The effects of Cr contents(0.3 and 1.0 wt.%)and isothermal holding temperatures(400,440,and 480℃)on the microstructure evolution and properties of complex phase steel with high formability(CH steel)were investigated ...The effects of Cr contents(0.3 and 1.0 wt.%)and isothermal holding temperatures(400,440,and 480℃)on the microstructure evolution and properties of complex phase steel with high formability(CH steel)were investigated using dilatometry,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray diffraction.The results show that the microstructures of CH steel with 0.3 wt.%Cr are ferrite,granular bainite,martensite,and retained austenite,while no ferrite is observed in the microstructure of CH steel with 1.0 wt.%Cr in the same process.Cr promotes the precipitation of(Nb,Ti)C in the high-temperature austenite region through theoretical calculations and TEM observations.Cr retards the bainite transformation and refines the grain size of CH steel.Furthermore,as isothermal holding temperature increases from 400 to 480℃,the bainite and retained austenite fractions of two CH steels decrease,while the martensite fraction increases in the steels after final quenching.Consequently,the strength has an increasing tendency and the total elongation has a decreasing tendency with increasing isothermal temperature.展开更多
The microstructure characteristics and properties(especially hole expansion property)of 800 MPa hot-rolled complex phase steel with different coiling temperatures were studied.The microstructure consisted of polygonal...The microstructure characteristics and properties(especially hole expansion property)of 800 MPa hot-rolled complex phase steel with different coiling temperatures were studied.The microstructure consisted of polygonal ferrite and precipitates when the steel was coiled at 550℃,and when the steel was coiled between 460–520℃,the microstructure was composed of granular bainite and martensite and austenite(M/A)islands.The morphology of the crack was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,and the in situ scanning electron microscope tensile test was used to find out the fracture mechanism and deformation behavior of the steel with different coiling temperatures.When the steel was coiled at 550℃,the cracks initiated at the ferrite grain boundary and propagated through the grains or along the grain boundaries.When the steel was coiled at 520℃,the cracks first initiated at the junction of ferrite and M/A island and then propagated through the grains.The steel coiled at 520℃ has quite good mechanical properties and relatively high hole expansion ratio.展开更多
Complex networks have established themselves in recent years as being particularly suitable and flexible for representing and modelling many complex natural and artificial systems. Oil-water two-phase flow is one of t...Complex networks have established themselves in recent years as being particularly suitable and flexible for representing and modelling many complex natural and artificial systems. Oil-water two-phase flow is one of the most complex systems. In this paper, we use complex networks to study the inclined oil water two-phase flow. Two different complex network construction methods are proposed to build two types of networks, i.e. the flow pattern complex network （FPCN） and fluid dynamic complex network （FDCN）. Through detecting the community structure of FPCN by the community-detection algorithm based on K-means clustering, useful and interesting results are found which can be used for identifying three inclined oil-water flow patterns. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of the inclined oil-water two-phase flow, we construct 48 FDCNs under different flow conditions, and find that the power-law exponent and the network information entropy, which are sensitive to the flow pattern transition, can both characterize the nonlinear dynamics of the inclined oil-water two-phase flow. In this paper, from a new perspective, we not only introduce a complex network theory into the study of the oil-water two-phase flow but also indicate that the complex network may be a powerful tool for exploring nonlinear time series in practice.展开更多
Lanthanide-containing liquid crystals exhibiting smectic A phase close to room temperature were obtained. Photoacoustic （PA） spectroscopy was used to study the spectral properties and phase transitions of liquid cry...Lanthanide-containing liquid crystals exhibiting smectic A phase close to room temperature were obtained. Photoacoustic （PA） spectroscopy was used to study the spectral properties and phase transitions of liquid crystalline metal complexes. It was found that PA intensity of the ligand had a relationship with the probability of nonradiative transitions, which increased in the order of Eu（tta）3L2〈La（tta）3L2〈 Tb（tta）3L2〈Er（tta）3L2. The relaxation processes of the complexes were studied in depth from two aspects： radiative and non-radiative processes, combining with their fluorescence spectra. Phase transitions of europium（m） and erbium（m） complexes, in the temperature range of 383-358 K, could be clearly monitored by both PA amplitude and PA phase signals. As the temperature crossed the transition point, PA amplitude showed a minimum and PA phase a maximum. The results indicated that PA technique could serve as a new tool for investigating the physicochemical properties of liquid crystals containing metal ions.展开更多
