To extract and display the significant information of combat systems,this paper introduces the methodology of functional cartography into combat networks and proposes an integrated framework named“functional cartogra...To extract and display the significant information of combat systems,this paper introduces the methodology of functional cartography into combat networks and proposes an integrated framework named“functional cartography of heterogeneous combat networks based on the operational chain”(FCBOC).In this framework,a functional module detection algorithm named operational chain-based label propagation algorithm(OCLPA),which considers the cooperation and interactions among combat entities and can thus naturally tackle network heterogeneity,is proposed to identify the functional modules of the network.Then,the nodes and their modules are classified into different roles according to their properties.A case study shows that FCBOC can provide a simplified description of disorderly information of combat networks and enable us to identify their functional and structural network characteristics.The results provide useful information to help commanders make precise and accurate decisions regarding the protection,disintegration or optimization of combat networks.Three algorithms are also compared with OCLPA to show that FCBOC can most effectively find functional modules with practical meaning.展开更多
The rapid development of military technology has prompted different types of equipment to break the limits of operational domains and emerged through complex interactions to form a vast combat system of systems(CSoS),...The rapid development of military technology has prompted different types of equipment to break the limits of operational domains and emerged through complex interactions to form a vast combat system of systems(CSoS),which can be abstracted as a heterogeneous combat network(HCN).It is of great military significance to study the disintegration strategy of combat networks to achieve the breakdown of the enemy’s CSoS.To this end,this paper proposes an integrated framework called HCN disintegration based on double deep Q-learning(HCN-DDQL).Firstly,the enemy’s CSoS is abstracted as an HCN,and an evaluation index based on the capability and attack costs of nodes is proposed.Meanwhile,a mathematical optimization model for HCN disintegration is established.Secondly,the learning environment and double deep Q-network model of HCN-DDQL are established to train the HCN’s disintegration strategy.Then,based on the learned HCN-DDQL model,an algorithm for calculating the HCN’s optimal disintegration strategy under different states is proposed.Finally,a case study is used to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of HCNDDQL,and the results demonstrate that HCN-DDQL can disintegrate HCNs more effectively than baseline methods.展开更多
With continuous growth in scale,topology complexity,mission phases,and mission diversity,challenges have been placed for efficient capability evaluation of modern combat systems.Aiming at the problems of insufficient ...With continuous growth in scale,topology complexity,mission phases,and mission diversity,challenges have been placed for efficient capability evaluation of modern combat systems.Aiming at the problems of insufficient mission consideration and single evaluation dimension in the existing evaluation approaches,this study proposes a mission-oriented capability evaluation method for combat systems based on operation loop.Firstly,a combat network model is given that takes into account the capability properties of combat nodes.Then,based on the transition matrix between combat nodes,an efficient algorithm for operation loop identification is proposed based on the Breadth-First Search.Given the mission-capability satisfaction of nodes,the effectiveness evaluation indexes for operation loops and combat network are proposed,followed by node importance measure.Through a case study of the combat scenario involving space-based support against surface ships under different strategies,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.The results indicated that the ROI-priority attack method has a notable impact on reducing the overall efficiency of the network,whereas the O-L betweenness-priority attack is more effective in obstructing the successful execution of enemy attack missions.展开更多
Link prediction of combat networks is of significant military value for precisely identifying the vital infrastructure of the enemy target and optimizing the operational plan of our side.Due to the profound uncertaint...Link prediction of combat networks is of significant military value for precisely identifying the vital infrastructure of the enemy target and optimizing the operational plan of our side.Due to the profound uncertainty in the battleground circumstances, the acquired topological information of the opponent combat network always presents sparse characteristics. To solve this problem, a novel approach named network embedding based combat network link prediction(NECLP) is put forward to predict missing links of sparse combat networks. First,node embedding techniques are presented to preserve as much information of the combat network as possible using a low-dimensional space. Then, we put forward a solution algorithm to predict links between combat networks based on node embedding similarity. Last, massive experiments are carried out on a real-world combat network case to verify the validity and practicality of the proposed NECLP. This paper compares six baseline methods, and experimental results show that the NECLP has outstanding performance and substantially outperforms the baseline methods.展开更多
