In the field of life sciences, although system biology and ＂precision medicine＂ introduce some complex scientific methods and techniques, it is still based on the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ of reductionist theory ...In the field of life sciences, although system biology and ＂precision medicine＂ introduce some complex scientific methods and techniques, it is still based on the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ of reductionist theory as a whole. Adaptability of complex system increase system behaviour uncertainty as well as the difficulties of precise identification and control. It also put systems biology research into trouble. To grasp the behaviour and characteristics of organism fundamentally, systems biology has to abandon the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ concept. In accordance with the guidelines of complexity science, systems biology should build organism model from holistic level, just like the Chinese medicine did in dealing with human body and disease. When we study the living body from the holistic level, we will find the adaptability of complex system is not the obstacle that increases the difficulty of problem solving. It is the ＂exceptional＂, ＂right-hand man＂ that helping us to deal with the complexity of life more effectively.展开更多
A significant number and range of challenges besetting sustainability can be traced to the actions and inter actions of multiple autonomous agents(people mostly)and the entities they create(e.g.,institutions,policies,...A significant number and range of challenges besetting sustainability can be traced to the actions and inter actions of multiple autonomous agents(people mostly)and the entities they create(e.g.,institutions,policies,social network)in the corresponding social-environmental systems(SES).To address these challenges,we need to understand decisions made and actions taken by agents,the outcomes of their actions,including the feedbacks on the corresponding agents and environment.The science of complex adaptive systems-complex adaptive sys tems(CAS)science-has a significant potential to handle such challenges.We address the advantages of CAS science for sustainability by identifying the key elements and challenges in sustainability science,the generic features of CAS,and the key advances and challenges in modeling CAS.Artificial intelligence and data science combined with agent-based modeling promise to improve understanding of agents’behaviors,detect SES struc tures,and formulate SES mechanisms.展开更多
The adaptive neural fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） is used to make a ease study considering features of complex social-technical system with the target of increasing organizational efficiency of public scientific re...The adaptive neural fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） is used to make a ease study considering features of complex social-technical system with the target of increasing organizational efficiency of public scientific research institutions. An integrated ANFIS model is built and the effectiveness of the model is verified by means of investigation data and their processing results. The model merges the learning mechanism of neural network and the language inference ability of fuzzy system, and thereby remedies the defects of neural network and fuzzy logic system. Result of this case study shows that the model is suitable for complicated socio-technical systems and has bright application perspective to solve such problems of prediction, evaluation and policy-making in managerial fields.展开更多
Chromatic adaptation of human eyes to complex field is investigated using binocular asymmetric matching method. The results show that the leve of chromatic adapta- tion mainly depends on the average color of adapting ...Chromatic adaptation of human eyes to complex field is investigated using binocular asymmetric matching method. The results show that the leve of chromatic adapta- tion mainly depends on the average color of adapting field, whereas no obvious change oc- curs when the number of hues and their color differences vary in a complex field. The shifts of perceived color evoked by chromatic adaptation in CIE 1976 L U V color space are approximately proportional to the average color difference between the adapting field and reference field.展开更多
The three surgical patient safety events, wrong site surgery, retained surgical items (RSI) and surgical fires are rare occurrences and thus their effects on the complex modern operating room (OR) are difficult to stu...The three surgical patient safety events, wrong site surgery, retained surgical items (RSI) and surgical fires are rare occurrences and thus their effects on the complex modern operating room (OR) are difficult to study. The likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of risk for each of these surgical safety events are undefined. Many providers may never have a personal experience with one of these events and training and education on these topics are sparse. These circumstances lead to faulty thinking that a provider won't ever have an event or if one does occur the provider will intuitively know what to do. Surgeons are not preoccupied with failure and tend to usually consider good outcomes, which leads them to ignore or diminish the importance of implementing and following simple safety practices. These circumstances contribute to the persistent low level occurrence of these three events and to the difficulty in generating sufficient interest to resource solutions. Individual facilities rarely have the time or talent to understand these events and develop lasting solutions. More often than not, even the most well meaning internal review results in a new line to a policy and some rigorous enforcement mandate. This approach routinely fails and is another reason why these problems are so persistent. Vigilance actions alone havebeen unsuccessful so hospitals now have to take a systematic approach to implementing safer processes and providing the resources for surgeons and other stake-holders to optimize the OR environment. This article discusses standardized processes of care for mitigation of injury or outright prevention of wrong site surgery, RSI and surgical fires in an action-oriented framework illustrating the strategic elements important in each event and focusing on the responsibilities for each of the three major OR agents-anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses. A Surgical Patient Safety Checklist is discussed that incorporates the necessary elements to bring these team members together and influence the emergence of a safer OR.展开更多
