This paper presents an explicit formula based on reparameterization technique for progressively computing a simple root of a smooth function,which may have wide applications in robotics,geomagnetic navigation,geometri...This paper presents an explicit formula based on reparameterization technique for progressively computing a simple root of a smooth function,which may have wide applications in robotics,geomagnetic navigation,geometric processing and computer graphics.Comparing with Newton-like method,it can achieve convergence rate 2 by adding one more functional evaluation,improve the computational stability and ensure the convergence,and also obtain higher convergence rate and higher efficiency index.Compared with clipping methods for polynomials,it doesn't need to bound the polynomials,directly bound the roots and can also work well for non-polynomial functions with much higher computational efficiency.Comparing with previous progressive methods,it achieves a much higher computational efficiency and is extended to solve bivariate equation system.Numerical examples show its much better performance on approximation error,computational efficiency and computational stability.展开更多
In this paper,we study the generalized Dedekind Rademacher sums considered by Hall,Wilson and Zagier.We establish a new formula for the products of two Bernoulli functions by using Parseval's formula,Hurwitz's...In this paper,we study the generalized Dedekind Rademacher sums considered by Hall,Wilson and Zagier.We establish a new formula for the products of two Bernoulli functions by using Parseval's formula,Hurwitz's formula and Lerch's functional equation.As applications of the result,some well-known reciprocity formulas are deduced as special cases.展开更多
In the references[4,11,12],the authors gave some modular forms overΓ^(0)(2).In this note,we proceed with the study of cancellation formulas relating to the modular forms.
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Soufeng Yuchuan(搜风愈喘, SFYC) formula alleviates asthma by promoting ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells. METHODS: A chronic asthma rat model was established using ovalbumin(OVA) com...OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Soufeng Yuchuan(搜风愈喘, SFYC) formula alleviates asthma by promoting ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells. METHODS: A chronic asthma rat model was established using ovalbumin(OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide sensitization and OVA nebulization stimulation. Lung tissue pathology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Lung tissue ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione, and tissue ferrous ion content in rat lung tissues and cells were detected using commercial kits. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression levels of interleukin-13(IL-13) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in lung tissue. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression levels of transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), transferrin receptor 2(TFR2), acyl-Co A synthetase longchain family member 4(ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11). Cell proliferation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Intracellular lipid peroxidation was detected using a C11-BODIPY 581/591(C11-BODIPY) probe. RESULTS: SFYC formula effectively alleviates airway inflammation in asthmatic rats in a dose-dependent manner. It improves airway epithelial cell integrity, reduces alveolar wall thickening and expansion, inhibits goblet cell proliferation and mucus secretion, and decreases the expression of IL-6 and IL-13 in lung tissue, as well as the serum levels of IL-6, IL-13, interleukin-4(IL-4), and immunoglobulin E(Ig E). SFYC formula mitigates ferroptosis in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. At the cellular level, it promotes proliferation of rat airway epithelial cells, inhibits cell apoptosis, suppresses ROS, MDA, and lipid accumulation, reduces the expression of TFR1, TFR2, and ASCL4, and increases the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 to mitigate ferroptosis. CONCLUSION: SFYC formula alleviates asthma airway inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis in airway epithelial cells, providing new insights and potential therapeutic targets for the development of new asthma treatment drugs.展开更多
A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was syst...A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was systematically investigated.The strengthening mechanism and electrical conductivity of the alloy were discussed in detail.The optimal thermomechanical treatment process was as follows:solid solution→80%cold rolling→(450℃,4 h)aging→50%cold rolling→(400℃,4 h)aging.The designed alloy achieved excellent comprehensive properties with a microhardness of HV 260,a yield strength of 843 MPa,a tensile strength of 884 MPa,and an electrical conductivity of 42.6%(IACS).Compared to direct aging treatment,the designed alloy subjected to multi-stage thermomechanical treatment had refined grains,high density of dislocations,and accelerated of precipitation of(Ni,Co)_(2)Si precipitates.High strength was mainly attributed to the combined effect of dislocation strengthening,work hardening and sub-grain strengthening,while good electrical conductivity was maintained through the precipitation of the large number of nanoparticles.展开更多
Background:Hua-Yi-Jie-Du formula(HYJD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven effective against viral pneumonia and was extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates how HYJD influenc...Background:Hua-Yi-Jie-Du formula(HYJD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven effective against viral pneumonia and was extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates how HYJD influences group 2 innate lymphoid cell(ILC2)and nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in a mouse model of viral pneumonia.Methods:A mouse model of viral pneumonia was established through the administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid(poly(I:C))via nasal drops.Histopathological analysis of lung tissue was conducted,alongside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Flow cytometry was employed to detect ILC2 cells in lung tissue and spleen,while immunofluorescence techniques were utilized to visualize ILC2 cells in lung tissue.Transcriptomic sequencing was performed,and the results were validated using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis.Results:HYJD significantly ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue,decreased mucus protein secretion,and reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Additionally,it lowered the expression of cytokines IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-25,thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),and IL-33 in BALF,and reduced the differentiation of ILC2 cells in both lung tissue and spleen.Transcriptomic analysis and experimental validation revealed that HYJD downregulated the expression of NLRP3 related genes and proteins within the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:The mechanism by which HYJD intervenes in acute lung injury associated with viral pneumonia may involve the reduction of ILC2 cells differentiation and the inhibition of NLRP3 activation.展开更多
