Shor's algorithm outperforms its classical counterpart in efficient prime factorization.We explore the coherence and entanglement dynamics of the evolved states within Shor's algorithm,showing that the coheren...Shor's algorithm outperforms its classical counterpart in efficient prime factorization.We explore the coherence and entanglement dynamics of the evolved states within Shor's algorithm,showing that the coherence in each step relies on the dimension of register or the order,and discuss the relations between geometric coherence and geometric entanglement.We investigate how unitary operators induce variations in coherence and entanglement,and analyze the variations of coherence and entanglement within the entire algorithm,demonstrating that the overall effect of Shor's algorithm tends to deplete coherence and produce entanglement.Our research not only deepens the understanding of this algorithm but also provides methodological references for studying resource dynamics in other quantum algorithms.展开更多
Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deteri...Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deterioration in cases of poor blood glucose regulation.Changes in vascular permeability are key trigger points for diabetic macular edema(DME),a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula.The development of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway inhibitors has provided a pathogenesis-based treatment approach for DME.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)provides highresolution imaging of the anatomy,including the aging of DME and its structural damage,in distinct morphologic subtypes of macular edema,thereby supporting the assessment of macular edema treatment.The availability of repeated OCT monitoring provides clinical reassurance through the treatment.OCT angiography(OCTA)provides retinal blood flow maps with high spatial resolution.The ability promotes an understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitates the implementation of new therapeutic methods.This review compares the potential of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of DME,as well as their respective therapeutic applications.展开更多
An alternative elliptical and circle air-hole-assisted Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber(PCF)was proposed for generating broadband high-coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum,and the dispersion,effect-ive mod...An alternative elliptical and circle air-hole-assisted Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber(PCF)was proposed for generating broadband high-coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum,and the dispersion,effect-ive mode area and nonlinear coefficient were investigated by using finite element method(FEM),the evolu-tion of optical pulses propagating along the fiber was simulated,and the supercontinuum and the coherence were analyzed and evaluated under different pumping conditions.The results show that a supercontinuum spectrum with a spectral width of 4.852μm can be obtained in the proposed fiber with d_(1)/Λof 0.125,d_(2)/Λof 0.583 and the zero-dispersion wavelength of 3.228μm by pumping with a Gaussian pulse with a peak power of 800 W and a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 20 fs at wavelength of 3.3μm.When the fiber is pumped by the pulse with the peak power of 2000 W,the FWHM of 80 fs at the wavelength of 4.0μm in the in the anomalous dispersion region,the modulation instability is obviously suppressed,and the high-coher-ence supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.1μm to 8.99μm is observed.A part of the pulse energy is transferred to the anomalous dispersion region when pumped at the wavelength of 2.8μm in the normal dis-persion region and a broadband high-coherence supercontinuum spectrum extending from 0.8μm to 9.8μm is generated in the 10 mm proposed fiber.This paper introduces elliptical air holes in the Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber,which enhances flexibility for tailoring the performance of supercontinuum,ultimately achieving the broadest supercontinuum spectrum with the shortest fiber length to date.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the convex roof measures of quantum coherence,with a focus on their superadditive properties.We propose sufficient conditions and establish a framework for coherence superadditivity in tri...In this paper,we investigate the convex roof measures of quantum coherence,with a focus on their superadditive properties.We propose sufficient conditions and establish a framework for coherence superadditivity in tripartite and multipartite systems.Through theoretical derivation,the relevant theorems are given.These results not only expand our understanding of the superadditivity of pure and mixed states but also characterize the conditions under which the superadditivity relations reach equality.Finally,the proposed methods and conclusions are verified through representative examples,providing new theoretical insights into the distribution of quantum coherence in multipartite systems.展开更多
Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effect...Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.Conventional imaging techniques,such as endoscopy and histopathology,provide valuable diagnostic information but cannot offer real-time assessment.We aim to explore the application of optical coherence tomography(OCT),combined with statistical and machine learning methods,for rapid tumor margin demarcation in gastrointestinal(GI)cancer tissues in exvivo.GI tumor specimens from 17 patients were imaged intraoperatively with OCT.Quantitative features were extracted from the images,and statistical and machine learning analyses were applied to distinguish tissue types.Subsequent histopathological evaluation was used as the reference standard for validation.The combination of OCT imaging and data-driven analysis enables clear differentiation between healthy,marginal and tumor tissues in near real-time.The KNN model achieved the highest classification accuracy(0.921±0.040),with SVM(0.906±0.038)and Extra Trees(0.901±0.034)also demonstrating robust performance in discriminating tissue margins.OCT findings demonstrate strong agreement with histopathology.Integrated with statistical and machine learning techniques,OCT enables rapid assessment of GI tumor margins.This approach provides quantitative objectivity and real-time feedback,closely approximating histopathological analysis and supporting improved surgical decision-making.展开更多
