The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are imm...The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.展开更多
Stichopus chloronotus is a tropical sea cucumber with facultative asexual reproduction in the Indo-Western Pacific,yet its wild populations are decreasing due to extensive harvesting.Understanding the species’genetic...Stichopus chloronotus is a tropical sea cucumber with facultative asexual reproduction in the Indo-Western Pacific,yet its wild populations are decreasing due to extensive harvesting.Understanding the species’genetic characteristics is essential for effective management and conservation.To develop novel microsatellite markers and assess the genetic diversity,clonality,and genetic structure of eight populations of S.chloronotus in the South China Sea,193 individuals from eight populations across Wuzhizhou and Fenjiezhou(Boundary)islands were analyzed using nine newly developed microsatellite markers and five previously established markers.RNA-Seq was employed to obtained 62662 unigenes and identified 16926 microsatellite loci.Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed,of which 11 were highly polymorphic(polymorphic information content>0.5).The number of alleles(N_(a))ranged from 3 to 6 per locus,and the average Shannon diversity index(I)was 1.107.All the populations exhibited asexual reproduction,with regional variations in reproductive modes.Asexual reproduction was predominant in the northwestern Wuzhizhou Island population(SY 7)and the Fenjiezhou Island population(LS 8),where four and five predominant clones represented more than 89%of the individuals,which led to reduced genetic diversity.Overall,genetic diversity was moderately low,with significant genetic differentiation among populations(F_(ST)=0.33;P<0.001),suggesting limited gene flow(the number of migrants(N_(m))<1).These findings highlight the role of reproductive strategies in shaping fine-scale genetic differentiation in S.chloronotus.The limited recruitment success of sexually produced larvae and habitat heterogeneity likely constrain clone dispersal,contributing to distinct genetic restructuring.This study provided key insights into the interplay between reproductive strategies and genetic patterns in sea cucumbers,offering a scientific basis for targeted conservation efforts.展开更多
Evidence has shown that differential transcriptomic profiles among human populations from diverse ancestries,supporting the role of genetic architecture in regulating gene expression alongside environmental stimuli.Ge...Evidence has shown that differential transcriptomic profiles among human populations from diverse ancestries,supporting the role of genetic architecture in regulating gene expression alongside environmental stimuli.Genetic variants that regulate gene expression,known as expression quantitative trait loci(eQTL),are primarily shaped by human migration history and evolutionary forces,likewise,regulation of gene expression in principle could have been influenced by these events.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of how human evolution impacts eQTL offers important insights into how phenotypic diversity is shaped.Recent studies,however,suggest that eQTL is enriched in genes that are selectively constrained.Whether eQTL is minimally affected by selective pressures remains an open question and requires comprehensive investigations.In addition,such studies are primarily dominated by the major populations of European ancestry,leaving many marginalized populations underrepresented.These observations indicate there exists a fundamental knowledge gap in the role of genomics variation on phenotypic diversity,which potentially hinders precision medicine.This article aims to revisit the abundance of eQTL across diverse populations and provide an overview of their impact from the population and evolutionary genetics perspective,subsequently discuss their influence on phenomics,as well as challenges and opportunities in the applications to precision medicine.展开更多
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and heterogeneous disease.IBD is commonly classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.It is linked to serious symptoms and complications.The onset of I...Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and heterogeneous disease.IBD is commonly classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.It is linked to serious symptoms and complications.The onset of IBD commonly occurs during adolescence.Despite the significant number of cases globally(~5 million),the causes of pediatric IBD,which constitutes 25%of IBD patients,are not yet fully understood.Apart from environmental factors,genetic factors contribute to a higher risk of developing IBD.The predisposition risk of IBD can be investigated using genetic testing.Genetic mechanisms of pediatric IBD are highly complex which resulted in difficulty in selecting effective treatment or patient management.Genetic variation of IBD would serve as a basis for precision medicine and allow for the discovery of more robust treatment avenues for this condition in pediatric patients.This review aims to discuss the genetics of pediatric IBD,and current development in the screening,diagnosis,and treatment based on genetic profiling of pediatric IBD subjects toward more personalized management of this disease.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes.Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular a...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes.Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular and cellular disturbances,including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability,persistent low-grade inflammation,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,altered mineral metabolism,genetic predispositions,and uremic toxin accumulation.As current pharmacological treatments provide only partial risk reduction,complementary approaches are imperative.Exercise training,both aerobic and resistance,has emerged as a potent non-pharmacological intervention targeting these underlying molecular pathways.Regular exercise can enhance nitric oxide signaling,improve antioxidant defenses,attenuate inflammation,facilitate endothelial repair via endothelial progenitor cells,and stabilize muscle metabolism.Additionally,accumulating evidence points to a genetic dimension in CKD susceptibility and progression.Variants in genes such as APOL1,PKD1,PKD2,UMOD,and COL4A3–5 shape disease onset and severity,and may modulate response to interventions.Exercise may help buffer these genetic risks by inducing epigenetic changes,improving mitochondrial function,and optimizing crosstalk between muscle,adipose tissue,and the vasculature.This review synthesizes how exercise training can ameliorate key molecular mediators in CKD,emphasizing the interplay with genetic and epigenetic factors.We integrate evidence from clinical and experimental studies,discussing how personalized exercise prescriptions,informed by patients’genetic backgrounds and nutritional strategies(such as adequate protein intake),could enhance outcomes.Although large-scale trials linking molecular adaptations to long-term endpoints are needed,current knowledge strongly supports incorporating exercise as a cornerstone in CKD management to counteract pervasive molecular derangements and leverage genetic insights for individualized care.展开更多
Hainan Island is one of the largest islands in China and is located in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot region.Despite its ecological significance,comprehensive population genetic studies of key marine organisms al...Hainan Island is one of the largest islands in China and is located in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot region.Despite its ecological significance,comprehensive population genetic studies of key marine organisms along the entire coastline of Hainan Island have not been reported.This study examined the genetic diversity and population structure of the widely distributed oyster Saccostrea malabonensis around Hainan Island with analyzing mitochondrial COI gene sequences.The impacts of geographical,environmental and anthropogenic factors on genetic differentiation were also investigated.The results revealed a significant AT bias in the COI gene sequences,with transitions as the main mutation type.A total of 103 variable sites and 107 haplotypes were identified from480 COI sequences,with haplotype diversities from 0.067 to 0.782,and nucleotide diversities between 0.00011 and 0.00278.AMOVA analysis indicated that 86.65%of the variation occurred within one population while 13.35%among different populations.The average genetic distance across 16 populations was 0.00169,and the average genetic differentiation index was 0.13353.Distinct population patterns can be observed.The populations of Tonghai Village(THV)and Gangmen Mountain(GMM)in Lingshui showed similar genetic structures while those of Wanquan River Estuary(WQRE,Qionghai)and Wuzhizhou Island(WZZI,Sanya)displayed divergent evolutionary trends.Cluster analysis grouped the 480 individuals of S.malabonensis into six subpopulations.These findings are helpful for developing conservation strategies and genetic breeding programs,and are also helpful for understanding the evolutionary history of this oyster species in Hainan Island.展开更多
Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV),a paramyxovirus,causes acute respiratory diseases in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.This study established a reverse genetics system for aMPV subtype B LN16-A strain based on...Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV),a paramyxovirus,causes acute respiratory diseases in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.This study established a reverse genetics system for aMPV subtype B LN16-A strain based on T7 RNA polymerase.Full-length cDNA of the LN16-A strain was constructed by assembling 5 cDNA fragments between the T7 promoter and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme.Transfection of this plasmid,along with the supporting plasmids encoding the N,P,M2-1,and L proteins of LN16-A into BSR-T7/5 cells,resulted in the recovery of aMPV subtype B.To identify an effective insertion site,the enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)gene was inserted into different sites of the LN16-A genome to generate recombinant LN16-As.The results showed that the expression levels of EGFP at the site between the G and L genes of LN16-A were significantly higher than those at the other two sites(between the leader and N genes or replacing the SH gene).To verify the availability of the site between G and L for foreign gene expression,the VP2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus(vvIBDV)was inserted into this site,and recombinant LN16-A(rLN16A-vvVP2)was successfully rescued.Single immunization of specificpathogen-free chickens with rLN16A-vvVP2 induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and provided 100%protection against the virulent aMPV subtype B and vvIBDV.Establishing a reverse genetics system here provides an important foundation for understanding aMPV pathogenesis and developing novel vector vaccines.展开更多
Lynch syndrome(LS),also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC),is an inherited condition associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and other cancers.It is caused by germline mutations ...Lynch syndrome(LS),also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC),is an inherited condition associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and other cancers.It is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair(MMR)genes,including MLH1,MSH2,MSH6 and PMS2.These mutations lead to microsatellite instability(MSI)and defective DNA repair mechanisms,resulting in increased cancer risk.Early detection of LS is crucial for effective management and cancer prevention.Endoscopic surveillance,particularly regular colonoscopy,is recommended for individuals with LS to detect CRC at early stages.Additionally,universal screening of CRC for MMR deficiency can help identify at-risk individuals.Genetic counseling plays a valuable role in LS by guiding patients and their families in understanding the genetic basis,making informed decisions regarding surveillance and prevention,and offering reproductive options to reduce the transmission of pathogenic variants of the offspring.The aim of this review is to outline current strategies for the diagnosis,surveillance,and management of LS,with a focus on the role of genetic counseling,endoscopic screening,and emerging therapeutic approaches to mitigate cancer risk in affected individuals.展开更多
Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genet...Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genetics,medicine,law,philosophy,psychology,sociology,anthropology,insurance,and economics,which have all contributed to the study of genetic information,and discrimination based on genetic traits.With this in mind,we are able to set this research study into perspective.We make no claim on behalf of any field of study.Nevertheless,we say the development in the field of genetics is in its infancy and that knowledge of an individual genome would be essential not only for counseling but could also be used for stigmatization and discrimination.The purpose of the study is to help provide useful links concerning legal and ethical issues in human genetics and particularly where it deals with the laws,regulations,and policies concerning genetic information.We deal with the legal and ethical aspects in human genetics that influence genetic information.We examine government policies and the existing legislation in Papua New Guinea(PNG)that deal with genetic information and analyze discrimination cases due to genetic traits and describe its magnitude in PNG.This study places importance on the examination of qualitative data collected by a questionnaire survey from individual subjects representing various organizations in PNG including Department of Health,Insurance companies,General Federation of Employers’Associations,Trade Unions,and professional workers such as lawyers,District Court magistrates,medical doctors,healthcare workers,students,and private individuals.The study was conducted in towns in PNG although the majority of the participants live in the National Capital District.A sample of individuals(patients)were enrolled in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Individual information was obtained to describe the situation of the area.However,this study did not use administrative records based on health information from the Department of Health which describes the prevalence of genetically disordered individuals.All selected individuals or subjects were interviewed or completed a questionnaire.The data were assessed to characterize the study subsets.The findings of this study are made available to clinical practice in law,medical and public health,and private and public institutions including insurance companies,employers’federation,mining companies,and workers’unions in PNG,and academics and researchers.Educational programs on the basic principles of genetics,ethics,and law in relation to insurance will have to be developed to improve the knowledge of insurance,medical,and the cost of long-term care.展开更多
2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究...2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究由福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所与中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所等多家单位合作完成。本研究通过对茶树及其近缘种的基因组进行深度重测序,构建了全面的茶树基因组遗传变异图谱,进而揭示了茶树的遗传多样性及其驯化状态。其结果为茶树的遗传进化和精准设计育种提供了有益见解以及重要参考资料。展开更多
