Metal Additive Manufacturing(MAM) technology has become an important means of rapid prototyping precision manufacturing of special high dynamic heterogeneous complex parts. In response to the micromechanical defects s...Metal Additive Manufacturing(MAM) technology has become an important means of rapid prototyping precision manufacturing of special high dynamic heterogeneous complex parts. In response to the micromechanical defects such as porosity issues, significant deformation, surface cracks, and challenging control of surface morphology encountered during the selective laser melting(SLM) additive manufacturing(AM) process of specialized Micro Electromechanical System(MEMS) components, multiparameter optimization and micro powder melt pool/macro-scale mechanical properties control simulation of specialized components are conducted. The optimal parameters obtained through highprecision preparation and machining of components and static/high dynamic verification are: laser power of 110 W, laser speed of 600 mm/s, laser diameter of 75 μm, and scanning spacing of 50 μm. The density of the subordinate components under this reference can reach 99.15%, the surface hardness can reach 51.9 HRA, the yield strength can reach 550 MPa, the maximum machining error of the components is 4.73%, and the average surface roughness is 0.45 μm. Through dynamic hammering and high dynamic firing verification, SLM components meet the requirements for overload resistance. The results have proven that MEM technology can provide a new means for the processing of MEMS components applied in high dynamic environments. The parameters obtained in the conclusion can provide a design basis for the additive preparation of MEMS components.展开更多
Joint roughness coefficient(JRC)is the most commonly used parameter for quantifying surface roughness of rock discontinuities in practice.The system composed of multiple roughness statistical parameters to measure JRC...Joint roughness coefficient(JRC)is the most commonly used parameter for quantifying surface roughness of rock discontinuities in practice.The system composed of multiple roughness statistical parameters to measure JRC is a nonlinear system with a lot of overlapping information.In this paper,a dataset of eight roughness statistical parameters covering 112 digital joints is established.Then,the principal component analysis method is introduced to extract the significant information,which solves the information overlap problem of roughness characterization.Based on the two principal components of extracted features,the white shark optimizer algorithm was introduced to optimize the extreme gradient boosting model,and a new machine learning(ML)prediction model was established.The prediction accuracy of the new model and the other 17 models was measured using statistical metrics.The results show that the prediction result of the new model is more consistent with the real JRC value,with higher recognition accuracy and generalization ability.展开更多
Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcom...Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.展开更多
In order to save manpower and time costs,and to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple animal-derived components in meat and meat products,this study used multiple nucleotide polymorphism(MNP)marker technology bas...In order to save manpower and time costs,and to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple animal-derived components in meat and meat products,this study used multiple nucleotide polymorphism(MNP)marker technology based on the principle of high-throughput sequencing,and established a multi-locus 10 animalderived components identification method of cattle,goat,sheep,donkey,horse,chicken,duck,goose,pigeon,quail in meat and meat products.The specific loci of each species could be detected and the species could be accurately identified,including 5 loci for cattle and duck,3 loci for sheep,9 loci for chicken and horse,10 loci for goose and pigeon,6 loci for quail and 1 locus for donkey and goat,and an adulteration model was established to simulate commercially available samples.The results showed that the method established in this study had high throughput,good repeatability and accuracy,and was able to identify 10 animalderived components simultaneously with 100%repeatability accuracy.The detection limit was 0.1%(m/m)in simulated samples of chicken,duck and horse.Using the method established in this study to test commercially available samples,4 samples from 14 commercially available samples were detected to be inconsistent with the labels,of which 2 did not contain the target ingredient and 2 were adulterated with small amounts of other ingredients.展开更多
Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants h...Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar traits.In addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal roses.Therefore,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints.Then,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large differences.Differential compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and Meigui.Results:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the samples.Through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four groups.Partial least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,as well as phenolic acids.Eight differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot analysis.Quantitative analyses of the eight compounds,including gallic acid,ellagic acid,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,etc.,showed that Yueji was generally richer in phenolic acids and flavonoids than Meigui,and the quality of Yueji from Shandong and Hebei was better.It is worth noting that Xinjiang rose is rich in various components,which is worth focusing on more in-depth research.Conclusion:In this study,the fingerprints of Meigui and Yueji were established.The chemical components information of roses was further improved based on non-targeted metabolomics and mass spectrometry technology.At the same time,eight differential components of Meigui and Yueji were screened out and quantitatively analyzed.The research results provided a scientific basis for the quality control and rational development and utilization of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos,and also laid a foundation for the study of their pharmacodynamic material basis.展开更多
This work managed the extrusion strain path by designing various extrusion die cavities,successfully realizing the texture modification for the ZK60 magnesium alloy.The mechanisms involving the texture dependence on t...This work managed the extrusion strain path by designing various extrusion die cavities,successfully realizing the texture modification for the ZK60 magnesium alloy.The mechanisms involving the texture dependence on the extrusion die cavity as well as their effects on the mechanical properties were emphatically investigated.Results showed that dynamic recrystallization refined the grain size and improved the microstructure homogeneity in the three extrusion specimens,but did not produce too large microstructure differences.By comparison,significant texture differences developed owing to the various extrusion die cavities,which here were mainly reflected in the strong or weak texture components for the c-axes//TD and the c-axes//ND.Such texture differences started from the deformation texture instead of the recrystallization texture whose roles only consisted in dispersing the texture component and reducing the texture intensity.The results from the finite element analysis and the visco-plastic self-consistent model indicated that,in order to accommodate the different strain components induced by the extrusion die cavities,slip systems or tension twinning were activated differently,and this was the critical reason causing the above texture differences.One modified Hall-Petch relationship was adopted to analyze the conjoint effects of grain refinement and texture variation on the yield stress.Additionally,the quantitative results about deformation mechanism activation fractions demonstrated that the texture variations influenced the competition relationships between the twinning induced deformation and the slip dominant deformation,and the former generally produced the lower yield stress and the increasing stage of strain hardening rate,while the latter produced the higher yield stress and the continuous decline of strain hardening rate.展开更多