We developed a model of a quantum Otto engine using two coupled two-level atoms.Based on the platform,we show that frequency detuning and the coupling strength induced by dipoledipole interactions can lead to decohere...We developed a model of a quantum Otto engine using two coupled two-level atoms.Based on the platform,we show that frequency detuning and the coupling strength induced by dipoledipole interactions can lead to decoherence by disrupting coherent energy exchange.We focus on fundamental thermodynamic quantities,including heat absorption,release to heat baths,work done and efficiency.It is noteworthy that the interatomic coupling strength and frequency detuning do not merely affect the shape of the work and the efficiency but ultimately govern its quantitative magnitude.In the field of quantum thermodynamics,we have established an upper bound efficiency that is stricter than the Carnot limit.Moreover,our analysis confirms that quantum coherence enables the system to exceed the efficiency threshold of a classical Otto heat engine.The second law of thermodynamics holds all the while.Our results constitute a step forward in the design of conceptually new quantum thermodynamic devices which take advantage of uniquely quantum resources of quantum coherence.展开更多
Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatmen...Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatment.Traditionally,diagnosis relies on optical coherence tomography imaging technology interpreted by ophthalmologists.However,this manual image interpretation is often slow and subjective.Therefore,developing automated segmentation for macular edema images is essential to enhance to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy.Methods:In order to improve clinical diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,we proposed a SegNet network structure integrated with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM).This network introduces a multi-scale input module,the CBAM attention mechanism,and jump connection.The multi-scale input module enhances the network’s perceptual capabilities,while the lightweight CBAM effectively fuses relevant features across channels and spatial dimensions,allowing for better learning of varying information levels.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves an IoU of 80.127%and an accuracy of 99.162%.Compared to the traditional segmentation network,this model has fewer parameters,faster training and testing speed,and superior performance on semantic segmentation tasks,indicating its highly practical applicability.Conclusion:The C-SegNet proposed in this study enables accurate segmentation of Diabetic macular edema lesion images,which facilitates quicker diagnosis for healthcare professionals.展开更多
Female reproductive tract lesions are diverse,ranging from benign inflammation to malignant tumors,all of which seriously threaten women’s health.Early accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving prognosis.As the“go...Female reproductive tract lesions are diverse,ranging from benign inflammation to malignant tumors,all of which seriously threaten women’s health.Early accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving prognosis.As the“gold standard”for diagnosis,histopathological examination is difficult to meet the needs of clinical screening and dynamic monitoring due to limitations such as invasiveness and sampling restrictions.Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT),as a non-invasive,real-time,and high-resolution imaging technology,can clearly display the microstructure of biological tissues,known as“optical biopsy”,and shows promising application prospects in the diagnosis of female reproductive tract lesions.This article systematically reviews the basic principles of OCT technology,the research progress on the correlation between OCT image features and histological features in lesions of different parts of the female reproductive tract such as the cervix and endometrium,analyzes the diagnostic efficacy,advantages and limitations of OCT technology,and prospects its future development direction,aiming to provide a reference for the clinical application of OCT technology in the diagnosis of female reproductive tract diseases.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This o...AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.展开更多
Objective:The current pathological diagnosis of lymph node metastasis is time-consuming,labor-intensive,and dependent on sectioning of paraffin blocks.Herein,in a prospective cohort of patients with breast cancer,we v...Objective:The current pathological diagnosis of lymph node metastasis is time-consuming,labor-intensive,and dependent on sectioning of paraffin blocks.Herein,in a prospective cohort of patients with breast cancer,we validated dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography(D-FFOCT),a virtual pathology tool integrating deep learning for nodal metastasis detection,and offering rapid and label-free histologic approximations of fresh tissues.Methods:In a prospective dual-center cohort of 155 patients with breast cancer,747 freshly bisected lymph node slides were obtained via D-FFOCT.Surgeons interpreted each slide with histopathology as the gold standard.A deep learning model was trained on 28,911 patches(corresponding to 590 slides)and tested on 7,736 patches(corresponding to 157 slides).The results were mapped to the slide level for potential intraoperative evaluation.Results:D-FFOCT strongly correlated with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)-stained histological images.Surgeons achieved 97.10%specificity in nodal diagnosis with D-FFOCT.The performance of the artificial intelligence(AI)model was not inferior to that of human experts and had a sensitivity/specificity of 87.88%/91.94%and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.899 at the slide level.The human–AI collaborative system reduced labor requirements by 75%and increased the specificity by 6.5%,to 98.39%.Conclusions:D-FFOCT has excellent potential as a tool for assessing lymph node metastatic status without tissue preparation or consumption.The integration of D-FFOCT with deep learning decreases labor demands and maintains high accuracy,thereby enabling streamlined nodal prediction independent of routine pathology procedures.展开更多