Chicken meat quality directly influences consumer acceptability and is crucial for the economic success of the poultry industry.Genetics and nutrition are key determinants of the meat quality traits in broilers.This r...Chicken meat quality directly influences consumer acceptability and is crucial for the economic success of the poultry industry.Genetics and nutrition are key determinants of the meat quality traits in broilers.This review summarizes the research advances in this field,with a focus on the genetic and nutritional foundations that regulate intramuscular fat(IMF)deposition and meat quality in chickens over the past decade.The effects of embryonic nutrition,both maternal nutrition and in ovo feeding(IOF),on skeletal muscle development,the IMF content,and meat quality traits in broilers are also discussed.In genetics,single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that de novo lipogenesis predominantly occurs in myocytes,which is key to the formation of IMF in chicken muscle tissue.Fatty acid synthase(FASN)is the key enzyme involved in this process.This discovery has reshaped the traditional understanding of intramuscular lipid metabolism in poultry.Key genes,proteins,and pathways,such as FASN,FABP4,PPARG,C/EBPα,SLC27A1;LPL,APOA1,COL1A1;PPAR and ECM–receptor interactions signaling,have been identified to regulate IMF content and distribution by modulating fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis.LncHLFF was innovatively found to promote ectopic IMF deposition in chickens via exosome-mediated mechanisms without affecting abdominal fat deposition.MiR-27b-3p and miR-128-3p were found to inhibit adipogenic differentiation by targeting PPARG,thereby affecting IMF formation.In nutrition,nutrigenomics research has shown that fructose enhances IMF deposition by activating ChREBP,providing new targets for nutritional interventions.Adjusting dietary components,including energy,protein,amino acids,fatty acids,and phytochemicals(e.g.,rutin),has been shown to significantly improve meat quality in broilers.Maternal nutrition(e.g.,intake of energy,amino acids,vitamins,and trace elements)and IOF(e.g.,N-carbamylglutamate)have also been confirmed to significantly impact offspring meat quality,opening new avenues for improving embryonic nutrition.Based on these significant advancements,this review proposes strategies that integrate genetic and nutritional approaches.These strategies aim to modulate the differentiation fate of paraxial mesenchymal stem cells toward myogenic or adipogenic lineages and the interaction between muscle and adipose tissues.These insights would help to improve meat quality while ensuring the growth performance of broiler chickens.展开更多
Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion...Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.展开更多
Successful ex situ conservation of plant populations requires a high degree of genetic representativeness.However,spatially biased sampling in ex situ conservation efforts may fail to capture all wild genetic clusters...Successful ex situ conservation of plant populations requires a high degree of genetic representativeness.However,spatially biased sampling in ex situ conservation efforts may fail to capture all wild genetic clusters for species with range-wide genetic structure.To investigate the extent of spatially biased sampling in living collections and the coverage of wild genetic clusters in plant populations under ex situ conservation worldwide,we combined a global synthesis of ex situ conservation efforts with a case study of an endangered riparian plant species,Myricaria laxiflora.Our analysis of ex situ conservation worldwide revealed that the majority(82.6%)of ex situ populations fail to cover all wild genetic clusters,largely due to spatially biased sampling with low geographic coverage.Our case study of M.laxiflora showed that genetic diversity differed between the ex situ and upstream populations,while it was comparable between ex situ populations and other wild populations.However,current ex situ populations did not cover all wild genetic clusters,as the upstream genetic cluster was previously uncollected.Our study suggests that the failure to cover all wild genetic clusters in ex situ populations is a widespread issue,and ex situ populations with high genetic diversity can also fail to cover all wild genetic clusters.In future ex situ conservation programs,both the importance of high genetic diversity and the high coverage of wild genetic clusters should be prioritized.展开更多
Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being s...Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.展开更多
Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due t...Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land,thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.In this review,we synthesize current information on flowering time regulation in rapeseed through an integrated analysis of its genetic,hormonal,and environmental dimensions,emphasizing their crosstalk and implications for yield.We consolidate multi-omics evidence from population genetics,functional genomics,and systems biology to create a haplotype-based framework that overcomes the trade-off between flowering time and yield,providing support for the precision breeding of early-maturing cultivars.The insights presented here could inform future research on flowering time regulation and guide strategies for increasing rapeseed productivity.展开更多
The demand for Erigeron breviscapus,a medicinal Compositae plant with cardiovascular therapeutic properties,has been increasing by 15%annually,exceeding production capacity and necessitating improvements in yield and ...The demand for Erigeron breviscapus,a medicinal Compositae plant with cardiovascular therapeutic properties,has been increasing by 15%annually,exceeding production capacity and necessitating improvements in yield and bioactive compound content.Genetic transformation remains essential for functional genomics,yet current Agrobacterium and biolistic methods are inefficient and expensive.In this study,we cloned the full-length sequences of the BABY BOOM,WUSCHEL and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR(GRF)genes of E.breviscapus and then transformed them into E.breviscapus explants.The transformation efficiency for the GRF gene reached 45%,and all the transgenic E.breviscapus plants were fertile without obvious developmental defects.Furthermore,we inserted EbGRF4 and Cas9-EbPDS-sgRNA into the same vector for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to effectively knock out the PDS gene,resulting in albino seedlings,with a gene editing efficiency of 33.3%.These findings provide a solid foundation for functional genomic research and the genetic improvement of E.breviscapus,as well as an important reference for establishing high-efficiency genetic transformation systems for other medicinal plants.展开更多
Populus species,important economic species combining rapid growth with broad ecological adaptability,play a critical role in sustainable forestry and bioenergy production.In this study,we performed whole-genome resequ...Populus species,important economic species combining rapid growth with broad ecological adaptability,play a critical role in sustainable forestry and bioenergy production.In this study,we performed whole-genome resequencing of 707 individuals from a full-sib family to develop comprehensive single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers and constructed a high-density genetic linkage map of 19 linkage groups.The total genetic length of the map reached 3623.65 cM with an average marker interval of 0.34 cM.By integrating multidimensional phenotypic data,89 quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with growth,wood physical and chemical properties,disease resistance,and leaf morphology traits were identified,with logarithm of odds(LOD)scores ranging from 3.13 to 21.72 Notably,pleiotropic analysis revealed significant colocaliza and phenotypic variance explained between 1.7% and 11.6%.-tion hotspots on chromosomes LG1,LG5,LG6,LG8,and LG14,with epistatic interaction network analysis confirming genetic basis of coordinated regulation across multiple traits.Functional annotation of 207 candidate genes showed that R2R3-MYB and bHLH transcription factors and pyruvate kinase-encoding genes were significantly enriched,suggesting crucial roles in lignin biosynthesis and carbon metabolic pathways.Allelic effect analysis indicated that the frequency of favorable alleles associated with target traits ranged from 0.20 to 0.55.Incorporation of QTL-derived favorable alleles as random effects into Bayesian-based genomic selection models led to an increase in prediction accuracy ranging from 1% to 21%,with Bayesian ridge regression as the best predictive model.This study provides valuable genomic resources and genetic insights for deciphering complex trait architecture and advancing molecular breeding in poplar.展开更多
Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that se...Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that serve widely as forage and turfgrass.Furthermore,wild Arachis species provide valuable gene resources for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated peanuts.To date,several key genes have been identified through the use of recombinant inbred lines derived from interspecific crosses within Arachis.Despite this progress,the application of genetic engineering to enhance peanut traits remains limited.This limitation arises primarily from the absence of a robust and reliable genetic transformation protocol for Arachis species.Nevertheless,evidence indicates that successful genetic transformation of Arachis plants was first reported approximately 30 years ago.Thus,a notable discrepancy exists between early reports of transformation success and the ongoing challenges in stably transferring candidate genes into Arachis genotypes.This review summarizes existing methods for regeneration and genetic transformation in Arachis,aiming to advance understanding of transgenic technologies applicable to this genus.展开更多
Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to...Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to climate change.Wild relatives of wheat serve as a vital reservoir of genetic diversity,offering traits thatenhance its resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.Over recent decades,remarkable progress has been made in utilizing superior genes from wild relatives to bolster wheat's defenses against diseases and pests,though the exploration of genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance has lagged behind.In this review,we summarize key advancements in the utilization of wild relatives for wheat enhancement over the past century,emphasizing both theoretical and technological innovations.Furthermore,we evaluate the potential contributions of wild relatives to address production challenges posed by climate change.We also explore strategies for isolating superior genes and developing prebreeding germplasm to support the future development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.展开更多
BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that is responsible for around 1%of colorectal cancer(CRC)cases.AIM To determine the mutation profile of FAP-specific to th...BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that is responsible for around 1%of colorectal cancer(CRC)cases.AIM To determine the mutation profile of FAP-specific to the Hungarian population.METHODS This prospective single-center study enrolled patients with clinically suspected FAP or attenuated FAP(aFAP).Whole-exome next-generation sequencing was performed to detect variants of 50 FAP priority genes and 173 CRC predisposing genes or other CRC disease-associated genes.To identify larger deletions and insertions,a multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization technique was used.The identified genes were then classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.RESULTS A total of 26 index patients with clinically suspected FAP(n=21)and aFAP(n=5)were enrolled.APC gene alterations were confirmed in 92.31%of the cases(region 1B deletion,n=2;whole-gene deletion,n=4;frameshift mutation,n=2;nonsense mutation,n=5,and splice mutation,n=1),with the remaining two cases having CHEK2 and MSH3 gene alterations.According to pathogenicity,21 cases had pathogenic mutations,6 cases had likely pathogenic mutations,and 16 cases had variants of unknown significance(VUS).The most frequent of the latter were the POLE(n=5)and PIEZO1(n=4)gene variants.CONCLUSION Germline mutations in the APC gene were confirmed in more than 90%of Hungarian patients with clinically suspected FAP.Although the role of VUS genes is unclear,they are highly likely to play a role in the development of CRC.展开更多
文摘The etiopathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases is varied in nature.Various etiogenic factors described are infective,inflammatory,viral,bacterial,parasitic,dietary and lifestyle change.Rare causative agents are immunological,and others associated as idiopathic,are undiagnosed by all possible means.Some of the rare diseases are congenital in nature,passing from the parent to the child.Many of the undiagnosed diseases are now being diagnosed as genetic and the genes have been implicated as a causative agent.There is a search for newer treatments for such diseases,which is called genomic medicine.Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves the use of genomic information about an individual.This is used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic decisions to improve the current health domain and pave the way for policymakers for its clinical use.In the developing era of precision medicine,genomics,epigenomics,environmental exposure,and other data would be used to more accurately guide individual diagnosis and treatment.Genomic medicine is already making an impact in the fields of oncology,pharmacology,rare,infectious and many undiagnosed diseases.It is beginning to fuel new approaches in certain medical specialties.Oncology is at the leading edge of incorporating genomics,as diagnostics for genetic and genomic markers are increasingly included in cancer screening,and to guide tailored treatment strategies.Genetics and genetic medicine have been reported to play a role in gastroenterology in several ways,including genetic testing(hereditary pancreatitis and hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes).Genetic testing can also help subtype diseases,such as classifying pancreatitis as idiopathic or hereditary.Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating gastrointestinal diseases that are not effectively treated by conventional pharmaceuticals and surgeries.Gene therapy strategies include gene addition,gene editing,messenger RNA therapy,and gene silencing.Understanding genetic determinants,advances in genetics,have led to a better understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to human disease.Family-member risk stratification and genetic diagnosis can help identify family members who are at risk,which can lead to preventive treatments,lifestyle recommendations,and routine follow ups.Selecting target genes helps identify the gene targets associated with each gastrointestinal disease.Common gastrointestinal diseases associated with genetic abnormalities include-inflammatory bowel disease,gastroesophageal reflux disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and irritable bowel syndrome.With advancing tools and technology,research in the search of newer and individualized treatment,genes and genetic medicines are expected to play a significant role in human health and gastroenterology.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFD2401305,2022YFD2401303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42166005,42076097)。
文摘Stichopus chloronotus is a tropical sea cucumber with facultative asexual reproduction in the Indo-Western Pacific,yet its wild populations are decreasing due to extensive harvesting.Understanding the species’genetic characteristics is essential for effective management and conservation.To develop novel microsatellite markers and assess the genetic diversity,clonality,and genetic structure of eight populations of S.chloronotus in the South China Sea,193 individuals from eight populations across Wuzhizhou and Fenjiezhou(Boundary)islands were analyzed using nine newly developed microsatellite markers and five previously established markers.RNA-Seq was employed to obtained 62662 unigenes and identified 16926 microsatellite loci.Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed,of which 11 were highly polymorphic(polymorphic information content>0.5).The number of alleles(N_(a))ranged from 3 to 6 per locus,and the average Shannon diversity index(I)was 1.107.All the populations exhibited asexual reproduction,with regional variations in reproductive modes.Asexual reproduction was predominant in the northwestern Wuzhizhou Island population(SY 7)and the Fenjiezhou Island population(LS 8),where four and five predominant clones represented more than 89%of the individuals,which led to reduced genetic diversity.Overall,genetic diversity was moderately low,with significant genetic differentiation among populations(F_(ST)=0.33;P<0.001),suggesting limited gene flow(the number of migrants(N_(m))<1).These findings highlight the role of reproductive strategies in shaping fine-scale genetic differentiation in S.chloronotus.The limited recruitment success of sexually produced larvae and habitat heterogeneity likely constrain clone dispersal,contributing to distinct genetic restructuring.This study provided key insights into the interplay between reproductive strategies and genetic patterns in sea cucumbers,offering a scientific basis for targeted conservation efforts.
