Set as the primary and ultimate goal of language teaching process by MacIntyre et al.(1998),willingness to communicate in second language(L2 WTC) has been put much attention in L2 acquisition field.This study examined...Set as the primary and ultimate goal of language teaching process by MacIntyre et al.(1998),willingness to communicate in second language(L2 WTC) has been put much attention in L2 acquisition field.This study examined quantitatively the willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language(EFL WTC) in Tibetan context with a questionnaire.Tibetan college students' EFL WTC was found significantly lower than Han students.No significant difference was found between Tibetan male and female students in their EFL WTC.Causes were explored andsome pedagogical suggestions were made in this study.展开更多
Willingness to communicate illustrates anyone’s tendency and wish to commence a communication.Besides,socio-cognitive strategies are used when people want to interact with others and face some difficulties.The aim of...Willingness to communicate illustrates anyone’s tendency and wish to commence a communication.Besides,socio-cognitive strategies are used when people want to interact with others and face some difficulties.The aim of this study was twofold.The first aim was to investigate the difference in willingness to communicate between Iranian male and female.The second aim was to distinguish the frequency of socio-cognitive strategies used by Iranian advance students based on their gender.To these ends,32 advance learners(16 males and 16 females)were given the willingness to communicate questionnaire developed by MacIntyre,Baker,Clément,and Conrod(2001)and the socio-cognitive strategy use questionnaire.The range of the participants’age was 17-23 in both males and females.To analyze the result of the socio-cognitive strategies use,frequencies were counted.The result showed that although there were some similarities and differences between males and females while using socio-cognitive strategies,the differences were more in social strategies than cognitive ones.After collecting the data from the questionnaires and calculating the means of the two groups,an independent sample T-test was run to compute the significant differences between the two groups.The result of the willingness to communicate questionnaire revealed that males had more tendency in communication than females.Also,the result of the socio-cognitive strategy questionnaire showed that both groups are similar in cognitive strategy use,but they are different in social strategy use.展开更多
As increasingly large number of Chinese students study abroad,Chinese students'classrooms behavious have captured attention.In addition to analyzing the factors affecting the learners'willingness to communicat...As increasingly large number of Chinese students study abroad,Chinese students'classrooms behavious have captured attention.In addition to analyzing the factors affecting the learners'willingness to communicate(WTC) in second language(L2),the paper also aims to examine validity of the heuristic model of MacIntyre et al.(1998) in this particular context.Results show that interlocutor,topic and conversational context are the three main situational variables found to affect the Chinese learners'L2 WTC.展开更多
A great challenge in neuroscience has been to understand how neurons communicate.The neuroanatomists of the 19th Century could see neurons stretching processes to contact other neurons,but could not see the detail of ...A great challenge in neuroscience has been to understand how neurons communicate.The neuroanatomists of the 19th Century could see neurons stretching processes to contact other neurons,but could not see the detail of the contact.Many thought that neurons formed a syncytium,with continuity of membranes from one to the next.Over the ensuing two hundred years or so,we have come to understand that the circuity of the brain is not formed by a syncytium of neurons;rather,individual neurons communicate with each other with a range of biological signals.Neurons are highly active cells,with their activity being electrical and their communication being either chemical,electrical or gaseous.展开更多
As a new affective variable in the field of L2 （Second Language） Acquisition, the study of WTC （Willingness to Communicate） has attracted widespread attention since the 1990s, which is not only an effective way to...As a new affective variable in the field of L2 （Second Language） Acquisition, the study of WTC （Willingness to Communicate） has attracted widespread attention since the 1990s, which is not only an effective way to promote language learning but also an important language target itself. Based on the data got from the questionnaire, the present study intends to explore the level, gender difference, correlation with academic .performance, and influencing factors of English majors＇ WTC inside classroom using both quantitative and qualitative research method. The results reveal that English majors＇ WTC inside classroom is comparatively high; there is no significant gender difference in English majors＇ WTC inside classroom, and there is significant positive correlation between WTC inside classroom and academic achievement; furthermore, language capacity, language anxiety, and communicative atmosphere are the main influencing factors展开更多