The conventional optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)algorithm is implemented in the linear domain,which may lead to the neglect of weak blood flow information.Logarithmic transformation is widely used in si...The conventional optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)algorithm is implemented in the linear domain,which may lead to the neglect of weak blood flow information.Logarithmic transformation is widely used in signal analysis to improve the contrast of weak signals.However,decorrelation-based OCTA in the logarithmic domain is also sensitive to the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)even in high SNR regions,introducing strong flow artifacts that severely reduce the blood vessel contrast.A metric—static-to-dynamic ratio(SDR)—was used to quantify weak flow signals,and a weak flow model among decorrelation,SDR,and SNR was established.Based on this model,we proposed a log-scale inverse SDR-based OCTA method(logiSDR-OCTA),which simultaneously and effectively reduces SNR-induced flow artifacts in static regions and prevents the attenuation of the flow signal in dynamic regions.The in vivo imaging experiments demonstrated that the contrast of the mouse brain logiSDR images was 2.43 times that of linear-scale decorrelation images and 2.71 times that of log-scale subtraction images;the contrast of the human retina logiSDR images was 4.91 times that of linear-scale decorrelation images and 3.56 times that of log-scale subtraction images.展开更多
We develop an ultrafast Yb-fiber laser system based on eight-channel coherent beam combining utilizing commercially available rod-type Yb-fibers.To ensure good combining efficiency and long-term operation of the syste...We develop an ultrafast Yb-fiber laser system based on eight-channel coherent beam combining utilizing commercially available rod-type Yb-fibers.To ensure good combining efficiency and long-term operation of the system at the attosecond laser facility under construction,we fully stabilize the phase,group-delay,and beam-pointing of the eight fiber channels.Especially,we propose a novel multi-step hill climbing method to control both group-delay and beam-pointing.At a repetition rate of 1 MHz,this laser system delivers 270-fs pulses with 1.18-k W average power(1.18-m J pulse energy).The average-power instability of the laser system running for 12 hours is 0.32%.展开更多
A scheme is proposed based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with high phase sensitivity,utilizing a two-mode squeezed coherent state,generated by four-wave mixing,as input.The phase sensitivity of this scheme easily s...A scheme is proposed based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with high phase sensitivity,utilizing a two-mode squeezed coherent state,generated by four-wave mixing,as input.The phase sensitivity of this scheme easily surpasses the Heisenberg limit when intensity difference detection is applied.Under phase-matching conditions,the quantum Cramér-Rao bound significantly exceeds the Heisenberg limit.Additionally,the scheme exhibits robustness against photon loss.When compared with the modified SU(1,1)interferometer with two coherent state inputs,this approach demonstrates superior measurement sensitivity,evaluated through various detection methods and the quantum Cramér-Rao bound.This work holds potential applications in quantum metrology.展开更多
Single negatively charged nitrogen vacancy(NV-)centers in diamond have emerged as promising platforms for quantum information science,where long coherence times are essential for advancing quantum technologies.However...Single negatively charged nitrogen vacancy(NV-)centers in diamond have emerged as promising platforms for quantum information science,where long coherence times are essential for advancing quantum technologies.However,traditional fabrication methods often introduce lattice damage during the irradiation process used to create vacancies,significantly impairing the spin coherence properties of NV-centers.展开更多
Based on the first-order correlation function of light,we propose analogous optical coherent states(AOCSs)sourced by partially coherent beams,which can nondiffractively propagate with sinusoidal oscillation in the har...Based on the first-order correlation function of light,we propose analogous optical coherent states(AOCSs)sourced by partially coherent beams,which can nondiffractively propagate with sinusoidal oscillation in the harmonic potential when the nondiffraction propagation matching condition(NPMC)is met.Unlike the traditional quantum coherent state,the minimum uncertainty of AOCS is related to the coherence of light,and only when the NPMC is met,its uncertainty is the least.Furthermore,based on the mathematical similarity between the Schrödinger and the Helmholtz equations,we find that our proposed AOCSs correspond to the partially coherent steady states of the harmonic oscillator.Our research not only increases the understanding of the coherence of light and enriches the types of nondiffraction beams but also increases the understanding of the quantum coherence regulating the evolution of probability waves.展开更多
