis-toxin syndrome in CRC patients.Streptococcus could be a noninvasive biomarker for damp-heat stasis-toxin syndrome in CRC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62172369,62302456)the Special Support Plan for High Level Talents in Zhejiang Province(2021R52019).
文摘1 Introduction Genomic islands(GIs)promote co-evolution among different species,which are of significant importance for studying microbial functionality and evolution[1].To effectively identify genomic islands,numerous algorithms have been developed.These methods detect candidate genomic islands either by recognizing differences in sequence composition between genomic islands and their host genomes or by analyzing multiple genomes through sequence alignment[2].However,it’s important to note that genomic islands are formed through horizontal gene transfer and typically contain functional genes,such as those related to pathogenicity,metabolic regulation,and antibiotic resistance,as well as mobile elements like insertion sequences(IS),integrative and conjugative elements(ICE),mobile genetic elements(MGE),and bacteriophages(phage).In turn,utilizing these mobile elements can aid in the identification of genomic islands.
