Network coding brings many benefits for multicast networks. It is necessary to introduce network coding into optical networks. Nevertheless, the traditional network coding scheme is hard to be implemented in optical n...Network coding brings many benefits for multicast networks. It is necessary to introduce network coding into optical networks. Nevertheless, the traditional network coding scheme is hard to be implemented in optical networks because of the weak operation capability in photonic domain. In the paper, we focused on realizing two-channel network coding in all-optical multicast networks. An optical network coding scheme which can be realized via logic shift and logic XOR operations in photonic domain was proposed. Moreover, to perform the network coding scheme the coding node structure was designed and the operation principle and processes were illustrated in detail. In the end of the paper, the performance and the cost of different all-optical multicast mode were compared and analyzed.展开更多
Wireless networks with no infrastructure arise as a result of multiple wireless devices working together.The Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET)is a system for connecting independently located Mobile Nodes(MNs)via wireless l...Wireless networks with no infrastructure arise as a result of multiple wireless devices working together.The Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET)is a system for connecting independently located Mobile Nodes(MNs)via wireless links.A MANET is self-configuring in telecommunications,while MN produces non-infrastructure networks that are entirely decentralized.Both the MAC and routing layers of MANETs take into account issues related to Quality of Service(QoS).When culling a line of optical discernment communication,MANET can be an effective and cost-saving route cull option.To maintain QoS,however,more or fewer challenges must be overcome.This paper proposes a Fuzzy Logic Control(FLC)methodology for specifying a probabilistic QoS guaranteed for MANETs.The framework uses network node mobility to establish the probabil-istic quality of service.Fuzzy Logic(FL)implementations were added to Network Simulator-3(NS-3)and used with the proposed FLC framework for simulation.Researchers have found that for a given node’s mobility,the path’s bandwidth decreases with time,hop count,and radius.It is resolutely based on this fuzzy rule that the priority index for a packet is determined.Also,by avoiding sending pack-ets(PKT)out of source networks when there are no beneficial routes,bandwidth is not wasted.The FLC outperforms the scheduling methods with a wide range of results.To improve QoS within MANETs,it is therefore recommended that FLC is used to synchronize packets.Thus,using these performance metrics,the QoS-responsible routing can opt for more stable paths.Based on network simulation,it is evident that incorporating QoS into routing protocols is meant to improve traf-fic performance,in particular authentic-time traffic.展开更多
The problem of logical node(LN)importance quantification in an IEC 61850 based substation automation system(SAS)is investigated in this paper.First,a weighted and directed static complex network model is established b...The problem of logical node(LN)importance quantification in an IEC 61850 based substation automation system(SAS)is investigated in this paper.First,a weighted and directed static complex network model is established by analyzing the characteristics of SAS,according to IEC 61850.Then,we propose a method,which combines topology value and information adjunction value by introducing a first-order linear feedback controller to quantify the value of LNs.On this basis,some definitions for equivalent network conversion are proposed to greatly reduce the complexity of the original network topology.Also,the absolute value and relative value are introduced to quantify LN importance from the perspective of the node’s necessity and influence,respectively.Finally,simulation results of the case study demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and provides a broader and clearer perspective for viewing the logical node importance for IEC61850 based SAS.展开更多
Recently,the fundamental problem with Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Net-works(H-MANETs)is tofind a suitable and secure way of balancing the load through Internet gateways.Moreover,the selection of the gateway and overload of th...Recently,the fundamental problem with Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Net-works(H-MANETs)is tofind a suitable and secure way of balancing the load through Internet gateways.Moreover,the selection of the gateway and overload of the network results in packet loss and Delay(DL).For optimal performance,it is important to load balance between different gateways.As a result,a stable load balancing procedure is implemented,which selects gateways based on Fuzzy Logic(FL)and increases the efficiency of the network.In this case,since gate-ways are selected based on the number of nodes,the Energy Consumption(EC)was high.This paper presents a novel Node Quality-based Clustering Algo-rithm(NQCA)based on Fuzzy-Genetic for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection(FGCHGS).This algorithm combines NQCA with the Improved Weighted Clus-tering Algorithm(IWCA).The NQCA algorithm divides the network into clusters based upon node priority,transmission range,and neighbourfidelity.In addition,the simulation results tend to evaluate the performance effectiveness of the FFFCHGS algorithm in terms of EC,packet loss rate(PLR),etc.展开更多
为防止城市车联网场景中的恶意伪装节点共享虚假信息,提出一种基于区块链的城市车联网声誉管理(urban internet of vehicles reputation management, UIRM)方案。利用区块链技术对车联网产生的数据进行加密与存储,结合城市道路普遍存在...为防止城市车联网场景中的恶意伪装节点共享虚假信息,提出一种基于区块链的城市车联网声誉管理(urban internet of vehicles reputation management, UIRM)方案。利用区块链技术对车联网产生的数据进行加密与存储,结合城市道路普遍存在的车辆密度较大、数据共享频率较高等环境特征进行设计,保证节点隐私,提高数据共享的效率。实验分析结果表明,在相同参数配置下,相比于现有认可度较高的多权主观逻辑声誉方案,对恶意伪装节点的检出率提升了16.2%,进一步提升了城市车联网内部的安全性与可靠性。展开更多
The main parameter to be considered in the wireless sensor network is the amount of energy that is available in each sensor node. The lifetime of the sensor node (SN) depends on it. As the SNs are deployed in remote l...The main parameter to be considered in the wireless sensor network is the amount of energy that is available in each sensor node. The lifetime of the sensor node (SN) depends on it. As the SNs are deployed in remote locations, if the entire energy is consumed, it would be very difficult to replace or recharge the energy source immediately. Hence the energy consumed by each node is very important. If individual SNs send information directly to the base station (BS), then the availability of energy in such SN decreases very fast. This will lead to reduction in the life time of the SN. Instead, the SNs can send the data to the cluster head (CH), then the CH consolidates the received data. The CH sends it to the BS periodically. In this way, utilizing CH for sending the information to the BS increases the lifetime of the SN. The cluster head selection is very crucial in such networks. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy based BEENSIH protocol for CH selection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61171103)the Doctoral Research Fund of Shandong University of Technology (4041-411023)
文摘Network coding brings many benefits for multicast networks. It is necessary to introduce network coding into optical networks. Nevertheless, the traditional network coding scheme is hard to be implemented in optical networks because of the weak operation capability in photonic domain. In the paper, we focused on realizing two-channel network coding in all-optical multicast networks. An optical network coding scheme which can be realized via logic shift and logic XOR operations in photonic domain was proposed. Moreover, to perform the network coding scheme the coding node structure was designed and the operation principle and processes were illustrated in detail. In the end of the paper, the performance and the cost of different all-optical multicast mode were compared and analyzed.