Optical coherence is a fundamental property of light,playing a key role in understanding interference,propagation,and light-matter interactions for both classical and quantum light.Measuring the coherence properties o...Optical coherence is a fundamental property of light,playing a key role in understanding interference,propagation,and light-matter interactions for both classical and quantum light.Measuring the coherence properties of an optical field is crucial for a wide range of applications.However,despite many proposed measurement schemes,significant challenges still remain.In this work,we present a protocol to measure the full-dimensional coherence properties of a partially coherent beam.The method is based on tomographing the complex coherent modes of the partially coherent field within its coherence time.Once the complex coherent modes are reconstructed,all coherence properties including field correlation and its higher-order correlations(e.g.,intensity correlation)can be recovered for beams that are either spatially uniformly or non-uniformly correlated.We perform a proof-of-principle experiment to measure the complex field correlation and intensity correlation of a structured partially coherent beam synthesized by random modes.Additionally,we discuss the application of full-dimensional complex coherence function tomography in coherence-based multi-cipher information security.The robustness of our system in complex environments is also evaluated.展开更多
Experimental validation of laser intensity is particularly important for the study of fundamental physics at extremely high intensities.However,reliable diagnosis of the focal spot and peak intensity faces huge challe...Experimental validation of laser intensity is particularly important for the study of fundamental physics at extremely high intensities.However,reliable diagnosis of the focal spot and peak intensity faces huge challenges.In this work,we demonstrate for the firs time that the coherent radiation farfiel patterns from laser–foil interactions can serve as an in situ,real-time,and easy-to-implement diagnostic for an ultraintense laser focus.The laser-driven electron sheets,curved by the spatially varying laser fiel and leaving the targets at nearly the speed of light,produce doughnut-shaped patterns depending on the shapes of the focal spot and the absolute laser intensities.Assisted by particle-in-cell simulations,we can achieve measurements of the intensity and the focal spot,and provide immediate feedback to optimize the focal spots for extremely high intensity.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT...AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.展开更多
The coherence time of an optically trapped neutral atom is a crucial parameter for quantum technologies.We found that optical dipole traps with higher-order spatial forms inherently offer lower decoherence rates compa...The coherence time of an optically trapped neutral atom is a crucial parameter for quantum technologies.We found that optical dipole traps with higher-order spatial forms inherently offer lower decoherence rates compared to those with lower-order spatial forms. We formulated the decoherence rate caused by the variance of the differential energy shift and photon jumping rate. Then, we constructed blue-detuned harmonic and quartic optical dipole traps, and experimentally investigated the coherence time of a trapped single cesium atom.Specifically, we demonstrated a significant improvement in the coherence time of a single atom by employing a quartic trap with the same characteristic trap potential and size as its harmonic counterpart—achieving an enhancement from 315 ms to 474 ms. The experimental results qualitatively verified our theory. Our approach provides a novel method to enhance the coherence time of optically trapped neutral atoms.展开更多
Public-key encryption is essential for secure communications,eliminating the need for pre-shared keys.However,traditional schemes such as RSA(Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)and elliptic curve cryptography rely on computational...Public-key encryption is essential for secure communications,eliminating the need for pre-shared keys.However,traditional schemes such as RSA(Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)and elliptic curve cryptography rely on computational complexity,making them increasingly susceptible to advances in computing power and algorithms.Physical-layer encryption,which leverages the intrinsic properties of physical systems,offers a promising alternative with security rooted in physics.Despite progress in this field,public-key encryption at the optical layer remains largely unexplored.Here,we propose a novel optical public-key encryption scheme based on partially coherent light sources.The cryptographic keys are encoded in the incoherent optical transmission matrix of an on-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer mesh,providing high complexity and resilience to computational attacks.We experimentally demonstrate encrypted image transmission over 40 km of optical fiber with high decryption fidelity and achieve a 10 Gbit/s optical encryption rate using a lithium niobate photonic chip.This represents the first implementation of public-key encryption at the physical optical layer.The approach offers key advantages in security,cost,energy efficiency,and compatibility with commercial optical communication systems.By integrating public-key encryption into photonic hardware,this work opens a new direction for secure and high-speed optical communications in next-generation networks.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12161056,12075159,12171044)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20232ACB211003)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z190005)the specific research fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province。
文摘Shor's algorithm outperforms its classical counterpart in efficient prime factorization.We explore the coherence and entanglement dynamics of the evolved states within Shor's algorithm,showing that the coherence in each step relies on the dimension of register or the order,and discuss the relations between geometric coherence and geometric entanglement.We investigate how unitary operators induce variations in coherence and entanglement,and analyze the variations of coherence and entanglement within the entire algorithm,demonstrating that the overall effect of Shor's algorithm tends to deplete coherence and produce entanglement.Our research not only deepens the understanding of this algorithm but also provides methodological references for studying resource dynamics in other quantum algorithms.
