To solve problems of poor security guarantee and insufficient training efficiency in the conventional reinforcement learning methods for decision-making,this study proposes a hybrid framework to combine deep reinforce...To solve problems of poor security guarantee and insufficient training efficiency in the conventional reinforcement learning methods for decision-making,this study proposes a hybrid framework to combine deep reinforcement learning with rule-based decision-making methods.A risk assessment model for lane-change maneuvers considering uncertain predictions of surrounding vehicles is established as a safety filter to improve learning efficiency while correcting dangerous actions for safety enhancement.On this basis,a Risk-fused DDQN is constructed utilizing the model-based risk assessment and supervision mechanism.The proposed reinforcement learning algorithm sets up a separate experience buffer for dangerous trials and punishes such actions,which is shown to improve the sampling efficiency and training outcomes.Compared with conventional DDQN methods,the proposed algorithm improves the convergence value of cumulated reward by 7.6%and 2.2%in the two constructed scenarios in the simulation study and reduces the number of training episodes by 52.2%and 66.8%respectively.The success rate of lane change is improved by 57.3%while the time headway is increased at least by 16.5%in real vehicle tests,which confirms the higher training efficiency,scenario adaptability,and security of the proposed Risk-fused DDQN.展开更多
Security is an important component in the process of developing healthcare web applications.We need to ensure security maintenance;therefore the analysis of healthcare web application’s security risk is of utmost imp...Security is an important component in the process of developing healthcare web applications.We need to ensure security maintenance;therefore the analysis of healthcare web application’s security risk is of utmost importance.Properties must be considered to minimise the security risk.Additionally,security risk management activities are revised,prepared,implemented,tracked,and regularly set up efficiently to design the security of healthcare web applications.Managing the security risk of a healthcare web application must be considered as the key component.Security is,in specific,seen as an add-on during the development process of healthcare web applications,but not as the key problem.Researchers must ensure that security is taken into account right from the earlier developmental stages of the healthcare web application.In this row,the authors of this study have used the hesitant fuzzy-based AHP-TOPSIS technique to estimate the risks of various healthcare web applications for improving security-durability.This approach would help to design and incorporate security features in healthcare web applications that would be able to battle threats on their own,and not depend solely on the external security of healthcare web applications.Furthermore,in terms of healthcare web application’s security-durability,the security risk variable is measured,and vice versa.Hence,the findings of our study will also be useful in improving the durability of several web applications in healthcare.展开更多
Stroke is a chronic cerebrovascular disease that carries a high risk.Stroke risk assessment is of great significance in preventing,reversing and reducing the spread and the health hazards caused by stroke.Aiming to ob...Stroke is a chronic cerebrovascular disease that carries a high risk.Stroke risk assessment is of great significance in preventing,reversing and reducing the spread and the health hazards caused by stroke.Aiming to objectively predict and identify strokes,this paper proposes a new stroke risk assessment decision-making model named Logistic-AdaBoost(Logistic-AB)based on machine learning.First,the categorical boosting(CatBoost)method is used to perform feature selection for all features of stroke,and 8 main features are selected to form a new index evaluation system to predict the risk of stroke.Second,the borderline synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)algorithm is applied to transform the unbalanced stroke dataset into a balanced dataset.Finally,the stroke risk assessment decision-makingmodel Logistic-AB is constructed,and the overall prediction performance of this new model is evaluated by comparing it with ten other similar models.The comparison results show that the new model proposed in this paper performs better than the two single algorithms(logistic regression and AdaBoost)on the four indicators of recall,precision,F1 score,and accuracy,and the overall performance of the proposed model is better than that of common machine learning algorithms.The Logistic-AB model presented in this paper can more accurately predict patients’stroke risk.展开更多
The characteristics of the financing model are firstly analyzed when the e-commerce enterprises participate in the supply chain finance. Internet supply chain finance models are divided into three categories with the ...The characteristics of the financing model are firstly analyzed when the e-commerce enterprises participate in the supply chain finance. Internet supply chain finance models are divided into three categories with the standard of whether the electronic commerce enterprises provide funds for small and medium enterprises instead of banks. And then we further study the financing process and the functions of the e-commerce platform with specific examples. Finally, combined with the characteristics of the supply chain finance model, we set up a small and medium enterprises credit evaluation model based on the principle of variable weight with its dynamic data. At the same time, a multi-time points and multi-indicators decision-making method based on the principle of variable weight is proposed and a specific example is presented. In this paper, the multi-criteria decision-making model with the principle of variable weight has been used two times. At last, a typical case has been analyzed based on this model with a higher accuracy rate of credit risk assessment.展开更多
The characteristics of the financing model are firstly analyzed when the e-commerce enterprises participate in the supply chain finance. Internet supply chain finance models are divided into three categories with the ...The characteristics of the financing model are firstly analyzed when the e-commerce enterprises participate in the supply chain finance. Internet supply chain finance models are divided into three categories with the standard of whether the Electronic commerce enterprises provide funds for small and medium enterprises instead of banks. And then we further study the financing process and the functions of the e-commerce platform with specific examples. Finally, combined with the characteristics of the supply chain finance model, we set up a small and medium enterprises credit evaluation model based on the principle of variable weight with its dynamic data. At the same time, a multi time points and multi indicators decision-making method based on the principle of variable weight is proposed and a specific example is presented. In this paper, the Multi-criteria decision-making model with the principle of variable weight has been used two times. At last, a typical case has been analyzed based on this model with a higher accuracy rate of credit risk assessment.展开更多