Here we review a new class of mixing rules (hat have extended range of mixtures and conditions that can now be described by equation of state models. One characteristic of these mixing rules is that they simultaneousl...Here we review a new class of mixing rules (hat have extended range of mixtures and conditions that can now be described by equation of state models. One characteristic of these mixing rules is that they simultaneously satisfy the boundary conditions of producing a second virial coefficient that is quadratic in mole fraction, and a free energy of mixing like that of an activity coefficient model at high density, though the mixing rule is itself independent of density. We show that using this mixing rule, various asymmetric, highly nonideal mixtures can be accurately described. One serendipitous result is that the parameters in this mixing rule model are almost independent of temperature, which allows accurate extrapolations of phase behavior to be made over large ranges of temperature and pressure.展开更多
The dynamic characteristic of complex network failure and recovery is one of the main research topics in complex networks. Real world systems such as traffic jams and Internet recovery could be described by the comple...The dynamic characteristic of complex network failure and recovery is one of the main research topics in complex networks. Real world systems such as traffic jams and Internet recovery could be described by the complex network theory. We propose a model to study the recovery process in complex networks. Two different recovery mechanisms are considered in three kinds of networks： external recovery and internal recovery. By simulating the process of the nodes recovery in networks, it is found that the system exhibits the feature of first-order phase transition only when the external recovery is considered. Internal recovery cannot induce such a kind of transitions. As external recovery and internal recovery coexist on networks, the systems will retain the most efficient part of external recovery and internal recovery. Meanwhile, a hysteresis could be observed when increasing or decreasing the failure probability. Finally, a largest degree node protection strategy is proposed for improving the robustness of networks.展开更多
Acyl chloride can efficiently be converted into anhydride under solid liquid phase transfer catalysis by using bis(triphenylphosphine)cobalt dichloride or bis(triphenylphospine)palladium dichloride as the catalyst.
We extend the complexity entropy causality plane（CECP） to propose a multi-scale complexity entropy causality plane（MS-CECP） and further use the proposed method to discriminate the deterministic characteristics of ...We extend the complexity entropy causality plane（CECP） to propose a multi-scale complexity entropy causality plane（MS-CECP） and further use the proposed method to discriminate the deterministic characteristics of different oil-in-water flows. We first take several typical time series for example to investigate the characteristic of the MS-CECP and find that the MS-CECP not only describes the continuous loss of dynamical structure with the increase of scale, but also reflects the determinacy of the system. Then we calculate the MS-CECP for the conductance fluctuating signals measured from oil–water two-phase flow loop test facility. The results indicate that the MS-CECP could be an intrinsic measure for indicating oil-in-water two-phase flow structures.展开更多
Modern processing technology is calling the scientific understanding of dynamic processes,where the science of complex fluids plays a central role.We summarize our recent efforts using the generic approaches of multi-...Modern processing technology is calling the scientific understanding of dynamic processes,where the science of complex fluids plays a central role.We summarize our recent efforts using the generic approaches of multi-scale physics of complex fluids on apparently irrelevant processes,i.e.the mixing of polymer blends,the processing of thermoplastic(TP) toughened thermosetting(TS) composites using phase separation of TP in TS,as well as the enhanced oil recovery using polymer soft gel.It is emphasized that the thorough physical understanding in multi-scales of time and space through the joint efforts of experiment and theory in each scale is the key issue for the modeling of various processes.展开更多
Due to the fact that traditional ray field tracking approaches require a large number of geometrical optical（GO） ray tubes,they are very inefficient in many practical applications.An improved ray model scheme for a ...Due to the fact that traditional ray field tracking approaches require a large number of geometrical optical（GO） ray tubes,they are very inefficient in many practical applications.An improved ray model scheme for a complex source beam（CSB） tracking technique is proposed in this paper.The source field can be expressed by a superposition of CSBs,then every CSB basis function has a Gaussian-type amplitude distribution and is suitable for replacing a GO ray tube in the ray tracing approach.The complex phase matching technique is adopted to find the reflected beam in the reflection point where local approximation is used to represent the curved surface in its neighborhood.A new solution to multiple reflections using the conventional right-handed reflected system is used to track the field easily.Numerical results show the accuracy of the proposed method.展开更多