文摘Overt and harmful diabetes mellitus(DM)has detrimental effects on individuals and,by extension,the community.Among the microvascular DM complications is diabetic retinopathy(DR).DR may cause irreversible vision deterioration in cases of poor blood glucose regulation.Changes in vascular permeability are key trigger points for diabetic macular edema(DME),a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the macula.The development of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway inhibitors has provided a pathogenesis-based treatment approach for DME.Optical coherence tomography(OCT)provides highresolution imaging of the anatomy,including the aging of DME and its structural damage,in distinct morphologic subtypes of macular edema,thereby supporting the assessment of macular edema treatment.The availability of repeated OCT monitoring provides clinical reassurance through the treatment.OCT angiography(OCTA)provides retinal blood flow maps with high spatial resolution.The ability promotes an understanding of disease pathogenesis and facilitates the implementation of new therapeutic methods.This review compares the potential of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis and treatment of DME,as well as their respective therapeutic applications.
文摘An alternative elliptical and circle air-hole-assisted Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber(PCF)was proposed for generating broadband high-coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum,and the dispersion,effect-ive mode area and nonlinear coefficient were investigated by using finite element method(FEM),the evolu-tion of optical pulses propagating along the fiber was simulated,and the supercontinuum and the coherence were analyzed and evaluated under different pumping conditions.The results show that a supercontinuum spectrum with a spectral width of 4.852μm can be obtained in the proposed fiber with d_(1)/Λof 0.125,d_(2)/Λof 0.583 and the zero-dispersion wavelength of 3.228μm by pumping with a Gaussian pulse with a peak power of 800 W and a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 20 fs at wavelength of 3.3μm.When the fiber is pumped by the pulse with the peak power of 2000 W,the FWHM of 80 fs at the wavelength of 4.0μm in the in the anomalous dispersion region,the modulation instability is obviously suppressed,and the high-coher-ence supercontinuum spectrum spanning from 1.1μm to 8.99μm is observed.A part of the pulse energy is transferred to the anomalous dispersion region when pumped at the wavelength of 2.8μm in the normal dis-persion region and a broadband high-coherence supercontinuum spectrum extending from 0.8μm to 9.8μm is generated in the 10 mm proposed fiber.This paper introduces elliptical air holes in the Al_(0.24)Ga_(0.76)As photonic crystal fiber,which enhances flexibility for tailoring the performance of supercontinuum,ultimately achieving the broadest supercontinuum spectrum with the shortest fiber length to date.
基金supported by the NNSF of China(Grant No.12471427)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.4303088)。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the convex roof measures of quantum coherence,with a focus on their superadditive properties.We propose sufficient conditions and establish a framework for coherence superadditivity in tripartite and multipartite systems.Through theoretical derivation,the relevant theorems are given.These results not only expand our understanding of the superadditivity of pure and mixed states but also characterize the conditions under which the superadditivity relations reach equality.Finally,the proposed methods and conclusions are verified through representative examples,providing new theoretical insights into the distribution of quantum coherence in multipartite systems.
基金supported by the financial support received from the Indian Council of Medical Research-Department of Health Research(ICMRDHR-CoE-5/3/8/5/2019/I-MDMS)Medical Device and Diagnostics Mission Secretariat(MDMS)and Foundation for Centre for Healthcare Entrepreneurship(CfHE).
文摘Gastric cancer,including stomach tumors,poses significant health challenges due to late-stage diagnosis and limited early detection methods.Accurate imaging and precise tumor margin demarcation are critical for effective treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.Conventional imaging techniques,such as endoscopy and histopathology,provide valuable diagnostic information but cannot offer real-time assessment.We aim to explore the application of optical coherence tomography(OCT),combined with statistical and machine learning methods,for rapid tumor margin demarcation in gastrointestinal(GI)cancer tissues in exvivo.GI tumor specimens from 17 patients were imaged intraoperatively with OCT.Quantitative features were extracted from the images,and statistical and machine learning analyses were applied to distinguish tissue types.Subsequent histopathological evaluation was used as the reference standard for validation.The combination of OCT imaging and data-driven analysis enables clear differentiation between healthy,marginal and tumor tissues in near real-time.The KNN model achieved the highest classification accuracy(0.921±0.040),with SVM(0.906±0.038)and Extra Trees(0.901±0.034)also demonstrating robust performance in discriminating tissue margins.OCT findings demonstrate strong agreement with histopathology.Integrated with statistical and machine learning techniques,OCT enables rapid assessment of GI tumor margins.This approach provides quantitative objectivity and real-time feedback,closely approximating histopathological analysis and supporting improved surgical decision-making.