The multiobjective group decision-making problem under risk is common in reality. This paper focuses on the study about risky multiobjective group decision-making problem where the index value is not certain. We give ...The multiobjective group decision-making problem under risk is common in reality. This paper focuses on the study about risky multiobjective group decision-making problem where the index value is not certain. We give indexes classifying method and index normalizing formula of this type problem. By building objective function that minimizes general weighted distance from every alternative to the relatively best and worst alternative, the optimal membership degree of every decision-maker to every alternative can be obtained, and by building another objective function that minimizes general weighted distance from the optimal membership degree of every decision-maker to every alternative to the group optimal alternative and the group inferior alternative, the optimal membership degree of every decision-maker to every alternative can be obtained, which are both based on probability theory and fuzzy theory. Aftermost a model is established which collects group preferences. This method provides a new idea and approach for solving multiobjective decision-making problem among uncertain system, which is applicable for practical problem. Finally a case study shows a satisfactory result.展开更多
The randomness and uncertainty of renewable energy generation are expected to significantly change the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.Therefore,it is beneficial to optimize the...The randomness and uncertainty of renewable energy generation are expected to significantly change the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.Therefore,it is beneficial to optimize the interests of each of these subjects,considering the unpredictable risks of renewable energy under the renewable portfolio standards(RPS)and researching their effects on the optimal decision-making of transprovincial electricity market multi-subjects.First,we develop a trans-provincial trading market mechanism for renewable energy and clarify the electricity supply and demand relation and the green certificates supply and demand relation of trans-provincial electricitymarketmulti-subjects.Then,under the RPS,we construct a multi-subject game model of the power supply chain that recognizes the risks,and adopt the reverse induction method to discuss the optimum risk-taking judgment of each subject in the trans-provincial electricity market.Finally,we useMATLAB to verify the viability and efficacy of the proposed gamemodel,and obtain a certain reference value for the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.In summary,we consider the uncertainty risks of renewable energy under RPS,study the effects of the green certificate price and risk aversion coefficient in the RPS mechanism on the optimal decisionmaking of trans-provincial electricity market subjects,and obtain the changing trends of two different power products and those of different electricity market subjects under the influence of the green certificate price and risk aversion coefficient,which have a certain reference value for studying the factors affecting the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.展开更多
To address the critical challenge of risk perception and assessment for autonomous vehicles in dynamic interactive envi-ronments,this study proposes a semi-supervised spatiotemporal interaction risk cognition network ...To address the critical challenge of risk perception and assessment for autonomous vehicles in dynamic interactive envi-ronments,this study proposes a semi-supervised spatiotemporal interaction risk cognition network with attention mecha-nism(SS-SIRCN),inspired by the behavioral adaptation patterns of biological groups under external threats.First,by thoroughly analyzing the dynamic interaction characteristics exhibited by typical biological collectives when exposed to risk,the study reveals the underlying patterns of trajectory changes influenced by external danger.Then,an attention-based spatiotemporal risk cognition network is designed to establish a mapping between driving behavior features and potential driving risks.Finally,a semi-supervised learning framework is employed to enable risk assessment for autono-mous vehicles using only a small amount of labeled data.Experimental results on real-world vehicle trajectory datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a risk prediction accuracy of 90.76%,outperforming other baseline models in performance.展开更多
To improve the safety and driving stability of the autonomous heavy truck, it is necessary to consider the differences of driving behavior and drivable trajectories between the heavy trucks and passenger cars. This st...To improve the safety and driving stability of the autonomous heavy truck, it is necessary to consider the differences of driving behavior and drivable trajectories between the heavy trucks and passenger cars. This study proposes a probabilistic decision-making and trajectory planning framework for the autonomous heavy trucks. Firstly, the driving decision process is divided into intention generation and feasibility evaluations, which are realized using the utility theory and risk assessment, respectively. Subsequently the driving decision is made and sent to the trajectory planning module. In order to reflect the greater risks of the truck to other surrounding vehicles, the aggressiveness index(AI) is proposed and quantified to infer the asymmetrical risk level of lane-change maneuver. In the planning stage, the lateral and roll dynamics stability domains are developed as the constraints to exclude the candidate trajectories that would cause vehicle instability. Finally, the simulation results are compared between the proposed model and the artificial potential filed model in the scenarios extracted from the naturalistic driving data. It is shown that the proposed framework can provide the human-like lane-change decisions and truck-friendly trajectories, and performs well in dynamic driving environments.展开更多