Dominant technology formation is the key for the hightech industry to“cross the chasm”and gain an established foothold in the market(and hence disrupt the regime).Therefore,a stimulus-response model is proposed to i...Dominant technology formation is the key for the hightech industry to“cross the chasm”and gain an established foothold in the market(and hence disrupt the regime).Therefore,a stimulus-response model is proposed to investigate the dominant technology by exploring its formation process and mechanism.Specifically,based on complex adaptive system theory and the basic stimulus-response model,we use a combination of agent-based modeling and system dynamics modeling to capture the interactions between dominant technology and the socio-technical landscape.The results indicate the following:(i)The dynamic interaction is“stimulus-reaction-selection”,which promotes the dominant technology’s formation.(ii)The dominant technology’s formation can be described as a dynamic process in which the adaptation intensity of technology standards increases continuously until it becomes the leading technology under the dual action of internal and external mechanisms.(iii)The dominant technology’s formation in the high-tech industry is influenced by learning ability,the number of adopting users and adaptability.Therein,a“critical scale”of learning ability exists to promote the formation of leading technology:a large number of adopting users can promote the dominant technology’s formation by influencing the adaptive response of technology standards to the socio-technical landscape and the choice of technology standards by the socio-technical landscape.There is a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold for the role of adaptability in the dominant technology’s formation.(iv)The socio-technical landscape can promote the leading technology’s shaping in the high-tech industry,and different elements have different effects.This study promotes research on the formation mechanism of dominant technology in the high-tech industry,presents new perspectives and methods for researchers,and provides essential enlightenment for managers to formulate technology strategies.展开更多
This essay presents a reflection on the main implications of Complexity Theory for science in general, redefining and dispelling myths of traditional science, and Sociology in particular, suggesting a redefinition of ...This essay presents a reflection on the main implications of Complexity Theory for science in general, redefining and dispelling myths of traditional science, and Sociology in particular, suggesting a redefinition of Parsons’ classic concept of Social System, articulated around the property of self-maintenance of order rather than on its possible discontinuity and instability. It argues that Complexity Theory has established the limits of Classic Science, leading to a more realistic awareness of working and evolution mechanisms of Natural and Social Systems and showing the limits of our capacity to predict and control events. Dissipative structures have shown the creative role of time. Instability, emergence, surprise, unpredictability are the rule rather than the exception when systems move away from equilibrium (entropy), even if these processes are generated from a system’s deterministic working mechanisms. Therefore, we have come to realize how constructive the contribution of Complexity is, in regards to the long lasting problem of the relationship between order and disorder. Today, the terms of this relationship have been re-specified in its new configuration of inter-relationship link, according to a unicum which finds its synthesis in self-organization and deterministic chaos concepts. From this perspective, as Prigogine suggested, studies on Complex Systems are heading toward a historical, biological conception of Physics, and a new alliance between natural systems and living, social systems. Non-linearity, far from equilibrium self-organization, emergence and surprise meet at all levels, as this paper attempts to highlight. In Sociology, insights of Complexity Theory have contributed to a new way of thinking about social systems, by re-addressing some fundamental issues starting to social system, emergence and change concepts. The current social system conception as complex dynamical systems is supported by a profitable use of non-liner models (in particular, the Logistic map) in the study of social processes.展开更多
In shallow-water areas,the marine magnetotelluric(MT)method faces a challenge in the investigation of seabed conductivity structures due to electrical and magnetic noises induced by ocean waves,which seriously contami...In shallow-water areas,the marine magnetotelluric(MT)method faces a challenge in the investigation of seabed conductivity structures due to electrical and magnetic noises induced by ocean waves,which seriously contaminate MT data.Ocean waves can affect electric and magnetic fields to different extents.In general,their influence on magnetic fields is considerably greater than that on electric fields.In this paper,a complex adaptive filter is adopted to reduce wave-induced magnetic noises in the frequency domain.The processing results of synthetic and measured MT data indicate that the proposed method can effectively reduce wave-induced magnetic noises and provide reliable apparent resistivity and phase data.展开更多