基金supported by University-Industry Collaborative Education Program(Project No.220506627183928)。
文摘We developed a model of a quantum Otto engine using two coupled two-level atoms.Based on the platform,we show that frequency detuning and the coupling strength induced by dipoledipole interactions can lead to decoherence by disrupting coherent energy exchange.We focus on fundamental thermodynamic quantities,including heat absorption,release to heat baths,work done and efficiency.It is noteworthy that the interatomic coupling strength and frequency detuning do not merely affect the shape of the work and the efficiency but ultimately govern its quantitative magnitude.In the field of quantum thermodynamics,we have established an upper bound efficiency that is stricter than the Carnot limit.Moreover,our analysis confirms that quantum coherence enables the system to exceed the efficiency threshold of a classical Otto heat engine.The second law of thermodynamics holds all the while.Our results constitute a step forward in the design of conceptually new quantum thermodynamic devices which take advantage of uniquely quantum resources of quantum coherence.
基金supported by the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 2024 Higher Education Research Projects(GKP202403,GMP202402)the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Programs(Grant No.202504302033,202504302034,202504302036,and 202504302244).
文摘Background:Diabetic macular edema is a prevalent retinal condition and a leading cause of visual impairment among diabetic patients’Early detection of affected areas is beneficial for effective diagnosis and treatment.Traditionally,diagnosis relies on optical coherence tomography imaging technology interpreted by ophthalmologists.However,this manual image interpretation is often slow and subjective.Therefore,developing automated segmentation for macular edema images is essential to enhance to improve the diagnosis efficiency and accuracy.Methods:In order to improve clinical diagnostic efficiency and accuracy,we proposed a SegNet network structure integrated with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM).This network introduces a multi-scale input module,the CBAM attention mechanism,and jump connection.The multi-scale input module enhances the network’s perceptual capabilities,while the lightweight CBAM effectively fuses relevant features across channels and spatial dimensions,allowing for better learning of varying information levels.Results:Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves an IoU of 80.127%and an accuracy of 99.162%.Compared to the traditional segmentation network,this model has fewer parameters,faster training and testing speed,and superior performance on semantic segmentation tasks,indicating its highly practical applicability.Conclusion:The C-SegNet proposed in this study enables accurate segmentation of Diabetic macular edema lesion images,which facilitates quicker diagnosis for healthcare professionals.
基金2022 University-Level Scientific Research Project(Project No.:KJ2022-19)Innovation Project for Undergraduate Students in 2025(Project No.:bkcx2025035)。
文摘Female reproductive tract lesions are diverse,ranging from benign inflammation to malignant tumors,all of which seriously threaten women’s health.Early accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving prognosis.As the“gold standard”for diagnosis,histopathological examination is difficult to meet the needs of clinical screening and dynamic monitoring due to limitations such as invasiveness and sampling restrictions.Optical Coherence Tomography(OCT),as a non-invasive,real-time,and high-resolution imaging technology,can clearly display the microstructure of biological tissues,known as“optical biopsy”,and shows promising application prospects in the diagnosis of female reproductive tract lesions.This article systematically reviews the basic principles of OCT technology,the research progress on the correlation between OCT image features and histological features in lesions of different parts of the female reproductive tract such as the cervix and endometrium,analyzes the diagnostic efficacy,advantages and limitations of OCT technology,and prospects its future development direction,aiming to provide a reference for the clinical application of OCT technology in the diagnosis of female reproductive tract diseases.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC3405303)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.7242281 and 7244427)Research and Development Fund of Peking University People’s Hospital(Grant No.RDZH2024-03 and RDEB2025-25).
文摘Objective:The current pathological diagnosis of lymph node metastasis is time-consuming,labor-intensive,and dependent on sectioning of paraffin blocks.Herein,in a prospective cohort of patients with breast cancer,we validated dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography(D-FFOCT),a virtual pathology tool integrating deep learning for nodal metastasis detection,and offering rapid and label-free histologic approximations of fresh tissues.Methods:In a prospective dual-center cohort of 155 patients with breast cancer,747 freshly bisected lymph node slides were obtained via D-FFOCT.Surgeons interpreted each slide with histopathology as the gold standard.A deep learning model was trained on 28,911 patches(corresponding to 590 slides)and tested on 7,736 patches(corresponding to 157 slides).The results were mapped to the slide level for potential intraoperative evaluation.Results:D-FFOCT strongly correlated with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)-stained histological images.Surgeons achieved 97.10%specificity in nodal diagnosis with D-FFOCT.The performance of the artificial intelligence(AI)model was not inferior to that of human experts and had a sensitivity/specificity of 87.88%/91.94%and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.899 at the slide level.The human–AI collaborative system reduced labor requirements by 75%and increased the specificity by 6.5%,to 98.39%.Conclusions:D-FFOCT has excellent potential as a tool for assessing lymph node metastatic status without tissue preparation or consumption.The integration of D-FFOCT with deep learning decreases labor demands and maintains high accuracy,thereby enabling streamlined nodal prediction independent of routine pathology procedures.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFF0700503,2022YFC2404201,and 2021YFF0700700)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20240024 and BK20220263)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy(Grant No.XDB1020000)the Suzhou Pilot Program for Basic Research(Grant No.SSD2023018)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y2023087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62075235)。
文摘The conventional optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)algorithm is implemented in the linear domain,which may lead to the neglect of weak blood flow information.Logarithmic transformation is widely used in signal analysis to improve the contrast of weak signals.However,decorrelation-based OCTA in the logarithmic domain is also sensitive to the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)even in high SNR regions,introducing strong flow artifacts that severely reduce the blood vessel contrast.A metric—static-to-dynamic ratio(SDR)—was used to quantify weak flow signals,and a weak flow model among decorrelation,SDR,and SNR was established.Based on this model,we proposed a log-scale inverse SDR-based OCTA method(logiSDR-OCTA),which simultaneously and effectively reduces SNR-induced flow artifacts in static regions and prevents the attenuation of the flow signal in dynamic regions.The in vivo imaging experiments demonstrated that the contrast of the mouse brain logiSDR images was 2.43 times that of linear-scale decorrelation images and 2.71 times that of log-scale subtraction images;the contrast of the human retina logiSDR images was 4.91 times that of linear-scale decorrelation images and 3.56 times that of log-scale subtraction images.