The anti-aircraft system plays an irreplaceable role in modern combat. An anti-aircraft system consists of various types of functional entities interacting to destroy the hostile aircraft moving in high speed. The con...The anti-aircraft system plays an irreplaceable role in modern combat. An anti-aircraft system consists of various types of functional entities interacting to destroy the hostile aircraft moving in high speed. The connecting structure of combat entities in it is of great importance for supporting the normal process of the system. In this paper, we explore the optimizing strategy of the structure of the anti-aircraft network by establishing extra communication channels between the combat entities.Firstly, the thought of combat network model(CNM) is borrowed to model the anti-aircraft system as a heterogeneous network. Secondly, the optimization objectives are determined as the survivability and the accuracy of the system. To specify these objectives, the information chain and accuracy chain are constructed based on CNM. The causal strength(CAST) logic and influence network(IN) are introduced to illustrate the establishment of the accuracy chain. Thirdly, the optimization constraints are discussed and set in three aspects: time, connection feasibility and budget. The time constraint network(TCN) is introduced to construct the timing chain and help to detect the timing consistency. Then, the process of the multi-objective optimization of the structure of the anti-aircraft system is designed.Finally, a simulation is conducted to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Non-dominated sorting based genetic algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA2) is used to solve the multiobjective optimization problem and two other algorithms including non-dominated sorting based genetic algorithm-Ⅲ(NSGA3)and strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm-Ⅱ(SPEA2) are employed as comparisons. The deciders and system builders can make the anti-aircraft system improved in the survivability and accuracy in the combat reality.展开更多
Modernization of armies is a constant process and is driven by intuitive fact that those who do not modernize will become extinct. In last five decades, the development of modern armies has taken place around Colonel ...Modernization of armies is a constant process and is driven by intuitive fact that those who do not modernize will become extinct. In last five decades, the development of modern armies has taken place around Colonel John Boyd’s theory of OODA loop that deals with information superiority. Building a robust, mobile and capable network that could provide for novel appliances and information superiority is the main challenge which modernizers are facing. Network, suitable for future combat operations, and able to transport a vast amount of information on a battlefield, is expensive to build. Every mistake in design and the need to correct those mistakes could halt development in an army for years. Therefore, system dependability analysis during system design phase is needed. In this report, the concept of a future Battle Network System is described. The Report evaluates operational environment of BNS and possible failure reasons of the service, and illustrates the change in BNS Quality of Service due to probable transport layer errors. This paper describes the method of testing the concept of proposed network systems on the drawing board, and emphasizes design points for a new system. Nevertheless, the proposed method is by no means conclusive. Rather, it describes an engineering approach to define the main problems while creating MANET-based networking systems.展开更多
As weapon system effectiveness is affected by many factors,its evaluation is essentially a multi-criterion decision making problem for its complexity.The evaluation model of the effectiveness is established on the bas...As weapon system effectiveness is affected by many factors,its evaluation is essentially a multi-criterion decision making problem for its complexity.The evaluation model of the effectiveness is established on the basis of metrics architecture of the effectiveness.The Bayesian network,which is used to evaluate the effectiveness,is established based on the metrics architecture and the evaluation models.For getting the weights of the metrics by Bayesian network,subjective initial values of the weights are given,gradient ascent algorithm is adopted,and the reasonable values of the weights are achieved.And then the effectiveness of every weapon system project is gained.The weapon system,whose effectiveness is relative maximum,is the optimization system.The research result shows that this method can solve the problem of AHP method which evaluation results are not compatible to the practice results and overcome the shortcoming of neural network in multilayer and multi-criterion decision.The method offers a new approach for evaluating the effectiveness.展开更多
Target distribution in cooperative combat is a difficult and emphases. We build up the optimization model according to the rule of fire distribution. We have researched on the optimization model with BOA. The BOA can ...Target distribution in cooperative combat is a difficult and emphases. We build up the optimization model according to the rule of fire distribution. We have researched on the optimization model with BOA. The BOA can estimate the joint probability distribution of the variables with Bayesian network, and the new candidate solutions also can be generated by the joint distribution. The simulation example verified that the method could be used to solve the complex question, the operation was quickly and the solution was best.展开更多