The thermal stability of latent resin systems, cycloaliphatic epoxy/4,4＇- dihydroxydiphenylsulfone/aluminum complexes, was investigated by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis. Experiments were ...The thermal stability of latent resin systems, cycloaliphatic epoxy/4,4＇- dihydroxydiphenylsulfone/aluminum complexes, was investigated by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis. Experiments were conducted under non-isothermal condition in a nitrogen atmosphere at the heating rate of 10, 20, 30 and 40 ℃/min, respectively. TG curves showed that, in the temperature range of 25 to 600 ℃, the stability of the resin systems could be enhanced by increasing the length of the aliphatic chain in the initiator. Both the Kissinger method and the Ozawa-Flyrm-Wall method were employed to calculate activation energies of the decomposition reaction, and the values obtained from the two methods were compared. Moreover, the corresponding reaction mechanism was identified by the Achar differential method and the Coats- Redfem integral method. The experimental results showed that these four methods were reliable and effective to study the kinetics of the thermal decomposition reaction; and the most probable thermal decomposition mechanism of the resin systems we proposed was found to comply with Mampel power law （m=1）.展开更多
Phase change microcapsules can carry large amounts of heat and be dispersed into other mediums either as a solid composite or as slurry fluids without changes to their appearance or fluidity. These two standout featur...Phase change microcapsules can carry large amounts of heat and be dispersed into other mediums either as a solid composite or as slurry fluids without changes to their appearance or fluidity. These two standout features make phase change microcapsules ideal for use in thermal energy applications to enhance the efficiency of energy utilisation. This review paper includes methods used for the encapsulation of phase change materials, especially the method suitable for large scale productions, the trends of phase change microcapsule development and their use in thermal energy applications in static and dynamic conditions. The effect of phase change microcapsules on convective heat transfer through addition to thermal fluids as slurries is critically reviewed. The review highlighted that so far the phase change microcapsules used mainly have polymeric shells, which has very low thermal conductivities. Their enhancement in convective heat transfer was demonstrated in locations where the phase change material experiences phase change. The phase change results in the slurries having higher apparent local specific heat capacities and thus higher local heat transfer coefficients. Out of the phase change region, no enhancement is observed from the solid microcapsule particles due to the low specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the phase change microcapsules compared to that of water, which is normally used as slurry media in the test. To further the research in this area, phase change microcapsules with higher specific heat capacity, higher thermal conductivity and better shape stability need to be applied.展开更多
The signal synchronization transmission of a spatiotemporal chaos network is investigated. The structure of the coupling function between connected nodes of the complex network and the value range of the linear term c...The signal synchronization transmission of a spatiotemporal chaos network is investigated. The structure of the coupling function between connected nodes of the complex network and the value range of the linear term coefficient of the separated configuration in state equation of the node are obtained through constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function. Each node of the complex network is a laser spatiotemporal chaos model in which the phase-conjugate wave and the unilateral coupled map lattice are taken as a local function and a spatially extended system, respectively. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the signal synchronization transmission principle of the network.展开更多
The dialysis method has been traditionally used for the conversion of native human plasminogen(Glu-Hpg) to lys-plasminogen(Lys-Hpg). Here is described a solid-phase synthesis method for the preparation of an acyl-plas...The dialysis method has been traditionally used for the conversion of native human plasminogen(Glu-Hpg) to lys-plasminogen(Lys-Hpg). Here is described a solid-phase synthesis method for the preparation of an acyl-plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex(APSAC) from Lys-Hpg, streptokinase(SK) and chemical modification (agent(4-amidinophenyl-4′-aminobenzoate hydrochloride)) with the L-lysine-Sepharose 4B Column as the carrier. The new method significantly increases the product yield and purity over the liquid-phase methods. The APSAC prepared with the new method exhibits a significant thrombolytic effect with a long half-life of about 8.8 h in rabbits.展开更多