Pu-erh tea,a traditional Chinese beverage,performs an anti-obesity function,but the correlation between its components and efficacy remains unknown.Here,we screened two Pu-erh teas with significant anti-obesity effica...Pu-erh tea,a traditional Chinese beverage,performs an anti-obesity function,but the correlation between its components and efficacy remains unknown.Here,we screened two Pu-erh teas with significant anti-obesity efficacies from 11 teas.In vitro experiments revealed that lipid accumulation in L02 cells and lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly better inhibited by Tea-B than Tea-A.Further in vivo experiments using model mice revealed that the differences in chemical components generated two pathways in the anti-obesity efficacy and mechanism of Pu-erh teas.Tea-A changes the histomorphology of brown adipose tissue(BAT)and increases the abundance of Coriobacteriaceae_UCG_002 and cyclic AMP in guts through high chemical contents of cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl,tridecane and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene,eventually increasing BAT activation and fat browning gene expression;the high content of hexadecane and 1,2-dimethoxybenzene in Tea-B reduces white adipose tissue(WAT)accumulation and the process of fatty liver,increases the abundance of Odoribacter and sphinganine 1-phosphate,inhibits the expression of lipid synthesis and transport genes.These mechanistic findings on the association of the representative bioactive components in Pu-erh teas with the anti-obesity phenotypes,gut microbes,gut metabolite structure and anti-obesity pathways,which were obtained for the first time,provide foundations for developing functional Pu-erh tea.展开更多
Background Recovery colleges (RCs) support personal recovery through education, skill development and social support for people with mental health problems, carers and staff. Guided by co-production and adult learning...Background Recovery colleges (RCs) support personal recovery through education, skill development and social support for people with mental health problems, carers and staff. Guided by co-production and adult learning principles, RCs represent a recent mental health innovation. Since the first RC opened in England in 2009, RCs have expanded to 28 countries and territories. However, most RC research has been conducted in Western countries with similar cultural characteristics, limiting understanding of how RCs can be culturally adapted. The 12-item Recovery Colleges Characterisation and Testing (RECOLLECT) Fidelity Measure (RFM) evaluates the operational fidelity of RCs based on 12 components, but cultural influences on these components remain underexplored.Aims To assess associations between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and RFM items to identify cultural influences on fidelity components.Methods A cross-sectional survey of RC managers was conducted across all 221 RCs. Mixed-effects regression models examined associations between Hofstede’s country-level cultural dimensions and item-level RFM scores, adjusted for healthcare expenditure and income inequality. Four cultural dimensions, obtained from Hofstede, were analysed: individualism (prioritising personal needs), indulgence (enjoyment-oriented), uncertainty avoidance (preference for predictability) and long-term orientation (future-focused).Results The RFM was completed by 169 (76%) RC managers. Seven RFM items showed associations with cultural dimensions. Equality was linked to short-term orientation, while learning was associated with individualism and uncertainty avoidance. Both individualism and indulgence influenced co-production and community focus. Commitment to recovery was shaped by all four cultural dimensions, with the strongest associations seen for individualism and indulgence. Individualism enhanced explicit focus on strengths-based practice, while uncertainty avoidance influenced course distinctiveness.Conclusions This study demonstrates how culture shapes RC fidelity components, providing actionable insights for cultural adaptation. Incorporating under-represented dimensions, such as collectivism and restraint, could improve the RFM’s global applicability, facilitating implementation. Future research should explore cultural nuances, engage diverse stakeholders and refine fidelity measures to enhance RC inclusivity and effectiveness worldwide.展开更多
People have been engaged in sports activities both individually and collectively for years.Sports consumption,which refers to the process that covers many issues related to sports in the form of playing,watching,liste...People have been engaged in sports activities both individually and collectively for years.Sports consumption,which refers to the process that covers many issues related to sports in the form of playing,watching,listening or reading,is a form of human behavior.The satisfaction of the four marketing components of product,price,distribution and promotion by using the leisure time of the sports consumer effectively and ensuring its continuity in the future process can be ensured by effective utilization of facilities and quality recreation activities.Consumer behaviors,which have a very complex structure,are seen in the form of choosing,buying,using and obtaining.With this study,it is aimed to determine the mediating role of consumer decision-making styles in determining the effect of marketing components in the consumption of sports activities on the satisfaction of sports consumers.In this direction,data were collected in the province of Istanbul,which was determined as the sample.Data were obtained with a questionnaire form created on Google Form.These data were analyzed in line with the model and hypotheses created with these data and it was determined that the marketing components of sports consumption have an impact on the sports consumer and it was concluded that consumer decision-making styles have a positive mediating effect in this regard.展开更多
The agro-pastoral ecotone epitomizes the ecologically fragile semi-arid zone,where the soil microbiomes play a pivotal role in regulating its multifunctionality.However,whether and how changes in soil structure and or...The agro-pastoral ecotone epitomizes the ecologically fragile semi-arid zone,where the soil microbiomes play a pivotal role in regulating its multifunctionality.However,whether and how changes in soil structure and organic matter composition under different land uses affect microbial community structure remain unclear.Here,land-use types in the agro-pastoral ecotone,including shrubland(BF),artificial grassland(ArG),abandoned grassland(AbG),and maize farmland(MA),were chosen to explore the response relationships between soil microbial communities and the aggregates and dissolved organic matter(DOM)composition.The results showed that compared to MA,the macroaggregates in BF,AbG,and ArG were increased by 123.0,92.79,and 63.71%,respectively,while MA soil had the greatest abundance of<100μm particles.The higher aromatic carbon with high aromaticity and molecular weight in BF soil DOM contributed to its highest mineral-associated organic carbon level(12.61 g kg^(-1)),while MA soil organic carbon had highly efficient decomposition due to its high content of aliphatic and carboxy carbon,so it is prone to loss from the active carbon pools.The transition in land use from shrubland to grassland and farmland has facilitated the conversion of stable aromatic carbon to unstable carboxy carbon.The taxonomic analysis revealed that soil bacterial and fungal communities in the four land uses were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Chloroflexi,and Ascomycota.More taxonomic groups from phylum to family were enriched in BF soil.The DOM components and organic carbon are crucial variables shaping the composition of soil bacterial communities,jointly explaining 61.66% of the variance,while aggregates are important variables driving the composition of fungal communities,with an explanation rate of 20.49%.Our results suggest that DOM components and aggregates impact the soil microbial structure;and the transition in land use from agricultural land to grassland and shrubland in the agro-pastoral ecotone enhances aggregate stability,carbon sequestration potential,and microbial diversity.展开更多