ZHEJIANG Province in southeast China borders the East China Sea to its east, Fujian Province to its south, Anhui and Jiangxi Province to its west, and Jiangsu Province and Shanghai to its north. Its 101,800-sq-km land...ZHEJIANG Province in southeast China borders the East China Sea to its east, Fujian Province to its south, Anhui and Jiangxi Province to its west, and Jiangsu Province and Shanghai to its north. Its 101,800-sq-km land area is home to 44.22 million people. Zhejiang has a coastline measuring 6,486 kilometers, the longest in China. Across its vast sea area are scattered over 3,000 islands of a total area of 1,670 square kilometers.展开更多
Communication satellites play an increasingly important role in modern life,they are the information highway in the sky,connecting every corner of the world.Large deployable antennas are one of the core technologies o...Communication satellites play an increasingly important role in modern life,they are the information highway in the sky,connecting every corner of the world.Large deployable antennas are one of the core technologies of communication satellites for efficient and stable communication,forming a huge reflective surface,precisely focusing and reflecting radio waves to ensure high-quality communication with ground stations over long distances.They can not only cover a wider area and provide higher-capacity data transmission,but also maintain stable performance in harsh space environments,ensuring the continuity and reliability of communications.展开更多
This qualitative study aims at exploring the influence of L2 learners' willingness to communicate(WTC) on second language communication. The participants involved in this study were 7 beginners learning Mandarin i...This qualitative study aims at exploring the influence of L2 learners' willingness to communicate(WTC) on second language communication. The participants involved in this study were 7 beginners learning Mandarin in a Chinese university whose native languages were totally different. Multiple sources of data were collected, including classroom observations, semistructured interviews and stimulated recalls. The results indicate that the students with higher level of WTC were more fluent in L2 Chinese communication, and the student whose native language or second language is Russian performed better in Chinese communication.展开更多
In Chinese traditional classes, grammar-based teaching method is widely adopted, and this leads to a phenomenon thatChinese students are usually good at grammar and writing, but poor at speaking. Besides, when Chinese...In Chinese traditional classes, grammar-based teaching method is widely adopted, and this leads to a phenomenon thatChinese students are usually good at grammar and writing, but poor at speaking. Besides, when Chinese students are in a communi-cation-based class, some of them usually feel uncomfortable and are reluctant to communicate. This phenomenon may relate to Chi-nese students' willingness to communicate(WTC).There are a great deal of research has been conducted to WTC related to person-ality, communicative and social environment. However, just small number of exploration has been allotted to the cultural perspec-tive.展开更多
WHEN South African people talk about China, they are usually discussing delicious Chinese cuisine, tradition and history, a developing economy, or even famous kungfu stars. However, Chinese literature is a topic rarel...WHEN South African people talk about China, they are usually discussing delicious Chinese cuisine, tradition and history, a developing economy, or even famous kungfu stars. However, Chinese literature is a topic rarely included, as South African travel writer Shile Khumalo admits - most South Africans, even writers like himself, have never been exposed to Chinese literature throughout their entire life.展开更多
Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia play huge part of national economic development because MSMEs can reduce unemployment rate. But, it is not easy to manage MSMEs well so it can be sustainable. There ...Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia play huge part of national economic development because MSMEs can reduce unemployment rate. But, it is not easy to manage MSMEs well so it can be sustainable. There are some reasons why MSMEs are difficult to sustain, i.e., good management people by communicate effectively. Authors believe that one of important ability that owners, as a leader, must have in order to communicate effectively is cultural intelligence. Even in MSMEs, cultural intelligence plays important part because employees in MSMEs are diverse. They come from different region (mean having different tradition) and have different level of education. Methodology that is used in this article is qualitative method, and techniques of data collection are interview and observation. Technique of choosing informant is purposive and convenience while data analysis is using content analysis. The result of this study shows that leaders in MSMEs already have cultural intelligence to communicate with their employee. Leaders who have cultural intelligence can choose right method to communicate effectively with their employee.展开更多
the teacher themselves. The teacher are too fastidious and stringent which will make the class become a battlefield. Everyone is afraid of speaking during the class. And furthermore, the way which the teacher uses to ...the teacher themselves. The teacher are too fastidious and stringent which will make the class become a battlefield. Everyone is afraid of speaking during the class. And furthermore, the way which the teacher uses to communicate with student is not suitable. As a common sense, communication is art art, so we should choose the right way to communicate with the child. Furthermore, we need to put more focus on the communication way of teachers, and find out how to let the students communicate in the class. In this short essay, I try to propose some measures to the teacher on this topic of communication in the class.展开更多
Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types.Glial cells,the most abundant cells in the nervous system,play a vital role in intercellular signaling ...Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types.Glial cells,the most abundant cells in the nervous system,play a vital role in intercellular signaling and can show abnormal activation under pathological conditions.Our bibliometric analysis indicated a substantial increase in research on tunneling nanotubes over the past two decades,highlighting their important role in cellular communication.This review focuses on the formation of tunneling nanotubes in various types of glial cells,including astrocytes,microglia,glioma cells,and Schwann cells,as well as their roles in cellular communication and cargo transport.We found that glial cells influence the stability of the neural system and play a role in nerve regeneration through tunneling nanotubes.Tunneling nanotubes facilitate the transmission and progression of diseases by transporting pathogens and harmful substances.However,they are also involved in alleviating cellular stress by removing toxins and delivering essential nutrients.Understanding the interactions between glial cells through tunneling nanotubes could provide valuable insights into the complex neural networks that govern brain function and responses to injury.展开更多
Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow trigger neurovascular remodeling,as manifested by the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subs equent neurovascular repair activities such as angiogenesis.This process...Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow trigger neurovascular remodeling,as manifested by the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subs equent neurovascular repair activities such as angiogenesis.This process involves neurovascular communication that facilitates the transport of mediators among cerebrovascular endothelial cells,pericytes,glial cells,and neurons,thereby transmitting signals from donor to recipient cells to elicit a collaborative response.展开更多
Introduction:One of the main events that regulate a cell’s well-being is cell-to-cell communication.This intercellular mechanism of information transfer is often mediated by vesicular trafficking.Mitochondrial-derive...Introduction:One of the main events that regulate a cell’s well-being is cell-to-cell communication.This intercellular mechanism of information transfer is often mediated by vesicular trafficking.Mitochondrial-derived vesicles(MDVs)are an emerging subpopulation of extracellular vesicle(EV)first discovered in 2008 that allow mitochondria to communicate with their surroundings.展开更多
Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease is extremely challenging,as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-βcascade hypothesis.More r...Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease is extremely challenging,as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-βcascade hypothesis.More recently,advances in the development of Lecanemab,an anti-amyloid-βmonoclonal antibody,have shown positive results in reducing brain A burden and slowing cognitive decline in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease in the Phase Ⅲ clinical trial(Clarity Alzheimer’s disease).Despite these promising results,side effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities(ARIA)may limit its usage.ARIA can manifest as ARIA-E(cerebral edema or effusions)and ARIA-H(microhemorrhages or superficial siderosis)and is thought to be caused by increased vascular permeability due to inflammatory responses,leading to leakages of blood products and protein-rich fluid into brain parenchyma.Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease,and the blood-brain barrier becomes increasingly leaky as the disease progresses.In addition,APOE4,the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease,is associated with higher vascular amyloid burden,increased ARIA incidence,and accelerated blood-brain barrier disruptions.These interconnected vascular abnormalities highlight the importance of vascular contributions to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.Here,we will closely examine recent research evaluating the heterogeneity of brain endothelial cells in the microvasculature of different brain regions and their relationships with Alzheimer’s disease progression.展开更多
Infant call structure should have evolved to elicit maximum maternal attention and investment.Neonates of giant pandas produce three types of vocalizations reported to be vitally important in the context of mother–in...Infant call structure should have evolved to elicit maximum maternal attention and investment.Neonates of giant pandas produce three types of vocalizations reported to be vitally important in the context of mother–infant communications.However,how cubs,0–15 days old,communicate with their mothers to elicit maternal care remains unknown.We analyzed 12 different call parameters of 3475 squawks,1355 squalls,and 491 croaks from 11 captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates from age 0 to 15 days.In playback experiments,we also tested whether mothers could detect ultrasound.Our results show that neonates use broadband calls with ultrasonic frequencies up to 65 kHz to convey information about their physiological needs and to attract maternal care.In playback experiments,we tested if mothers reacted differently to broadband calls(BBC)than to artificially altered calls that included only frequencies<20 kHz(AUDC)or calls that included only frequencies>20 kHz(USC).Playback confirmed that,although adult females responded significantly less often to USC,BBC than to or AUDC,they could detect USC,BBC and generally made appropriate behavioral responses,indicating a potential benefit for neonates to utilize ultrasonic and broadband frequencies.Our findings provide a new insight into mother–infant communication in giant pandas and will be helpful for reducing the mortality of cubs,younger than 1 month old,in captivity.展开更多