Pelitic granulite from the Huangtuyao area,occurrs in the Huai'an Complex,is located in the Trans-North China Orogen of the North China Craton.On the basis of petrolography,mineral component,and phase equilibrium ...Pelitic granulite from the Huangtuyao area,occurrs in the Huai'an Complex,is located in the Trans-North China Orogen of the North China Craton.On the basis of petrolography,mineral component,and phase equilibrium modeling studies,the P-T conditions and mineral assemblages of pelitic granulites can be divided into four metamorphic stages:the prograde metamorphic stage M1 defined by the stable mineral assemblage of Grt1(garnet core)+Pl+Bt+Kfs+Qz+Rt,the peak pressure Pmax stage M2 indicated by Grt2(garnet mantle)+Kfs±(Ky)+Rt+Qz+Liq(melt),peak temperature Tmax stage M3 characterized by Grt3(garnet rim)+Sill+Pl+Kfs+Qz+Ilm+Liq,and retrograde stage M4 represented by Grt(in matrix)+Kfs+Sill+Bt+Pl+Qz+Ilm.By using the THERMOCALC V340,the P-T conditions are estimated at^13.8–14.1 kbar and^840–850℃at stage M2,and 7–7.2 kbar and 909–915℃for the Tmax stage M3,indicating an ultra-high temperature(UHT)metamorphic overprinting during decompression and heating process after high pressure granulite facies metamorphism.The mineral assemblages and their P-T conditions presented a clockwise P-T trajectory for the Huangtuyao pelitic granulites.The major metamorphic events at^1.95 and^1.88 Ga obtained by the zircon U-Pb dating suggest that pelitic granulites from the Huangtuyao area has undergone HP granulite metamorphism which probably occurred in the prograde metamorphism and related to the collision between the Ordos and the Yinshan blocks,and afterwards UHT metamorphism is related to crustal extension after continental-continental collision.展开更多
Thermodynamic studies were carried out for the vapor complex of sodium chloride with zirconium tetrachloride at 718-778 K and 0.5-2.5 kPa by using high temperature phase equilibrium-quenching experiments, taking close...Thermodynamic studies were carried out for the vapor complex of sodium chloride with zirconium tetrachloride at 718-778 K and 0.5-2.5 kPa by using high temperature phase equilibrium-quenching experiments, taking closed Pyrex glass ampoules as the reaction containers. The results show that the sole predominant vapor complex is Na_2ZrCl_6 for the ZrCl4-NaCl system under the experimental conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic functions of the reaction 2NaCl(s)+ZrCl4(g)=Na_2ZrCl_6(g) have been derived from the measurements. The results for the changes in enthalpy and entropy are △H0=(-70.1±1.5) kJ/mol and △S0=(-105.9±2.0) J/(mol·K) in the temperature range.展开更多
Rodingitization,commonly coupled with serpentinization of ultramafic rocks,bears significant information for fluid-rock interactions and element transfer from sea-floor to subduction zone environments.Numerous outcrop...Rodingitization,commonly coupled with serpentinization of ultramafic rocks,bears significant information for fluid-rock interactions and element transfer from sea-floor to subduction zone environments.Numerous outcrops of rodingites are exposed along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone(YZSZ)of southern Tibet,providing us an excellent opportunity to probe the petrogenetic processes,and unravel their implications for regional tectonic evolution.Several studies have been performed on rodingites from the eastern to central portions of the YZSZ,whereas limited work has ever been conducted on rodingitized rocks from the western segment of the YZSZ,precluding a comprehensive understanding of this lithological type.In this paper,we present detailed studies of petrology,mineral,whole-rock geochemistry and phase equilibrium modeling on a suite of newly recognized rodingites within the Purang ophiolite massif in the southwestern part of the YZSZ.The rodingites have a major metasomatic mineral association of chlorite,clinozoisite,amphibole and minor amounts of plagioclase,representing products of an early-stage rodingitization.They generally present compositions of low SiO2(48.89 wt.%–53.57 wt.%),Fe2O3^T(3.77 wt.%–5.56 wt.%),Na2O(1.31 wt.%–1.93 wt.%),Al2O3(4.78 wt.%–8.84 wt.%),moderate CaO(9.69 wt.%–11.23 wt.%),and high MgO(24.11 wt.%–26.08 wt.%)concentrations with extremely high Mg^# values[Mg^#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe^2+)molar]of 89–92.Bulk-rock recalculation reveals that the rodingites have a protolith of mantle-derived olivine gabbro or gabbronorite.They have low rare earth element compositions(∑REE=2.4 ppm–6.5 ppm)and are characterized by flat LREE and slightly enriched HREE patterns with positive Eu anomalies;they also exhibit positive anomalies in Sr,U and Pb and negative anomalies in high-field strength elements,including Nb,P and Ti,suggesting for a subduction-zone imprinting.Phase equilibrium modeling shows that the rodingitization did take place at P<2 kbar and T=~350–400℃,consistent with low greenschist facies conditions.Taking into account of all these petrological and geochemical features,we propose that the rodingites record evidence of early-stage fluid-rock interactions between olivine gabbroic rocks and Ca-rich fluids,which may have derived from weakly serpentinized ultramafic country rocks.Although this process may initially have occurred in a mid-ocean ridge setting,an obvious overprinting by supra-subduction zone fluids in a fore-arc environment is recognized.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province(No.2019TSLH0103)the New Energy Automobile Material Production and Application Demonstration Platform Project(No.TC180A6MR-1)Guangxi Innovation-Driven Development Special Fund Project(No.AA18242012).