To the Editor:As a student actively involved in advocacy for heart disease prevention,I was particularly intrigued by the policymaking implications of digital interventions in the article "Digital components and ...To the Editor:As a student actively involved in advocacy for heart disease prevention,I was particularly intrigued by the policymaking implications of digital interventions in the article "Digital components and interaction types in counseling interventions for childhood and adolescent obesity:A systematic review" [1].Through my work as the Founder and President of the nonprofit Guardians of Heart,I have developed and promoted early educational programs,digital tools,and community outreach initiatives designed to instill heart-healthy habits in youth,intending to mitigate risk factors such as obesity that significantly contribute to cardiovascular disease later in life.展开更多
As the integration of electronic components in high-performance servers increases,heat generation significantly impacts performance and raises failure rates.Therefore,heat dissipation has become a critical concern in ...As the integration of electronic components in high-performance servers increases,heat generation significantly impacts performance and raises failure rates.Therefore,heat dissipation has become a critical concern in electronic circuit design.This study uses numerical simulations to investigate the heat dissipation characteristics of electronic components in air-cooled servers.By adjusting airflow speed,heat sink configurations,and the arrangement of straight-fin heat sinks,we optimize heat dissipation performance and analyze the mechanisms at different airflow speeds.The results show that,at the same airflow speed,the temperature of the heat sink is lower than that of the electronic components,creating a temperature gradient that enhances heat transfer.Compared to a front-to-back arrangement of two straight-fin heat sinks,placing the heat sinks parallel to each other results in a lower maximum component temperature and better temperature uniformity.Heat sinks with fins significantly improve heat dissipation.The heat sink with semicylindrical fins on the rib surface provides the best cooling performance.Moreover,compared to natural convection,the maximum temperature of the electronic components decreases by 56.17%and 61%when the incoming flow velocity is 6 m/s with two parallel flat ribbed heat sinks and front-to-back arrangement,respectively.展开更多
The acceleration and mode transition performance are two significant performances of Adaptive Cycle Engine(ACE).However,separating the processes of acceleration and mode transition will slow down the response speed of...The acceleration and mode transition performance are two significant performances of Adaptive Cycle Engine(ACE).However,separating the processes of acceleration and mode transition will slow down the response speed of thrust.Therefore,this paper proposes a multi-mode acceleration optimization control method that simultaneously performs ACE acceleration and mode transition.Firstly,an ACE component model with inlet flow characteristics was established,and the performance before and after mode transition were analyzed.Secondly,the principle of ACE acceleration optimization was analyzed,and the Front Variable Area Bypass Injector(FVABI)and Mode Selection Valve(MSV)were adopted in the acceleration process.Finally,based on the Sequential Quadratic Programming(SQP)algorithm,considering the degradation effects of engine components,we optimize the acceleration control plan for fuel and variable geometry mechanisms.The simulation results show that at the subsonic cruise point,the ACE multi-mode acceleration optimization control method can shorten the acceleration time from idle to middle state by 30.33%,and accelerate the thrust response speed by 33.72%.When the compressor flow rate of ACE deteriorates by 2% and the high-pressure turbine efficiency deteriorates by 4%,the adaptive acceleration control plan increases the high-pressure speed by 2.13% and thrust by about 6.82%;within the flight envelope,the acceleration time is reduced by more than 25%,and the thrust response speed is increased by more than 20%.展开更多
Trichosanthis Fructus(Gualou)is the dried ripe fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.or Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms(Cucurbitaceae family).It demonstrates significant therapeutic effects in treating coronary heart ...Trichosanthis Fructus(Gualou)is the dried ripe fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.or Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms(Cucurbitaceae family).It demonstrates significant therapeutic effects in treating coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus,while also possessing anti-cancer and anti-aging properties.Both Trichosanthis Pericarpium(Gualoupi)and Trichosanthis Semen(Gualouzi)are used medicinally.With the increasing clinical application of Trichosanthes medicinal materials and their preparations(such as Gualou Injection and Gualou Tablets),the demand for them is expected to grow substantially.To further investigate Trichosanthis Fructus,explore its medicinal effects and new applications,and promote the development of Trichosanthis Fructus-based products,this paper reviewed the chemical components of Trichosanthis Fructus.Furthermore,the differences in major chemical components among Trichosanthis Fructus,Trichosanthis Pericarpium and Trichosanthis Semen were compared,providing a scientific basis for establishing quality evaluation standards of Trichosanthes medicinal materials.展开更多
Acupuncture,a therapeutic practice rooted in traditional Chinese medicine and integrated with modern neuroscience,achieves its effects by stimulating sensory nerves at specific anatomical points known as acupoints.Thi...Acupuncture,a therapeutic practice rooted in traditional Chinese medicine and integrated with modern neuroscience,achieves its effects by stimulating sensory nerves at specific anatomical points known as acupoints.This review systematically explores the therapeutic components of acupuncture,emphasizing the interplay between sensory nerve characteristics and neural signaling pathways.Key factors such as acupoint location,needling depth,stimulation intensity,retention time,and the induction of sensations(e.g.,Deqi)are analyzed for their roles in neural activation and clinical outcomes.The review highlights how variations in spinal segment targeting,tissue-specific receptor activation,and stimulation modalities(e.g.,manual acupuncture,electroacupuncture,moxibustion)influence therapeutic effects.Emerging evidence underscores the significance of ion channels,dermatomes,myotomes,and genespecific pathways in mediating systemic effects.Additionally,the differential roles of mechanical,thermal and nociceptive stimuli and the temporal dynamics of sensory and immune responses are addressed.While insights from animal models have advanced our understanding,their translation to clinical practice requires further investigation.This comprehensive review identifies critical parameters for optimizing acupuncture therapy,advocating for individualized treatment strategies informed by neuroanatomical and neurophysiological principles,ultimately enhancing its precision and efficacy in modern medicine.展开更多
