Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery ...Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.展开更多
Purpose We aimed to investigate the effects of running shoe longitudinal bending stiffness(LBS)and midsole energy return on running economy and ankle mechanics and energetics.Methods PubMed,Scopus,SPORTDiscus,Embase,C...Purpose We aimed to investigate the effects of running shoe longitudinal bending stiffness(LBS)and midsole energy return on running economy and ankle mechanics and energetics.Methods PubMed,Scopus,SPORTDiscus,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science were systematically searched for this meta-analysis.Crossover studies comparing the effects of running shoe LBS and/or midsole energy return on at least 1 of the following outcomes:running economy,ankle plantarflexion moment,work,power,or angular velocity were included.Results Of the 2453 studies screened,48 were included(n=878).Results indicated that advanced footwear technologies(AFTs)significantly reduced oxygen consumption(standardized mean difference=–0.44,95%confidence interval:–0.60 to–0.28),p<0.001)as well as peak ankle moments and positive/negative ankle work and power.However,neither LBS nor midsole energy return alone significantly affected oxygen consumption,ankle moments,positive and negative work,or positive power.The effects of AFTs were moderated by the training status and speed of the runner.The quality of evidence for all outcomes were low or very low for all outcomes except the effect of LBS on negative ankle work.Conclusion AFT may improve running economy by minimizing ankle moments,work,and power.The absence of significant independent effects of LBS and midsole energy return suggests that the benefits of AFTs arise from the interaction of these properties.Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms for improved running performance in AFTs.展开更多
The gear transmission system directly affects the operational performance of high-speed trains(HST).However,current research on gear transmission systems of HST often overlooks the effects of gear eccentricity and run...The gear transmission system directly affects the operational performance of high-speed trains(HST).However,current research on gear transmission systems of HST often overlooks the effects of gear eccentricity and running resistance,and the dynamic models of gear transmission system are not sufficiently comprehensive.This paper aims to establish an electromechanical coupling dynamic model of HST traction transmission system and study its electromechanical coupling vibration characteristics,in which the internal excitation factors such as gear eccentricity,time-varying meshing stiffness,backlash,meshing error,and external excitation factors such as electromagnetic torque and running resistance are stressed.The research results indicate that gear eccentricity and running resistance have a significant impact on the stability of the system,and gear eccentricity leads to intensified system vibration and decreased anti-interference ability.In addition,the characteristic frequency of gear eccentricity can be extracted from mechanical signals and current signals as a preliminary basis for eccentricity detection,and electrical signals can also be used to monitor changes in train running resistance in real time.The results of this study provide some useful insights into designing dynamic performance parameters for HST transmission systems and monitoring train operational states.展开更多
Urban environments offer a wealth of opportunities for residents to respite from their hectic life.Outdoor running or jogging becomes increasingly popular of an option.Impacts of urban environments on outdoor running,...Urban environments offer a wealth of opportunities for residents to respite from their hectic life.Outdoor running or jogging becomes increasingly popular of an option.Impacts of urban environments on outdoor running,despite some initial studies,remain underexplored.This study aims to establish an analytical framework that can holistically assess the urban environment on the healthy vitality of running.The proposed framework is applied to two modern Chinese cities,i.e.,Guangzhou and Shenzhen.We construct three interpretable random forest models to explore the non-linear relationship between environmental variables and running intensity(RI)through analyzing the runners'trajectories and integrating with multi-source urban big data(e.g.,street view imagery,remote sensing,and socio-economic data)across the built,natural,and social dimensions,The findings uncover that road density has the greatest impact on RI,and social variables(e.g.,population density and housing price)and natural variables(e.g.,slope and humidity)all make notable impact on outdoor running.Despite these findings,the impact of environmental variables likely change across different regions due to disparate regional construction and micro-environments,and those specific impacts as well as optimal thresholds also alter.Therefore,construction of healthy cities should take the whole urban environment into account and adapt to local conditions.This study provides a comprehensive evaluation on the influencing variables of healthy vitality and guides sustainable urban planning for creating running-friendly cities.展开更多