文摘The effects of Cr contents(0.3 and 1.0 wt.%)and isothermal holding temperatures(400,440,and 480℃)on the microstructure evolution and properties of complex phase steel with high formability(CH steel)were investigated using dilatometry,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray diffraction.The results show that the microstructures of CH steel with 0.3 wt.%Cr are ferrite,granular bainite,martensite,and retained austenite,while no ferrite is observed in the microstructure of CH steel with 1.0 wt.%Cr in the same process.Cr promotes the precipitation of(Nb,Ti)C in the high-temperature austenite region through theoretical calculations and TEM observations.Cr retards the bainite transformation and refines the grain size of CH steel.Furthermore,as isothermal holding temperature increases from 400 to 480℃,the bainite and retained austenite fractions of two CH steels decrease,while the martensite fraction increases in the steels after final quenching.Consequently,the strength has an increasing tendency and the total elongation has a decreasing tendency with increasing isothermal temperature.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of China Electric Power Research Institute(No.51601174).
文摘The microstructure characteristics and properties(especially hole expansion property)of 800 MPa hot-rolled complex phase steel with different coiling temperatures were studied.The microstructure consisted of polygonal ferrite and precipitates when the steel was coiled at 550℃,and when the steel was coiled between 460–520℃,the microstructure was composed of granular bainite and martensite and austenite(M/A)islands.The morphology of the crack was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy,and the in situ scanning electron microscope tensile test was used to find out the fracture mechanism and deformation behavior of the steel with different coiling temperatures.When the steel was coiled at 550℃,the cracks initiated at the ferrite grain boundary and propagated through the grains or along the grain boundaries.When the steel was coiled at 520℃,the cracks first initiated at the junction of ferrite and M/A island and then propagated through the grains.The steel coiled at 520℃ has quite good mechanical properties and relatively high hole expansion ratio.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 50674070 and 60374041)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No 2007AA06Z231)
文摘Complex networks have established themselves in recent years as being particularly suitable and flexible for representing and modelling many complex natural and artificial systems. Oil-water two-phase flow is one of the most complex systems. In this paper, we use complex networks to study the inclined oil water two-phase flow. Two different complex network construction methods are proposed to build two types of networks, i.e. the flow pattern complex network （FPCN） and fluid dynamic complex network （FDCN）. Through detecting the community structure of FPCN by the community-detection algorithm based on K-means clustering, useful and interesting results are found which can be used for identifying three inclined oil-water flow patterns. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of the inclined oil-water two-phase flow, we construct 48 FDCNs under different flow conditions, and find that the power-law exponent and the network information entropy, which are sensitive to the flow pattern transition, can both characterize the nonlinear dynamics of the inclined oil-water two-phase flow. In this paper, from a new perspective, we not only introduce a complex network theory into the study of the oil-water two-phase flow but also indicate that the complex network may be a powerful tool for exploring nonlinear time series in practice.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10574073, 10574071)
文摘Lanthanide-containing liquid crystals exhibiting smectic A phase close to room temperature were obtained. Photoacoustic （PA） spectroscopy was used to study the spectral properties and phase transitions of liquid crystalline metal complexes. It was found that PA intensity of the ligand had a relationship with the probability of nonradiative transitions, which increased in the order of Eu（tta）3L2〈La（tta）3L2〈 Tb（tta）3L2〈Er（tta）3L2. The relaxation processes of the complexes were studied in depth from two aspects： radiative and non-radiative processes, combining with their fluorescence spectra. Phase transitions of europium（m） and erbium（m） complexes, in the temperature range of 383-358 K, could be clearly monitored by both PA amplitude and PA phase signals. As the temperature crossed the transition point, PA amplitude showed a minimum and PA phase a maximum. The results indicated that PA technique could serve as a new tool for investigating the physicochemical properties of liquid crystals containing metal ions.