基金Project supported by the Key Deployment Special Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.PTYQ2022YZ0001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62175255 and 62227822)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3602602)。
文摘We develop an ultrafast Yb-fiber laser system based on eight-channel coherent beam combining utilizing commercially available rod-type Yb-fibers.To ensure good combining efficiency and long-term operation of the system at the attosecond laser facility under construction,we fully stabilize the phase,group-delay,and beam-pointing of the eight fiber channels.Especially,we propose a novel multi-step hill climbing method to control both group-delay and beam-pointing.At a repetition rate of 1 MHz,this laser system delivers 270-fs pulses with 1.18-k W average power(1.18-m J pulse energy).The average-power instability of the laser system running for 12 hours is 0.32%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12104190,12104189,12204312)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20210874)+2 种基金General project of Natural Science Research in Colleges And Universities of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.20KJB140008)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.20224BAB211014 and 20232BAB201042)Key Laboratory of Tian Qin Project(Sun Yat-sen University)。
文摘A scheme is proposed based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with high phase sensitivity,utilizing a two-mode squeezed coherent state,generated by four-wave mixing,as input.The phase sensitivity of this scheme easily surpasses the Heisenberg limit when intensity difference detection is applied.Under phase-matching conditions,the quantum Cramér-Rao bound significantly exceeds the Heisenberg limit.Additionally,the scheme exhibits robustness against photon loss.When compared with the modified SU(1,1)interferometer with two coherent state inputs,this approach demonstrates superior measurement sensitivity,evaluated through various detection methods and the quantum Cramér-Rao bound.This work holds potential applications in quantum metrology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.112374012 and 11974208)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2023JQ001 and tsqn202211128)。
文摘Single negatively charged nitrogen vacancy(NV-)centers in diamond have emerged as promising platforms for quantum information science,where long coherence times are essential for advancing quantum technologies.However,traditional fabrication methods often introduce lattice damage during the irradiation process used to create vacancies,significantly impairing the spin coherence properties of NV-centers.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.2022YFC2808203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474254 and 11804298).
文摘Based on the first-order correlation function of light,we propose analogous optical coherent states(AOCSs)sourced by partially coherent beams,which can nondiffractively propagate with sinusoidal oscillation in the harmonic potential when the nondiffraction propagation matching condition(NPMC)is met.Unlike the traditional quantum coherent state,the minimum uncertainty of AOCS is related to the coherence of light,and only when the NPMC is met,its uncertainty is the least.Furthermore,based on the mathematical similarity between the Schrödinger and the Helmholtz equations,we find that our proposed AOCSs correspond to the partially coherent steady states of the harmonic oscillator.Our research not only increases the understanding of the coherence of light and enriches the types of nondiffraction beams but also increases the understanding of the quantum coherence regulating the evolution of probability waves.
基金supports from the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2022YFA1404800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12404348,12347114,12274311,12274310,12192254,92250304,W2441005)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M752311)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2023ZB185).
文摘Optical coherence is a fundamental property of light,playing a key role in understanding interference,propagation,and light-matter interactions for both classical and quantum light.Measuring the coherence properties of an optical field is crucial for a wide range of applications.However,despite many proposed measurement schemes,significant challenges still remain.In this work,we present a protocol to measure the full-dimensional coherence properties of a partially coherent beam.The method is based on tomographing the complex coherent modes of the partially coherent field within its coherence time.Once the complex coherent modes are reconstructed,all coherence properties including field correlation and its higher-order correlations(e.g.,intensity correlation)can be recovered for beams that are either spatially uniformly or non-uniformly correlated.We perform a proof-of-principle experiment to measure the complex field correlation and intensity correlation of a structured partially coherent beam synthesized by random modes.Additionally,we discuss the application of full-dimensional complex coherence function tomography in coherence-based multi-cipher information security.The robustness of our system in complex environments is also evaluated.