基金supported by the Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)with project code:FRGS/1/2021/STG01/UCSI/01/.SX was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)grants 32030020 and 32288101funded by the NSFC grant 32270665.
文摘Evidence has shown that differential transcriptomic profiles among human populations from diverse ancestries,supporting the role of genetic architecture in regulating gene expression alongside environmental stimuli.Genetic variants that regulate gene expression,known as expression quantitative trait loci(eQTL),are primarily shaped by human migration history and evolutionary forces,likewise,regulation of gene expression in principle could have been influenced by these events.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of how human evolution impacts eQTL offers important insights into how phenotypic diversity is shaped.Recent studies,however,suggest that eQTL is enriched in genes that are selectively constrained.Whether eQTL is minimally affected by selective pressures remains an open question and requires comprehensive investigations.In addition,such studies are primarily dominated by the major populations of European ancestry,leaving many marginalized populations underrepresented.These observations indicate there exists a fundamental knowledge gap in the role of genomics variation on phenotypic diversity,which potentially hinders precision medicine.This article aims to revisit the abundance of eQTL across diverse populations and provide an overview of their impact from the population and evolutionary genetics perspective,subsequently discuss their influence on phenomics,as well as challenges and opportunities in the applications to precision medicine.
文摘Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and heterogeneous disease.IBD is commonly classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.It is linked to serious symptoms and complications.The onset of IBD commonly occurs during adolescence.Despite the significant number of cases globally(~5 million),the causes of pediatric IBD,which constitutes 25%of IBD patients,are not yet fully understood.Apart from environmental factors,genetic factors contribute to a higher risk of developing IBD.The predisposition risk of IBD can be investigated using genetic testing.Genetic mechanisms of pediatric IBD are highly complex which resulted in difficulty in selecting effective treatment or patient management.Genetic variation of IBD would serve as a basis for precision medicine and allow for the discovery of more robust treatment avenues for this condition in pediatric patients.This review aims to discuss the genetics of pediatric IBD,and current development in the screening,diagnosis,and treatment based on genetic profiling of pediatric IBD subjects toward more personalized management of this disease.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(grant number:NRF-2022R1A2C1092743).
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)affects a significant fraction of the global population and is closely associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and poor clinical outcomes.Its pathophysiology entails complex molecular and cellular disturbances,including reduced nitric oxide bioavailability,persistent low-grade inflammation,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,altered mineral metabolism,genetic predispositions,and uremic toxin accumulation.As current pharmacological treatments provide only partial risk reduction,complementary approaches are imperative.Exercise training,both aerobic and resistance,has emerged as a potent non-pharmacological intervention targeting these underlying molecular pathways.Regular exercise can enhance nitric oxide signaling,improve antioxidant defenses,attenuate inflammation,facilitate endothelial repair via endothelial progenitor cells,and stabilize muscle metabolism.Additionally,accumulating evidence points to a genetic dimension in CKD susceptibility and progression.Variants in genes such as APOL1,PKD1,PKD2,UMOD,and COL4A3–5 shape disease onset and severity,and may modulate response to interventions.Exercise may help buffer these genetic risks by inducing epigenetic changes,improving mitochondrial function,and optimizing crosstalk between muscle,adipose tissue,and the vasculature.This review synthesizes how exercise training can ameliorate key molecular mediators in CKD,emphasizing the interplay with genetic and epigenetic factors.We integrate evidence from clinical and experimental studies,discussing how personalized exercise prescriptions,informed by patients’genetic backgrounds and nutritional strategies(such as adequate protein intake),could enhance outcomes.Although large-scale trials linking molecular adaptations to long-term endpoints are needed,current knowledge strongly supports incorporating exercise as a cornerstone in CKD management to counteract pervasive molecular derangements and leverage genetic insights for individualized care.