文摘Here we review a new class of mixing rules (hat have extended range of mixtures and conditions that can now be described by equation of state models. One characteristic of these mixing rules is that they simultaneously satisfy the boundary conditions of producing a second virial coefficient that is quadratic in mole fraction, and a free energy of mixing like that of an activity coefficient model at high density, though the mixing rule is itself independent of density. We show that using this mixing rule, various asymmetric, highly nonideal mixtures can be accurately described. One serendipitous result is that the parameters in this mixing rule model are almost independent of temperature, which allows accurate extrapolations of phase behavior to be made over large ranges of temperature and pressure.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science foundation of China under Grant No 11474221
文摘The dynamic characteristic of complex network failure and recovery is one of the main research topics in complex networks. Real world systems such as traffic jams and Internet recovery could be described by the complex network theory. We propose a model to study the recovery process in complex networks. Two different recovery mechanisms are considered in three kinds of networks： external recovery and internal recovery. By simulating the process of the nodes recovery in networks, it is found that the system exhibits the feature of first-order phase transition only when the external recovery is considered. Internal recovery cannot induce such a kind of transitions. As external recovery and internal recovery coexist on networks, the systems will retain the most efficient part of external recovery and internal recovery. Meanwhile, a hysteresis could be observed when increasing or decreasing the failure probability. Finally, a largest degree node protection strategy is proposed for improving the robustness of networks.
文摘Acyl chloride can efficiently be converted into anhydride under solid liquid phase transfer catalysis by using bis(triphenylphosphine)cobalt dichloride or bis(triphenylphospine)palladium dichloride as the catalyst.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41174109 and 61104148)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2011ZX05020-006)the Zhejiang Key Discipline of Instrument Science and Technology,China(Grant No.JL130106)
文摘We extend the complexity entropy causality plane（CECP） to propose a multi-scale complexity entropy causality plane（MS-CECP） and further use the proposed method to discriminate the deterministic characteristics of different oil-in-water flows. We first take several typical time series for example to investigate the characteristic of the MS-CECP and find that the MS-CECP not only describes the continuous loss of dynamical structure with the increase of scale, but also reflects the determinacy of the system. Then we calculate the MS-CECP for the conductance fluctuating signals measured from oil–water two-phase flow loop test facility. The results indicate that the MS-CECP could be an intrinsic measure for indicating oil-in-water two-phase flow structures.
基金Project(20490224) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2003CB615604) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProject supported by Shengli oil field,SINOPEC Petrochemical Co. Ltd.
文摘Modern processing technology is calling the scientific understanding of dynamic processes,where the science of complex fluids plays a central role.We summarize our recent efforts using the generic approaches of multi-scale physics of complex fluids on apparently irrelevant processes,i.e.the mixing of polymer blends,the processing of thermoplastic(TP) toughened thermosetting(TS) composites using phase separation of TP in TS,as well as the enhanced oil recovery using polymer soft gel.It is emphasized that the thorough physical understanding in multi-scales of time and space through the joint efforts of experiment and theory in each scale is the key issue for the modeling of various processes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61301056 and 61231001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.ZYGX2014J012)+2 种基金the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation,China(Grant No.141062)the Aero-Science Fund,China(Grant No.20142580012)the"111"Project(Grant No.B07046)
文摘Due to the fact that traditional ray field tracking approaches require a large number of geometrical optical（GO） ray tubes,they are very inefficient in many practical applications.An improved ray model scheme for a complex source beam（CSB） tracking technique is proposed in this paper.The source field can be expressed by a superposition of CSBs,then every CSB basis function has a Gaussian-type amplitude distribution and is suitable for replacing a GO ray tube in the ray tracing approach.The complex phase matching technique is adopted to find the reflected beam in the reflection point where local approximation is used to represent the curved surface in its neighborhood.A new solution to multiple reflections using the conventional right-handed reflected system is used to track the field easily.Numerical results show the accuracy of the proposed method.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50973023 and 50773016)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-09-0060)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2011ZF77010)
文摘The thermal stability of latent resin systems, cycloaliphatic epoxy/4,4＇- dihydroxydiphenylsulfone/aluminum complexes, was investigated by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis. Experiments were conducted under non-isothermal condition in a nitrogen atmosphere at the heating rate of 10, 20, 30 and 40 ℃/min, respectively. TG curves showed that, in the temperature range of 25 to 600 ℃, the stability of the resin systems could be enhanced by increasing the length of the aliphatic chain in the initiator. Both the Kissinger method and the Ozawa-Flyrm-Wall method were employed to calculate activation energies of the decomposition reaction, and the values obtained from the two methods were compared. Moreover, the corresponding reaction mechanism was identified by the Achar differential method and the Coats- Redfem integral method. The experimental results showed that these four methods were reliable and effective to study the kinetics of the thermal decomposition reaction; and the most probable thermal decomposition mechanism of the resin systems we proposed was found to comply with Mampel power law （m=1）.