AIM To investigate the material basis and mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of DLC in T2DM.METHODS T2DM was triggered in rats using a high-sugar,high-fat diet alongside 35 mg/kg streptozotocin.The effect of ...AIM To investigate the material basis and mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of DLC in T2DM.METHODS T2DM was triggered in rats using a high-sugar,high-fat diet alongside 35 mg/kg streptozotocin.The effect of DLC on the intestinal microbiota in T2DM rats was analyzed via 16S rDNA sequencing.Targeted metabolomics was conducted to evaluate the impact of DLC on the levels of nine short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Untargeted metabolomics examined DLC-induced alterations in fecal metabolites and associated metabolic pathways.Additionally,Spearman’s correlation analysis assessed gut microbiota and fecal metabolite relationships.RESULTS DLC significantly attenuated pathological weight loss,reduced fasting blood glucose levels,restored blood sugar homeostasis,and ameliorated dyslipidemia in T2DM rats.The 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that DLC enhanced microbial diversity and reversed intestinal dysbiosis.Targeted metabolomics indicated decreased acetic acid and propionic acid levels and increased butyric acid,isobutyric acid,and 2-methylbutyric acid levels after DLC treatment.Untargeted metabolomics revealed 57 metabolites with altered expression associated with amino acid,carbohydrate,purine,and biotin pathways.The Spearman analysis demonstrated significant links between specific gut microbiota taxa and fecal metabolites.CONCLUSION DLC may exert hypoglycemic effects by modulating intestinal flora genera,SCFA levels,and fecal metabolites.展开更多
The widespread use of lithium batteries has led to frequent fire hazards,which significantly threaten both human lives and property safety.One of the primary challenges in enhancing the fire safety of lithium batterie...The widespread use of lithium batteries has led to frequent fire hazards,which significantly threaten both human lives and property safety.One of the primary challenges in enhancing the fire safety of lithium batteries lies in the flammability of their organic components.As electronic devices continue to proliferate,the integration of liquid electrolytes and separators has become common.However,these components are prone to high volatility and leakage,which limits their safety.Fortunately,recent advancements in solid-state and gel electrolytes have demonstrated promising performance in laboratory settings,providing solutions to these issues.Typically,improving the flame retardancy and fire safety of lithium batteries involves careful design of the formulations or molecular structures of the organic materials.Moreover,the internal interfacial interactions also play a vital role in ensuring safety.This review examines the innovative design strategies developed over the past 5 years to address the fire safety concerns associated with lithium batteries.Future advancements in the next generation of high-safety lithium batteries should not only focus on optimizing component design but also emphasize rigorous operational testing.This dual approach will drive further progress in battery safety research and development,enhancing the overall reliability of lithium battery systems.展开更多
The specific and cumulative effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))components on hypertension remain less defined,notably in susceptible older adults.This national study utilized a representative sample of 220,42...The specific and cumulative effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))components on hypertension remain less defined,notably in susceptible older adults.This national study utilized a representative sample of 220,425 older adults in China,to scrutinize their relationship.Residential PM_(2.5)and five chemical components(black carbon(BC),organic matter(OM),sulphate(SO_(4)^(2−)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)))were estimated by the bilinear interpolation.Associations between PM_(2.5)and five chemical components with hypertension were examined through two-stage logistic regression models,with population attributable fractions(PAFs)determined via counterfactual analysis.Elevated exposure to PM_(2.5)and its components was generally linked to higher hypertension prevalence.With each interquartile range increase,the odds ratio(OR)of hypertension rose by 1.09(95%CI:1.08–1.11)for NO_(3)^(−),1.06(95%CI:1.05–1.08)for NH_(4)^(+),1.06(95%CI:1.05–1.07)for OM,1.05(95%CI:1.04–1.06)for BC,and 1.06(95%CI:1.04–1.07)for SO42-.Notably,the cumulative impact of five PM_(2.5)chemical components(OR:1.13,95%CI:1.12–1.13)was significantly greater than the effect of total PM_(2.5)mass alone(OR:1.04,95%CI:1.03–1.05).Regarding PAFs,NO_(3)^(−)represented the strongest contribution to hypertension,followed by OM,NH_(4)^(+),SO_(4)^(2−),and BC.Furthermore,the effects were accentuated in low socio-economic population.These findings underline that using total PM_(2.5)as a surrogate marker may underestimate the comprehensive impact of its chemical components,underscoring the necessity for targeted interventions to reduce emissions of specific PM_(2.5)chemical constituents.展开更多
In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics.Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges.A two-dimensional(2...In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics.Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges.A two-dimensional(2D)liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was established for screening and comprehensive profiling of compositions of the antibiotic colistimethate sodium(CMS).A high concentration of phosphate buffer mobile phase was used in the first-dimensional LC system to get the components well separated.For efficient and high-accuracy screening of CMS,a targeted method based on a self-constructed high resolution(HR)mass spectrum database of CMS components was established.The database was built based on the commercial MassHunter Personal Compound Database and Library(PCDL)software and its accuracy of the compound matching result was verified with six known components before being applied to genuine sample screening.On this basis,the unknown peaks in the CMS chromatograms were deduced and assigned.The molecular formula,group composition,and origins of a total of 99 compounds,of which the combined area percentage accounted for more than 95%of CMS components,were deduced by this 2D-LC-MS method combined with the MassHunter PCDL.This profiling method was highly efficient and could distinguish hundreds of components within 3 h,providing reliable results for quality control of this kind of complex drugs.展开更多
Based on the chemical composition data of a regional long-lasting haze event that occurred in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 17 December 2023 to 8 January 2024,the evolutionary characteristics of the chemical...Based on the chemical composition data of a regional long-lasting haze event that occurred in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 17 December 2023 to 8 January 2024,the evolutionary characteristics of the chemical components and sources of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)under different pollution levels were comparatively analyzed using PMF(Positive Matrix Factorization)and backward trajectory analysis.SNA(NO_(3)^(-),NH_(4)^(+),SO_(4)^(2-))was found to be the primary chemical component of PM2.5,making up 63.6%(clean days)to 69.7%(heavy pollution)of it.The NO_(3)^(-)concentration was 3.14(clean days)to 6.01(heavy pollution)times higher than that of SO_(4)^(2-).NO_(3)^(-),POC,Fe,Mn,Al concentrations increased,while SOC,EC,crustal elements(Ca,Si)and other water-soluble ions(WSIs)concentrations decreased as the pollution level increased.The contribution of secondary inorganics and biomass-burning emissions and industrial and ship emissions increased significantly as the pollution level increased,which accounted for 40.3%and 36.7%,respectively,in the heavy pollution stage.The contribution of traffic sources decreases gradually with increasing pollution levels,accounting for only 59.1%of the light pollution stage in the heavy pollution stage.PM_(2.5) and its main chemical components showed similar potential source distribution,located in the northwest(Fuyang,Huainan,Nanjing),south(Taizhou,Lishui,Jiande)and north(Taizhou,Yancheng).However,distinct transport routes were observed under the different air quality levels.During the heavy pollution period,the polluted air masses primarily came from the harbor regions,whereas during the light pollution period they were transported from the southeast(Taizhou)and the North China Plain.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund(Grant No.62304022)Science and Technology on Electromechanical Dynamic Control Laboratory(China,Grant No.6142601012304)the 2022e2024 China Association for Science and Technology Innovation Integration Association Youth Talent Support Project(Grant No.2022QNRC001).