Studies investigating the benefits of green buildings can be approached by the affor-dance theory-the perceived properties of a thing that determine how it could pos-sibly be used.This study focuses on the sustainable...Studies investigating the benefits of green buildings can be approached by the affor-dance theory-the perceived properties of a thing that determine how it could pos-sibly be used.This study focuses on the sustainable communication and education that a green building should provide.By applying the affordance theory,we examined whether a LEED-certified university campus building effectively communicates green design and sustainability to its users and if so,then how?We employed a question-naire survey targeting campus users of a LEED-certified building by examining their awareness of the building’s LEED status and perception of green design elements at multiple spatial scales,as well as their general knowledge on green building topics.We collected 177 questionnaires,of which 153 were qualified for statistical analysis.The results suggested that the building itself can afford to promote awareness among users,but cannot afford to educate users on general green building knowledge.We found that building users perceived green design at different spatial scales,preferring either product or space-related design.Our results indicate that future design should continue promoting the use of educational signage,which was found to be the most effective communicator of sustainability.The communication of green design to users with different spatial preferences remains a future research focus.Further studies on the innovative use of green building design as effective communicators are needed to promote sustainability education among the building users.展开更多
Yesterday,Lectra,a leading supplier of industrial intelligent technology solutions for the fashion,automotive,and furniture industries,successfully held the Valia Fashion new product launch event in Shanghai.Numerous ...Yesterday,Lectra,a leading supplier of industrial intelligent technology solutions for the fashion,automotive,and furniture industries,successfully held the Valia Fashion new product launch event in Shanghai.Numerous industry leaders,experts,scholars,and media participated in this event to communicate the future trends of fashion manufacturing and witness the heavyweight release of a new intelligent digital platform-Valia Fashion.The launch of this platform is not only an important milestone for Lectra to promote intelligent upgrading in the industry,but also marks a new era of fashion manufacturing centered on data-driven,collaborative efficiency,and sustainable development.展开更多
文摘Set as the primary and ultimate goal of language teaching process by MacIntyre et al.(1998),willingness to communicate in second language(L2 WTC) has been put much attention in L2 acquisition field.This study examined quantitatively the willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language(EFL WTC) in Tibetan context with a questionnaire.Tibetan college students' EFL WTC was found significantly lower than Han students.No significant difference was found between Tibetan male and female students in their EFL WTC.Causes were explored andsome pedagogical suggestions were made in this study.
文摘Willingness to communicate illustrates anyone’s tendency and wish to commence a communication.Besides,socio-cognitive strategies are used when people want to interact with others and face some difficulties.The aim of this study was twofold.The first aim was to investigate the difference in willingness to communicate between Iranian male and female.The second aim was to distinguish the frequency of socio-cognitive strategies used by Iranian advance students based on their gender.To these ends,32 advance learners(16 males and 16 females)were given the willingness to communicate questionnaire developed by MacIntyre,Baker,Clément,and Conrod(2001)and the socio-cognitive strategy use questionnaire.The range of the participants’age was 17-23 in both males and females.To analyze the result of the socio-cognitive strategies use,frequencies were counted.The result showed that although there were some similarities and differences between males and females while using socio-cognitive strategies,the differences were more in social strategies than cognitive ones.After collecting the data from the questionnaires and calculating the means of the two groups,an independent sample T-test was run to compute the significant differences between the two groups.The result of the willingness to communicate questionnaire revealed that males had more tendency in communication than females.Also,the result of the socio-cognitive strategy questionnaire showed that both groups are similar in cognitive strategy use,but they are different in social strategy use.