Chronic heart failure(CHF)impairs cognitive function.Xijiaqi Formula(XJQ),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used clinically to treat CHF,demonstrates potential for improving cognition in CHF patients.However,its prec...Chronic heart failure(CHF)impairs cognitive function.Xijiaqi Formula(XJQ),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used clinically to treat CHF,demonstrates potential for improving cognition in CHF patients.However,its precise mechanism in treating post-CHF cognitive dysfunction remains unclear.This study systematically investigates XJQ’s effects on post-CHF cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.The components of XJQ were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.CHF was induced in rats via ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,followed by six weeks of XJQ treatment.Cardiac function was evaluated through echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters,while cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze(MWM)and open field tests(OFT).XJQ treatment enhanced both cardiac and cognitive functions in CHF rats.Network pharmacology identified 12 core active components of XJQ and indicated its effect on cognitive dysfunction involved regulating synapses,inflammation,and phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4)-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling.XJQ inhibited microglial and astrocyte activation,decreased proinflammatory cytokines,and mitigated neuronal damage.Notably,XJQ promoted synaptic repair and dendritic growth by downregulating PDE4 and upregulating cAMP,protein kinase A(PKA),cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),PSD95,and synapsin I levels.Molecular docking and Bio-layer interferometry assays confirmed direct binding of quercetin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin,and darutoside to PDE4.In conclusion,XJQ alleviates neuroinflammation and enhances synaptic plasticity to improve cognitive dysfunction in CHF rats via the PDE4/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.These findings provide valuable insight into the heart-brain axis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chi...BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,liver-soothing formulas are commonly prescribed for mood-related disorders,but their overall efficacy in perimenopausal anxiety and depression remains uncertain and requires verification through meta-analysis.AIM To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making and research,a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of liver-soothing formulas in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.METHODS Relevant studies published up to April 2025 were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library.Eligible studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were extracted and analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software.RESULTS After searching and screening,12 articles involving 1798 patients(922 in the treatment group and 876 in the control group)were included in the analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the standardized scores for anxiety[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.71,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.06 to-0.36]and depression(SMD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.06 to-0.27)of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group.Subgroup analysis results revealed that for anxiety,liver-soothing formulas used alone(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.50 to-0.18)or in combination(SMD=-0.88,95%CI:-1.43 to-0.34)both significantly reduced scores compared with the control group.For depression,monotherapy of liversoothing formulas showed no significant statistical difference between the treatment and control groups(SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-1.11 to 0.17),whereas combination therapy produced significantly lower standardized scale scores in the treatment group than in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(SMD=-0.83,95%CI:-1.39 to-0.28).Regarding Greene scores,no statistically significant difference was observed with monotherapy(SMD=0.87,95%CI:-0.32 to 2.06),whereas combination therapy had significantly lower Greene scores(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.04).No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the occurrence of adverse reactions(odds ratio=0.90,95%CI:0.57-1.43).However,liver-soothing formulas did not affect estrogen levels in perimenopausal women.CONCLUSION Compared with placebo,conventional Western medicine,or other interventions,the monotherapy of liver-soothing formulas demonstrates superior efficacy in treating perimenopausal anxiety.When used as an adjuvant,they exert a synergistic effect in alleviating negative emotions and improving overall perimenopausal symptoms.展开更多
Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic a...Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic acid rapeseed oil)were analyzed and compared using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS).Distinct TAG profiles were identified by lipidomics,principal component analysis(PCA),and heatmap visualization.Human milk was characterized by a high abundance of medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols(MLCTs),saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated(SUU)-type TAGs(sn-2 palmitic acid).In contrast,plant oils lacked MLCTs and SUU-type TAGs,containing mainly TAGs esterified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.Breast milk contains about 27%MLCT,about 50%SUU-type triacylglycerols(which contain about 34%UPU-type triacylglycerols),which is significantly different from plant oils,structured fats and infant formulas.These findings provide a clear basis for optimizing the fat blend in infant formula to better mimic the unique TAG profile of human milk,thereby improving energy delivery and nutrient absorption for infants.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula(平肝育阴清热方,PGYYQR)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)through network pharmacology and...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula(平肝育阴清热方,PGYYQR)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)through network pharmacology and in vivo validation.METHODS:A mouse model of MGD was induced using the stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 inhibitor,followed by PGYYQR treatment for 2 weeks.MGD sign scoring,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,oil red o(ORO)staining,and serum inflammatory cytokine analysis were conducted to assess the effects of PGYYQR on meibomian gland(MG)function,histopathology,and associated inflammation.Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active compounds and potential targets of PGYYQR.Molecular mechanisms were further investigated using Western blotting,reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)assays.RESULTS:PGYYQR treatment significantly reduced the scores of MG orifice obstruction and meibum quality in MGD mice.HE and ORO staining further demonstrated that PGYYQR ameliorated glandular damage and lipid dysfunction.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that PGYYQR markedly decreased the serum levels of key inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Network pharmacology identified 162 active compounds and 598 target genes in PGYYQR.Among these,IL-6,IL-1β,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 were recognized as core targets related to MGD and were mainly enriched in the IL-17/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Further molecular analyses confirmed that PGYYQR significantly inhibited the IL-17/NF-κB axis by downregulating IL-17 expression and reducing phosphorylated NF-κB p65 levels at both the protein and m RNA levels in MG tissues.PGYYQR also effectively reduced ROS levels in the conjunctival tissues of MGD mice.CONCLUSION:PGYYQR effectively improves MG function and preserves local tissue morphology in MGD model mice,primarily by suppressing the inflammatory response through coordinated modulation of the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway and oxidative stress.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the bioactive constituents,key targets,signalling pathways,and molecular mechanisms of Lianshi Jianpi formula(莲实健脾方,LSJPF)in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)through network ph...OBJECTIVE:To explore the bioactive constituents,key targets,signalling pathways,and molecular mechanisms of Lianshi Jianpi formula(莲实健脾方,LSJPF)in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)through network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vivo experiments.METHODS:The active ingredients and targets of LSJPF were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and HERB databases,whereas the IGT-related targets were sourced from Gene Cards,Dis Ge NET,and Pub Med.The overlap analysis identified potential targets of LSJPF.Protein-protein interaction networks and core targets were evaluated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape,and molecular docking confirmed the binding affinities.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape.The therapeutic mechanisms were validated in an animal IGT model.RESULTS:LSJPF contained 229 compounds,with 15 active compounds and 77 potential target proteins.The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(AKT)signalling pathway emerged as a key IGT pathway.The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the pivotal genes RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1),heat shock protein 90 k Da alpha B1,and B-cell lymphoma 2 family protein,which predominantly interact with beta-sitosterol and beta-carotene,the major constituents of Semen Euryales,Semen lablab Album,Semen sojae Atricolor in LSJPF.Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between LSJPF and IGT-related targets.In an animal IGT model,LSJPF treatment prevented weight loss;reduced food and water intake;decreased blood glucose levels;improved insulin resistance;decreased serum triglyceride,cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels;alleviated liver pathology;and significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),PI3K,and AKT,suggesting its potential role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.CONCLUSIONS:These findings reveal the potential of LSJPF as an IGT intervention that targets the AMPK/PI3K/AKT cascade,validating network pharmacology predictions and highlighting the role of multipathway mechanisms in metabolic diseases.展开更多
The non-uniqueness of solution and compatibility between the coupled boundary conditions in computing velocity potential and streamfunction from horizontal velocity in a limited domain of arbitrary shape are revisited...The non-uniqueness of solution and compatibility between the coupled boundary conditions in computing velocity potential and streamfunction from horizontal velocity in a limited domain of arbitrary shape are revisited theoretically with rigorous mathematic treatments.Classic integral formulas and their variants are used to formulate solutions for the coupled problems.In the absence of data holes,the total solution is the sum of two integral solutions.One is the internally induced solution produced purely and uniquely by the domain internal divergence and vorticity,and its two components（velocity potential and streamfunction） can be constructed by applying Green＇s function for Poisson equation in unbounded domain to the divergence and vorticity inside the domain.The other is the externally induced solution produced purely but non-uniquely by the domain external divergence and vorticity,and the non-uniqueness is caused by the harmonic nature of the solution and the unknown divergence and vorticity distributions outside the domain.By setting either the velocity potential（or streamfunction） component to zero,the other component of the externally induced solution can be expressed by the imaginary（or real） part of the Cauchy integral constructed using the coupled boundary conditions and solvability conditions that exclude the internally induced solution.The streamfunction（or velocity potential） for the externally induced solution can also be expressed by the boundary integral of a double-layer（or singlelayer） density function.In the presence of data holes,the total solution includes a data-hole-induced solution in addition to the above internally and externally induced solutions.展开更多
In the present study, 28 Chinese medicinal herbs belonging to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes were selected to explore the application of network pharmacology in developing new C...In the present study, 28 Chinese medicinal herbs belonging to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes were selected to explore the application of network pharmacology in developing new Chinese herbal medicine formulae for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). These herbs have the highest appearance rate in the literature, and their compounds are listed. The human protein–protein interaction network and the T2DM disease protein interaction network were constructed. Then, the related algorithm for network topology was used to perform interventions on the interaction network of disease proteins and normal human proteins to test different Chinese herbal medicine compound combinations, according to the information on the interaction of compounds–targets in two databases, namely TarN et and the Medicinal Plants Database. Results of the intervention scores indicate that the method proposed in this study can provide new effective combinations of Chinese herbal medicines for T2DM. Network pharmacology can effectively promote the modernization and development of TCM.展开更多