BACKGROUND Wound management is an essential part of emergency medicine practice.A good suture technique should deal a complex irregular traumatic wound without any complications of dehiscence/gaping,infection,delayed ...BACKGROUND Wound management is an essential part of emergency medicine practice.A good suture technique should deal a complex irregular traumatic wound without any complications of dehiscence/gaping,infection,delayed wound healing,frequent dressings and further stay in hospital.There is no ideal technique of suturing for any wound.In pursuit of the new techniques,we have introduced a new suturing technique called combined oblique and vertical everting running(COVER)stitch which has showed good healing with less complications.AIM To compare the outcomes between the COVER stitch and conventional suturing group.METHODS In this study,we included 40 cases which were divided into two groups.Group 1 patients were managed by COVER stitch,and group 2 patients underwent conventional suturing for their wounds.The outcomes were measured in terms of scar quality,suturing duration and length of suture material used,suturing related complications and suture removal time which were compared by t-test usingχ^(2) test.RESULTS Better results were seen in COVER stitch than the conventional suturing.COVER group had significantly better results in terms of time taken for suture,amount suture material used and time taken for suture removal compared to the conventional group.No wound related complications were seen in this group.Moreover,scar formed was also better in COVER group.CONCLUSION COVER stitch is another new technique which can be used to deal simple to complex wounds and it is an emerging idea with good healthy scars with less complications.展开更多
This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system.The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tigh...This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system.The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tightness levels during running.Mechanical tests were conducted using 16 weights,and various statistical analyses,including linear regression,Bland-Altman plots,coefficient of variation,and intraclass correlation coefficient,were performed to assess the system’s validity.Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study,and three conditions(loose,comfortable,and tight)were measured during an upright stance.The system utilized VICON motion systems,a Kistler force plate,and a Photoelectric gate speed measurement system.Results showed a linear relationship between voltage and load at the three sensors(R2≥0.9997).Bland-Altman plots demonstrated 95%prediction intervals within±1.96SD from zero for all sensors.The average coefficient of variation for each sensor was less than 0.38%.Intraclass correlation coefficient values were larger than 0.999(p<0.0001)for each sensor.The peak tension of the front shoelace was greater than that of the front and middle when the shoelace was loose and tight.The rear shoelace had the highest tension force.The study also found that shoelace tension varied throughout the gait cycle during running.Overall,this research provides a novel and validated method for measuring shoelace tensile stress,which has implications for developing automatic shoelace fastening systems.展开更多
The dynamic responses of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge and the running behaviors of trains on the bridge under turbulent wind actions are analyzed by a three-dimensional wind-train-bridge interaction model. This mode...The dynamic responses of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge and the running behaviors of trains on the bridge under turbulent wind actions are analyzed by a three-dimensional wind-train-bridge interaction model. This model consists of a spatial finite element bridge model, a train model composed of eight 4-axle identical coaches of 27 degrees-of-freedom, and a turbulent wind model. The fluctuating wind forces, including the buffeting forces and the self-excited forces, act on the bridge only, since the train runs inside the bridge deck. The dynamic responses of the bridge are calculated and some results are compared with data measured from Typhoon York. The runnability of the train passing through the Tsing Ma suspension bridge at different speeds is researched under turbulent winds with different wind velocities. Then, the threshold curve of wind velocity for ensuring the running safety of the train in the bridge deck is proposed, from which the allowable train speed at different wind velocities can be determined. The numerical results show that rail traffic on the Tsing Ma suspension bridge should be closed as the mean wind velocity reaches 30 m/s.展开更多
In order to determine the phytoplankton community composition, the modification and optimizing of the CHEMical TAXonomy（CHEMTAX） running was carried out through samples grouping, successive run and evaluate the resu...In order to determine the phytoplankton community composition, the modification and optimizing of the CHEMical TAXonomy（CHEMTAX） running was carried out through samples grouping, successive run and evaluate the results for HPLC-pigment samples in the South China Sea（SCS）. The vertical distribution of the ratio of pigment to total Chl a（TChl a） exhibited three different patterns, including increasing with depth pattern（e.g., But-Fuco）, decreasing with depth pattern（e.g., Zea） and increasing at deep chlorophyll maximum（DCM） pattern（e.g., Hex-Fuco）. The vertical profiles for Fuco/TChl a and Pras/TChl a was higher in coast than in the shelf and basin, and the Zea and Dv-Chl a expressed conversely. So the samples in the coastal stations must be separated for the cluster analysis group procedure in the SCS. Successive run was introduced into the CHEMTAX calculation and the output results were evaluated by the convergence of pigment/TChl a ratios. Most of the ratios were well converged at the fifth running, except Zea/TChl a for Prochlorococcus and Chl b/TChl a for prasinophytes and so on. To evaluate the fifth running＇s results, haptophytes_8 and chlorophytes were two phytoplankton groups with much uncertainty. But the fifth estimated value was better than running once was supported by the regression evidence between the measured pigment concentration and calculation values. Synechococcus was another component with much mutability, and the CHEMTAX＇s result should be compared to the flow cytometry＇s cell abundance.展开更多
基金supported by the NIH (R01NS103481, R01NS111776, and R01NS131489)Indiana Department of Health (ISDH58180)(all to WW)。
文摘Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.