文摘Phase change microcapsules can carry large amounts of heat and be dispersed into other mediums either as a solid composite or as slurry fluids without changes to their appearance or fluidity. These two standout features make phase change microcapsules ideal for use in thermal energy applications to enhance the efficiency of energy utilisation. This review paper includes methods used for the encapsulation of phase change materials, especially the method suitable for large scale productions, the trends of phase change microcapsule development and their use in thermal energy applications in static and dynamic conditions. The effect of phase change microcapsules on convective heat transfer through addition to thermal fluids as slurries is critically reviewed. The review highlighted that so far the phase change microcapsules used mainly have polymeric shells, which has very low thermal conductivities. Their enhancement in convective heat transfer was demonstrated in locations where the phase change material experiences phase change. The phase change results in the slurries having higher apparent local specific heat capacities and thus higher local heat transfer coefficients. Out of the phase change region, no enhancement is observed from the solid microcapsule particles due to the low specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the phase change microcapsules compared to that of water, which is normally used as slurry media in the test. To further the research in this area, phase change microcapsules with higher specific heat capacity, higher thermal conductivity and better shape stability need to be applied.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China (Grant No. 20082147)
文摘The signal synchronization transmission of a spatiotemporal chaos network is investigated. The structure of the coupling function between connected nodes of the complex network and the value range of the linear term coefficient of the separated configuration in state equation of the node are obtained through constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function. Each node of the complex network is a laser spatiotemporal chaos model in which the phase-conjugate wave and the unilateral coupled map lattice are taken as a local function and a spatially extended system, respectively. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the signal synchronization transmission principle of the network.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No. 2 0 0 3- 0 5 - 5 0 - 2 ) and the Creative Foundation of JilinU niversit
文摘The dialysis method has been traditionally used for the conversion of native human plasminogen(Glu-Hpg) to lys-plasminogen(Lys-Hpg). Here is described a solid-phase synthesis method for the preparation of an acyl-plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex(APSAC) from Lys-Hpg, streptokinase(SK) and chemical modification (agent(4-amidinophenyl-4′-aminobenzoate hydrochloride)) with the L-lysine-Sepharose 4B Column as the carrier. The new method significantly increases the product yield and purity over the liquid-phase methods. The APSAC prepared with the new method exhibits a significant thrombolytic effect with a long half-life of about 8.8 h in rabbits.