Let （M,g, e^-fdv） be a smooth metric measure space. In this paper, we con- sider two nonlinear weighted p-heat equations. Firstly, we derive a Li-Yau type gradient estimates for the positive solutions to the followi...Let （M,g, e^-fdv） be a smooth metric measure space. In this paper, we con- sider two nonlinear weighted p-heat equations. Firstly, we derive a Li-Yau type gradient estimates for the positive solutions to the following nonlinear weighted p-heat equationand f is a smooth function on M under the assumptionthat the m-dimensional nonnegative Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature. Secondly, we show an entropy monotonicity formula with nonnegative m-dimensional Bakry-Emery Ricci curva- ture which is a generalization to the results of Kotschwar and Ni [9], Li [7].展开更多
To understand the mesoscopic mechanism of clayey soil in view of macroscopic behavior, it is essential to quantitatively calculate the electric double-layer repulsion between arbitrarily inclined clay particles.Howeve...To understand the mesoscopic mechanism of clayey soil in view of macroscopic behavior, it is essential to quantitatively calculate the electric double-layer repulsion between arbitrarily inclined clay particles.However, suitable calculation methods with high efficiency and accuracy are still rare at present in literature. Based on a great number of numerical calculations of the repulsion between two inclined platy clay particles, explicit empirical formulae for estimating electric double-layer repulsion between clay particles are put forward. Comparison between the empirical solutions and corresponding numerical results shows that the proposed formulae have a reasonable accuracy, and application of the presented formula is easy and efficient.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate different standard liver volume (SLV) formula and verify the applicability of the formulae for Chinese adults.METHODS: Data from 70 cases of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) performed at our t...AIM:To evaluate different standard liver volume (SLV) formula and verify the applicability of the formulae for Chinese adults.METHODS: Data from 70 cases of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) performed at our transplantation centers between January 2008 and April 2009 were analyzed. SLV was estimated using our recently reported formula [the Chengdu formula: SLV (mL)=11.5×body weight (kg) + 334] and other reported formulae used for Chinese adults. Actual intraoperative liver volumes were obtained from a review of the patients' medical records.RESULTS: The actual right liver volume was not significantly different from the estimated right liver volume determined by the Chengdu formula, but was significantly smaller than estimates using the Heinemann, Urata, Vauthey, and Lee formulae (P<0.01), and signif icantly larger than estimates using the Fan formula (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The Chengdu formula was demonstrated to be reliable by its application in LDLT.展开更多
In this paper, we made a new breakthrough, which proposes a new recursion–transform（RT） method with potential parameters to evaluate the nodal potential in arbitrary resistor networks. For the first time, we found ...In this paper, we made a new breakthrough, which proposes a new recursion–transform（RT） method with potential parameters to evaluate the nodal potential in arbitrary resistor networks. For the first time, we found the exact potential formulae of arbitrary m × n cobweb and fan networks by the RT method, and the potential formulae of infinite and semi-infinite networks are derived. As applications, a series of interesting corollaries of potential formulae are given by using the general formula, the equivalent resistance formula is deduced by using the potential formula, and we find a new trigonometric identity by comparing two equivalence results with different forms.展开更多
Fifteen formulae of wave transmission coefficient for submerged breakwaters obtained during last 3 decades are presented, compared, and analyzed in this paper. The dimensionless parameters mainly involved in this disc...Fifteen formulae of wave transmission coefficient for submerged breakwaters obtained during last 3 decades are presented, compared, and analyzed in this paper. The dimensionless parameters mainly involved in this discussion are the relative submerged depth Re/h, relative wave height Rc/Hi, relative rubble size B/D50, relative breakwater width B√ HiL0 and wave breaker index ξ. It indicates that there exist notable differences among the computed results, which mainly originate from the limited experimental conditions and different analytical methods, even though the major tendency keeps similar. It is necessary to conduct more systematic studies to obtain better understanding about the mechanism of wave transmission over submerged breakwaters.展开更多
Some quadrature formulae for the numerical evaluation of singular integrals of arbitrary order are established and both the estimate of remainder and the convergence of each quadrature formula derived here are also gi...Some quadrature formulae for the numerical evaluation of singular integrals of arbitrary order are established and both the estimate of remainder and the convergence of each quadrature formula derived here are also given.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61972120)。
文摘This paper presents an explicit formula based on reparameterization technique for progressively computing a simple root of a smooth function,which may have wide applications in robotics,geomagnetic navigation,geometric processing and computer graphics.Comparing with Newton-like method,it can achieve convergence rate 2 by adding one more functional evaluation,improve the computational stability and ensure the convergence,and also obtain higher convergence rate and higher efficiency index.Compared with clipping methods for polynomials,it doesn't need to bound the polynomials,directly bound the roots and can also work well for non-polynomial functions with much higher computational efficiency.Comparing with previous progressive methods,it achieves a much higher computational efficiency and is extended to solve bivariate equation system.Numerical examples show its much better performance on approximation error,computational efficiency and computational stability.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0065)。
文摘In this paper,we study the generalized Dedekind Rademacher sums considered by Hall,Wilson and Zagier.We establish a new formula for the products of two Bernoulli functions by using Parseval's formula,Hurwitz's formula and Lerch's functional equation.As applications of the result,some well-known reciprocity formulas are deduced as special cases.