Complex adaptive sys tem theory is a new and important embranchment of system science, which prov ides a new thought to research water resources allocation system. Based on the a nalysis of complexity and complex adap...Complex adaptive sys tem theory is a new and important embranchment of system science, which prov ides a new thought to research water resources allocation system. Based on the a nalysis of complexity and complex adaptive mechanism of water resources allocat ion system, a fire-new analysis model is presented in this paper. With t he description of dynamical mechanism of system, behavior characters of agents and the evaluation method of system status, an integrity research system is built to analyse the evolvement rule of water resources allocation system. A nd a brief research for the impact of water resources allocation in benefi cial regions of the Water Transfer from South to North China Project is conducted.展开更多
This article presents an analysis of the patterns of interactions resulting from the positive and negative emotional events that occur in cities,considering them as complex systems.It explores,from the imaginaries,how...This article presents an analysis of the patterns of interactions resulting from the positive and negative emotional events that occur in cities,considering them as complex systems.It explores,from the imaginaries,how certain urban objects can act as emotional agents and how these events affect the urban system as a whole.An adaptive complex systems perspective is used to analyze these patterns.The results show patterns in the processes and dynamics that occur in cities based on the objects that affect the emotions of the people who live there.These patterns depend on the characteristics of the emotional charge of urban objects,but they can be generalized in the following process:(1)immediate reaction by some individuals;(2)emotions are generated at the individual level which begins to generalize,permuting to a collective emotion;(3)a process of reflection is detonated in some individuals from the reading of collective emotions;(4)integration/significance in the community both at the individual and collective level,on the concepts,roles and/or functions that give rise to the process in the system.Therefore,it is clear that emotions play a significant role in the development of cities and these aspects should be considered in the design strategies of all kinds of projects for the city.Future extensions of this work could include a deeper analysis of specific emotional events in urban environments,as well as possible implications for urban policy and decision making.展开更多
The emergence of Accountable Care Organizations(ACOs)in the landscape of the U.S.healthcare system marks a paradigm shift in healthcare operations.The potential impact of ACOs has been a topic of intense debate.Tradit...The emergence of Accountable Care Organizations(ACOs)in the landscape of the U.S.healthcare system marks a paradigm shift in healthcare operations.The potential impact of ACOs has been a topic of intense debate.Traditional analytical approaches do not lend themselves to examining the complex phenomenon of the emergence and growth of ACOs in the healthcare network.We adopt a complex adaptive system lens to examine the growth of ACOs among physician groups and explore factors that influence this growth.We also discuss the impact of ACOs on the profit of physician groups.An agent-based model was built to simulate physician groups'ACO entrance and exit based on a set of simple rules and their complex interactions with other agents.Based on the simulation results,we derive patterns of ACO expansion and contraction,following four stages of wait-and-see,rollercoaster,fast growth,and stabilizing.Findings suggest that the growth of ACOs is sensitive to the initial state of ACO membership.When the initial size of ACO membership increases,it helps to eliminate the rollercoaster stage.In addition,the growth of the ACO varies depending on the cost–quality tradeoff.When both cost and quality objectives can be met simultaneously,the growth of ACO membership follows wait-and-see and fast growth stages followed by a different stage that we term sticky state.The impact of ACOs on physician groups’cumulative profit varies by the service quality level of the physician group.Physician groups affiliated with insurance companies charging the lowest or the highest level of health insurance premiums are worse off with the ACO option.However,the ACO benefits physician groups affiliated with an insurance company charging a moderate level of premiums.展开更多
The biological immune system is a complex adaptive system.There are lots of benefits for building the model of the immune system.For biological researchers,they can test some hypotheses about the infection process or ...The biological immune system is a complex adaptive system.There are lots of benefits for building the model of the immune system.For biological researchers,they can test some hypotheses about the infection process or simulate the responses of some drugs.For computer researchers,they can build distributed,robust and fault tolerant networks inspired by the functions of the immune system.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the literatures on modelling the immune system.From the methodology perspective,the paper compares and analyzes the existing approaches and models,and also demonstrates the focusing research effort on the future immune models in the next few years.展开更多
