一、作为哲学的AI for Process(一)郭为的哲学思想1.郭为是谁郭为是谁?他是一位哲学家。顺便说,他同时还领导着神州数码。为什么说郭为是哲学家呢?因为他在著作中谈到高深的哲学,如“数据如水,奔流不息,无界融合”。他引述古希腊哲学家...一、作为哲学的AI for Process(一)郭为的哲学思想1.郭为是谁郭为是谁?他是一位哲学家。顺便说,他同时还领导着神州数码。为什么说郭为是哲学家呢?因为他在著作中谈到高深的哲学,如“数据如水,奔流不息,无界融合”。他引述古希腊哲学家赫拉克利特所说的“万物流转”,又说“你不能两次踏进同一条河流,因为新的水不断地流过你的身旁”,他所表达的意思是“世界上唯一不变的就是变化”。展开更多
Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural...Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural safeguard.The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is a key region involved in pain regulation,and recent approaches using transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)to target the DLPFC have shown potential for modulating pain processing and restoring normal pain perception for individuals engaging in NSSI behaviours.Aims This study aimed to explore the immediate and short-term effects of a single session of tDCS on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI,as well as its secondary effects on mood and NSSI-related factors.Methods In this randomised,double-blind,parallel,sham-controlled clinical trial,participants with a history of NSSI were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS.The intervention consisted of a single 20 min tDCS session targeting the left DLPFC.The primary outcome was pain sensitivity,measured by the pressure pain threshold(PPT)and heat pain score(HPS).Secondary and additional outcomes included NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI,mood-related variables and exploratory cognitive-affective processes such as rumination,self-criticism and self-perceived pain sensitivity,assessed at baseline,immediately post-intervention,and at 24 hours,1 week and 2 weeks follow-ups.Results For the primary outcomes,no significant differences between groups were observed for pain sensitivity(PPT,padj=0.812;HPS,padj=0.608).However,an exploratory sensitivity analysis treating each trial as an individual observation revealed a significant effect on HPS(padj=0.036).For the secondary and additional outcomes,although there were initial improvements in joyful feelings and reductions in negative affect at 2 weeks post-intervention,these effects did not remain significant after multiple comparison corrections.Notably,reductions in rumination were statistically significant at both 1-week and 2-week follow-ups(1 week,p_(adj)=0.040;2 weeks,p_(adj)=0.042).There were no significant effects on NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI or self-criticism.Conclusions A single session of tDCS over the left DLPFC did not produce significant changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI.A sensitivity analysis indicated an effect on heat pain sensitivity,possibly reflecting changes in brain activity,warranting confirmation through neuroimaging.These findings suggest that tDCS warrants further investigation for its potential to influence pain-related cognitive-affective processes in individuals with NSSI.展开更多
This paper introduces a computational cognitive architecture that serves as a comprehensive computational theory of the human mind,from cognitive science and computational psychology.The cognitive architecture(named C...This paper introduces a computational cognitive architecture that serves as a comprehensive computational theory of the human mind,from cognitive science and computational psychology.The cognitive architecture(named Clarion)has been justified by,and validated against,psychological data,findings,and theoretical constructs.One important theoretical background for it is the dual-process theories,which led to its overall two-level structuring in a hybrid neuro-symbolic way.Furthermore,given the recent advances in AI and computing technology,LLMs are being incorporated into the model to better capture human intuition and instinct(and implicit processes in general),in order to further enhance Clarion.Integrating Clarion and LLMs can also help to develop AI systems that are more capable,more reliable,and more human-like.Overall,the paper advocates a multidisciplinary approach towards developing better models for cognitive science and for AI.展开更多
The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurode...The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function.展开更多
English reading proficiency is essential for university students in a globalized academic environment,yet many L2 learners encounter challenges,such as limited vocabulary,complex syntax,and unclear text organization,l...English reading proficiency is essential for university students in a globalized academic environment,yet many L2 learners encounter challenges,such as limited vocabulary,complex syntax,and unclear text organization,leading to cognitive overload.Grounded in the Cognitive Load Theory(CLT),this study examines the role of the Chunking Reading Processing Strategy-which integrates fragmented linguistic information into meaningful units at lexical,syntactic,and discourse levels-in alleviating cognitive load and improving reading comprehension.Through a mixed-methods approach,the research investigates how learners at different proficiency levels perceive and apply the chunking strategy,and how such application relates to cognitive load management.The results indicate that higher-proficiency learners employ chunking more frequently and report greater benefits,whereas lower-proficiency learners depend more on instructional support.The study confirms the theoretical and pedagogical value of chunk-based reading instruction and suggests that differentiated,cognitively informed teaching of the chunking strategy can enhance both reading efficiency and strategic awareness among L2 learners.展开更多
Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim ...Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of significant,novel,and high-impact research in the fields of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.展开更多
The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF...The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF)argon plasma,and the temperatures were measured using a DPV-2000 monitor.A model combining the electromagnetism,thermal flow,and heat transfer characteristics of powder during in-flight heating in argon plasma was proposed.The melting processes of CeO_(2)powders of different diameters,with and without thermal resistance effect,were investigated.Results show that the heating process of CeO_(2)powder particles consists of three main stages,one of which is relevant to a dimensionless parameter known as the Biot number.When the Biot value≥0.1,thermal resistance increases significantly,especially for the larger powders.The predicted temperature of the particles at the outlet(1800–2880 K)is in good agreement with the experimental result.展开更多
The hot compression deformation behavior of Mg-6Zn-1Mn-0.5Ca(ZM61-0.5Ca)and Mg-6Zn-1Mn-2Sn-0.5Ca(ZMT612-0.5Ca)alloys was investigated at deformation temperatures ranging from 250℃to 400℃and strain rates varying from...The hot compression deformation behavior of Mg-6Zn-1Mn-0.5Ca(ZM61-0.5Ca)and Mg-6Zn-1Mn-2Sn-0.5Ca(ZMT612-0.5Ca)alloys was investigated at deformation temperatures ranging from 250℃to 400℃and strain rates varying from 0.001 s^(-1) to 1 s^(-1).The results show that the addition of Sn promotes dynamic recrystallization(DRX),and CaMgSn phases can act as nucleation sites during the compression deformation.Flow stress increases with increasing the strain rate and decreasing the temperature.Both the ZM61-0.5Ca and ZMT612-0.5Ca alloys exhibit obvious DRX characteristics.CaMgSn phases can effectively inhibit dislocation motion with the addition of Sn,thus increasing the peak fl ow stress of the alloy.The addition of Sn increases the hot deformation activation energy of the ZM61-0.5Ca alloy from 199.654 kJ/mol to 276.649 kJ/mol,thus improving the thermal stability of the alloy.For the ZMT612-0.5Ca alloy,the optimal hot deformation parameters are determined to be a deformation temperature range of 350–400℃and a strain rate range of 0.001–0.01 s^(-1).展开更多
The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It ha...The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It has been suggested that the size of the brain(brain reserve) and the extent of neural connections acquired through life(neural reserve) set a threshold beyond which noticeable impairments occur.In contrast,cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reo rganize stru cturally and functionally to resist damage and maintain function,including neural reserve and brain maintenance,resilience,and compensation(Verkhratsky and Zorec,2024).展开更多
Challenges in the prevention and treatment of mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease:Increased life expectancy due to advancements in medical care has given rise to an aging population,accom...Challenges in the prevention and treatment of mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease:Increased life expectancy due to advancements in medical care has given rise to an aging population,accompanied by a surge in the incidence of incurable neurodegenerative diseases(NDDs).These diseases primarily affect the cognitive and behavioral functions of older adults by impacting brain activity.Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a neurodegenerative condition that affects a significant portion of the population.展开更多
Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durabili...Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durability,and corrosion resistance.These metals have body-centered cubic crystal structure,characterized by limited slip systems and impeded dislocation motion,resulting in significant low-temperature brittleness,which poses challenges for the conventional processing.Additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative approach,enabling the production of intricate parts without molds,which significantly improves the efficiency of material usage.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in additive manufacturing techniques for the production of refractory metals,such as W,Ta,Mo,and Nb,particularly the laser powder bed fusion.In this review,the influence mechanisms of key process parameters(laser power,scan strategy,and powder characteristics)on the evolution of material microstructure,the formation of metallurgical defects,and mechanical properties were discussed.Generally,optimizing powder characteristics,such as sphericity,implementing substrate preheating,and formulating alloying strategies can significantly improve the densification and crack resistance of manufactured parts.Meanwhile,strictly controlling the oxygen impurity content and optimizing the energy density input are also the key factors to achieve the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility of refractory metals.Although additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative solution for processing refractory metals,critical issues,such as residual stress control,microstructure and performance anisotropy,and process stability,still need to be addressed.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the additive manufacturing of high-performance refractory metals,but also proposes forward-looking directions for their industrial application.展开更多
Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim ...Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of signifi cant,novel,and high-impact research in the fi elds of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.展开更多
Multivitamins were widely used health supplements that replenished essential nutrients in the human body.Despite their popularity,the impact of multivitamins on the cognitive function of older adults remained unclear ...Multivitamins were widely used health supplements that replenished essential nutrients in the human body.Despite their popularity,the impact of multivitamins on the cognitive function of older adults remained unclear and contentious.This study offered a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of research published until June 2024,analyzing the effects of multivitamins on various cognitive functions in individuals aged 65 and older.We included ten randomized controlled trials encompassing 13,600 participants from multiple databases.These studies evaluated the impact of multivitamins on reasoning,memory,learning,visual perception,idea production,cognitive speed,psychomotor abilities,and higher cognitive functions.Our meta-analysis revealed that multivitamins significantly enhanced delayed free recall (standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.09,95%confidence interval(CI)=[0.05,0.13],P<0.0001).However,they had no substantial effects on immediate free recall(SMD=0.85,95%CI=[-0.18,1.90],P=0.11),idea production(SMD=0.00,95%CI=[-0.04,0.03],P=0.86),or cognitive speed(SMD=0.34,95%CI=[-0.07,0.74],P=0.11).Thus,while multivitamins facilitated delayed free recall,they did not significantly improve other cognitive functions in older adults.展开更多
Digital twin technology brings more opportunities and challenges to chemical engineering in both academic and industry.A complex process could have multiple digitalization needs,including simulation,monitoring,operato...Digital twin technology brings more opportunities and challenges to chemical engineering in both academic and industry.A complex process could have multiple digitalization needs,including simulation,monitoring,operator training,etc.;thus,a hierarchical digital twin would be a comprehensive solution to that.In this study,a novel and general framework of the digital twin is proposed for operations in process industry.With the hierarchical structure,the framework can handle various tasks driven by different roles in process industry,including managers,engineers,and operators.To complete these tasks,the framework consists of three modules:OAS(Operation Analysis System),OMS(Operation Monitoring System),and OTS(Operator Training System).Each module focuses on one unique type of demand from the staff,as well as interactions among them enabling efficient data sharing.Based on the hierarchical framework,a digital twin system is applied for one complex industrial nitration process,which successfully enhances the operation efficiency and safety in several industrial scenarios with different demands.展开更多
Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing addit...Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.展开更多
Processes supported by process-aware information systems are subject to continuous and often subtle changes due to evolving operational,organizational,or regulatory factors.These changes,referred to as incremental con...Processes supported by process-aware information systems are subject to continuous and often subtle changes due to evolving operational,organizational,or regulatory factors.These changes,referred to as incremental concept drift,gradually alter the behavior or structure of processes,making their detection and localization a challenging task.Traditional process mining techniques frequently assume process stationarity and are limited in their ability to detect such drift,particularly from a control-flow perspective.The objective of this research is to develop an interpretable and robust framework capable of detecting and localizing incremental concept drift in event logs,with a specific emphasis on the structural evolution of control-flow semantics in processes.We propose DriftXMiner,a control-flow-aware hybrid framework that combines statistical,machine learning,and process model analysis techniques.The approach comprises three key components:(1)Cumulative Drift Scanner that tracks directional statistical deviations to detect early drift signals;(2)a Temporal Clustering and Drift-Aware Forest Ensemble(DAFE)to capture distributional and classification-level changes