文摘Metal Additive Manufacturing(MAM) technology has become an important means of rapid prototyping precision manufacturing of special high dynamic heterogeneous complex parts. In response to the micromechanical defects such as porosity issues, significant deformation, surface cracks, and challenging control of surface morphology encountered during the selective laser melting(SLM) additive manufacturing(AM) process of specialized Micro Electromechanical System(MEMS) components, multiparameter optimization and micro powder melt pool/macro-scale mechanical properties control simulation of specialized components are conducted. The optimal parameters obtained through highprecision preparation and machining of components and static/high dynamic verification are: laser power of 110 W, laser speed of 600 mm/s, laser diameter of 75 μm, and scanning spacing of 50 μm. The density of the subordinate components under this reference can reach 99.15%, the surface hardness can reach 51.9 HRA, the yield strength can reach 550 MPa, the maximum machining error of the components is 4.73%, and the average surface roughness is 0.45 μm. Through dynamic hammering and high dynamic firing verification, SLM components meet the requirements for overload resistance. The results have proven that MEM technology can provide a new means for the processing of MEMS components applied in high dynamic environments. The parameters obtained in the conclusion can provide a design basis for the additive preparation of MEMS components.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42277175)the pilot project of cooperation between the Ministry of Natural Resources and Hunan Province“Research and demonstration of key technologies for comprehensive remote sensing identification of geological hazards in typical regions of Hunan Province” (Grant No.2023ZRBSHZ056)the National Key Research and Development Program of China-2023 Key Special Project (Grant No.2023YFC2907400).
文摘Joint roughness coefficient(JRC)is the most commonly used parameter for quantifying surface roughness of rock discontinuities in practice.The system composed of multiple roughness statistical parameters to measure JRC is a nonlinear system with a lot of overlapping information.In this paper,a dataset of eight roughness statistical parameters covering 112 digital joints is established.Then,the principal component analysis method is introduced to extract the significant information,which solves the information overlap problem of roughness characterization.Based on the two principal components of extracted features,the white shark optimizer algorithm was introduced to optimize the extreme gradient boosting model,and a new machine learning(ML)prediction model was established.The prediction accuracy of the new model and the other 17 models was measured using statistical metrics.The results show that the prediction result of the new model is more consistent with the real JRC value,with higher recognition accuracy and generalization ability.
文摘Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.
基金financially supported by National Key R&D Program(2021YFF0701905)。
文摘In order to save manpower and time costs,and to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple animal-derived components in meat and meat products,this study used multiple nucleotide polymorphism(MNP)marker technology based on the principle of high-throughput sequencing,and established a multi-locus 10 animalderived components identification method of cattle,goat,sheep,donkey,horse,chicken,duck,goose,pigeon,quail in meat and meat products.The specific loci of each species could be detected and the species could be accurately identified,including 5 loci for cattle and duck,3 loci for sheep,9 loci for chicken and horse,10 loci for goose and pigeon,6 loci for quail and 1 locus for donkey and goat,and an adulteration model was established to simulate commercially available samples.The results showed that the method established in this study had high throughput,good repeatability and accuracy,and was able to identify 10 animalderived components simultaneously with 100%repeatability accuracy.The detection limit was 0.1%(m/m)in simulated samples of chicken,duck and horse.Using the method established in this study to test commercially available samples,4 samples from 14 commercially available samples were detected to be inconsistent with the labels,of which 2 did not contain the target ingredient and 2 were adulterated with small amounts of other ingredients.
基金supported by the key project at the central government level:The ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(Grant number 2060302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 82373982,82173929).
文摘Background:Rosa chinensis Jacq.and Rosa rugosa Thunb.are not only of ornamental value,but also edible flowers and the flower buds have been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as traditional medicines.The two plants have some differences in efficacy,but the flower buds are easily confused for similar traits.In addition,large-scale cultivation of ornamental rose flowers may lead to a decrease in the effective components of medicinal roses.Therefore,it is necessary to study the chemical composition and make quality evaluation of Rosae Chinensis Flos(Yueji)and Rosae Rugosae Flos(Meigui).Methods:In this study,40 batches of samples including Meigui and Yueji from different regions in China were collected to establish high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints.Then,the fingerprints data was analyzed using principal component analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis,and partial least squares discriminant analysis analysis chemometrics to obtain information on intergroup differences,and non-targeted metabolomic techniques were applied to identify and compare chemical compositions of samples which were chosen from groups with large differences.Differential compounds were screened by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot,and finally multi-component quantification was performed to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Yueji and Meigui.Results:The similarity between the fingerprints of 40 batches roses and the reference print R was 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that there were similarities and differences between the samples.Through principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis of fingerprints data,the samples from different origins and varieties were intuitively divided into four groups.Partial least-squares discriminant analysis analysis showed that Meigui and Yueji cluster into two categories and the model was reliable.A total of 89 compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,mainly were flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides,as well as phenolic acids.Eight differential components were screened out by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and S-plot analysis.Quantitative analyses of the eight compounds,including gallic acid,ellagic acid,hyperoside,isoquercitrin,etc.,showed that Yueji was generally richer in phenolic acids and flavonoids than Meigui,and the quality of Yueji from Shandong and Hebei was better.It is worth noting that Xinjiang rose is rich in various components,which is worth focusing on more in-depth research.Conclusion:In this study,the fingerprints of Meigui and Yueji were established.The chemical components information of roses was further improved based on non-targeted metabolomics and mass spectrometry technology.At the same time,eight differential components of Meigui and Yueji were screened out and quantitatively analyzed.The research results provided a scientific basis for the quality control and rational development and utilization of Rosae Chinensis Flos and Rosae Rugosae Flos,and also laid a foundation for the study of their pharmacodynamic material basis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52205344,51925401)Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Grant No.2023M732398)+1 种基金National Key Laboratory Foundation of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact(Grant No.WDZC2023-1)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023CXPT066).
文摘This work managed the extrusion strain path by designing various extrusion die cavities,successfully realizing the texture modification for the ZK60 magnesium alloy.The mechanisms involving the texture dependence on the extrusion die cavity as well as their effects on the mechanical properties were emphatically investigated.Results showed that dynamic recrystallization refined the grain size and improved the microstructure homogeneity in the three extrusion specimens,but did not produce too large microstructure differences.By comparison,significant texture differences developed owing to the various extrusion die cavities,which here were mainly reflected in the strong or weak texture components for the c-axes//TD and the c-axes//ND.Such texture differences started from the deformation texture instead of the recrystallization texture whose roles only consisted in dispersing the texture component and reducing the texture intensity.The results from the finite element analysis and the visco-plastic self-consistent model indicated that,in order to accommodate the different strain components induced by the extrusion die cavities,slip systems or tension twinning were activated differently,and this was the critical reason causing the above texture differences.One modified Hall-Petch relationship was adopted to analyze the conjoint effects of grain refinement and texture variation on the yield stress.Additionally,the quantitative results about deformation mechanism activation fractions demonstrated that the texture variations influenced the competition relationships between the twinning induced deformation and the slip dominant deformation,and the former generally produced the lower yield stress and the increasing stage of strain hardening rate,while the latter produced the higher yield stress and the continuous decline of strain hardening rate.