文摘To extract and display the significant information of combat systems,this paper introduces the methodology of functional cartography into combat networks and proposes an integrated framework named“functional cartography of heterogeneous combat networks based on the operational chain”(FCBOC).In this framework,a functional module detection algorithm named operational chain-based label propagation algorithm(OCLPA),which considers the cooperation and interactions among combat entities and can thus naturally tackle network heterogeneity,is proposed to identify the functional modules of the network.Then,the nodes and their modules are classified into different roles according to their properties.A case study shows that FCBOC can provide a simplified description of disorderly information of combat networks and enable us to identify their functional and structural network characteristics.The results provide useful information to help commanders make precise and accurate decisions regarding the protection,disintegration or optimization of combat networks.Three algorithms are also compared with OCLPA to show that FCBOC can most effectively find functional modules with practical meaning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7200120972231011+2 种基金72071206)the Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province(2020RC4046)the Science Foundation for Outstanding Youth Scholars of Hunan Province(2022JJ20047).
文摘The rapid development of military technology has prompted different types of equipment to break the limits of operational domains and emerged through complex interactions to form a vast combat system of systems(CSoS),which can be abstracted as a heterogeneous combat network(HCN).It is of great military significance to study the disintegration strategy of combat networks to achieve the breakdown of the enemy’s CSoS.To this end,this paper proposes an integrated framework called HCN disintegration based on double deep Q-learning(HCN-DDQL).Firstly,the enemy’s CSoS is abstracted as an HCN,and an evaluation index based on the capability and attack costs of nodes is proposed.Meanwhile,a mathematical optimization model for HCN disintegration is established.Secondly,the learning environment and double deep Q-network model of HCN-DDQL are established to train the HCN’s disintegration strategy.Then,based on the learned HCN-DDQL model,an algorithm for calculating the HCN’s optimal disintegration strategy under different states is proposed.Finally,a case study is used to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of HCNDDQL,and the results demonstrate that HCN-DDQL can disintegrate HCNs more effectively than baseline methods.
文摘With continuous growth in scale,topology complexity,mission phases,and mission diversity,challenges have been placed for efficient capability evaluation of modern combat systems.Aiming at the problems of insufficient mission consideration and single evaluation dimension in the existing evaluation approaches,this study proposes a mission-oriented capability evaluation method for combat systems based on operation loop.Firstly,a combat network model is given that takes into account the capability properties of combat nodes.Then,based on the transition matrix between combat nodes,an efficient algorithm for operation loop identification is proposed based on the Breadth-First Search.Given the mission-capability satisfaction of nodes,the effectiveness evaluation indexes for operation loops and combat network are proposed,followed by node importance measure.Through a case study of the combat scenario involving space-based support against surface ships under different strategies,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.The results indicated that the ROI-priority attack method has a notable impact on reducing the overall efficiency of the network,whereas the O-L betweenness-priority attack is more effective in obstructing the successful execution of enemy attack missions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (7190121271971213)。
文摘Link prediction of combat networks is of significant military value for precisely identifying the vital infrastructure of the enemy target and optimizing the operational plan of our side.Due to the profound uncertainty in the battleground circumstances, the acquired topological information of the opponent combat network always presents sparse characteristics. To solve this problem, a novel approach named network embedding based combat network link prediction(NECLP) is put forward to predict missing links of sparse combat networks. First,node embedding techniques are presented to preserve as much information of the combat network as possible using a low-dimensional space. Then, we put forward a solution algorithm to predict links between combat networks based on node embedding similarity. Last, massive experiments are carried out on a real-world combat network case to verify the validity and practicality of the proposed NECLP. This paper compares six baseline methods, and experimental results show that the NECLP has outstanding performance and substantially outperforms the baseline methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72071206).
