Methyl-eugenol （ME） （1,2-dimethoxy-4-（2-propenyl）benzene）, a natural phy- tochemical, did enhance male Bactrocera carambolae Drew ＆ Hancock （Diptera： Tephri- tidae） mating competitiveness 3 d after ingestion...Methyl-eugenol （ME） （1,2-dimethoxy-4-（2-propenyl）benzene）, a natural phy- tochemical, did enhance male Bactrocera carambolae Drew ＆ Hancock （Diptera： Tephri- tidae） mating competitiveness 3 d after ingestion. Enhanced male mating competitiveness can significantly increase the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique （SIT）. ME appli- cation to mass reared sterile flies by feeding is infeasible. ME application by aromatherapy however, would be a very practical way of ME application in fly emergence and release facilities. This approach was shown to enhance mating competitiveness ofB. carambolae 3 d posttreatment （DPT）. Despite this added benefit, every additional day of delaying re- lease will reduce sterile fly quality and will add cost to SIT application. The present study was planned to assess the effects of ME-aromatherapy on male B. carambolae mating competitiveness 1DPT and 2DPT. ME aromatherapy 1DPT or 2DPT did enhance mating competitiveness of B. carambolae males whereas ME feeding 1DPT and 2DPT did not. Male mating competitiveness was enhanced by the ME aromatherapy irrespective if they received 1DPT, 2DPT or 3DPT. ME aromatherapy, being a viable approach for its applica- tion, did enhance mating competitiveness of male B. carambolae 1 d posttreatrnent as ME feeding did 3 d after ingestion.展开更多
Local mate competition(LMC) was firstly used to explain extra-ordinary female-biased sex ratios. However, some observations have found that the sex ratios of some species are more female-biased than the predictions of...Local mate competition(LMC) was firstly used to explain extra-ordinary female-biased sex ratios. However, some observations have found that the sex ratios of some species are more female-biased than the predictions of LMC and its extensions; there is not yet a theory that accounts for the mechanisms of more female-biased sex ratio. Here, we assume that LMC occurs at a destructed habitat that reduces the resource for production, and present a new extension for the LMC model. Consequently, our model shows that the evolutionarily stable strategy(ESS) for sex ratio depends on two parameters: the number of foundresses and the degree of habitat destruction. Moreover, the sex ratio decreases as the degree of habitat destruction increases, i.e., the proportion of female increases. These results generally agree with experimental data, and may provide a new basis for the evolution of female-biased sex ratios in local mate competition and a new theory support for conservation of some species.展开更多
Enriching the diets of sterile fruit flies with bacterial species prior to their release has been shown to improve their survival and sexual competitiveness.However,most of the bacteria associated with fruit flies are...Enriching the diets of sterile fruit flies with bacterial species prior to their release has been shown to improve their survival and sexual competitiveness.However,most of the bacteria associated with fruit flies are enterobacteria,and some species have been classified as opportunistic pathogens.On the other hand,in diets that include hydrolyzed yeast,the effect of bacteria has been counterproductive,which could be due to the protein content in the diet being too high.Therefore,our aim here was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus casei,interacting with different contents of hydrolyzed yeast in the diet,on the performance of Anastrepha obliqua adults.In sexual competitiveness tests,the highest proportion of matings was achieved by males fed on a standard diet(3:1 sugar:yeast)plus L.casei.However,the differences with the 3:1 sugar:yeast diet was not significant.In survival tests,the 3:1 diet,without L.casei,showed the highest survival.The group fed with sugar plus L.casei showed the lowest survival.Females fed the 3:1 diet showed the highest fecundity,followed by those fed the 3:1 diet plus L.casei.Enriching the standard 3:1 diet with L.casei did not lead to significant improvements in male sexual performance,survival of either sex,or fecundity,compared to flies fed the standard diet alone.However,given that Lactobacillus is harmless to both humans and flies,further research into its potential application in the sterile insect technique(SIT)is recommended.Future studies should explore alternative formulations,varying concentrations,and other species within the Lactobacillus genus that may exert more pronounced effects on the biological traits of this fruit fly.展开更多
Local mate competition theory predicts that offspring sex ratio in pollinating fig wasps is female-biased when there is only one foundress, and increased foundress density results in increased offspring sex ratio. Inf...Local mate competition theory predicts that offspring sex ratio in pollinating fig wasps is female-biased when there is only one foundress, and increased foundress density results in increased offspring sex ratio. Information of other foundresses and clutch size have been suggested to be the main proximate explanations for sex ratio adjustment under local mate competition. Our focus was to show the mechanism of sex ratio adjustment in a pollinating fig wasp, Ceratosolen solmsi Mayr, an obligate pollinator of the functionally dioecious fig, Ficus hispida Linn., with controlled experiments in the field. First, we obtained offspring from one pollinator and offspring at different oviposition sequences, and found that offspring sex ratio decreased with clutch size, and pollinators produced most of their male offspring at the start of bouts, followed by mostly females. Second, we found that offspring sex ratio increased with foundress density, and pollinators did adjust their offspring sex ratio to other females in the oviposition patches. We suggest that when oviposition sites are not limited, pollinators will mainly adjust their offspring sex ratio to other foundresses independent of clutch size changes, whereas adjusting clutch size may be used to adjust sex ratio when oviposition sites are limited.展开更多