BACKGROUND The participation of caregivers,who play a crucial role in the recovery of patients with gastrointestinal tumors,in family nutrition support decisions can help tailor nutrition plans to meet the specific ne...BACKGROUND The participation of caregivers,who play a crucial role in the recovery of patients with gastrointestinal tumors,in family nutrition support decisions can help tailor nutrition plans to meet the specific needs and lifestyle habits of the patient,thereby enhancing the effectiveness of nutritional intake.AIM To assess the impact of caregiver-shared decision-making in family nutritional support with mindfulness-based behavioral therapy on the risk of malnutrition and mood states in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.METHODS Patients with gastrointestinal tumors(n=118)treated at the Jiangnan University Affiliated Hospital between December 2021 and March 2024 were assigned to the observation(n=59)and control(n=59)groups using the random number table method.In addition to the standard treatment and basic nursing measures im-plemented in the control group,the integrated approach was implemented in the observation group.The nutritional and mood state indicators,compliance,and satisfaction before and 6 months after implementing the intervention were com-pared between the groups.RESULTS The body mass index,serum albumin levels,and transferrin levels,as well as the scores for all seven dimensions of the Profile of Mood States questionnaire,in the observation were higher than those in the control group after the 6-month follow-up period(P<0.05).However,the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale scores were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The compliance and satisfaction rates were 94.92%and 98.31%,respectively,which were higher than those of the control group(79.66%and 88.14%,respectively;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The implementation of the integrated approach significantly reduced the risk of malnutrition and improved mood states in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.Moreover,the compliance and satisfaction rates were higher.展开更多
Renewable energy sources,including wind,solar,and biofuels,are essential for promoting sustainable economic development and mitigating environmental challenges.As China’s overseas investments in renewable energy expa...Renewable energy sources,including wind,solar,and biofuels,are essential for promoting sustainable economic development and mitigating environmental challenges.As China’s overseas investments in renewable energy expand,effective risk assessment and management have become critical.This study develops a comprehensive risk evaluation framework for China’s overseas renewable energy investments using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP).The framework incorporates political,economic,and project-specific risks,organized through three primary criteria,nine sub-criteria,and thirty tertiary indicators.By integrating expert judgments with fuzzy set theory,the FAHP methodology assigns accurate weights to risk factors and ensures consistency in evaluation.The findings identify political risks as the most significant,emphasizing their influence on investment strategies.These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers and investors to enhance risk management strategies and ensure the sustainability of China’s renewable energy initiatives abroad.展开更多
Attention determines what kind of option information is processed during risky choices owing to the limitation of visual attention.This paper reviews research on the relationship between higher-complexity risky decisi...Attention determines what kind of option information is processed during risky choices owing to the limitation of visual attention.This paper reviews research on the relationship between higher-complexity risky decision-making and attention as illustrated by eye-tracking to explain the process of risky decision-making by the effect of attention.We demonstrate this process from three stages:the pre-phase guidance of options on attention,the process of attention being biased,and the impact of attention on final risk preference.We conclude that exogenous information can capture attention directly to salient options,thereby altering evidence accumulation.In particular,for multi-attribute risky decision-making,attentional advantages increase the weight of specific attributes,thus biasing risk preference in different directions.We highlight the significance of understanding how people use available information to weigh risks from an information-processing perspective via process data.展开更多
Maritime collision accidents occur frequently and result in severe consequences,constituting approximately 60%of maritime incidents.Human error accounts for 75%−96%of these collisions,emphasizing the necessity for int...Maritime collision accidents occur frequently and result in severe consequences,constituting approximately 60%of maritime incidents.Human error accounts for 75%−96%of these collisions,emphasizing the necessity for intelligent decision-making systems.This study proposes a fuzzy inference system for multi-ship collision avoidance decisionmaking based on dynamic collision risk assessment incorporating multiple ship interactions.The proposed method enhances collision avoidance through two primary innovations:a finite state mechanism for dynamic multi-ship interaction analysis and game-theoretic collision-avoidance strategies that integrate real-time behavioural responses with Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea(COLREGs)compliance.The IFTHEN rule incorporates action strategies,ship behaviour,and navigation rules,with collision avoidance decisions derived through the fuzzy inference system.This framework uniquely addresses collision risk evaluation by integrating dynamic risk assessment and ship interaction strategies,enabling proactive adjustments that maintain safety margins while adhering to maritime regulations.Simulation experiments assess multi-ship collision-avoidance maneuvers under various interaction scenarios,demonstrating the model’s ability to execute timely adjustments and effectively mitigate collision risks among multiple target vessels,thereby ensuring minimal exposure during encounters.展开更多
Manned aerial vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicle(MAV-UAV)combat organization is a MAV-UAV combat collective formed from the perspective of organization design theory and methodology,and the generation of force formation ...Manned aerial vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicle(MAV-UAV)combat organization is a MAV-UAV combat collective formed from the perspective of organization design theory and methodology,and the generation of force formation plan is a key step in the organizational planning.Based on the description of the problem and the definition of organizational elements,the matching model of platform-target attack wave is constructed to minimize the redundancy of command and decision-making capability,resource capability and the number of platforms used.Based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅢ(NSGA-Ⅲ)framework,which includes encoding/decoding method and constraint handling method,the generation model of organizational force formation plan is solved,and the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm are verified by simulation experiments.展开更多