基金the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.325RC675)the Starting Research Fund from the Hainan University(No.KYQD(ZR)-21004)。
文摘Hainan Island is one of the largest islands in China and is located in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot region.Despite its ecological significance,comprehensive population genetic studies of key marine organisms along the entire coastline of Hainan Island have not been reported.This study examined the genetic diversity and population structure of the widely distributed oyster Saccostrea malabonensis around Hainan Island with analyzing mitochondrial COI gene sequences.The impacts of geographical,environmental and anthropogenic factors on genetic differentiation were also investigated.The results revealed a significant AT bias in the COI gene sequences,with transitions as the main mutation type.A total of 103 variable sites and 107 haplotypes were identified from480 COI sequences,with haplotype diversities from 0.067 to 0.782,and nucleotide diversities between 0.00011 and 0.00278.AMOVA analysis indicated that 86.65%of the variation occurred within one population while 13.35%among different populations.The average genetic distance across 16 populations was 0.00169,and the average genetic differentiation index was 0.13353.Distinct population patterns can be observed.The populations of Tonghai Village(THV)and Gangmen Mountain(GMM)in Lingshui showed similar genetic structures while those of Wanquan River Estuary(WQRE,Qionghai)and Wuzhizhou Island(WZZI,Sanya)displayed divergent evolutionary trends.Cluster analysis grouped the 480 individuals of S.malabonensis into six subpopulations.These findings are helpful for developing conservation strategies and genetic breeding programs,and are also helpful for understanding the evolutionary history of this oyster species in Hainan Island.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1800604)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-41)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program,China。
文摘Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV),a paramyxovirus,causes acute respiratory diseases in turkeys and swollen head syndrome in chickens.This study established a reverse genetics system for aMPV subtype B LN16-A strain based on T7 RNA polymerase.Full-length cDNA of the LN16-A strain was constructed by assembling 5 cDNA fragments between the T7 promoter and hepatitis delta virus ribozyme.Transfection of this plasmid,along with the supporting plasmids encoding the N,P,M2-1,and L proteins of LN16-A into BSR-T7/5 cells,resulted in the recovery of aMPV subtype B.To identify an effective insertion site,the enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)gene was inserted into different sites of the LN16-A genome to generate recombinant LN16-As.The results showed that the expression levels of EGFP at the site between the G and L genes of LN16-A were significantly higher than those at the other two sites(between the leader and N genes or replacing the SH gene).To verify the availability of the site between G and L for foreign gene expression,the VP2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus(vvIBDV)was inserted into this site,and recombinant LN16-A(rLN16A-vvVP2)was successfully rescued.Single immunization of specificpathogen-free chickens with rLN16A-vvVP2 induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies and provided 100%protection against the virulent aMPV subtype B and vvIBDV.Establishing a reverse genetics system here provides an important foundation for understanding aMPV pathogenesis and developing novel vector vaccines.
文摘Lynch syndrome(LS),also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC),is an inherited condition associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer(CRC)and other cancers.It is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair(MMR)genes,including MLH1,MSH2,MSH6 and PMS2.These mutations lead to microsatellite instability(MSI)and defective DNA repair mechanisms,resulting in increased cancer risk.Early detection of LS is crucial for effective management and cancer prevention.Endoscopic surveillance,particularly regular colonoscopy,is recommended for individuals with LS to detect CRC at early stages.Additionally,universal screening of CRC for MMR deficiency can help identify at-risk individuals.Genetic counseling plays a valuable role in LS by guiding patients and their families in understanding the genetic basis,making informed decisions regarding surveillance and prevention,and offering reproductive options to reduce the transmission of pathogenic variants of the offspring.The aim of this review is to outline current strategies for the diagnosis,surveillance,and management of LS,with a focus on the role of genetic counseling,endoscopic screening,and emerging therapeutic approaches to mitigate cancer risk in affected individuals.
文摘Information about whether genetic information requires special treatment in law varies around the world and many aspects are not clear.In this study,we draw upon knowledge gained from various disciplines,such as genetics,medicine,law,philosophy,psychology,sociology,anthropology,insurance,and economics,which have all contributed to the study of genetic information,and discrimination based on genetic traits.With this in mind,we are able to set this research study into perspective.We make no claim on behalf of any field of study.Nevertheless,we say the development in the field of genetics is in its infancy and that knowledge of an individual genome would be essential not only for counseling but could also be used for stigmatization and discrimination.The purpose of the study is to help provide useful links concerning legal and ethical issues in human genetics and particularly where it deals with the laws,regulations,and policies concerning genetic information.We deal with the legal and ethical aspects in human genetics that influence genetic information.We examine government policies and the existing legislation in Papua New Guinea(PNG)that deal with genetic information and analyze discrimination cases due to genetic traits and describe its magnitude in PNG.This study places importance on the examination of qualitative data collected by a questionnaire survey from individual subjects representing various organizations in PNG including Department of Health,Insurance companies,General Federation of Employers’Associations,Trade Unions,and professional workers such as lawyers,District Court magistrates,medical doctors,healthcare workers,students,and private individuals.The study was conducted in towns in PNG although the majority of the participants live in the National Capital District.A sample of individuals(patients)were enrolled in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Individual information was obtained to describe the situation of the area.However,this study did not use administrative records based on health information from the Department of Health which describes the prevalence of genetically disordered individuals.All selected individuals or subjects were interviewed or completed a questionnaire.The data were assessed to characterize the study subsets.The findings of this study are made available to clinical practice in law,medical and public health,and private and public institutions including insurance companies,employers’federation,mining companies,and workers’unions in PNG,and academics and researchers.Educational programs on the basic principles of genetics,ethics,and law in relation to insurance will have to be developed to improve the knowledge of insurance,medical,and the cost of long-term care.