文摘The anti-aircraft system plays an irreplaceable role in modern combat. An anti-aircraft system consists of various types of functional entities interacting to destroy the hostile aircraft moving in high speed. The connecting structure of combat entities in it is of great importance for supporting the normal process of the system. In this paper, we explore the optimizing strategy of the structure of the anti-aircraft network by establishing extra communication channels between the combat entities.Firstly, the thought of combat network model(CNM) is borrowed to model the anti-aircraft system as a heterogeneous network. Secondly, the optimization objectives are determined as the survivability and the accuracy of the system. To specify these objectives, the information chain and accuracy chain are constructed based on CNM. The causal strength(CAST) logic and influence network(IN) are introduced to illustrate the establishment of the accuracy chain. Thirdly, the optimization constraints are discussed and set in three aspects: time, connection feasibility and budget. The time constraint network(TCN) is introduced to construct the timing chain and help to detect the timing consistency. Then, the process of the multi-objective optimization of the structure of the anti-aircraft system is designed.Finally, a simulation is conducted to prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. Non-dominated sorting based genetic algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA2) is used to solve the multiobjective optimization problem and two other algorithms including non-dominated sorting based genetic algorithm-Ⅲ(NSGA3)and strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm-Ⅱ(SPEA2) are employed as comparisons. The deciders and system builders can make the anti-aircraft system improved in the survivability and accuracy in the combat reality.
文摘Modernization of armies is a constant process and is driven by intuitive fact that those who do not modernize will become extinct. In last five decades, the development of modern armies has taken place around Colonel John Boyd’s theory of OODA loop that deals with information superiority. Building a robust, mobile and capable network that could provide for novel appliances and information superiority is the main challenge which modernizers are facing. Network, suitable for future combat operations, and able to transport a vast amount of information on a battlefield, is expensive to build. Every mistake in design and the need to correct those mistakes could halt development in an army for years. Therefore, system dependability analysis during system design phase is needed. In this report, the concept of a future Battle Network System is described. The Report evaluates operational environment of BNS and possible failure reasons of the service, and illustrates the change in BNS Quality of Service due to probable transport layer errors. This paper describes the method of testing the concept of proposed network systems on the drawing board, and emphasizes design points for a new system. Nevertheless, the proposed method is by no means conclusive. Rather, it describes an engineering approach to define the main problems while creating MANET-based networking systems.
文摘As weapon system effectiveness is affected by many factors,its evaluation is essentially a multi-criterion decision making problem for its complexity.The evaluation model of the effectiveness is established on the basis of metrics architecture of the effectiveness.The Bayesian network,which is used to evaluate the effectiveness,is established based on the metrics architecture and the evaluation models.For getting the weights of the metrics by Bayesian network,subjective initial values of the weights are given,gradient ascent algorithm is adopted,and the reasonable values of the weights are achieved.And then the effectiveness of every weapon system project is gained.The weapon system,whose effectiveness is relative maximum,is the optimization system.The research result shows that this method can solve the problem of AHP method which evaluation results are not compatible to the practice results and overcome the shortcoming of neural network in multilayer and multi-criterion decision.The method offers a new approach for evaluating the effectiveness.
基金This project was supported by the Fund of College Doctor Degree (20020699009)
文摘Target distribution in cooperative combat is a difficult and emphases. We build up the optimization model according to the rule of fire distribution. We have researched on the optimization model with BOA. The BOA can estimate the joint probability distribution of the variables with Bayesian network, and the new candidate solutions also can be generated by the joint distribution. The simulation example verified that the method could be used to solve the complex question, the operation was quickly and the solution was best.