Land degradation and early forms of desertification in both advanced economies and emerging countries reflect complex socio-environmental processes driven by multiple interactions between biophysical and socioeconomic...Land degradation and early forms of desertification in both advanced economies and emerging countries reflect complex socio-environmental processes driven by multiple interactions between biophysical and socioeconomic forces across different spatial scales.The present study investigates desertification risk,land degradation,and socio-demographic dynamics through the lens of“resilience,”adopting complex adaptive systems(CAS)thinking.The resilience of socio-environmental systems exposed to land degradation is defined as the capacity of a regional economy to respond to crises and reorganize by making changes to preserve functions,structure,and feedback,and to promote future development options.By reviewing the socioeconomic resilience of local socio-ecological systems exposed to land degradation,this study achieves a better comprehension of the multifaceted processes that lead to a higher risk of desertification and the intimate relationship with underlying population trends and demographic dynamics.A comprehensive approach based on resilience thinking was formulated to review both environmental and socio-demographic issues at the landscape scale,and provide a suitable foundation for sustainability science and regional development policies.展开更多
Traditional biomechanical analyses of human movement are generally derived from linear mathematics.While these methods can be useful in many situations,they do not describe behaviors in human systems that are predomin...Traditional biomechanical analyses of human movement are generally derived from linear mathematics.While these methods can be useful in many situations,they do not describe behaviors in human systems that are predominately nonlinear.For this reason,nonlinear analysis methods based on a dynamical systems approach have become more prevalent in recent literature.These analysis techniques have provided new insights into how systems(1) maintain pattern stability,(2) transition into new states,and(3) are governed by short-and long-term(fractal) correlational processes at different spatio-temporal scales.These different aspects of system dynamics are typically investigated using concepts related to variability,stability,complexity,and adaptability.The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast these different concepts and demonstrate that,although related,these terms represent fundamentally different aspects of system dynamics.In particular,we argue that variability should not uniformly be equated with stability or complexity of movement.In addition,current dynamic stability measures based on nonlinear analysis methods(such as the finite maximal Lyapunov exponent) can reveal local instabilities in movement dynamics,but the degree to which these local instabilities relate to global postural and gait stability and the ability to resist external perturbations remains to be explored.Finally,systematic studies are needed to relate observed reductions in complexity with aging and disease to the adaptive capabilities of the movement system and how complexity changes as a function of different task constraints.展开更多
The world airport network（WAN） is one of the networked infrastructures that shape today＇s economic and social activity, so its resilience against incidents affecting the WAN is an important problem. In this paper, ...The world airport network（WAN） is one of the networked infrastructures that shape today＇s economic and social activity, so its resilience against incidents affecting the WAN is an important problem. In this paper, the robustness of air route networks is extended by defining and testing several heuristics to define selection criteria to detect the critical nodes of the WAN.In addition to heuristics based on genetic algorithms and simulated annealing, custom heuristics based on node damage and node betweenness are defined. The most effective heuristic is a multiattack heuristic combining both custom heuristics. Results obtained are of importance not only for advance in the understanding of the structure of complex networks, but also for critical node detection.展开更多
Due to the uncertainties posed by climate change,resilience has become an increasingly important variable for evaluating regional ecosystem stability.The assessment of Ecological Network Resilience(ENR)is crucial for ...Due to the uncertainties posed by climate change,resilience has become an increasingly important variable for evaluating regional ecosystem stability.The assessment of Ecological Network Resilience(ENR)is crucial for establishing mitigation strategies and sustainable socioeconomic development in arid regions.Shiyang River Basin is an arid watershed in Northwest China with complex characteristics,its ENR and spatial differentiation characteristics in 2020 were investigated in this work based on the Complex Adaptive System(CAS)theory.The results indicated that the mean Ecological Network Resilience Index(ENRI)value for the Shiyang River Basin was 0.390 in 2020,and the mean values in the southern mountainous,middle oasis,and northern desert regions of the basin were 0.598,0.461,and 0.237,respectively,demonstrating evident spatial differences.Additionally,the ENR of the basin exhibited distinct distribution characteristics across different dimension,whereas the trend of the integrated ENR of the basin was consistent with that of elemental,structural,and functional resilience,indicating the constructed three-region ENR model based on the logical relationship of element-structure-function was suitable for evaluation of the ENR in arid inland river watersheds.Furthermore,strategies for enhancing regional ENR were proposed from the perspective of adapting to climate change.展开更多