Flood is one of the major challenges facing human societies.Adapting to future flood risks involves deep uncertainty,especially when long-term projections of climate change are considered.This study proposed a Two-sta...Flood is one of the major challenges facing human societies.Adapting to future flood risks involves deep uncertainty,especially when long-term projections of climate change are considered.This study proposed a Two-stage Robust Decision Making(2S-RDM)framework to help devise flexible and robust strategies capable of addressing the inherent deep uncertainty associated with managing flood risks.Taking the Yangtze River Basin in China as a case study,we simulated flood risks across∼0.6 million scenarios until 2050.This analysis considered four types of uncertain factors,i.e.,future climate change,socio-economic growth,industrial structure transformation,and population aging.We then examined the effectiveness of four adaptation measures and their combinations,i.e.building elevation,tunnel construction,people relocation,and river basin conservation.Our projections show that without immediate adaptation,an estimated 0.9 to 27.3 million people will be impacted by floods until 2050,accompanied with$33.8 to$198.5 billion economic losses in the entire basin.When defining the goal as limiting the affected population<0.05%and ensuring economic losses<0.02%,we identified 24 global robust strategies capable of meeting this criterion in>80%of scenarios.Then,we compared the 24 global robust strategies regarding their relative costs and performances in each of the future scenario pools.The final recommended solutions are hybrid strategies that integrate engineering-based measures with‘soft’adaptation options(e.g.Elevation++,Tunnel++,and Relocation).This study provides tools to design flood adaptation strategies not only robust across diverse scenarios but also flexible for decision-makers to customize and refine their strategies based on specific needs.展开更多
A comprehensive project evaluation and decision-making method considering multiple objectives,stakeholders,and attributes of proposed traffic treatments is inherently complicated.Although individual techniques in eval...A comprehensive project evaluation and decision-making method considering multiple objectives,stakeholders,and attributes of proposed traffic treatments is inherently complicated.Although individual techniques in evaluating operations,safety,economic,and stakeholder objectives are available,a practical method that integrates all these risk factors and their uncertainties into a multiattribute decision-making tool is absent.A three-level project decision-making process was developed to model and assess multiple-attribute risk in a proposed traffic treatment from the perspective of multiple stakeholders.The direct benefits from reducing delay and safety risk(basic objectives of traffic treatments) are computed in Level 1 with established methods.Feasibility and performance analysis in Level 2 examine site-specific constraints and conduct detailed performance analysis using advanced analysis tools.In Level 3,this paper introduces an innovative and integrated multiple attributes evaluation process under fuzziness and uncertainty(MAFU) process for evaluation and decision-making.The MAFU is a comprehensive and systematic assessment and decision-making procedure that can assess the magnitudes of project performance and to integrate conflicting interests and tradeoffs among stakeholders.A case study illustrates theapplication of MAFU for the selection of a traffic alternative involving several evaluation attributes and stakeholders.Results show that the MAFU produced the smallest variance for each alternative.With traditional cost–benefit evaluation methods,the uncertainty associated with performance of a traffic project in terms of operation,safety,environmental impacts,etc.,is unrestricted and cumulative.Therefore,a reliable multi-attribute evaluation of complex traffic projects should not be made with conventional cost–benefit analysis alone but with a process like MAFU.展开更多
The advanced technological need,exacerbated by the flexible time constraints,leads to several more design level unexplored vulnerabilities.Security is an extremely vital component in software development;we must take ...The advanced technological need,exacerbated by the flexible time constraints,leads to several more design level unexplored vulnerabilities.Security is an extremely vital component in software development;we must take charge of security and therefore analysis of software security risk assumes utmost significance.In order to handle the cyber-security risk of the web application and protect individuals,information and properties effectively,one must consider what needs to be secured,what are the perceived threats and the protection of assets.Security preparation plans,implements,tracks,updates and consistently develops safety risk management activities.Risk management must be interpreted as the major component for tackling security efficiently.In particular,during application development,security is considered as an add-on but not the main issue.It is important for the researchers to stress on the consideration of protection right from the earlier developmental stages of the software.This approach will help in designing software which can itself combat threats and does not depend on external security programs.Therefore,it is essential to evaluate the impact of security risks during software design.In this paper the researchers have used the hybrid Fuzzy AHPTOPSIS method to evaluate the risks for improving security durability of different Institutional Web Applications.In addition,the e-component of security risk is measured on software durability,and vice versa.The paper’s findings will prove to be valuable for enhancing the security durability of different web applications.展开更多
Bridges serve as essential parts of transportation infrastructure,facilitating the movement of people and goods across rivers,valleys,and other obstacles.However,they are also susceptible to a wide range of natural ha...Bridges serve as essential parts of transportation infrastructure,facilitating the movement of people and goods across rivers,valleys,and other obstacles.However,they are also susceptible to a wide range of natural hazards,including floods,earthquakes,and landslides,which can damage or even collapse these structures,leading to severe economic and human losses.A risk index has been developed to address this issue,which quantifies the likelihood and severity of natural hazards occurring in a specific location.The application of risk indices for natural hazards in bridge management involves a data collection process and mathematical modelling.The data collection process gathers information on bridges’location,condition,and vulnerability,while mathematical modelling uses the data to assess the risk of natural hazards.Overall,risk indices provide a quantitative measure of the vulnerability of bridges to natural hazards and help to prioritize maintenance and repair activities.Mitigation measures are then evaluated and implemented based on the risk assessment results.By using this tool,the UBMS research group has developed an algorithm for risk assessment which will be essential in the decision-making process,specifically focused on enhancing Fund Optimization,Deterioration Modelling,and Risk Analysis.These developments effectively fulfill the primary objectives associated with addressing and mitigating hazards.This development also helps bridge managers understand the potential threats posed by natural hazards and allocate resources more efficiently to ensure the safety and longevity of critical transportation infrastructure.展开更多
