A natural extension of the Lorentz transformation to its complex version was constructed together with a parallel extension of the Minkowski M<sup>4</sup> model for special relativity (SR) to complex C<...A natural extension of the Lorentz transformation to its complex version was constructed together with a parallel extension of the Minkowski M<sup>4</sup> model for special relativity (SR) to complex C<sup>4</sup> space-time. As the [signed] absolute values of complex coordinates of the underlying motion’s characterization in C<sup>4</sup> one obtains a Newtonian-like type of motion whereas as the real parts of the complex motion’s description and of the complex Lorentz transformation, all the SR theory as modeled by M<sup>4</sup> real space-time can be recovered. This means all the SR theory is preserved in the real subspace M<sup>4</sup> of the space-time C<sup>4</sup> while becoming simpler and clearer in the new complex model’s framework. Since velocities in the complex model can be determined geometrically, with no primary use of time, time turns out to be definable within the equivalent theory of the reduced complex C<sup>4</sup> model to the C<sup>3</sup> “para-space” model. That procedure allows us to separate time from the (para)space and consider all the SR theory as a theory of C<sup>3</sup> alone. On the other hand, the complex time defined within the C<sup>3</sup> theory is interpreted and modeled by the single separate C<sup>1</sup> complex plane. The possibility for application of the C<sup>3</sup> model to quantum mechanics is suggested. As such, the model C<sup>3</sup> seems to have unifying abilities for application to different physical theories.展开更多
Electron transfer reaction between a simplified model molecule of α amino carbon centered radical and O 2 has been studied with ab initio calculations at the MP2/6 31++G ** //UHF/6 31++G ** leve...Electron transfer reaction between a simplified model molecule of α amino carbon centered radical and O 2 has been studied with ab initio calculations at the MP2/6 31++G ** //UHF/6 31++G ** level. The reactant complex and the ion pair complex have been optimized and employed to perform calculations of the reaction heat and the reorganization energy. Solvent effects have been considered by applying the conductor like screening model. Theoretical results show that the highly endothermic charge separation process, in which one electron transfers from the α amino carbon centered radical to O 2, so as to form an ion pair complex, is difficult to occur in gas phase. By applying an external electronic field to prepare the charge localized molecular orbitals, the charge separated state has been obtained using the initial guess induced self consistent field technique. The theoretical investigations indicate that the solvent effect in the process of the oxidation of α amino carbon centered radical by O 2 is remarkable. From the rate constant estimation, it can be predicted that the oxidation of the model donor molecule by O 2 can proceed, but not very fast. A peroxyl radical compound has been found to be a competitive intermediate in the oxidation process.展开更多
文摘A natural extension of the Lorentz transformation to its complex version was constructed together with a parallel extension of the Minkowski M<sup>4</sup> model for special relativity (SR) to complex C<sup>4</sup> space-time. As the [signed] absolute values of complex coordinates of the underlying motion’s characterization in C<sup>4</sup> one obtains a Newtonian-like type of motion whereas as the real parts of the complex motion’s description and of the complex Lorentz transformation, all the SR theory as modeled by M<sup>4</sup> real space-time can be recovered. This means all the SR theory is preserved in the real subspace M<sup>4</sup> of the space-time C<sup>4</sup> while becoming simpler and clearer in the new complex model’s framework. Since velocities in the complex model can be determined geometrically, with no primary use of time, time turns out to be definable within the equivalent theory of the reduced complex C<sup>4</sup> model to the C<sup>3</sup> “para-space” model. That procedure allows us to separate time from the (para)space and consider all the SR theory as a theory of C<sup>3</sup> alone. On the other hand, the complex time defined within the C<sup>3</sup> theory is interpreted and modeled by the single separate C<sup>1</sup> complex plane. The possibility for application of the C<sup>3</sup> model to quantum mechanics is suggested. As such, the model C<sup>3</sup> seems to have unifying abilities for application to different physical theories.
文摘Electron transfer reaction between a simplified model molecule of α amino carbon centered radical and O 2 has been studied with ab initio calculations at the MP2/6 31++G ** //UHF/6 31++G ** level. The reactant complex and the ion pair complex have been optimized and employed to perform calculations of the reaction heat and the reorganization energy. Solvent effects have been considered by applying the conductor like screening model. Theoretical results show that the highly endothermic charge separation process, in which one electron transfers from the α amino carbon centered radical to O 2, so as to form an ion pair complex, is difficult to occur in gas phase. By applying an external electronic field to prepare the charge localized molecular orbitals, the charge separated state has been obtained using the initial guess induced self consistent field technique. The theoretical investigations indicate that the solvent effect in the process of the oxidation of α amino carbon centered radical by O 2 is remarkable. From the rate constant estimation, it can be predicted that the oxidation of the model donor molecule by O 2 can proceed, but not very fast. A peroxyl radical compound has been found to be a competitive intermediate in the oxidation process.