Based on the theory of complex adaptive system(CAS),the optimal allocation model of water resources in sewage irrigation areas was established,which provided new ideas and application value for the rational utilizatio...Based on the theory of complex adaptive system(CAS),the optimal allocation model of water resources in sewage irrigation areas was established,which provided new ideas and application value for the rational utilization of agricultural production and waste water resources.The results demonstrated that the difference of crop energy capture mainly depended on the development stage.Waste water with a certain concentration was able to promote crop growth,while excessive concentration inhibited crop growth.The correlation between water absorption rate and leaf area index was close(R=0.9498,p<0.01).The amount of bad seeds increased at a speed of 34.7·d^-1,when system irrigated randomly in the seedling stage,while it tended to remain stable at a speed of 0.3·d^-1 after plants entering the mature stage which impacted the total yields of crops.展开更多
This paper develops a comprehensive computational modeling and simulation framework based on Complex Adaptive Systems(CAS)theory to unveil the underlying mechanisms of self-organization,nonlinear evolution,and emergen...This paper develops a comprehensive computational modeling and simulation framework based on Complex Adaptive Systems(CAS)theory to unveil the underlying mechanisms of self-organization,nonlinear evolution,and emergence in social systems.By integrating mathematical models,agent-based modeling,network dynamic analysis,and hybrid modeling approaches,the study applies CAS theory to case studies in economic markets,political decision-making,and social interactions.The experimental results demonstrate that local interactions among individual agents can give rise to complex global phenomena,such as market fluctuations,opinion polarization,and sudden outbreaks of social movements.This framework not only provides a more robust explanation for the nonlinear dynamics and abrupt transitions that traditional models often fail to capture,but also offers valuable decision-support tools for public policy formulation,social governance,and risk management.Emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches,this work outlines future research directions in high-performance computing,artificial intelligence,and real-time data integration to further advance the theoretical and practical applications of CAS in the social sciences.展开更多
文摘In the field of life sciences, although system biology and ＂precision medicine＂ introduce some complex scientific methods and techniques, it is still based on the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ of reductionist theory as a whole. Adaptability of complex system increase system behaviour uncertainty as well as the difficulties of precise identification and control. It also put systems biology research into trouble. To grasp the behaviour and characteristics of organism fundamentally, systems biology has to abandon the ＂analysis–reconstruction＂ concept. In accordance with the guidelines of complexity science, systems biology should build organism model from holistic level, just like the Chinese medicine did in dealing with human body and disease. When we study the living body from the holistic level, we will find the adaptability of complex system is not the obstacle that increases the difficulty of problem solving. It is the ＂exceptional＂, ＂right-hand man＂ that helping us to deal with the complexity of life more effectively.
基金The National Science Foundation funded this research under the Dy-namics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems program(Grants No.DEB-1212183 and BCS-1826839)support from San Diego State University and Auburn University.
文摘A significant number and range of challenges besetting sustainability can be traced to the actions and inter actions of multiple autonomous agents(people mostly)and the entities they create(e.g.,institutions,policies,social network)in the corresponding social-environmental systems(SES).To address these challenges,we need to understand decisions made and actions taken by agents,the outcomes of their actions,including the feedbacks on the corresponding agents and environment.The science of complex adaptive systems-complex adaptive sys tems(CAS)science-has a significant potential to handle such challenges.We address the advantages of CAS science for sustainability by identifying the key elements and challenges in sustainability science,the generic features of CAS,and the key advances and challenges in modeling CAS.Artificial intelligence and data science combined with agent-based modeling promise to improve understanding of agents’behaviors,detect SES struc tures,and formulate SES mechanisms.
基金Supported by the Soft Science Program of Jiangsu Province(BR2010079)~~
文摘The adaptive neural fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） is used to make a ease study considering features of complex social-technical system with the target of increasing organizational efficiency of public scientific research institutions. An integrated ANFIS model is built and the effectiveness of the model is verified by means of investigation data and their processing results. The model merges the learning mechanism of neural network and the language inference ability of fuzzy system, and thereby remedies the defects of neural network and fuzzy logic system. Result of this case study shows that the model is suitable for complicated socio-technical systems and has bright application perspective to solve such problems of prediction, evaluation and policy-making in managerial fields.
文摘Chromatic adaptation of human eyes to complex field is investigated using binocular asymmetric matching method. The results show that the leve of chromatic adapta- tion mainly depends on the average color of adapting field, whereas no obvious change oc- curs when the number of hues and their color differences vary in a complex field. The shifts of perceived color evoked by chromatic adaptation in CIE 1976 L U V color space are approximately proportional to the average color difference between the adapting field and reference field.