文摘Methyl-eugenol （ME） （1,2-dimethoxy-4-（2-propenyl）benzene）, a natural phy- tochemical, did enhance male Bactrocera carambolae Drew ＆ Hancock （Diptera： Tephri- tidae） mating competitiveness 3 d after ingestion. Enhanced male mating competitiveness can significantly increase the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique （SIT）. ME appli- cation to mass reared sterile flies by feeding is infeasible. ME application by aromatherapy however, would be a very practical way of ME application in fly emergence and release facilities. This approach was shown to enhance mating competitiveness ofB. carambolae 3 d posttreatment （DPT）. Despite this added benefit, every additional day of delaying re- lease will reduce sterile fly quality and will add cost to SIT application. The present study was planned to assess the effects of ME-aromatherapy on male B. carambolae mating competitiveness 1DPT and 2DPT. ME aromatherapy 1DPT or 2DPT did enhance mating competitiveness of B. carambolae males whereas ME feeding 1DPT and 2DPT did not. Male mating competitiveness was enhanced by the ME aromatherapy irrespective if they received 1DPT, 2DPT or 3DPT. ME aromatherapy, being a viable approach for its applica- tion, did enhance mating competitiveness of male B. carambolae 1 d posttreatrnent as ME feeding did 3 d after ingestion.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31600299)the Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi Province,China(No.20160234)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.17JK0040)the Key Project of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(No.ZK16050)
文摘Local mate competition(LMC) was firstly used to explain extra-ordinary female-biased sex ratios. However, some observations have found that the sex ratios of some species are more female-biased than the predictions of LMC and its extensions; there is not yet a theory that accounts for the mechanisms of more female-biased sex ratio. Here, we assume that LMC occurs at a destructed habitat that reduces the resource for production, and present a new extension for the LMC model. Consequently, our model shows that the evolutionarily stable strategy(ESS) for sex ratio depends on two parameters: the number of foundresses and the degree of habitat destruction. Moreover, the sex ratio decreases as the degree of habitat destruction increases, i.e., the proportion of female increases. These results generally agree with experimental data, and may provide a new basis for the evolution of female-biased sex ratios in local mate competition and a new theory support for conservation of some species.
基金To the Consejo Nacional de Humanidades,Ciencia y Tecnologia(CONAHCYT)for the scholarship awarded to DO(830505)To the Moscafrut facility of the Programa Nacional de Moscas de la Fruta(SENASICA)for providing the biological material.This work was supported by project"Mass-rearing colony management for SIT application in Anastrepha fruit flies"funded by the International Atomic Agency through contract 22676.
文摘Enriching the diets of sterile fruit flies with bacterial species prior to their release has been shown to improve their survival and sexual competitiveness.However,most of the bacteria associated with fruit flies are enterobacteria,and some species have been classified as opportunistic pathogens.On the other hand,in diets that include hydrolyzed yeast,the effect of bacteria has been counterproductive,which could be due to the protein content in the diet being too high.Therefore,our aim here was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus casei,interacting with different contents of hydrolyzed yeast in the diet,on the performance of Anastrepha obliqua adults.In sexual competitiveness tests,the highest proportion of matings was achieved by males fed on a standard diet(3:1 sugar:yeast)plus L.casei.However,the differences with the 3:1 sugar:yeast diet was not significant.In survival tests,the 3:1 diet,without L.casei,showed the highest survival.The group fed with sugar plus L.casei showed the lowest survival.Females fed the 3:1 diet showed the highest fecundity,followed by those fed the 3:1 diet plus L.casei.Enriching the standard 3:1 diet with L.casei did not lead to significant improvements in male sexual performance,survival of either sex,or fecundity,compared to flies fed the standard diet alone.However,given that Lactobacillus is harmless to both humans and flies,further research into its potential application in the sterile insect technique(SIT)is recommended.Future studies should explore alternative formulations,varying concentrations,and other species within the Lactobacillus genus that may exert more pronounced effects on the biological traits of this fruit fly.
文摘Local mate competition theory predicts that offspring sex ratio in pollinating fig wasps is female-biased when there is only one foundress, and increased foundress density results in increased offspring sex ratio. Information of other foundresses and clutch size have been suggested to be the main proximate explanations for sex ratio adjustment under local mate competition. Our focus was to show the mechanism of sex ratio adjustment in a pollinating fig wasp, Ceratosolen solmsi Mayr, an obligate pollinator of the functionally dioecious fig, Ficus hispida Linn., with controlled experiments in the field. First, we obtained offspring from one pollinator and offspring at different oviposition sequences, and found that offspring sex ratio decreased with clutch size, and pollinators produced most of their male offspring at the start of bouts, followed by mostly females. Second, we found that offspring sex ratio increased with foundress density, and pollinators did adjust their offspring sex ratio to other females in the oviposition patches. We suggest that when oviposition sites are not limited, pollinators will mainly adjust their offspring sex ratio to other foundresses independent of clutch size changes, whereas adjusting clutch size may be used to adjust sex ratio when oviposition sites are limited.