文摘As increasingly large number of Chinese students study abroad,Chinese students'classrooms behavious have captured attention.In addition to analyzing the factors affecting the learners'willingness to communicate(WTC) in second language(L2),the paper also aims to examine validity of the heuristic model of MacIntyre et al.(1998) in this particular context.Results show that interlocutor,topic and conversational context are the three main situational variables found to affect the Chinese learners'L2 WTC.
文摘A great challenge in neuroscience has been to understand how neurons communicate.The neuroanatomists of the 19th Century could see neurons stretching processes to contact other neurons,but could not see the detail of the contact.Many thought that neurons formed a syncytium,with continuity of membranes from one to the next.Over the ensuing two hundred years or so,we have come to understand that the circuity of the brain is not formed by a syncytium of neurons;rather,individual neurons communicate with each other with a range of biological signals.Neurons are highly active cells,with their activity being electrical and their communication being either chemical,electrical or gaseous.
文摘As a new affective variable in the field of L2 （Second Language） Acquisition, the study of WTC （Willingness to Communicate） has attracted widespread attention since the 1990s, which is not only an effective way to promote language learning but also an important language target itself. Based on the data got from the questionnaire, the present study intends to explore the level, gender difference, correlation with academic .performance, and influencing factors of English majors＇ WTC inside classroom using both quantitative and qualitative research method. The results reveal that English majors＇ WTC inside classroom is comparatively high; there is no significant gender difference in English majors＇ WTC inside classroom, and there is significant positive correlation between WTC inside classroom and academic achievement; furthermore, language capacity, language anxiety, and communicative atmosphere are the main influencing factors
文摘ZHEJIANG Province in southeast China borders the East China Sea to its east, Fujian Province to its south, Anhui and Jiangxi Province to its west, and Jiangsu Province and Shanghai to its north. Its 101,800-sq-km land area is home to 44.22 million people. Zhejiang has a coastline measuring 6,486 kilometers, the longest in China. Across its vast sea area are scattered over 3,000 islands of a total area of 1,670 square kilometers.
文摘Communication satellites play an increasingly important role in modern life,they are the information highway in the sky,connecting every corner of the world.Large deployable antennas are one of the core technologies of communication satellites for efficient and stable communication,forming a huge reflective surface,precisely focusing and reflecting radio waves to ensure high-quality communication with ground stations over long distances.They can not only cover a wider area and provide higher-capacity data transmission,but also maintain stable performance in harsh space environments,ensuring the continuity and reliability of communications.
文摘This qualitative study aims at exploring the influence of L2 learners' willingness to communicate(WTC) on second language communication. The participants involved in this study were 7 beginners learning Mandarin in a Chinese university whose native languages were totally different. Multiple sources of data were collected, including classroom observations, semistructured interviews and stimulated recalls. The results indicate that the students with higher level of WTC were more fluent in L2 Chinese communication, and the student whose native language or second language is Russian performed better in Chinese communication.
文摘In Chinese traditional classes, grammar-based teaching method is widely adopted, and this leads to a phenomenon thatChinese students are usually good at grammar and writing, but poor at speaking. Besides, when Chinese students are in a communi-cation-based class, some of them usually feel uncomfortable and are reluctant to communicate. This phenomenon may relate to Chi-nese students' willingness to communicate(WTC).There are a great deal of research has been conducted to WTC related to person-ality, communicative and social environment. However, just small number of exploration has been allotted to the cultural perspec-tive.