When foraging,internal needs for particular nutrients might affect food choice,and external constraints,such as predation risk,might impact trade-offs between foraging and risk avoidance.Examining both internal and ex...When foraging,internal needs for particular nutrients might affect food choice,and external constraints,such as predation risk,might impact trade-offs between foraging and risk avoidance.Examining both internal and external constraints simultaneously can provide important insights into how animals make decisions.We examined how internal nutritional needs and external cues of mortality risk jointly impact the foraging behavior of ants.Ant colonies require carbohydrates to support workers energetically and proteins to raise brood.Furthermore,colonies adjust their foraging activity in response to the environment,such as food availability and the presence of predators or heterospecifics.Here we exam-ine the foraging decisions of groups of Argentine ants Linepithema humile,which differ in their nutritional needs in high-risk environments.We starved groups of ants for either proteins or carbohydrates and determined the foraging choices that ants made when cues of heterospecifics were present.We found that ants preferentially forage for carbohydrates in high-risk conditions.Furthermore,starvation for carbohydrates increased the ants'preference for carbohydrates,even when cues of heterospecifics were present at both carbohydrates and protein resources.Starvation for protein also resulted in preferential foraging for carbohydrates,but it increased visitation to a protein food source in high-risk envi-ronments compared to when ants were starved for carbohydrates or for both resources.Examining the effect of both nutrition and mortality risk on foraging simultaneously provides insights about state-dependent risk-taking behavior that may have important implications for predicting theinvasionofspecies intonovelhabitats.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0117100)National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52102468,52325212)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘To solve problems of poor security guarantee and insufficient training efficiency in the conventional reinforcement learning methods for decision-making,this study proposes a hybrid framework to combine deep reinforcement learning with rule-based decision-making methods.A risk assessment model for lane-change maneuvers considering uncertain predictions of surrounding vehicles is established as a safety filter to improve learning efficiency while correcting dangerous actions for safety enhancement.On this basis,a Risk-fused DDQN is constructed utilizing the model-based risk assessment and supervision mechanism.The proposed reinforcement learning algorithm sets up a separate experience buffer for dangerous trials and punishes such actions,which is shown to improve the sampling efficiency and training outcomes.Compared with conventional DDQN methods,the proposed algorithm improves the convergence value of cumulated reward by 7.6%and 2.2%in the two constructed scenarios in the simulation study and reduces the number of training episodes by 52.2%and 66.8%respectively.The success rate of lane change is improved by 57.3%while the time headway is increased at least by 16.5%in real vehicle tests,which confirms the higher training efficiency,scenario adaptability,and security of the proposed Risk-fused DDQN.
基金Funding for this study was received from the Ministry of Education and Deanship of Scientific Research at King Abdulaziz University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under Grant No.IFPHI-286-611-2020.
文摘Security is an important component in the process of developing healthcare web applications.We need to ensure security maintenance;therefore the analysis of healthcare web application’s security risk is of utmost importance.Properties must be considered to minimise the security risk.Additionally,security risk management activities are revised,prepared,implemented,tracked,and regularly set up efficiently to design the security of healthcare web applications.Managing the security risk of a healthcare web application must be considered as the key component.Security is,in specific,seen as an add-on during the development process of healthcare web applications,but not as the key problem.Researchers must ensure that security is taken into account right from the earlier developmental stages of the healthcare web application.In this row,the authors of this study have used the hesitant fuzzy-based AHP-TOPSIS technique to estimate the risks of various healthcare web applications for improving security-durability.This approach would help to design and incorporate security features in healthcare web applications that would be able to battle threats on their own,and not depend solely on the external security of healthcare web applications.Furthermore,in terms of healthcare web application’s security-durability,the security risk variable is measured,and vice versa.Hence,the findings of our study will also be useful in improving the durability of several web applications in healthcare.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.72071150).
文摘Stroke is a chronic cerebrovascular disease that carries a high risk.Stroke risk assessment is of great significance in preventing,reversing and reducing the spread and the health hazards caused by stroke.Aiming to objectively predict and identify strokes,this paper proposes a new stroke risk assessment decision-making model named Logistic-AdaBoost(Logistic-AB)based on machine learning.First,the categorical boosting(CatBoost)method is used to perform feature selection for all features of stroke,and 8 main features are selected to form a new index evaluation system to predict the risk of stroke.Second,the borderline synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)algorithm is applied to transform the unbalanced stroke dataset into a balanced dataset.Finally,the stroke risk assessment decision-makingmodel Logistic-AB is constructed,and the overall prediction performance of this new model is evaluated by comparing it with ten other similar models.The comparison results show that the new model proposed in this paper performs better than the two single algorithms(logistic regression and AdaBoost)on the four indicators of recall,precision,F1 score,and accuracy,and the overall performance of the proposed model is better than that of common machine learning algorithms.The Logistic-AB model presented in this paper can more accurately predict patients’stroke risk.
文摘The characteristics of the financing model are firstly analyzed when the e-commerce enterprises participate in the supply chain finance. Internet supply chain finance models are divided into three categories with the standard of whether the electronic commerce enterprises provide funds for small and medium enterprises instead of banks. And then we further study the financing process and the functions of the e-commerce platform with specific examples. Finally, combined with the characteristics of the supply chain finance model, we set up a small and medium enterprises credit evaluation model based on the principle of variable weight with its dynamic data. At the same time, a multi-time points and multi-indicators decision-making method based on the principle of variable weight is proposed and a specific example is presented. In this paper, the multi-criteria decision-making model with the principle of variable weight has been used two times. At last, a typical case has been analyzed based on this model with a higher accuracy rate of credit risk assessment.