基金supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)Investigator Grant Emerging Leadership Level 1(Grant No.2017012).
文摘Purpose We aimed to investigate the effects of running shoe longitudinal bending stiffness(LBS)and midsole energy return on running economy and ankle mechanics and energetics.Methods PubMed,Scopus,SPORTDiscus,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science were systematically searched for this meta-analysis.Crossover studies comparing the effects of running shoe LBS and/or midsole energy return on at least 1 of the following outcomes:running economy,ankle plantarflexion moment,work,power,or angular velocity were included.Results Of the 2453 studies screened,48 were included(n=878).Results indicated that advanced footwear technologies(AFTs)significantly reduced oxygen consumption(standardized mean difference=–0.44,95%confidence interval:–0.60 to–0.28),p<0.001)as well as peak ankle moments and positive/negative ankle work and power.However,neither LBS nor midsole energy return alone significantly affected oxygen consumption,ankle moments,positive and negative work,or positive power.The effects of AFTs were moderated by the training status and speed of the runner.The quality of evidence for all outcomes were low or very low for all outcomes except the effect of LBS on negative ankle work.Conclusion AFT may improve running economy by minimizing ankle moments,work,and power.The absence of significant independent effects of LBS and midsole energy return suggests that the benefits of AFTs arise from the interaction of these properties.Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms for improved running performance in AFTs.
基金supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2020YFH0080)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51475386)the National Basic Research Project of China(973 Program,Grant No.2015CB654801).
文摘The gear transmission system directly affects the operational performance of high-speed trains(HST).However,current research on gear transmission systems of HST often overlooks the effects of gear eccentricity and running resistance,and the dynamic models of gear transmission system are not sufficiently comprehensive.This paper aims to establish an electromechanical coupling dynamic model of HST traction transmission system and study its electromechanical coupling vibration characteristics,in which the internal excitation factors such as gear eccentricity,time-varying meshing stiffness,backlash,meshing error,and external excitation factors such as electromagnetic torque and running resistance are stressed.The research results indicate that gear eccentricity and running resistance have a significant impact on the stability of the system,and gear eccentricity leads to intensified system vibration and decreased anti-interference ability.In addition,the characteristic frequency of gear eccentricity can be extracted from mechanical signals and current signals as a preliminary basis for eccentricity detection,and electrical signals can also be used to monitor changes in train running resistance in real time.The results of this study provide some useful insights into designing dynamic performance parameters for HST transmission systems and monitoring train operational states.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171455The Hong Kong RGC Research Impact Fund,No.R5011-23The Hong Kong General Research Fund,No.15204121。
文摘Urban environments offer a wealth of opportunities for residents to respite from their hectic life.Outdoor running or jogging becomes increasingly popular of an option.Impacts of urban environments on outdoor running,despite some initial studies,remain underexplored.This study aims to establish an analytical framework that can holistically assess the urban environment on the healthy vitality of running.The proposed framework is applied to two modern Chinese cities,i.e.,Guangzhou and Shenzhen.We construct three interpretable random forest models to explore the non-linear relationship between environmental variables and running intensity(RI)through analyzing the runners'trajectories and integrating with multi-source urban big data(e.g.,street view imagery,remote sensing,and socio-economic data)across the built,natural,and social dimensions,The findings uncover that road density has the greatest impact on RI,and social variables(e.g.,population density and housing price)and natural variables(e.g.,slope and humidity)all make notable impact on outdoor running.Despite these findings,the impact of environmental variables likely change across different regions due to disparate regional construction and micro-environments,and those specific impacts as well as optimal thresholds also alter.Therefore,construction of healthy cities should take the whole urban environment into account and adapt to local conditions.This study provides a comprehensive evaluation on the influencing variables of healthy vitality and guides sustainable urban planning for creating running-friendly cities.