文摘Wireless networks with no infrastructure arise as a result of multiple wireless devices working together.The Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET)is a system for connecting independently located Mobile Nodes(MNs)via wireless links.A MANET is self-configuring in telecommunications,while MN produces non-infrastructure networks that are entirely decentralized.Both the MAC and routing layers of MANETs take into account issues related to Quality of Service(QoS).When culling a line of optical discernment communication,MANET can be an effective and cost-saving route cull option.To maintain QoS,however,more or fewer challenges must be overcome.This paper proposes a Fuzzy Logic Control(FLC)methodology for specifying a probabilistic QoS guaranteed for MANETs.The framework uses network node mobility to establish the probabil-istic quality of service.Fuzzy Logic(FL)implementations were added to Network Simulator-3(NS-3)and used with the proposed FLC framework for simulation.Researchers have found that for a given node’s mobility,the path’s bandwidth decreases with time,hop count,and radius.It is resolutely based on this fuzzy rule that the priority index for a packet is determined.Also,by avoiding sending pack-ets(PKT)out of source networks when there are no beneficial routes,bandwidth is not wasted.The FLC outperforms the scheduling methods with a wide range of results.To improve QoS within MANETs,it is therefore recommended that FLC is used to synchronize packets.Thus,using these performance metrics,the QoS-responsible routing can opt for more stable paths.Based on network simulation,it is evident that incorporating QoS into routing protocols is meant to improve traf-fic performance,in particular authentic-time traffic.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1866209)。
文摘The problem of logical node(LN)importance quantification in an IEC 61850 based substation automation system(SAS)is investigated in this paper.First,a weighted and directed static complex network model is established by analyzing the characteristics of SAS,according to IEC 61850.Then,we propose a method,which combines topology value and information adjunction value by introducing a first-order linear feedback controller to quantify the value of LNs.On this basis,some definitions for equivalent network conversion are proposed to greatly reduce the complexity of the original network topology.Also,the absolute value and relative value are introduced to quantify LN importance from the perspective of the node’s necessity and influence,respectively.Finally,simulation results of the case study demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and provides a broader and clearer perspective for viewing the logical node importance for IEC61850 based SAS.
文摘Recently,the fundamental problem with Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Net-works(H-MANETs)is tofind a suitable and secure way of balancing the load through Internet gateways.Moreover,the selection of the gateway and overload of the network results in packet loss and Delay(DL).For optimal performance,it is important to load balance between different gateways.As a result,a stable load balancing procedure is implemented,which selects gateways based on Fuzzy Logic(FL)and increases the efficiency of the network.In this case,since gate-ways are selected based on the number of nodes,the Energy Consumption(EC)was high.This paper presents a novel Node Quality-based Clustering Algo-rithm(NQCA)based on Fuzzy-Genetic for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection(FGCHGS).This algorithm combines NQCA with the Improved Weighted Clus-tering Algorithm(IWCA).The NQCA algorithm divides the network into clusters based upon node priority,transmission range,and neighbourfidelity.In addition,the simulation results tend to evaluate the performance effectiveness of the FFFCHGS algorithm in terms of EC,packet loss rate(PLR),etc.
文摘为防止城市车联网场景中的恶意伪装节点共享虚假信息,提出一种基于区块链的城市车联网声誉管理(urban internet of vehicles reputation management, UIRM)方案。利用区块链技术对车联网产生的数据进行加密与存储,结合城市道路普遍存在的车辆密度较大、数据共享频率较高等环境特征进行设计,保证节点隐私,提高数据共享的效率。实验分析结果表明,在相同参数配置下,相比于现有认可度较高的多权主观逻辑声誉方案,对恶意伪装节点的检出率提升了16.2%,进一步提升了城市车联网内部的安全性与可靠性。
文摘The main parameter to be considered in the wireless sensor network is the amount of energy that is available in each sensor node. The lifetime of the sensor node (SN) depends on it. As the SNs are deployed in remote locations, if the entire energy is consumed, it would be very difficult to replace or recharge the energy source immediately. Hence the energy consumed by each node is very important. If individual SNs send information directly to the base station (BS), then the availability of energy in such SN decreases very fast. This will lead to reduction in the life time of the SN. Instead, the SNs can send the data to the cluster head (CH), then the CH consolidates the received data. The CH sends it to the BS periodically. In this way, utilizing CH for sending the information to the BS increases the lifetime of the SN. The cluster head selection is very crucial in such networks. This paper proposes a novel fuzzy based BEENSIH protocol for CH selection.