文摘WHEN South African people talk about China, they are usually discussing delicious Chinese cuisine, tradition and history, a developing economy, or even famous kungfu stars. However, Chinese literature is a topic rarely included, as South African travel writer Shile Khumalo admits - most South Africans, even writers like himself, have never been exposed to Chinese literature throughout their entire life.
文摘Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia play huge part of national economic development because MSMEs can reduce unemployment rate. But, it is not easy to manage MSMEs well so it can be sustainable. There are some reasons why MSMEs are difficult to sustain, i.e., good management people by communicate effectively. Authors believe that one of important ability that owners, as a leader, must have in order to communicate effectively is cultural intelligence. Even in MSMEs, cultural intelligence plays important part because employees in MSMEs are diverse. They come from different region (mean having different tradition) and have different level of education. Methodology that is used in this article is qualitative method, and techniques of data collection are interview and observation. Technique of choosing informant is purposive and convenience while data analysis is using content analysis. The result of this study shows that leaders in MSMEs already have cultural intelligence to communicate with their employee. Leaders who have cultural intelligence can choose right method to communicate effectively with their employee.
文摘the teacher themselves. The teacher are too fastidious and stringent which will make the class become a battlefield. Everyone is afraid of speaking during the class. And furthermore, the way which the teacher uses to communicate with student is not suitable. As a common sense, communication is art art, so we should choose the right way to communicate with the child. Furthermore, we need to put more focus on the communication way of teachers, and find out how to let the students communicate in the class. In this short essay, I try to propose some measures to the teacher on this topic of communication in the class.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82101115(to JY)the Wuhan University Independent Innovation Fund Youth Project,No.2042021kf0094(to JY).
文摘Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types.Glial cells,the most abundant cells in the nervous system,play a vital role in intercellular signaling and can show abnormal activation under pathological conditions.Our bibliometric analysis indicated a substantial increase in research on tunneling nanotubes over the past two decades,highlighting their important role in cellular communication.This review focuses on the formation of tunneling nanotubes in various types of glial cells,including astrocytes,microglia,glioma cells,and Schwann cells,as well as their roles in cellular communication and cargo transport.We found that glial cells influence the stability of the neural system and play a role in nerve regeneration through tunneling nanotubes.Tunneling nanotubes facilitate the transmission and progression of diseases by transporting pathogens and harmful substances.However,they are also involved in alleviating cellular stress by removing toxins and delivering essential nutrients.Understanding the interactions between glial cells through tunneling nanotubes could provide valuable insights into the complex neural networks that govern brain function and responses to injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171344(to ZY),82471313(to CKT)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China,Nos.2023B1515120035,2024A1515012035(to CKT)The Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou Nos.2025A03J4169(to ZY)。
文摘Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow trigger neurovascular remodeling,as manifested by the blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subs equent neurovascular repair activities such as angiogenesis.This process involves neurovascular communication that facilitates the transport of mediators among cerebrovascular endothelial cells,pericytes,glial cells,and neurons,thereby transmitting signals from donor to recipient cells to elicit a collaborative response.
基金supported by project Emerging Infectious Diseases One Health Basic and Translational Research Actions addressing Unmet Needs on Emerging Infectious Diseases,INF-ACT,Spoke 1 and Spoke 5,Project number PE00000007,CUP B53C20040570005(to PP and DN).
文摘Introduction:One of the main events that regulate a cell’s well-being is cell-to-cell communication.This intercellular mechanism of information transfer is often mediated by vesicular trafficking.Mitochondrial-derived vesicles(MDVs)are an emerging subpopulation of extracellular vesicle(EV)first discovered in 2008 that allow mitochondria to communicate with their surroundings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82404892(to QY),82061160374(to ZZ)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao Special Administrative Region,China,Nos.0023/2020/AFJ,0035/2020/AGJ+2 种基金the University of Macao Research Grant,Nos.MYRG2022-00248-ICMS,MYRG-CRG2022-00010-ICMS(to MPMH)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2024A1515012818(to ZZ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.21623114(to ZZ).