基金The financial support received from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022,WDZC20200821141349001)Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Startup Fund(21310041,S234602003)。
文摘Pu-erh tea,a traditional Chinese beverage,performs an anti-obesity function,but the correlation between its components and efficacy remains unknown.Here,we screened two Pu-erh teas with significant anti-obesity efficacies from 11 teas.In vitro experiments revealed that lipid accumulation in L02 cells and lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly better inhibited by Tea-B than Tea-A.Further in vivo experiments using model mice revealed that the differences in chemical components generated two pathways in the anti-obesity efficacy and mechanism of Pu-erh teas.Tea-A changes the histomorphology of brown adipose tissue(BAT)and increases the abundance of Coriobacteriaceae_UCG_002 and cyclic AMP in guts through high chemical contents of cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl,tridecane and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene,eventually increasing BAT activation and fat browning gene expression;the high content of hexadecane and 1,2-dimethoxybenzene in Tea-B reduces white adipose tissue(WAT)accumulation and the process of fatty liver,increases the abundance of Odoribacter and sphinganine 1-phosphate,inhibits the expression of lipid synthesis and transport genes.These mechanistic findings on the association of the representative bioactive components in Pu-erh teas with the anti-obesity phenotypes,gut microbes,gut metabolite structure and anti-obesity pathways,which were obtained for the first time,provide foundations for developing functional Pu-erh tea.
基金This study is part of the RECOLLECT 2 programme,a five-year(2020-2025)project funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research,which investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of recovery colleges.
文摘Background Recovery colleges (RCs) support personal recovery through education, skill development and social support for people with mental health problems, carers and staff. Guided by co-production and adult learning principles, RCs represent a recent mental health innovation. Since the first RC opened in England in 2009, RCs have expanded to 28 countries and territories. However, most RC research has been conducted in Western countries with similar cultural characteristics, limiting understanding of how RCs can be culturally adapted. The 12-item Recovery Colleges Characterisation and Testing (RECOLLECT) Fidelity Measure (RFM) evaluates the operational fidelity of RCs based on 12 components, but cultural influences on these components remain underexplored.Aims To assess associations between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and RFM items to identify cultural influences on fidelity components.Methods A cross-sectional survey of RC managers was conducted across all 221 RCs. Mixed-effects regression models examined associations between Hofstede’s country-level cultural dimensions and item-level RFM scores, adjusted for healthcare expenditure and income inequality. Four cultural dimensions, obtained from Hofstede, were analysed: individualism (prioritising personal needs), indulgence (enjoyment-oriented), uncertainty avoidance (preference for predictability) and long-term orientation (future-focused).Results The RFM was completed by 169 (76%) RC managers. Seven RFM items showed associations with cultural dimensions. Equality was linked to short-term orientation, while learning was associated with individualism and uncertainty avoidance. Both individualism and indulgence influenced co-production and community focus. Commitment to recovery was shaped by all four cultural dimensions, with the strongest associations seen for individualism and indulgence. Individualism enhanced explicit focus on strengths-based practice, while uncertainty avoidance influenced course distinctiveness.Conclusions This study demonstrates how culture shapes RC fidelity components, providing actionable insights for cultural adaptation. Incorporating under-represented dimensions, such as collectivism and restraint, could improve the RFM’s global applicability, facilitating implementation. Future research should explore cultural nuances, engage diverse stakeholders and refine fidelity measures to enhance RC inclusivity and effectiveness worldwide.
文摘People have been engaged in sports activities both individually and collectively for years.Sports consumption,which refers to the process that covers many issues related to sports in the form of playing,watching,listening or reading,is a form of human behavior.The satisfaction of the four marketing components of product,price,distribution and promotion by using the leisure time of the sports consumer effectively and ensuring its continuity in the future process can be ensured by effective utilization of facilities and quality recreation activities.Consumer behaviors,which have a very complex structure,are seen in the form of choosing,buying,using and obtaining.With this study,it is aimed to determine the mediating role of consumer decision-making styles in determining the effect of marketing components in the consumption of sports activities on the satisfaction of sports consumers.In this direction,data were collected in the province of Istanbul,which was determined as the sample.Data were obtained with a questionnaire form created on Google Form.These data were analyzed in line with the model and hypotheses created with these data and it was determined that the marketing components of sports consumption have an impact on the sports consumer and it was concluded that consumer decision-making styles have a positive mediating effect in this regard.
基金funded by the Inner Mongolia Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects,China(2021GG0393)。
文摘The agro-pastoral ecotone epitomizes the ecologically fragile semi-arid zone,where the soil microbiomes play a pivotal role in regulating its multifunctionality.However,whether and how changes in soil structure and organic matter composition under different land uses affect microbial community structure remain unclear.Here,land-use types in the agro-pastoral ecotone,including shrubland(BF),artificial grassland(ArG),abandoned grassland(AbG),and maize farmland(MA),were chosen to explore the response relationships between soil microbial communities and the aggregates and dissolved organic matter(DOM)composition.The results showed that compared to MA,the macroaggregates in BF,AbG,and ArG were increased by 123.0,92.79,and 63.71%,respectively,while MA soil had the greatest abundance of<100μm particles.The higher aromatic carbon with high aromaticity and molecular weight in BF soil DOM contributed to its highest mineral-associated organic carbon level(12.61 g kg^(-1)),while MA soil organic carbon had highly efficient decomposition due to its high content of aliphatic and carboxy carbon,so it is prone to loss from the active carbon pools.The transition in land use from shrubland to grassland and farmland has facilitated the conversion of stable aromatic carbon to unstable carboxy carbon.The taxonomic analysis revealed that soil bacterial and fungal communities in the four land uses were dominated by Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Chloroflexi,and Ascomycota.More taxonomic groups from phylum to family were enriched in BF soil.The DOM components and organic carbon are crucial variables shaping the composition of soil bacterial communities,jointly explaining 61.66% of the variance,while aggregates are important variables driving the composition of fungal communities,with an explanation rate of 20.49%.Our results suggest that DOM components and aggregates impact the soil microbial structure;and the transition in land use from agricultural land to grassland and shrubland in the agro-pastoral ecotone enhances aggregate stability,carbon sequestration potential,and microbial diversity.
文摘To the Editor:As a student actively involved in advocacy for heart disease prevention,I was particularly intrigued by the policymaking implications of digital interventions in the article "Digital components and interaction types in counseling interventions for childhood and adolescent obesity:A systematic review" [1].Through my work as the Founder and President of the nonprofit Guardians of Heart,I have developed and promoted early educational programs,digital tools,and community outreach initiatives designed to instill heart-healthy habits in youth,intending to mitigate risk factors such as obesity that significantly contribute to cardiovascular disease later in life.