文摘2025年3月17日,国际顶级学术期刊《自然·遗传学》(Nature Genetics)刊发题为“Genomic analysis of 1325 Camellia accessions sheds light on agronomic and metabolic traits for tea plant improvement”的研究性论文。该研究由福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所与中国农业科学院农业基因组研究所等多家单位合作完成。本研究通过对茶树及其近缘种的基因组进行深度重测序,构建了全面的茶树基因组遗传变异图谱,进而揭示了茶树的遗传多样性及其驯化状态。其结果为茶树的遗传进化和精准设计育种提供了有益见解以及重要参考资料。
基金funded by the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.U21A20253)2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Chicken meat quality directly influences consumer acceptability and is crucial for the economic success of the poultry industry.Genetics and nutrition are key determinants of the meat quality traits in broilers.This review summarizes the research advances in this field,with a focus on the genetic and nutritional foundations that regulate intramuscular fat(IMF)deposition and meat quality in chickens over the past decade.The effects of embryonic nutrition,both maternal nutrition and in ovo feeding(IOF),on skeletal muscle development,the IMF content,and meat quality traits in broilers are also discussed.In genetics,single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that de novo lipogenesis predominantly occurs in myocytes,which is key to the formation of IMF in chicken muscle tissue.Fatty acid synthase(FASN)is the key enzyme involved in this process.This discovery has reshaped the traditional understanding of intramuscular lipid metabolism in poultry.Key genes,proteins,and pathways,such as FASN,FABP4,PPARG,C/EBPα,SLC27A1;LPL,APOA1,COL1A1;PPAR and ECM–receptor interactions signaling,have been identified to regulate IMF content and distribution by modulating fatty acid metabolism and adipogenesis.LncHLFF was innovatively found to promote ectopic IMF deposition in chickens via exosome-mediated mechanisms without affecting abdominal fat deposition.MiR-27b-3p and miR-128-3p were found to inhibit adipogenic differentiation by targeting PPARG,thereby affecting IMF formation.In nutrition,nutrigenomics research has shown that fructose enhances IMF deposition by activating ChREBP,providing new targets for nutritional interventions.Adjusting dietary components,including energy,protein,amino acids,fatty acids,and phytochemicals(e.g.,rutin),has been shown to significantly improve meat quality in broilers.Maternal nutrition(e.g.,intake of energy,amino acids,vitamins,and trace elements)and IOF(e.g.,N-carbamylglutamate)have also been confirmed to significantly impact offspring meat quality,opening new avenues for improving embryonic nutrition.Based on these significant advancements,this review proposes strategies that integrate genetic and nutritional approaches.These strategies aim to modulate the differentiation fate of paraxial mesenchymal stem cells toward myogenic or adipogenic lineages and the interaction between muscle and adipose tissues.These insights would help to improve meat quality while ensuring the growth performance of broiler chickens.
文摘Aiming to solve the steering instability and hysteresis of agricultural robots in the process of movement,a fusion PID control method of particle swarm optimization(PSO)and genetic algorithm(GA)was proposed.The fusion algorithm took advantage of the fast optimization ability of PSO to optimize the population screening link of GA.The Simulink simulation results showed that the convergence of the fitness function of the fusion algorithm was accelerated,the system response adjustment time was reduced,and the overshoot was almost zero.Then the algorithm was applied to the steering test of agricultural robot in various scenes.After modeling the steering system of agricultural robot,the steering test results in the unloaded suspended state showed that the PID control based on fusion algorithm reduced the rise time,response adjustment time and overshoot of the system,and improved the response speed and stability of the system,compared with the artificial trial and error PID control and the PID control based on GA.The actual road steering test results showed that the PID control response rise time based on the fusion algorithm was the shortest,about 4.43 s.When the target pulse number was set to 100,the actual mean value in the steady-state regulation stage was about 102.9,which was the closest to the target value among the three control methods,and the overshoot was reduced at the same time.The steering test results under various scene states showed that the PID control based on the proposed fusion algorithm had good anti-interference ability,it can adapt to the changes of environment and load and improve the performance of the control system.It was effective in the steering control of agricultural robot.This method can provide a reference for the precise steering control of other robots.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1307400)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Three Gorges Innovation Development Joint Fund(Grant No.2023AFD195)China Three Gorges Corporation(NBZZ202300130).
文摘Successful ex situ conservation of plant populations requires a high degree of genetic representativeness.However,spatially biased sampling in ex situ conservation efforts may fail to capture all wild genetic clusters for species with range-wide genetic structure.To investigate the extent of spatially biased sampling in living collections and the coverage of wild genetic clusters in plant populations under ex situ conservation worldwide,we combined a global synthesis of ex situ conservation efforts with a case study of an endangered riparian plant species,Myricaria laxiflora.Our analysis of ex situ conservation worldwide revealed that the majority(82.6%)of ex situ populations fail to cover all wild genetic clusters,largely due to spatially biased sampling with low geographic coverage.Our case study of M.laxiflora showed that genetic diversity differed between the ex situ and upstream populations,while it was comparable between ex situ populations and other wild populations.However,current ex situ populations did not cover all wild genetic clusters,as the upstream genetic cluster was previously uncollected.Our study suggests that the failure to cover all wild genetic clusters in ex situ populations is a widespread issue,and ex situ populations with high genetic diversity can also fail to cover all wild genetic clusters.In future ex situ conservation programs,both the importance of high genetic diversity and the high coverage of wild genetic clusters should be prioritized.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China (YQ2022C040)。
文摘Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272111)+4 种基金Special fund for youth team of the Southwest Universities(SWU-XJPY202306)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2024NSCQLZX0012)Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-12)Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(COMAITS202504)Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008).We sincerely appreciate the Plant Editors team for English language editing of the manuscript,which significantly improved its clarity and overall quality.
文摘Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land,thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.In this review,we synthesize current information on flowering time regulation in rapeseed through an integrated analysis of its genetic,hormonal,and environmental dimensions,emphasizing their crosstalk and implications for yield.We consolidate multi-omics evidence from population genetics,functional genomics,and systems biology to create a haplotype-based framework that overcomes the trade-off between flowering time and yield,providing support for the precision breeding of early-maturing cultivars.The insights presented here could inform future research on flowering time regulation and guide strategies for increasing rapeseed productivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82160727)the Major Science and Technique Programs in Yunnan Province(202304BT090021-ML05)Yunnan Agricultural University research start-up Fund(KY2022-02).