文摘The characteristics of the financing model are firstly analyzed when the e-commerce enterprises participate in the supply chain finance. Internet supply chain finance models are divided into three categories with the standard of whether the Electronic commerce enterprises provide funds for small and medium enterprises instead of banks. And then we further study the financing process and the functions of the e-commerce platform with specific examples. Finally, combined with the characteristics of the supply chain finance model, we set up a small and medium enterprises credit evaluation model based on the principle of variable weight with its dynamic data. At the same time, a multi time points and multi indicators decision-making method based on the principle of variable weight is proposed and a specific example is presented. In this paper, the Multi-criteria decision-making model with the principle of variable weight has been used two times. At last, a typical case has been analyzed based on this model with a higher accuracy rate of credit risk assessment.
文摘The multiobjective group decision-making problem under risk is common in reality. This paper focuses on the study about risky multiobjective group decision-making problem where the index value is not certain. We give indexes classifying method and index normalizing formula of this type problem. By building objective function that minimizes general weighted distance from every alternative to the relatively best and worst alternative, the optimal membership degree of every decision-maker to every alternative can be obtained, and by building another objective function that minimizes general weighted distance from the optimal membership degree of every decision-maker to every alternative to the group optimal alternative and the group inferior alternative, the optimal membership degree of every decision-maker to every alternative can be obtained, which are both based on probability theory and fuzzy theory. Aftermost a model is established which collects group preferences. This method provides a new idea and approach for solving multiobjective decision-making problem among uncertain system, which is applicable for practical problem. Finally a case study shows a satisfactory result.
基金This work was supported by Project of Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(Grant No.2020BGL011).
文摘The randomness and uncertainty of renewable energy generation are expected to significantly change the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.Therefore,it is beneficial to optimize the interests of each of these subjects,considering the unpredictable risks of renewable energy under the renewable portfolio standards(RPS)and researching their effects on the optimal decision-making of transprovincial electricity market multi-subjects.First,we develop a trans-provincial trading market mechanism for renewable energy and clarify the electricity supply and demand relation and the green certificates supply and demand relation of trans-provincial electricitymarketmulti-subjects.Then,under the RPS,we construct a multi-subject game model of the power supply chain that recognizes the risks,and adopt the reverse induction method to discuss the optimum risk-taking judgment of each subject in the trans-provincial electricity market.Finally,we useMATLAB to verify the viability and efficacy of the proposed gamemodel,and obtain a certain reference value for the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.In summary,we consider the uncertainty risks of renewable energy under RPS,study the effects of the green certificate price and risk aversion coefficient in the RPS mechanism on the optimal decisionmaking of trans-provincial electricity market subjects,and obtain the changing trends of two different power products and those of different electricity market subjects under the influence of the green certificate price and risk aversion coefficient,which have a certain reference value for studying the factors affecting the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.
基金the Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology Youth Science and Technology Talent Cultivation Project(20250602051RC)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2025-JCXK-19)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52272417.
文摘To address the critical challenge of risk perception and assessment for autonomous vehicles in dynamic interactive envi-ronments,this study proposes a semi-supervised spatiotemporal interaction risk cognition network with attention mecha-nism(SS-SIRCN),inspired by the behavioral adaptation patterns of biological groups under external threats.First,by thoroughly analyzing the dynamic interaction characteristics exhibited by typical biological collectives when exposed to risk,the study reveals the underlying patterns of trajectory changes influenced by external danger.Then,an attention-based spatiotemporal risk cognition network is designed to establish a mapping between driving behavior features and potential driving risks.Finally,a semi-supervised learning framework is employed to enable risk assessment for autono-mous vehicles using only a small amount of labeled data.Experimental results on real-world vehicle trajectory datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a risk prediction accuracy of 90.76%,outperforming other baseline models in performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5187051675)。
文摘To improve the safety and driving stability of the autonomous heavy truck, it is necessary to consider the differences of driving behavior and drivable trajectories between the heavy trucks and passenger cars. This study proposes a probabilistic decision-making and trajectory planning framework for the autonomous heavy trucks. Firstly, the driving decision process is divided into intention generation and feasibility evaluations, which are realized using the utility theory and risk assessment, respectively. Subsequently the driving decision is made and sent to the trajectory planning module. In order to reflect the greater risks of the truck to other surrounding vehicles, the aggressiveness index(AI) is proposed and quantified to infer the asymmetrical risk level of lane-change maneuver. In the planning stage, the lateral and roll dynamics stability domains are developed as the constraints to exclude the candidate trajectories that would cause vehicle instability. Finally, the simulation results are compared between the proposed model and the artificial potential filed model in the scenarios extracted from the naturalistic driving data. It is shown that the proposed framework can provide the human-like lane-change decisions and truck-friendly trajectories, and performs well in dynamic driving environments.
文摘BACKGROUND The participation of caregivers,who play a crucial role in the recovery of patients with gastrointestinal tumors,in family nutrition support decisions can help tailor nutrition plans to meet the specific needs and lifestyle habits of the patient,thereby enhancing the effectiveness of nutritional intake.AIM To assess the impact of caregiver-shared decision-making in family nutritional support with mindfulness-based behavioral therapy on the risk of malnutrition and mood states in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.METHODS Patients with gastrointestinal tumors(n=118)treated at the Jiangnan University Affiliated Hospital between December 2021 and March 2024 were assigned to the observation(n=59)and control(n=59)groups using the random number table method.In addition to the standard treatment and basic nursing measures im-plemented in the control group,the integrated approach was implemented in the observation group.The nutritional and mood state indicators,compliance,and satisfaction before and 6 months after implementing the intervention were com-pared between the groups.RESULTS The body mass index,serum albumin levels,and transferrin levels,as well as the scores for all seven dimensions of the Profile of Mood States questionnaire,in the observation were higher than those in the control group after the 6-month follow-up period(P<0.05).However,the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale scores were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The compliance and satisfaction rates were 94.92%and 98.31%,respectively,which were higher than those of the control group(79.66%and 88.14%,respectively;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The implementation of the integrated approach significantly reduced the risk of malnutrition and improved mood states in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.Moreover,the compliance and satisfaction rates were higher.