基金supported by the key technology project of China Southern Power Grid Corporation(GZKJXM20240009).
文摘As the integration of electronic components in high-performance servers increases,heat generation significantly impacts performance and raises failure rates.Therefore,heat dissipation has become a critical concern in electronic circuit design.This study uses numerical simulations to investigate the heat dissipation characteristics of electronic components in air-cooled servers.By adjusting airflow speed,heat sink configurations,and the arrangement of straight-fin heat sinks,we optimize heat dissipation performance and analyze the mechanisms at different airflow speeds.The results show that,at the same airflow speed,the temperature of the heat sink is lower than that of the electronic components,creating a temperature gradient that enhances heat transfer.Compared to a front-to-back arrangement of two straight-fin heat sinks,placing the heat sinks parallel to each other results in a lower maximum component temperature and better temperature uniformity.Heat sinks with fins significantly improve heat dissipation.The heat sink with semicylindrical fins on the rib surface provides the best cooling performance.Moreover,compared to natural convection,the maximum temperature of the electronic components decreases by 56.17%and 61%when the incoming flow velocity is 6 m/s with two parallel flat ribbed heat sinks and front-to-back arrangement,respectively.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372389)the Jiangsu Province Excellent Postdoctoral Program of China(No.2023ZB494)+1 种基金the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20241412)the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China(No.2024M754131)。
文摘The acceleration and mode transition performance are two significant performances of Adaptive Cycle Engine(ACE).However,separating the processes of acceleration and mode transition will slow down the response speed of thrust.Therefore,this paper proposes a multi-mode acceleration optimization control method that simultaneously performs ACE acceleration and mode transition.Firstly,an ACE component model with inlet flow characteristics was established,and the performance before and after mode transition were analyzed.Secondly,the principle of ACE acceleration optimization was analyzed,and the Front Variable Area Bypass Injector(FVABI)and Mode Selection Valve(MSV)were adopted in the acceleration process.Finally,based on the Sequential Quadratic Programming(SQP)algorithm,considering the degradation effects of engine components,we optimize the acceleration control plan for fuel and variable geometry mechanisms.The simulation results show that at the subsonic cruise point,the ACE multi-mode acceleration optimization control method can shorten the acceleration time from idle to middle state by 30.33%,and accelerate the thrust response speed by 33.72%.When the compressor flow rate of ACE deteriorates by 2% and the high-pressure turbine efficiency deteriorates by 4%,the adaptive acceleration control plan increases the high-pressure speed by 2.13% and thrust by about 6.82%;within the flight envelope,the acceleration time is reduced by more than 25%,and the thrust response speed is increased by more than 20%.
基金Supported by Xuzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(KC22059)Qinglan Project Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceHigh Level Talent Project of XZCIT(XGY2021EG08).
文摘Trichosanthis Fructus(Gualou)is the dried ripe fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.or Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms(Cucurbitaceae family).It demonstrates significant therapeutic effects in treating coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus,while also possessing anti-cancer and anti-aging properties.Both Trichosanthis Pericarpium(Gualoupi)and Trichosanthis Semen(Gualouzi)are used medicinally.With the increasing clinical application of Trichosanthes medicinal materials and their preparations(such as Gualou Injection and Gualou Tablets),the demand for them is expected to grow substantially.To further investigate Trichosanthis Fructus,explore its medicinal effects and new applications,and promote the development of Trichosanthis Fructus-based products,this paper reviewed the chemical components of Trichosanthis Fructus.Furthermore,the differences in major chemical components among Trichosanthis Fructus,Trichosanthis Pericarpium and Trichosanthis Semen were compared,providing a scientific basis for establishing quality evaluation standards of Trichosanthes medicinal materials.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2020R1C1C1004107)。
文摘Acupuncture,a therapeutic practice rooted in traditional Chinese medicine and integrated with modern neuroscience,achieves its effects by stimulating sensory nerves at specific anatomical points known as acupoints.This review systematically explores the therapeutic components of acupuncture,emphasizing the interplay between sensory nerve characteristics and neural signaling pathways.Key factors such as acupoint location,needling depth,stimulation intensity,retention time,and the induction of sensations(e.g.,Deqi)are analyzed for their roles in neural activation and clinical outcomes.The review highlights how variations in spinal segment targeting,tissue-specific receptor activation,and stimulation modalities(e.g.,manual acupuncture,electroacupuncture,moxibustion)influence therapeutic effects.Emerging evidence underscores the significance of ion channels,dermatomes,myotomes,and genespecific pathways in mediating systemic effects.Additionally,the differential roles of mechanical,thermal and nociceptive stimuli and the temporal dynamics of sensory and immune responses are addressed.While insights from animal models have advanced our understanding,their translation to clinical practice requires further investigation.This comprehensive review identifies critical parameters for optimizing acupuncture therapy,advocating for individualized treatment strategies informed by neuroanatomical and neurophysiological principles,ultimately enhancing its precision and efficacy in modern medicine.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82160771NATCM's Project of High-Level Construction of Key TCM Disciplines:Traditional Medicine of Chinese Minority(Zhuang Medicine),No.zyyzdxk-2023165+7 种基金Guangxi One Thousand Young and Middle-Aged College and University Backbones Teachers Cultivation Program,No.[2019]5Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Multidisciplinary Cross Innovation Team Project,No.GZKJ2309Guangxi Key R&D Plan Project,No.AB21196016Guangxi Key Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhuang Pharmacy,No.GZXK-Z-20-64The First-Class Subject of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Ethnic Pharmacy)in Guangxi,No.[2018]12Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project,No.AD20238058 and No.AD21238031the Third Batch of Cultivating High-level Talent Teams in the“Qi Huang Project”of the Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,No.202406and Huang Danian Style Teacher Team From Universities in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region“Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Teacher Team”,No.[2023]31.