文摘In the references[4,11,12],the authors gave some modular forms overΓ^(0)(2).In this note,we proceed with the study of cancellation formulas relating to the modular forms.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:the Study on the Mechanism of Soufeng Yuchuan Formula in Regulating Airway Remodeling in Asthmatic Rats Based on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition(No. 82174438)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Soufeng Yuchuan(搜风愈喘, SFYC) formula alleviates asthma by promoting ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells. METHODS: A chronic asthma rat model was established using ovalbumin(OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide sensitization and OVA nebulization stimulation. Lung tissue pathology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Lung tissue ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione, and tissue ferrous ion content in rat lung tissues and cells were detected using commercial kits. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression levels of interleukin-13(IL-13) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in lung tissue. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression levels of transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), transferrin receptor 2(TFR2), acyl-Co A synthetase longchain family member 4(ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11). Cell proliferation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Intracellular lipid peroxidation was detected using a C11-BODIPY 581/591(C11-BODIPY) probe. RESULTS: SFYC formula effectively alleviates airway inflammation in asthmatic rats in a dose-dependent manner. It improves airway epithelial cell integrity, reduces alveolar wall thickening and expansion, inhibits goblet cell proliferation and mucus secretion, and decreases the expression of IL-6 and IL-13 in lung tissue, as well as the serum levels of IL-6, IL-13, interleukin-4(IL-4), and immunoglobulin E(Ig E). SFYC formula mitigates ferroptosis in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. At the cellular level, it promotes proliferation of rat airway epithelial cells, inhibits cell apoptosis, suppresses ROS, MDA, and lipid accumulation, reduces the expression of TFR1, TFR2, and ASCL4, and increases the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 to mitigate ferroptosis. CONCLUSION: SFYC formula alleviates asthma airway inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis in airway epithelial cells, providing new insights and potential therapeutic targets for the development of new asthma treatment drugs.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2202255)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024JJ2076)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo,China(No.2023Z092)。
文摘A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was systematically investigated.The strengthening mechanism and electrical conductivity of the alloy were discussed in detail.The optimal thermomechanical treatment process was as follows:solid solution→80%cold rolling→(450℃,4 h)aging→50%cold rolling→(400℃,4 h)aging.The designed alloy achieved excellent comprehensive properties with a microhardness of HV 260,a yield strength of 843 MPa,a tensile strength of 884 MPa,and an electrical conductivity of 42.6%(IACS).Compared to direct aging treatment,the designed alloy subjected to multi-stage thermomechanical treatment had refined grains,high density of dislocations,and accelerated of precipitation of(Ni,Co)_(2)Si precipitates.High strength was mainly attributed to the combined effect of dislocation strengthening,work hardening and sub-grain strengthening,while good electrical conductivity was maintained through the precipitation of the large number of nanoparticles.
基金supported by Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Program(No.202402AA310035)Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines(Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine)(No.2024JS2404)Research Foundation of Chuxiong Medical College(No.2024YYXM38).