文摘The demand for Erigeron breviscapus,a medicinal Compositae plant with cardiovascular therapeutic properties,has been increasing by 15%annually,exceeding production capacity and necessitating improvements in yield and bioactive compound content.Genetic transformation remains essential for functional genomics,yet current Agrobacterium and biolistic methods are inefficient and expensive.In this study,we cloned the full-length sequences of the BABY BOOM,WUSCHEL and GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR(GRF)genes of E.breviscapus and then transformed them into E.breviscapus explants.The transformation efficiency for the GRF gene reached 45%,and all the transgenic E.breviscapus plants were fertile without obvious developmental defects.Furthermore,we inserted EbGRF4 and Cas9-EbPDS-sgRNA into the same vector for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to effectively knock out the PDS gene,resulting in albino seedlings,with a gene editing efficiency of 33.3%.These findings provide a solid foundation for functional genomic research and the genetic improvement of E.breviscapus,as well as an important reference for establishing high-efficiency genetic transformation systems for other medicinal plants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFD2200202)the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2021366).
文摘Populus species,important economic species combining rapid growth with broad ecological adaptability,play a critical role in sustainable forestry and bioenergy production.In this study,we performed whole-genome resequencing of 707 individuals from a full-sib family to develop comprehensive single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers and constructed a high-density genetic linkage map of 19 linkage groups.The total genetic length of the map reached 3623.65 cM with an average marker interval of 0.34 cM.By integrating multidimensional phenotypic data,89 quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with growth,wood physical and chemical properties,disease resistance,and leaf morphology traits were identified,with logarithm of odds(LOD)scores ranging from 3.13 to 21.72 Notably,pleiotropic analysis revealed significant colocaliza and phenotypic variance explained between 1.7% and 11.6%.-tion hotspots on chromosomes LG1,LG5,LG6,LG8,and LG14,with epistatic interaction network analysis confirming genetic basis of coordinated regulation across multiple traits.Functional annotation of 207 candidate genes showed that R2R3-MYB and bHLH transcription factors and pyruvate kinase-encoding genes were significantly enriched,suggesting crucial roles in lignin biosynthesis and carbon metabolic pathways.Allelic effect analysis indicated that the frequency of favorable alleles associated with target traits ranged from 0.20 to 0.55.Incorporation of QTL-derived favorable alleles as random effects into Bayesian-based genomic selection models led to an increase in prediction accuracy ranging from 1% to 21%,with Bayesian ridge regression as the best predictive model.This study provides valuable genomic resources and genetic insights for deciphering complex trait architecture and advancing molecular breeding in poplar.
基金funded by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China (2024LZGC035)the Start-up Foundation for High Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University,China (665/1120012)。
文摘Peanuts(Arachis hypogaea) are important sources of vegetable oil,protein,and forage.The genus Arachis comprises nine intrageneric taxonomic sections encompassing 84 species.Most Arachis species are wild plants that serve widely as forage and turfgrass.Furthermore,wild Arachis species provide valuable gene resources for broadening the genetic diversity of cultivated peanuts.To date,several key genes have been identified through the use of recombinant inbred lines derived from interspecific crosses within Arachis.Despite this progress,the application of genetic engineering to enhance peanut traits remains limited.This limitation arises primarily from the absence of a robust and reliable genetic transformation protocol for Arachis species.Nevertheless,evidence indicates that successful genetic transformation of Arachis plants was first reported approximately 30 years ago.Thus,a notable discrepancy exists between early reports of transformation success and the ongoing challenges in stably transferring candidate genes into Arachis genotypes.This review summarizes existing methods for regeneration and genetic transformation in Arachis,aiming to advance understanding of transgenic technologies applicable to this genus.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD04071)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1000600)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272084,32372089,and 31971887).
文摘Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a staple hexaploid crop with numerous wild relatives.However,domestication and modern breeding have significantly narrowed its genetic diversity,diminishing its capacity to adapt to climate change.Wild relatives of wheat serve as a vital reservoir of genetic diversity,offering traits thatenhance its resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.Over recent decades,remarkable progress has been made in utilizing superior genes from wild relatives to bolster wheat's defenses against diseases and pests,though the exploration of genes conferring abiotic stress tolerance has lagged behind.In this review,we summarize key advancements in the utilization of wild relatives for wheat enhancement over the past century,emphasizing both theoretical and technological innovations.Furthermore,we evaluate the potential contributions of wild relatives to address production challenges posed by climate change.We also explore strategies for isolating superior genes and developing prebreeding germplasm to support the future development of climate-resilient wheat varieties.
基金Supported by the Research Grants of the National Research,Development and Innovation Office,No.K125377,No.K134863 and No.K143549New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities,No.UNKP-20-5-SZTE-161,No.UNKP-22-3-SZTE-233,No.UNKP-23-5-SZTE-719,No.UNKP-22-4-SZTE-296 and No.UNKP-22-3-SZTE-278+1 种基金Janos Bolyai Research Grant,No.BO/00723/22the Géza Hetényi Research Grant by Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School,University of Szeged.
文摘BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance that is responsible for around 1%of colorectal cancer(CRC)cases.AIM To determine the mutation profile of FAP-specific to the Hungarian population.METHODS This prospective single-center study enrolled patients with clinically suspected FAP or attenuated FAP(aFAP).Whole-exome next-generation sequencing was performed to detect variants of 50 FAP priority genes and 173 CRC predisposing genes or other CRC disease-associated genes.To identify larger deletions and insertions,a multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization technique was used.The identified genes were then classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.RESULTS A total of 26 index patients with clinically suspected FAP(n=21)and aFAP(n=5)were enrolled.APC gene alterations were confirmed in 92.31%of the cases(region 1B deletion,n=2;whole-gene deletion,n=4;frameshift mutation,n=2;nonsense mutation,n=5,and splice mutation,n=1),with the remaining two cases having CHEK2 and MSH3 gene alterations.According to pathogenicity,21 cases had pathogenic mutations,6 cases had likely pathogenic mutations,and 16 cases had variants of unknown significance(VUS).The most frequent of the latter were the POLE(n=5)and PIEZO1(n=4)gene variants.CONCLUSION Germline mutations in the APC gene were confirmed in more than 90%of Hungarian patients with clinically suspected FAP.Although the role of VUS genes is unclear,they are highly likely to play a role in the development of CRC.