基金supported by funds from the NSFC/NRF Research Cooperation Programme (No. 41761144061)the NSFSD (No. ZR2016DM04)the SDUST Research Fund (No. 2015TDJH101)
文摘Pelitic granulite from the Huangtuyao area,occurrs in the Huai'an Complex,is located in the Trans-North China Orogen of the North China Craton.On the basis of petrolography,mineral component,and phase equilibrium modeling studies,the P-T conditions and mineral assemblages of pelitic granulites can be divided into four metamorphic stages:the prograde metamorphic stage M1 defined by the stable mineral assemblage of Grt1(garnet core)+Pl+Bt+Kfs+Qz+Rt,the peak pressure Pmax stage M2 indicated by Grt2(garnet mantle)+Kfs±(Ky)+Rt+Qz+Liq(melt),peak temperature Tmax stage M3 characterized by Grt3(garnet rim)+Sill+Pl+Kfs+Qz+Ilm+Liq,and retrograde stage M4 represented by Grt(in matrix)+Kfs+Sill+Bt+Pl+Qz+Ilm.By using the THERMOCALC V340,the P-T conditions are estimated at^13.8–14.1 kbar and^840–850℃at stage M2,and 7–7.2 kbar and 909–915℃for the Tmax stage M3,indicating an ultra-high temperature(UHT)metamorphic overprinting during decompression and heating process after high pressure granulite facies metamorphism.The mineral assemblages and their P-T conditions presented a clockwise P-T trajectory for the Huangtuyao pelitic granulites.The major metamorphic events at^1.95 and^1.88 Ga obtained by the zircon U-Pb dating suggest that pelitic granulites from the Huangtuyao area has undergone HP granulite metamorphism which probably occurred in the prograde metamorphism and related to the collision between the Ordos and the Yinshan blocks,and afterwards UHT metamorphism is related to crustal extension after continental-continental collision.
基金Project(50274027) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Thermodynamic studies were carried out for the vapor complex of sodium chloride with zirconium tetrachloride at 718-778 K and 0.5-2.5 kPa by using high temperature phase equilibrium-quenching experiments, taking closed Pyrex glass ampoules as the reaction containers. The results show that the sole predominant vapor complex is Na_2ZrCl_6 for the ZrCl4-NaCl system under the experimental conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic functions of the reaction 2NaCl(s)+ZrCl4(g)=Na_2ZrCl_6(g) have been derived from the measurements. The results for the changes in enthalpy and entropy are △H0=(-70.1±1.5) kJ/mol and △S0=(-105.9±2.0) J/(mol·K) in the temperature range.
基金financial supports for this research from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2018BD019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41572044,41230960,41803031)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2017M622232)
文摘Rodingitization,commonly coupled with serpentinization of ultramafic rocks,bears significant information for fluid-rock interactions and element transfer from sea-floor to subduction zone environments.Numerous outcrops of rodingites are exposed along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone(YZSZ)of southern Tibet,providing us an excellent opportunity to probe the petrogenetic processes,and unravel their implications for regional tectonic evolution.Several studies have been performed on rodingites from the eastern to central portions of the YZSZ,whereas limited work has ever been conducted on rodingitized rocks from the western segment of the YZSZ,precluding a comprehensive understanding of this lithological type.In this paper,we present detailed studies of petrology,mineral,whole-rock geochemistry and phase equilibrium modeling on a suite of newly recognized rodingites within the Purang ophiolite massif in the southwestern part of the YZSZ.The rodingites have a major metasomatic mineral association of chlorite,clinozoisite,amphibole and minor amounts of plagioclase,representing products of an early-stage rodingitization.They generally present compositions of low SiO2(48.89 wt.%–53.57 wt.%),Fe2O3^T(3.77 wt.%–5.56 wt.%),Na2O(1.31 wt.%–1.93 wt.%),Al2O3(4.78 wt.%–8.84 wt.%),moderate CaO(9.69 wt.%–11.23 wt.%),and high MgO(24.11 wt.%–26.08 wt.%)concentrations with extremely high Mg^# values[Mg^#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe^2+)molar]of 89–92.Bulk-rock recalculation reveals that the rodingites have a protolith of mantle-derived olivine gabbro or gabbronorite.They have low rare earth element compositions(∑REE=2.4 ppm–6.5 ppm)and are characterized by flat LREE and slightly enriched HREE patterns with positive Eu anomalies;they also exhibit positive anomalies in Sr,U and Pb and negative anomalies in high-field strength elements,including Nb,P and Ti,suggesting for a subduction-zone imprinting.Phase equilibrium modeling shows that the rodingitization did take place at P<2 kbar and T=~350–400℃,consistent with low greenschist facies conditions.Taking into account of all these petrological and geochemical features,we propose that the rodingites record evidence of early-stage fluid-rock interactions between olivine gabbroic rocks and Ca-rich fluids,which may have derived from weakly serpentinized ultramafic country rocks.Although this process may initially have occurred in a mid-ocean ridge setting,an obvious overprinting by supra-subduction zone fluids in a fore-arc environment is recognized.