基金supported by the project VSB-TU Ostrava,SP2024/045.
文摘Renewable energy sources,including wind,solar,and biofuels,are essential for promoting sustainable economic development and mitigating environmental challenges.As China’s overseas investments in renewable energy expand,effective risk assessment and management have become critical.This study develops a comprehensive risk evaluation framework for China’s overseas renewable energy investments using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(FAHP).The framework incorporates political,economic,and project-specific risks,organized through three primary criteria,nine sub-criteria,and thirty tertiary indicators.By integrating expert judgments with fuzzy set theory,the FAHP methodology assigns accurate weights to risk factors and ensures consistency in evaluation.The findings identify political risks as the most significant,emphasizing their influence on investment strategies.These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers and investors to enhance risk management strategies and ensure the sustainability of China’s renewable energy initiatives abroad.
基金Natural Science Basic Scientific Research Project of Educational Department of Liaoning Province of China,Grant/Award Number:LJKQZ2021091。
文摘Attention determines what kind of option information is processed during risky choices owing to the limitation of visual attention.This paper reviews research on the relationship between higher-complexity risky decision-making and attention as illustrated by eye-tracking to explain the process of risky decision-making by the effect of attention.We demonstrate this process from three stages:the pre-phase guidance of options on attention,the process of attention being biased,and the impact of attention on final risk preference.We conclude that exogenous information can capture attention directly to salient options,thereby altering evidence accumulation.In particular,for multi-attribute risky decision-making,attentional advantages increase the weight of specific attributes,thus biasing risk preference in different directions.We highlight the significance of understanding how people use available information to weigh risks from an information-processing perspective via process data.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4301802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272422)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Department Program of Hubei Province of China(Grant No.2024CSA093)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Project No.GRF PolyU 15214221).
文摘Maritime collision accidents occur frequently and result in severe consequences,constituting approximately 60%of maritime incidents.Human error accounts for 75%−96%of these collisions,emphasizing the necessity for intelligent decision-making systems.This study proposes a fuzzy inference system for multi-ship collision avoidance decisionmaking based on dynamic collision risk assessment incorporating multiple ship interactions.The proposed method enhances collision avoidance through two primary innovations:a finite state mechanism for dynamic multi-ship interaction analysis and game-theoretic collision-avoidance strategies that integrate real-time behavioural responses with Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea(COLREGs)compliance.The IFTHEN rule incorporates action strategies,ship behaviour,and navigation rules,with collision avoidance decisions derived through the fuzzy inference system.This framework uniquely addresses collision risk evaluation by integrating dynamic risk assessment and ship interaction strategies,enabling proactive adjustments that maintain safety margins while adhering to maritime regulations.Simulation experiments assess multi-ship collision-avoidance maneuvers under various interaction scenarios,demonstrating the model’s ability to execute timely adjustments and effectively mitigate collision risks among multiple target vessels,thereby ensuring minimal exposure during encounters.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-QN-0728)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693942)。
文摘Manned aerial vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicle(MAV-UAV)combat organization is a MAV-UAV combat collective formed from the perspective of organization design theory and methodology,and the generation of force formation plan is a key step in the organizational planning.Based on the description of the problem and the definition of organizational elements,the matching model of platform-target attack wave is constructed to minimize the redundancy of command and decision-making capability,resource capability and the number of platforms used.Based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅢ(NSGA-Ⅲ)framework,which includes encoding/decoding method and constraint handling method,the generation model of organizational force formation plan is solved,and the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm are verified by simulation experiments.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(72304136,71921003,72234003,72222012)National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20230159)Jiangsu R&D Special Fund for Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(BK20220014).
文摘Flood is one of the major challenges facing human societies.Adapting to future flood risks involves deep uncertainty,especially when long-term projections of climate change are considered.This study proposed a Two-stage Robust Decision Making(2S-RDM)framework to help devise flexible and robust strategies capable of addressing the inherent deep uncertainty associated with managing flood risks.Taking the Yangtze River Basin in China as a case study,we simulated flood risks across∼0.6 million scenarios until 2050.This analysis considered four types of uncertain factors,i.e.,future climate change,socio-economic growth,industrial structure transformation,and population aging.We then examined the effectiveness of four adaptation measures and their combinations,i.e.building elevation,tunnel construction,people relocation,and river basin conservation.Our projections show that without immediate adaptation,an estimated 0.9 to 27.3 million people will be impacted by floods until 2050,accompanied with$33.8 to$198.5 billion economic losses in the entire basin.When defining the goal as limiting the affected population<0.05%and ensuring economic losses<0.02%,we identified 24 global robust strategies capable of meeting this criterion in>80%of scenarios.Then,we compared the 24 global robust strategies regarding their relative costs and performances in each of the future scenario pools.The final recommended solutions are hybrid strategies that integrate engineering-based measures with‘soft’adaptation options(e.g.Elevation++,Tunnel++,and Relocation).This study provides tools to design flood adaptation strategies not only robust across diverse scenarios but also flexible for decision-makers to customize and refine their strategies based on specific needs.