基金supported by the Guangdong High Level Innovation Research Institute(Grant No.2021B0909050006)the National Grand Instrument Project(Grant No.2019YFF01014402)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12205008)support from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.12225501)。
文摘Experimental validation of laser intensity is particularly important for the study of fundamental physics at extremely high intensities.However,reliable diagnosis of the focal spot and peak intensity faces huge challenges.In this work,we demonstrate for the firs time that the coherent radiation farfiel patterns from laser–foil interactions can serve as an in situ,real-time,and easy-to-implement diagnostic for an ultraintense laser focus.The laser-driven electron sheets,curved by the spatially varying laser fiel and leaving the targets at nearly the speed of light,produce doughnut-shaped patterns depending on the shapes of the focal spot and the absolute laser intensities.Assisted by particle-in-cell simulations,we can achieve measurements of the intensity and the focal spot,and provide immediate feedback to optimize the focal spots for extremely high intensity.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the choroidopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography(EDI SD-OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).METHODS:A total of 74 patients with SLE and 40 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.SLE patients were further divided into three subgroups based on clinical and blood biochemistry findings.Ocular parameters obtained on ophthalmologic examination and optical imaging(EDI SD-OCT and OCTA)included the best corrected distance visual acuity(logMAR CDVA),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),choroidal vascularity index(CVI)and vessel density(VD)of superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP).RESULTS:SLE patients had significantly lower values for CVI and VD of DCP(DVD)than control subjects.Amongst SLE patients,gender and chloroquine dose were found to be independent determinants of CVI while age predicted SCT.Steroid dose was a significant predictor for foveal VD of SCP(SVD),chloroquine dose for parafoveal SVD,gender for total DVD,and gender and steroid dose for perifoveal DVD.No correlation of logMAR CDVA and SCT was noted between SLE patients and control subjects.No correlation of SCT was noted with disease duration,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)score,hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)dose or steroid dose.No correlation of CVI was noted with patient age,disease duration,SLEDAI score,HCQ dose or steroid dose.No significant difference was noted between SLE subgroups in terms of any of the ocular parameters studied.CONCLUSION:The findings reveal the presence of ocular findings suggestive of early onset choroidopathy on EDI SD-OCT and OCTA in SLE patients,in the absence of ocular manifestations or active disease.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2021YFA1402002)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2023ZD0300400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.U21A6006,U21A20433,92465201,12474360,and 92265108)。
文摘The coherence time of an optically trapped neutral atom is a crucial parameter for quantum technologies.We found that optical dipole traps with higher-order spatial forms inherently offer lower decoherence rates compared to those with lower-order spatial forms. We formulated the decoherence rate caused by the variance of the differential energy shift and photon jumping rate. Then, we constructed blue-detuned harmonic and quartic optical dipole traps, and experimentally investigated the coherence time of a trapped single cesium atom.Specifically, we demonstrated a significant improvement in the coherence time of a single atom by employing a quartic trap with the same characteristic trap potential and size as its harmonic counterpart—achieving an enhancement from 315 ms to 474 ms. The experimental results qualitatively verified our theory. Our approach provides a novel method to enhance the coherence time of optically trapped neutral atoms.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.National Natural Science Foundation of China(62425504,U21A20511,62275088).
文摘Public-key encryption is essential for secure communications,eliminating the need for pre-shared keys.However,traditional schemes such as RSA(Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)and elliptic curve cryptography rely on computational complexity,making them increasingly susceptible to advances in computing power and algorithms.Physical-layer encryption,which leverages the intrinsic properties of physical systems,offers a promising alternative with security rooted in physics.Despite progress in this field,public-key encryption at the optical layer remains largely unexplored.Here,we propose a novel optical public-key encryption scheme based on partially coherent light sources.The cryptographic keys are encoded in the incoherent optical transmission matrix of an on-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer mesh,providing high complexity and resilience to computational attacks.We experimentally demonstrate encrypted image transmission over 40 km of optical fiber with high decryption fidelity and achieve a 10 Gbit/s optical encryption rate using a lithium niobate photonic chip.This represents the first implementation of public-key encryption at the physical optical layer.The approach offers key advantages in security,cost,energy efficiency,and compatibility with commercial optical communication systems.By integrating public-key encryption into photonic hardware,this work opens a new direction for secure and high-speed optical communications in next-generation networks.