文摘The three surgical patient safety events, wrong site surgery, retained surgical items (RSI) and surgical fires are rare occurrences and thus their effects on the complex modern operating room (OR) are difficult to study. The likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of risk for each of these surgical safety events are undefined. Many providers may never have a personal experience with one of these events and training and education on these topics are sparse. These circumstances lead to faulty thinking that a provider won't ever have an event or if one does occur the provider will intuitively know what to do. Surgeons are not preoccupied with failure and tend to usually consider good outcomes, which leads them to ignore or diminish the importance of implementing and following simple safety practices. These circumstances contribute to the persistent low level occurrence of these three events and to the difficulty in generating sufficient interest to resource solutions. Individual facilities rarely have the time or talent to understand these events and develop lasting solutions. More often than not, even the most well meaning internal review results in a new line to a policy and some rigorous enforcement mandate. This approach routinely fails and is another reason why these problems are so persistent. Vigilance actions alone havebeen unsuccessful so hospitals now have to take a systematic approach to implementing safer processes and providing the resources for surgeons and other stake-holders to optimize the OR environment. This article discusses standardized processes of care for mitigation of injury or outright prevention of wrong site surgery, RSI and surgical fires in an action-oriented framework illustrating the strategic elements important in each event and focusing on the responsibilities for each of the three major OR agents-anesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses. A Surgical Patient Safety Checklist is discussed that incorporates the necessary elements to bring these team members together and influence the emergence of a safer OR.
基金supported by the Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Foundation(2022ECK004)Shanghai Soft Science Research Project(23692123400)。
文摘Dominant technology formation is the key for the hightech industry to“cross the chasm”and gain an established foothold in the market(and hence disrupt the regime).Therefore,a stimulus-response model is proposed to investigate the dominant technology by exploring its formation process and mechanism.Specifically,based on complex adaptive system theory and the basic stimulus-response model,we use a combination of agent-based modeling and system dynamics modeling to capture the interactions between dominant technology and the socio-technical landscape.The results indicate the following:(i)The dynamic interaction is“stimulus-reaction-selection”,which promotes the dominant technology’s formation.(ii)The dominant technology’s formation can be described as a dynamic process in which the adaptation intensity of technology standards increases continuously until it becomes the leading technology under the dual action of internal and external mechanisms.(iii)The dominant technology’s formation in the high-tech industry is influenced by learning ability,the number of adopting users and adaptability.Therein,a“critical scale”of learning ability exists to promote the formation of leading technology:a large number of adopting users can promote the dominant technology’s formation by influencing the adaptive response of technology standards to the socio-technical landscape and the choice of technology standards by the socio-technical landscape.There is a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold for the role of adaptability in the dominant technology’s formation.(iv)The socio-technical landscape can promote the leading technology’s shaping in the high-tech industry,and different elements have different effects.This study promotes research on the formation mechanism of dominant technology in the high-tech industry,presents new perspectives and methods for researchers,and provides essential enlightenment for managers to formulate technology strategies.
文摘This essay presents a reflection on the main implications of Complexity Theory for science in general, redefining and dispelling myths of traditional science, and Sociology in particular, suggesting a redefinition of Parsons’ classic concept of Social System, articulated around the property of self-maintenance of order rather than on its possible discontinuity and instability. It argues that Complexity Theory has established the limits of Classic Science, leading to a more realistic awareness of working and evolution mechanisms of Natural and Social Systems and showing the limits of our capacity to predict and control events. Dissipative structures have shown the creative role of time. Instability, emergence, surprise, unpredictability are the rule rather than the exception when systems move away from equilibrium (entropy), even if these processes are generated from a system’s deterministic working mechanisms. Therefore, we have come to realize how constructive the contribution of Complexity is, in regards to the long lasting problem of the relationship between order and disorder. Today, the terms of this relationship have been re-specified in its new configuration of inter-relationship link, according to a unicum which finds its synthesis in self-organization and deterministic chaos concepts. From this perspective, as Prigogine suggested, studies on Complex Systems are heading toward a historical, biological conception of Physics, and a new alliance between natural systems and living, social systems. Non-linearity, far from equilibrium self-organization, emergence and surprise meet at all levels, as this paper attempts to highlight. In Sociology, insights of Complexity Theory have contributed to a new way of thinking about social systems, by re-addressing some fundamental issues starting to social system, emergence and change concepts. The current social system conception as complex dynamical systems is supported by a profitable use of non-liner models (in particular, the Logistic map) in the study of social processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91958210 and 41904075)。
文摘In shallow-water areas,the marine magnetotelluric(MT)method faces a challenge in the investigation of seabed conductivity structures due to electrical and magnetic noises induced by ocean waves,which seriously contaminate MT data.Ocean waves can affect electric and magnetic fields to different extents.In general,their influence on magnetic fields is considerably greater than that on electric fields.In this paper,a complex adaptive filter is adopted to reduce wave-induced magnetic noises in the frequency domain.The processing results of synthetic and measured MT data indicate that the proposed method can effectively reduce wave-induced magnetic noises and provide reliable apparent resistivity and phase data.