文摘A comprehensive project evaluation and decision-making method considering multiple objectives,stakeholders,and attributes of proposed traffic treatments is inherently complicated.Although individual techniques in evaluating operations,safety,economic,and stakeholder objectives are available,a practical method that integrates all these risk factors and their uncertainties into a multiattribute decision-making tool is absent.A three-level project decision-making process was developed to model and assess multiple-attribute risk in a proposed traffic treatment from the perspective of multiple stakeholders.The direct benefits from reducing delay and safety risk(basic objectives of traffic treatments) are computed in Level 1 with established methods.Feasibility and performance analysis in Level 2 examine site-specific constraints and conduct detailed performance analysis using advanced analysis tools.In Level 3,this paper introduces an innovative and integrated multiple attributes evaluation process under fuzziness and uncertainty(MAFU) process for evaluation and decision-making.The MAFU is a comprehensive and systematic assessment and decision-making procedure that can assess the magnitudes of project performance and to integrate conflicting interests and tradeoffs among stakeholders.A case study illustrates theapplication of MAFU for the selection of a traffic alternative involving several evaluation attributes and stakeholders.Results show that the MAFU produced the smallest variance for each alternative.With traditional cost–benefit evaluation methods,the uncertainty associated with performance of a traffic project in terms of operation,safety,environmental impacts,etc.,is unrestricted and cumulative.Therefore,a reliable multi-attribute evaluation of complex traffic projects should not be made with conventional cost–benefit analysis alone but with a process like MAFU.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,under grant No.G-323-611-1441.
文摘The advanced technological need,exacerbated by the flexible time constraints,leads to several more design level unexplored vulnerabilities.Security is an extremely vital component in software development;we must take charge of security and therefore analysis of software security risk assumes utmost significance.In order to handle the cyber-security risk of the web application and protect individuals,information and properties effectively,one must consider what needs to be secured,what are the perceived threats and the protection of assets.Security preparation plans,implements,tracks,updates and consistently develops safety risk management activities.Risk management must be interpreted as the major component for tackling security efficiently.In particular,during application development,security is considered as an add-on but not the main issue.It is important for the researchers to stress on the consideration of protection right from the earlier developmental stages of the software.This approach will help in designing software which can itself combat threats and does not depend on external security programs.Therefore,it is essential to evaluate the impact of security risks during software design.In this paper the researchers have used the hybrid Fuzzy AHPTOPSIS method to evaluate the risks for improving security durability of different Institutional Web Applications.In addition,the e-component of security risk is measured on software durability,and vice versa.The paper’s findings will prove to be valuable for enhancing the security durability of different web applications.
文摘Bridges serve as essential parts of transportation infrastructure,facilitating the movement of people and goods across rivers,valleys,and other obstacles.However,they are also susceptible to a wide range of natural hazards,including floods,earthquakes,and landslides,which can damage or even collapse these structures,leading to severe economic and human losses.A risk index has been developed to address this issue,which quantifies the likelihood and severity of natural hazards occurring in a specific location.The application of risk indices for natural hazards in bridge management involves a data collection process and mathematical modelling.The data collection process gathers information on bridges’location,condition,and vulnerability,while mathematical modelling uses the data to assess the risk of natural hazards.Overall,risk indices provide a quantitative measure of the vulnerability of bridges to natural hazards and help to prioritize maintenance and repair activities.Mitigation measures are then evaluated and implemented based on the risk assessment results.By using this tool,the UBMS research group has developed an algorithm for risk assessment which will be essential in the decision-making process,specifically focused on enhancing Fund Optimization,Deterioration Modelling,and Risk Analysis.These developments effectively fulfill the primary objectives associated with addressing and mitigating hazards.This development also helps bridge managers understand the potential threats posed by natural hazards and allocate resources more efficiently to ensure the safety and longevity of critical transportation infrastructure.
文摘When foraging,internal needs for particular nutrients might affect food choice,and external constraints,such as predation risk,might impact trade-offs between foraging and risk avoidance.Examining both internal and external constraints simultaneously can provide important insights into how animals make decisions.We examined how internal nutritional needs and external cues of mortality risk jointly impact the foraging behavior of ants.Ant colonies require carbohydrates to support workers energetically and proteins to raise brood.Furthermore,colonies adjust their foraging activity in response to the environment,such as food availability and the presence of predators or heterospecifics.Here we exam-ine the foraging decisions of groups of Argentine ants Linepithema humile,which differ in their nutritional needs in high-risk environments.We starved groups of ants for either proteins or carbohydrates and determined the foraging choices that ants made when cues of heterospecifics were present.We found that ants preferentially forage for carbohydrates in high-risk conditions.Furthermore,starvation for carbohydrates increased the ants'preference for carbohydrates,even when cues of heterospecifics were present at both carbohydrates and protein resources.Starvation for protein also resulted in preferential foraging for carbohydrates,but it increased visitation to a protein food source in high-risk envi-ronments compared to when ants were starved for carbohydrates or for both resources.Examining the effect of both nutrition and mortality risk on foraging simultaneously provides insights about state-dependent risk-taking behavior that may have important implications for predicting theinvasionofspecies intonovelhabitats.