文摘Background:Hua-Yi-Jie-Du formula(HYJD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven effective against viral pneumonia and was extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates how HYJD influences group 2 innate lymphoid cell(ILC2)and nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in a mouse model of viral pneumonia.Methods:A mouse model of viral pneumonia was established through the administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid(poly(I:C))via nasal drops.Histopathological analysis of lung tissue was conducted,alongside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Flow cytometry was employed to detect ILC2 cells in lung tissue and spleen,while immunofluorescence techniques were utilized to visualize ILC2 cells in lung tissue.Transcriptomic sequencing was performed,and the results were validated using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis.Results:HYJD significantly ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue,decreased mucus protein secretion,and reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Additionally,it lowered the expression of cytokines IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-25,thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),and IL-33 in BALF,and reduced the differentiation of ILC2 cells in both lung tissue and spleen.Transcriptomic analysis and experimental validation revealed that HYJD downregulated the expression of NLRP3 related genes and proteins within the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:The mechanism by which HYJD intervenes in acute lung injury associated with viral pneumonia may involve the reduction of ILC2 cells differentiation and the inhibition of NLRP3 activation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82430116 and 82574622)the Special Fund of Central Committee High Level Chinese Medicine Hospital(Nos.DZMG-LJRC-0014,DZMG-ZJXY-23013)+1 种基金Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation“Thousand Million”Talents Project(Qihuang Project 2021)Qihuang Scholarsthe Medical and Health Industry Development Project of Tongzhou District(2023).
文摘Chronic heart failure(CHF)impairs cognitive function.Xijiaqi Formula(XJQ),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used clinically to treat CHF,demonstrates potential for improving cognition in CHF patients.However,its precise mechanism in treating post-CHF cognitive dysfunction remains unclear.This study systematically investigates XJQ’s effects on post-CHF cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.The components of XJQ were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.CHF was induced in rats via ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,followed by six weeks of XJQ treatment.Cardiac function was evaluated through echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters,while cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze(MWM)and open field tests(OFT).XJQ treatment enhanced both cardiac and cognitive functions in CHF rats.Network pharmacology identified 12 core active components of XJQ and indicated its effect on cognitive dysfunction involved regulating synapses,inflammation,and phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4)-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling.XJQ inhibited microglial and astrocyte activation,decreased proinflammatory cytokines,and mitigated neuronal damage.Notably,XJQ promoted synaptic repair and dendritic growth by downregulating PDE4 and upregulating cAMP,protein kinase A(PKA),cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),PSD95,and synapsin I levels.Molecular docking and Bio-layer interferometry assays confirmed direct binding of quercetin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin,and darutoside to PDE4.In conclusion,XJQ alleviates neuroinflammation and enhances synaptic plasticity to improve cognitive dysfunction in CHF rats via the PDE4/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.These findings provide valuable insight into the heart-brain axis.
文摘BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,liver-soothing formulas are commonly prescribed for mood-related disorders,but their overall efficacy in perimenopausal anxiety and depression remains uncertain and requires verification through meta-analysis.AIM To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making and research,a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of liver-soothing formulas in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.METHODS Relevant studies published up to April 2025 were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library.Eligible studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were extracted and analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software.RESULTS After searching and screening,12 articles involving 1798 patients(922 in the treatment group and 876 in the control group)were included in the analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the standardized scores for anxiety[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.71,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.06 to-0.36]and depression(SMD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.06 to-0.27)of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group.Subgroup analysis results revealed that for anxiety,liver-soothing formulas used alone(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.50 to-0.18)or in combination(SMD=-0.88,95%CI:-1.43 to-0.34)both significantly reduced scores compared with the control group.For depression,monotherapy of liversoothing formulas showed no significant statistical difference between the treatment and control groups(SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-1.11 to 0.17),whereas combination therapy produced significantly lower standardized scale scores in the treatment group than in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(SMD=-0.83,95%CI:-1.39 to-0.28).Regarding Greene scores,no statistically significant difference was observed with monotherapy(SMD=0.87,95%CI:-0.32 to 2.06),whereas combination therapy had significantly lower Greene scores(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.04).No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the occurrence of adverse reactions(odds ratio=0.90,95%CI:0.57-1.43).However,liver-soothing formulas did not affect estrogen levels in perimenopausal women.CONCLUSION Compared with placebo,conventional Western medicine,or other interventions,the monotherapy of liver-soothing formulas demonstrates superior efficacy in treating perimenopausal anxiety.When used as an adjuvant,they exert a synergistic effect in alleviating negative emotions and improving overall perimenopausal symptoms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100700).
文摘Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic acid rapeseed oil)were analyzed and compared using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS).Distinct TAG profiles were identified by lipidomics,principal component analysis(PCA),and heatmap visualization.Human milk was characterized by a high abundance of medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols(MLCTs),saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated(SUU)-type TAGs(sn-2 palmitic acid).In contrast,plant oils lacked MLCTs and SUU-type TAGs,containing mainly TAGs esterified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.Breast milk contains about 27%MLCT,about 50%SUU-type triacylglycerols(which contain about 34%UPU-type triacylglycerols),which is significantly different from plant oils,structured fats and infant formulas.These findings provide a clear basis for optimizing the fat blend in infant formula to better mimic the unique TAG profile of human milk,thereby improving energy delivery and nutrient absorption for infants.