文摘Complex adaptive sys tem theory is a new and important embranchment of system science, which prov ides a new thought to research water resources allocation system. Based on the a nalysis of complexity and complex adaptive mechanism of water resources allocat ion system, a fire-new analysis model is presented in this paper. With t he description of dynamical mechanism of system, behavior characters of agents and the evaluation method of system status, an integrity research system is built to analyse the evolvement rule of water resources allocation system. A nd a brief research for the impact of water resources allocation in benefi cial regions of the Water Transfer from South to North China Project is conducted.
文摘This article presents an analysis of the patterns of interactions resulting from the positive and negative emotional events that occur in cities,considering them as complex systems.It explores,from the imaginaries,how certain urban objects can act as emotional agents and how these events affect the urban system as a whole.An adaptive complex systems perspective is used to analyze these patterns.The results show patterns in the processes and dynamics that occur in cities based on the objects that affect the emotions of the people who live there.These patterns depend on the characteristics of the emotional charge of urban objects,but they can be generalized in the following process:(1)immediate reaction by some individuals;(2)emotions are generated at the individual level which begins to generalize,permuting to a collective emotion;(3)a process of reflection is detonated in some individuals from the reading of collective emotions;(4)integration/significance in the community both at the individual and collective level,on the concepts,roles and/or functions that give rise to the process in the system.Therefore,it is clear that emotions play a significant role in the development of cities and these aspects should be considered in the design strategies of all kinds of projects for the city.Future extensions of this work could include a deeper analysis of specific emotional events in urban environments,as well as possible implications for urban policy and decision making.
文摘The emergence of Accountable Care Organizations(ACOs)in the landscape of the U.S.healthcare system marks a paradigm shift in healthcare operations.The potential impact of ACOs has been a topic of intense debate.Traditional analytical approaches do not lend themselves to examining the complex phenomenon of the emergence and growth of ACOs in the healthcare network.We adopt a complex adaptive system lens to examine the growth of ACOs among physician groups and explore factors that influence this growth.We also discuss the impact of ACOs on the profit of physician groups.An agent-based model was built to simulate physician groups'ACO entrance and exit based on a set of simple rules and their complex interactions with other agents.Based on the simulation results,we derive patterns of ACO expansion and contraction,following four stages of wait-and-see,rollercoaster,fast growth,and stabilizing.Findings suggest that the growth of ACOs is sensitive to the initial state of ACO membership.When the initial size of ACO membership increases,it helps to eliminate the rollercoaster stage.In addition,the growth of the ACO varies depending on the cost–quality tradeoff.When both cost and quality objectives can be met simultaneously,the growth of ACO membership follows wait-and-see and fast growth stages followed by a different stage that we term sticky state.The impact of ACOs on physician groups’cumulative profit varies by the service quality level of the physician group.Physician groups affiliated with insurance companies charging the lowest or the highest level of health insurance premiums are worse off with the ACO option.However,the ACO benefits physician groups affiliated with an insurance company charging a moderate level of premiums.
基金sponsored by the Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.20060183041the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60773096 and No.60773098
文摘The biological immune system is a complex adaptive system.There are lots of benefits for building the model of the immune system.For biological researchers,they can test some hypotheses about the infection process or simulate the responses of some drugs.For computer researchers,they can build distributed,robust and fault tolerant networks inspired by the functions of the immune system.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the literatures on modelling the immune system.From the methodology perspective,the paper compares and analyzes the existing approaches and models,and also demonstrates the focusing research effort on the future immune models in the next few years.
文摘Land degradation and early forms of desertification in both advanced economies and emerging countries reflect complex socio-environmental processes driven by multiple interactions between biophysical and socioeconomic forces across different spatial scales.The present study investigates desertification risk,land degradation,and socio-demographic dynamics through the lens of“resilience,”adopting complex adaptive systems(CAS)thinking.The resilience of socio-environmental systems exposed to land degradation is defined as the capacity of a regional economy to respond to crises and reorganize by making changes to preserve functions,structure,and feedback,and to promote future development options.By reviewing the socioeconomic resilience of local socio-ecological systems exposed to land degradation,this study achieves a better comprehension of the multifaceted processes that lead to a higher risk of desertification and the intimate relationship with underlying population trends and demographic dynamics.A comprehensive approach based on resilience thinking was formulated to review both environmental and socio-demographic issues at the landscape scale,and provide a suitable foundation for sustainability science and regional development policies.