文摘Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease is extremely challenging,as demonstrated by the repeated failures of amyloid-β-targeted therapeutics and the controversies surrounding the amyloid-βcascade hypothesis.More recently,advances in the development of Lecanemab,an anti-amyloid-βmonoclonal antibody,have shown positive results in reducing brain A burden and slowing cognitive decline in patients with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease in the Phase Ⅲ clinical trial(Clarity Alzheimer’s disease).Despite these promising results,side effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities(ARIA)may limit its usage.ARIA can manifest as ARIA-E(cerebral edema or effusions)and ARIA-H(microhemorrhages or superficial siderosis)and is thought to be caused by increased vascular permeability due to inflammatory responses,leading to leakages of blood products and protein-rich fluid into brain parenchyma.Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease,and the blood-brain barrier becomes increasingly leaky as the disease progresses.In addition,APOE4,the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease,is associated with higher vascular amyloid burden,increased ARIA incidence,and accelerated blood-brain barrier disruptions.These interconnected vascular abnormalities highlight the importance of vascular contributions to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.Here,we will closely examine recent research evaluating the heterogeneity of brain endothelial cells in the microvasculature of different brain regions and their relationships with Alzheimer’s disease progression.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant#31772466)funding from CCRCGP(grant#CCRCGP181914 to Hemin Zhang and Dingzhen Liu)the International Collaborative Project of the Giant Panda(2017-115).
文摘Infant call structure should have evolved to elicit maximum maternal attention and investment.Neonates of giant pandas produce three types of vocalizations reported to be vitally important in the context of mother–infant communications.However,how cubs,0–15 days old,communicate with their mothers to elicit maternal care remains unknown.We analyzed 12 different call parameters of 3475 squawks,1355 squalls,and 491 croaks from 11 captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates from age 0 to 15 days.In playback experiments,we also tested whether mothers could detect ultrasound.Our results show that neonates use broadband calls with ultrasonic frequencies up to 65 kHz to convey information about their physiological needs and to attract maternal care.In playback experiments,we tested if mothers reacted differently to broadband calls(BBC)than to artificially altered calls that included only frequencies<20 kHz(AUDC)or calls that included only frequencies>20 kHz(USC).Playback confirmed that,although adult females responded significantly less often to USC,BBC than to or AUDC,they could detect USC,BBC and generally made appropriate behavioral responses,indicating a potential benefit for neonates to utilize ultrasonic and broadband frequencies.Our findings provide a new insight into mother–infant communication in giant pandas and will be helpful for reducing the mortality of cubs,younger than 1 month old,in captivity.
基金supported by the Sustainable Energy Program of the National Science Foundation(CHE1230246).
文摘Studies investigating the benefits of green buildings can be approached by the affor-dance theory-the perceived properties of a thing that determine how it could pos-sibly be used.This study focuses on the sustainable communication and education that a green building should provide.By applying the affordance theory,we examined whether a LEED-certified university campus building effectively communicates green design and sustainability to its users and if so,then how?We employed a question-naire survey targeting campus users of a LEED-certified building by examining their awareness of the building’s LEED status and perception of green design elements at multiple spatial scales,as well as their general knowledge on green building topics.We collected 177 questionnaires,of which 153 were qualified for statistical analysis.The results suggested that the building itself can afford to promote awareness among users,but cannot afford to educate users on general green building knowledge.We found that building users perceived green design at different spatial scales,preferring either product or space-related design.Our results indicate that future design should continue promoting the use of educational signage,which was found to be the most effective communicator of sustainability.The communication of green design to users with different spatial preferences remains a future research focus.Further studies on the innovative use of green building design as effective communicators are needed to promote sustainability education among the building users.
文摘Yesterday,Lectra,a leading supplier of industrial intelligent technology solutions for the fashion,automotive,and furniture industries,successfully held the Valia Fashion new product launch event in Shanghai.Numerous industry leaders,experts,scholars,and media participated in this event to communicate the future trends of fashion manufacturing and witness the heavyweight release of a new intelligent digital platform-Valia Fashion.The launch of this platform is not only an important milestone for Lectra to promote intelligent upgrading in the industry,but also marks a new era of fashion manufacturing centered on data-driven,collaborative efficiency,and sustainable development.