基金Supported by National Famous and Senior Chinese Medicine Expert Heritage Studio Construction Project:Zhi Nan Heritage Studio(No.75[2022])Beijing Municipal Key Traditional Chinese Medicine Specialty Development Project during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period(No.BJZKBC0029)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula(平肝育阴清热方,PGYYQR)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)through network pharmacology and in vivo validation.METHODS:A mouse model of MGD was induced using the stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 inhibitor,followed by PGYYQR treatment for 2 weeks.MGD sign scoring,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,oil red o(ORO)staining,and serum inflammatory cytokine analysis were conducted to assess the effects of PGYYQR on meibomian gland(MG)function,histopathology,and associated inflammation.Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active compounds and potential targets of PGYYQR.Molecular mechanisms were further investigated using Western blotting,reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)assays.RESULTS:PGYYQR treatment significantly reduced the scores of MG orifice obstruction and meibum quality in MGD mice.HE and ORO staining further demonstrated that PGYYQR ameliorated glandular damage and lipid dysfunction.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that PGYYQR markedly decreased the serum levels of key inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Network pharmacology identified 162 active compounds and 598 target genes in PGYYQR.Among these,IL-6,IL-1β,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 were recognized as core targets related to MGD and were mainly enriched in the IL-17/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Further molecular analyses confirmed that PGYYQR significantly inhibited the IL-17/NF-κB axis by downregulating IL-17 expression and reducing phosphorylated NF-κB p65 levels at both the protein and m RNA levels in MG tissues.PGYYQR also effectively reduced ROS levels in the conjunctival tissues of MGD mice.CONCLUSION:PGYYQR effectively improves MG function and preserves local tissue morphology in MGD model mice,primarily by suppressing the inflammatory response through coordinated modulation of the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway and oxidative stress.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province Project:To Investigate the Mechanism of Lianshi Jianpi Formula In Improving Impaired Glucose Tolerance via the Fibroblast Growth Factor 21-Mediated Adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinases Energy Metabolism Pathway(No. 2023J01841)ZHOU Guoying Fujian Province Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Workstation Construction Project(Min Zhong Yi[2023] No. 56)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the bioactive constituents,key targets,signalling pathways,and molecular mechanisms of Lianshi Jianpi formula(莲实健脾方,LSJPF)in the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)through network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vivo experiments.METHODS:The active ingredients and targets of LSJPF were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology and HERB databases,whereas the IGT-related targets were sourced from Gene Cards,Dis Ge NET,and Pub Med.The overlap analysis identified potential targets of LSJPF.Protein-protein interaction networks and core targets were evaluated using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape,and molecular docking confirmed the binding affinities.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape.The therapeutic mechanisms were validated in an animal IGT model.RESULTS:LSJPF contained 229 compounds,with 15 active compounds and 77 potential target proteins.The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(AKT)signalling pathway emerged as a key IGT pathway.The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the pivotal genes RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1),heat shock protein 90 k Da alpha B1,and B-cell lymphoma 2 family protein,which predominantly interact with beta-sitosterol and beta-carotene,the major constituents of Semen Euryales,Semen lablab Album,Semen sojae Atricolor in LSJPF.Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between LSJPF and IGT-related targets.In an animal IGT model,LSJPF treatment prevented weight loss;reduced food and water intake;decreased blood glucose levels;improved insulin resistance;decreased serum triglyceride,cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels;alleviated liver pathology;and significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK),PI3K,and AKT,suggesting its potential role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.CONCLUSIONS:These findings reveal the potential of LSJPF as an IGT intervention that targets the AMPK/PI3K/AKT cascade,validating network pharmacology predictions and highlighting the role of multipathway mechanisms in metabolic diseases.