文摘Traditional biomechanical analyses of human movement are generally derived from linear mathematics.While these methods can be useful in many situations,they do not describe behaviors in human systems that are predominately nonlinear.For this reason,nonlinear analysis methods based on a dynamical systems approach have become more prevalent in recent literature.These analysis techniques have provided new insights into how systems(1) maintain pattern stability,(2) transition into new states,and(3) are governed by short-and long-term(fractal) correlational processes at different spatio-temporal scales.These different aspects of system dynamics are typically investigated using concepts related to variability,stability,complexity,and adaptability.The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast these different concepts and demonstrate that,although related,these terms represent fundamentally different aspects of system dynamics.In particular,we argue that variability should not uniformly be equated with stability or complexity of movement.In addition,current dynamic stability measures based on nonlinear analysis methods(such as the finite maximal Lyapunov exponent) can reveal local instabilities in movement dynamics,but the degree to which these local instabilities relate to global postural and gait stability and the ability to resist external perturbations remains to be explored.Finally,systematic studies are needed to relate observed reductions in complexity with aging and disease to the adaptive capabilities of the movement system and how complexity changes as a function of different task constraints.
文摘The world airport network（WAN） is one of the networked infrastructures that shape today＇s economic and social activity, so its resilience against incidents affecting the WAN is an important problem. In this paper, the robustness of air route networks is extended by defining and testing several heuristics to define selection criteria to detect the critical nodes of the WAN.In addition to heuristics based on genetic algorithms and simulated annealing, custom heuristics based on node damage and node betweenness are defined. The most effective heuristic is a multiattack heuristic combining both custom heuristics. Results obtained are of importance not only for advance in the understanding of the structure of complex networks, but also for critical node detection.
基金Under the Major Special Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(No.23ZDKA0004)。
文摘Due to the uncertainties posed by climate change,resilience has become an increasingly important variable for evaluating regional ecosystem stability.The assessment of Ecological Network Resilience(ENR)is crucial for establishing mitigation strategies and sustainable socioeconomic development in arid regions.Shiyang River Basin is an arid watershed in Northwest China with complex characteristics,its ENR and spatial differentiation characteristics in 2020 were investigated in this work based on the Complex Adaptive System(CAS)theory.The results indicated that the mean Ecological Network Resilience Index(ENRI)value for the Shiyang River Basin was 0.390 in 2020,and the mean values in the southern mountainous,middle oasis,and northern desert regions of the basin were 0.598,0.461,and 0.237,respectively,demonstrating evident spatial differences.Additionally,the ENR of the basin exhibited distinct distribution characteristics across different dimension,whereas the trend of the integrated ENR of the basin was consistent with that of elemental,structural,and functional resilience,indicating the constructed three-region ENR model based on the logical relationship of element-structure-function was suitable for evaluation of the ENR in arid inland river watersheds.Furthermore,strategies for enhancing regional ENR were proposed from the perspective of adapting to climate change.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of the Ministry of Education(14YJCZH017)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)(2017YFC0404503)+1 种基金Key Cultivation Project of Lingnan Normal University in 2019(LZ1903)Lingnan Normal University Special Talent Program(ZL2007)
文摘Based on the theory of complex adaptive system(CAS),the optimal allocation model of water resources in sewage irrigation areas was established,which provided new ideas and application value for the rational utilization of agricultural production and waste water resources.The results demonstrated that the difference of crop energy capture mainly depended on the development stage.Waste water with a certain concentration was able to promote crop growth,while excessive concentration inhibited crop growth.The correlation between water absorption rate and leaf area index was close(R=0.9498,p<0.01).The amount of bad seeds increased at a speed of 34.7·d^-1,when system irrigated randomly in the seedling stage,while it tended to remain stable at a speed of 0.3·d^-1 after plants entering the mature stage which impacted the total yields of crops.
文摘This paper develops a comprehensive computational modeling and simulation framework based on Complex Adaptive Systems(CAS)theory to unveil the underlying mechanisms of self-organization,nonlinear evolution,and emergence in social systems.By integrating mathematical models,agent-based modeling,network dynamic analysis,and hybrid modeling approaches,the study applies CAS theory to case studies in economic markets,political decision-making,and social interactions.The experimental results demonstrate that local interactions among individual agents can give rise to complex global phenomena,such as market fluctuations,opinion polarization,and sudden outbreaks of social movements.This framework not only provides a more robust explanation for the nonlinear dynamics and abrupt transitions that traditional models often fail to capture,but also offers valuable decision-support tools for public policy formulation,social governance,and risk management.Emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches,this work outlines future research directions in high-performance computing,artificial intelligence,and real-time data integration to further advance the theoretical and practical applications of CAS in the social sciences.