文摘AIM To investigate the material basis and mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of DLC in T2DM.METHODS T2DM was triggered in rats using a high-sugar,high-fat diet alongside 35 mg/kg streptozotocin.The effect of DLC on the intestinal microbiota in T2DM rats was analyzed via 16S rDNA sequencing.Targeted metabolomics was conducted to evaluate the impact of DLC on the levels of nine short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Untargeted metabolomics examined DLC-induced alterations in fecal metabolites and associated metabolic pathways.Additionally,Spearman’s correlation analysis assessed gut microbiota and fecal metabolite relationships.RESULTS DLC significantly attenuated pathological weight loss,reduced fasting blood glucose levels,restored blood sugar homeostasis,and ameliorated dyslipidemia in T2DM rats.The 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that DLC enhanced microbial diversity and reversed intestinal dysbiosis.Targeted metabolomics indicated decreased acetic acid and propionic acid levels and increased butyric acid,isobutyric acid,and 2-methylbutyric acid levels after DLC treatment.Untargeted metabolomics revealed 57 metabolites with altered expression associated with amino acid,carbohydrate,purine,and biotin pathways.The Spearman analysis demonstrated significant links between specific gut microbiota taxa and fecal metabolites.CONCLUSION DLC may exert hypoglycemic effects by modulating intestinal flora genera,SCFA levels,and fecal metabolites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22375023)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0452)+5 种基金Hebei Natural Science Foundation(E2024105006)Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024ME040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024CX06053)National College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410007038X)funded by the Australian Research Council/Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DECRA)funding scheme(project number DE230100180)the Australian Research Council/Industrial Transformation Research Hubs funding scheme(project number IH220100002).
文摘The widespread use of lithium batteries has led to frequent fire hazards,which significantly threaten both human lives and property safety.One of the primary challenges in enhancing the fire safety of lithium batteries lies in the flammability of their organic components.As electronic devices continue to proliferate,the integration of liquid electrolytes and separators has become common.However,these components are prone to high volatility and leakage,which limits their safety.Fortunately,recent advancements in solid-state and gel electrolytes have demonstrated promising performance in laboratory settings,providing solutions to these issues.Typically,improving the flame retardancy and fire safety of lithium batteries involves careful design of the formulations or molecular structures of the organic materials.Moreover,the internal interfacial interactions also play a vital role in ensuring safety.This review examines the innovative design strategies developed over the past 5 years to address the fire safety concerns associated with lithium batteries.Future advancements in the next generation of high-safety lithium batteries should not only focus on optimizing component design but also emphasize rigorous operational testing.This dual approach will drive further progress in battery safety research and development,enhancing the overall reliability of lithium battery systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3600800)the non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2023-RC330–01)+1 种基金the Special Research Fund for Central Universities,Peking Union Medical College(No.3332023087)the Population and Aging Health Science Program(No.WH10022023035).
文摘The specific and cumulative effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))components on hypertension remain less defined,notably in susceptible older adults.This national study utilized a representative sample of 220,425 older adults in China,to scrutinize their relationship.Residential PM_(2.5)and five chemical components(black carbon(BC),organic matter(OM),sulphate(SO_(4)^(2−)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)))were estimated by the bilinear interpolation.Associations between PM_(2.5)and five chemical components with hypertension were examined through two-stage logistic regression models,with population attributable fractions(PAFs)determined via counterfactual analysis.Elevated exposure to PM_(2.5)and its components was generally linked to higher hypertension prevalence.With each interquartile range increase,the odds ratio(OR)of hypertension rose by 1.09(95%CI:1.08–1.11)for NO_(3)^(−),1.06(95%CI:1.05–1.08)for NH_(4)^(+),1.06(95%CI:1.05–1.07)for OM,1.05(95%CI:1.04–1.06)for BC,and 1.06(95%CI:1.04–1.07)for SO42-.Notably,the cumulative impact of five PM_(2.5)chemical components(OR:1.13,95%CI:1.12–1.13)was significantly greater than the effect of total PM_(2.5)mass alone(OR:1.04,95%CI:1.03–1.05).Regarding PAFs,NO_(3)^(−)represented the strongest contribution to hypertension,followed by OM,NH_(4)^(+),SO_(4)^(2−),and BC.Furthermore,the effects were accentuated in low socio-economic population.These findings underline that using total PM_(2.5)as a surrogate marker may underestimate the comprehensive impact of its chemical components,underscoring the necessity for targeted interventions to reduce emissions of specific PM_(2.5)chemical constituents.
基金support from the Science Research Program Project for Drug Regulation,Jiangsu Medical Products Administration,China(Grant No.:202207)the National Drug Standards Revision Project,China(Grant No.:2023Y41)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:22276080)the Foreign Expert Project,China(Grant No.:G2022014096L).
文摘In-depth study of the components of polymyxins is the key to controlling the quality of this class of antibiotics.Similarities and variations of components present significant analytical challenges.A two-dimensional(2D)liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)method was established for screening and comprehensive profiling of compositions of the antibiotic colistimethate sodium(CMS).A high concentration of phosphate buffer mobile phase was used in the first-dimensional LC system to get the components well separated.For efficient and high-accuracy screening of CMS,a targeted method based on a self-constructed high resolution(HR)mass spectrum database of CMS components was established.The database was built based on the commercial MassHunter Personal Compound Database and Library(PCDL)software and its accuracy of the compound matching result was verified with six known components before being applied to genuine sample screening.On this basis,the unknown peaks in the CMS chromatograms were deduced and assigned.The molecular formula,group composition,and origins of a total of 99 compounds,of which the combined area percentage accounted for more than 95%of CMS components,were deduced by this 2D-LC-MS method combined with the MassHunter PCDL.This profiling method was highly efficient and could distinguish hundreds of components within 3 h,providing reliable results for quality control of this kind of complex drugs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3701204)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20231300).
文摘Based on the chemical composition data of a regional long-lasting haze event that occurred in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region from 17 December 2023 to 8 January 2024,the evolutionary characteristics of the chemical components and sources of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)under different pollution levels were comparatively analyzed using PMF(Positive Matrix Factorization)and backward trajectory analysis.SNA(NO_(3)^(-),NH_(4)^(+),SO_(4)^(2-))was found to be the primary chemical component of PM2.5,making up 63.6%(clean days)to 69.7%(heavy pollution)of it.The NO_(3)^(-)concentration was 3.14(clean days)to 6.01(heavy pollution)times higher than that of SO_(4)^(2-).NO_(3)^(-),POC,Fe,Mn,Al concentrations increased,while SOC,EC,crustal elements(Ca,Si)and other water-soluble ions(WSIs)concentrations decreased as the pollution level increased.The contribution of secondary inorganics and biomass-burning emissions and industrial and ship emissions increased significantly as the pollution level increased,which accounted for 40.3%and 36.7%,respectively,in the heavy pollution stage.The contribution of traffic sources decreases gradually with increasing pollution levels,accounting for only 59.1%of the light pollution stage in the heavy pollution stage.PM_(2.5) and its main chemical components showed similar potential source distribution,located in the northwest(Fuyang,Huainan,Nanjing),south(Taizhou,Lishui,Jiande)and north(Taizhou,Yancheng).However,distinct transport routes were observed under the different air quality levels.During the heavy pollution period,the polluted air masses primarily came from the harbor regions,whereas during the light pollution period they were transported from the southeast(Taizhou)and the North China Plain.