文摘BACKGROUND Wound management is an essential part of emergency medicine practice.A good suture technique should deal a complex irregular traumatic wound without any complications of dehiscence/gaping,infection,delayed wound healing,frequent dressings and further stay in hospital.There is no ideal technique of suturing for any wound.In pursuit of the new techniques,we have introduced a new suturing technique called combined oblique and vertical everting running(COVER)stitch which has showed good healing with less complications.AIM To compare the outcomes between the COVER stitch and conventional suturing group.METHODS In this study,we included 40 cases which were divided into two groups.Group 1 patients were managed by COVER stitch,and group 2 patients underwent conventional suturing for their wounds.The outcomes were measured in terms of scar quality,suturing duration and length of suture material used,suturing related complications and suture removal time which were compared by t-test usingχ^(2) test.RESULTS Better results were seen in COVER stitch than the conventional suturing.COVER group had significantly better results in terms of time taken for suture,amount suture material used and time taken for suture removal compared to the conventional group.No wound related complications were seen in this group.Moreover,scar formed was also better in COVER group.CONCLUSION COVER stitch is another new technique which can be used to deal simple to complex wounds and it is an emerging idea with good healthy scars with less complications.
文摘This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system.The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tightness levels during running.Mechanical tests were conducted using 16 weights,and various statistical analyses,including linear regression,Bland-Altman plots,coefficient of variation,and intraclass correlation coefficient,were performed to assess the system’s validity.Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study,and three conditions(loose,comfortable,and tight)were measured during an upright stance.The system utilized VICON motion systems,a Kistler force plate,and a Photoelectric gate speed measurement system.Results showed a linear relationship between voltage and load at the three sensors(R2≥0.9997).Bland-Altman plots demonstrated 95%prediction intervals within±1.96SD from zero for all sensors.The average coefficient of variation for each sensor was less than 0.38%.Intraclass correlation coefficient values were larger than 0.999(p<0.0001)for each sensor.The peak tension of the front shoelace was greater than that of the front and middle when the shoelace was loose and tight.The rear shoelace had the highest tension force.The study also found that shoelace tension varied throughout the gait cycle during running.Overall,this research provides a novel and validated method for measuring shoelace tensile stress,which has implications for developing automatic shoelace fastening systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.90715008, 50838006The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Under Grant No 2009JBM078
文摘The dynamic responses of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge and the running behaviors of trains on the bridge under turbulent wind actions are analyzed by a three-dimensional wind-train-bridge interaction model. This model consists of a spatial finite element bridge model, a train model composed of eight 4-axle identical coaches of 27 degrees-of-freedom, and a turbulent wind model. The fluctuating wind forces, including the buffeting forces and the self-excited forces, act on the bridge only, since the train runs inside the bridge deck. The dynamic responses of the bridge are calculated and some results are compared with data measured from Typhoon York. The runnability of the train passing through the Tsing Ma suspension bridge at different speeds is researched under turbulent winds with different wind velocities. Then, the threshold curve of wind velocity for ensuring the running safety of the train in the bridge deck is proposed, from which the allowable train speed at different wind velocities can be determined. The numerical results show that rail traffic on the Tsing Ma suspension bridge should be closed as the mean wind velocity reaches 30 m/s.
基金The National Nature Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40925018 and 41176112the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China under contract No.2009CB421203
文摘In order to determine the phytoplankton community composition, the modification and optimizing of the CHEMical TAXonomy（CHEMTAX） running was carried out through samples grouping, successive run and evaluate the results for HPLC-pigment samples in the South China Sea（SCS）. The vertical distribution of the ratio of pigment to total Chl a（TChl a） exhibited three different patterns, including increasing with depth pattern（e.g., But-Fuco）, decreasing with depth pattern（e.g., Zea） and increasing at deep chlorophyll maximum（DCM） pattern（e.g., Hex-Fuco）. The vertical profiles for Fuco/TChl a and Pras/TChl a was higher in coast than in the shelf and basin, and the Zea and Dv-Chl a expressed conversely. So the samples in the coastal stations must be separated for the cluster analysis group procedure in the SCS. Successive run was introduced into the CHEMTAX calculation and the output results were evaluated by the convergence of pigment/TChl a ratios. Most of the ratios were well converged at the fifth running, except Zea/TChl a for Prochlorococcus and Chl b/TChl a for prasinophytes and so on. To evaluate the fifth running＇s results, haptophytes_8 and chlorophytes were two phytoplankton groups with much uncertainty. But the fifth estimated value was better than running once was supported by the regression evidence between the measured pigment concentration and calculation values. Synechococcus was another component with much mutability, and the CHEMTAX＇s result should be compared to the flow cytometry＇s cell abundance.