基金supported by the Office of Naval Research (Grant No. N000141010778) to the University of Oklahomathe National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40930950,41075043,and 4092116037) to the Institute of Atmospheric Physicsprovided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement (No. NA17RJ1227),U.S. Department of Commerce
文摘The non-uniqueness of solution and compatibility between the coupled boundary conditions in computing velocity potential and streamfunction from horizontal velocity in a limited domain of arbitrary shape are revisited theoretically with rigorous mathematic treatments.Classic integral formulas and their variants are used to formulate solutions for the coupled problems.In the absence of data holes,the total solution is the sum of two integral solutions.One is the internally induced solution produced purely and uniquely by the domain internal divergence and vorticity,and its two components（velocity potential and streamfunction） can be constructed by applying Green＇s function for Poisson equation in unbounded domain to the divergence and vorticity inside the domain.The other is the externally induced solution produced purely but non-uniquely by the domain external divergence and vorticity,and the non-uniqueness is caused by the harmonic nature of the solution and the unknown divergence and vorticity distributions outside the domain.By setting either the velocity potential（or streamfunction） component to zero,the other component of the externally induced solution can be expressed by the imaginary（or real） part of the Cauchy integral constructed using the coupled boundary conditions and solvability conditions that exclude the internally induced solution.The streamfunction（or velocity potential） for the externally induced solution can also be expressed by the boundary integral of a double-layer（or singlelayer） density function.In the presence of data holes,the total solution includes a data-hole-induced solution in addition to the above internally and externally induced solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.81374011)
文摘In the present study, 28 Chinese medicinal herbs belonging to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes were selected to explore the application of network pharmacology in developing new Chinese herbal medicine formulae for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). These herbs have the highest appearance rate in the literature, and their compounds are listed. The human protein–protein interaction network and the T2DM disease protein interaction network were constructed. Then, the related algorithm for network topology was used to perform interventions on the interaction network of disease proteins and normal human proteins to test different Chinese herbal medicine compound combinations, according to the information on the interaction of compounds–targets in two databases, namely TarN et and the Medicinal Plants Database. Results of the intervention scores indicate that the method proposed in this study can provide new effective combinations of Chinese herbal medicines for T2DM. Network pharmacology can effectively promote the modernization and development of TCM.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities
文摘Let （M,g, e^-fdv） be a smooth metric measure space. In this paper, we con- sider two nonlinear weighted p-heat equations. Firstly, we derive a Li-Yau type gradient estimates for the positive solutions to the following nonlinear weighted p-heat equationand f is a smooth function on M under the assumptionthat the m-dimensional nonnegative Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature. Secondly, we show an entropy monotonicity formula with nonnegative m-dimensional Bakry-Emery Ricci curva- ture which is a generalization to the results of Kotschwar and Ni [9], Li [7].
基金the financial support from"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"(Grant No.2017XKQY052)
文摘To understand the mesoscopic mechanism of clayey soil in view of macroscopic behavior, it is essential to quantitatively calculate the electric double-layer repulsion between arbitrarily inclined clay particles.However, suitable calculation methods with high efficiency and accuracy are still rare at present in literature. Based on a great number of numerical calculations of the repulsion between two inclined platy clay particles, explicit empirical formulae for estimating electric double-layer repulsion between clay particles are put forward. Comparison between the empirical solutions and corresponding numerical results shows that the proposed formulae have a reasonable accuracy, and application of the presented formula is easy and efficient.
文摘AIM:To evaluate different standard liver volume (SLV) formula and verify the applicability of the formulae for Chinese adults.METHODS: Data from 70 cases of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) performed at our transplantation centers between January 2008 and April 2009 were analyzed. SLV was estimated using our recently reported formula [the Chengdu formula: SLV (mL)=11.5×body weight (kg) + 334] and other reported formulae used for Chinese adults. Actual intraoperative liver volumes were obtained from a review of the patients' medical records.RESULTS: The actual right liver volume was not significantly different from the estimated right liver volume determined by the Chengdu formula, but was significantly smaller than estimates using the Heinemann, Urata, Vauthey, and Lee formulae (P<0.01), and signif icantly larger than estimates using the Fan formula (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The Chengdu formula was demonstrated to be reliable by its application in LDLT.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20161278)
文摘In this paper, we made a new breakthrough, which proposes a new recursion–transform（RT） method with potential parameters to evaluate the nodal potential in arbitrary resistor networks. For the first time, we found the exact potential formulae of arbitrary m × n cobweb and fan networks by the RT method, and the potential formulae of infinite and semi-infinite networks are derived. As applications, a series of interesting corollaries of potential formulae are given by using the general formula, the equivalent resistance formula is deduced by using the potential formula, and we find a new trigonometric identity by comparing two equivalence results with different forms.
文摘Fifteen formulae of wave transmission coefficient for submerged breakwaters obtained during last 3 decades are presented, compared, and analyzed in this paper. The dimensionless parameters mainly involved in this discussion are the relative submerged depth Re/h, relative wave height Rc/Hi, relative rubble size B/D50, relative breakwater width B√ HiL0 and wave breaker index ξ. It indicates that there exist notable differences among the computed results, which mainly originate from the limited experimental conditions and different analytical methods, even though the major tendency keeps similar. It is necessary to conduct more systematic studies to obtain better understanding about the mechanism of wave transmission over submerged breakwaters.
基金Supported by NNSF and RFDP of Higher Education of China.
文摘Some quadrature formulae for the numerical evaluation of singular integrals of arbitrary order are established and both the estimate of remainder and the convergence of each quadrature formula derived here are also given.