in process behavior;and(3)Petri net-based process model reconstruction,which enables the precise localization of structural drift using transition deviation metrics and replay fitness scores.Experimental validation on the BPI Challenge 2017 event log demonstrates that DriftXMiner effectively identifies and localizes gradual and incremental process drift over time.The framework achieves a detection accuracy of 92.5%,a localization precision of 90.3%,and an F1-score of 0.91,outperforming competitive baselines such as CUSUM+Histograms and ADWIN+Alpha Miner.Visual analyses further confirm that identified drift points align with transitions in control-flow models and behavioral cluster structures.DriftXMiner offers a novel and interpretable solution for incremental concept drift detection and localization in dynamic,process-aware systems.By integrating statistical signal accumulation,temporal behavior profiling,and structural process mining,the framework enables finegrained drift explanation and supports adaptive process intelligence in evolving environments.Its modular architecture supports extension to streaming data and real-time monitoring contexts.展开更多
With the intensification of population aging in China,the problem of cognitive impairment in the elderly has become increasingly prominent,attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society.Geriatric cognitiv...With the intensification of population aging in China,the problem of cognitive impairment in the elderly has become increasingly prominent,attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society.Geriatric cognitive impairment is characterized by chronicity,which not only seriously threatens the health of the elderly and reduces their quality of life,but also imposes a heavy burden on families and society due to its long course.Attaching importance to and strengthening the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment has profound significance for delaying disease progression,improving patients’quality of life,and reducing the burden of family care.Therefore,this paper first comprehensively understands elderly cognitive impairment by briefly elaborating on its definition and characteristics;on this basis,it focuses on exploring effective strategies for the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment,hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the management of this condition and offer useful references for relevant clinical research and practice.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the clinical effect of sensory integration training combined with cognitive training in the rehabilitation treatment of children with mental retardation.Methods:A total of 120 children with mental...Objective:To analyze the clinical effect of sensory integration training combined with cognitive training in the rehabilitation treatment of children with mental retardation.Methods:A total of 120 children with mental retardation who received rehabilitation intervention in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2025 were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group,with 60 children in each group.The control group adopted a conventional rehabilitation training program;the experimental group adopted a combined sensory integration training and cognitive training program.The sensory integration ability,cognitive function,and daily living skills of children in the two groups were compared.Results:The sensory integration ability score of the experimental group(85.3±6.2)was significantly higher than that of the control group(72.1±7.5)(p<0.05);the cognitive function score(88.7±5.8)was significantly improved compared with that of the control group(76.4±6.9)(p<0.05);the daily living skills score(90.2±4.7)was significantly higher than that of the control group(80.5±5.3)(p<0.05).The social interaction ability of the experimental group reached 92.5%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(81.3%)(p<0.05).Conclusion:Sensory integration training combined with cognitive training demonstrates favorable outcomes in the rehabilitation treatment of children with mental retardation,exhibiting a notable neurofunctional remodeling effect.It can optimize the multidimensional rehabilitation process,effectively enhance the comprehensive developmental potential of children,and hold significant clinical application value.展开更多
Background:The absence of effective animal models for sporadic Alzheimer's disease(AD)remains a pivotal barrier to therapy development.Because methanol metabolism produces endogenous formaldehyde,a neurotoxic agen...Background:The absence of effective animal models for sporadic Alzheimer's disease(AD)remains a pivotal barrier to therapy development.Because methanol metabolism produces endogenous formaldehyde,a neurotoxic agent linked to cognitive decline,this study investigated whether chronic,low-dose methanol exposure could recapitulate AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits in rhesus monkey,thereby establishing a nonhuman primate animal model driven by this environmental-metabolic insult.Methods:Adult rhesus monkeys received low-concentration methanol for 9 months.Behavioral tests for cognition,locomotion,sleep,and vision were conducted.Postmortem analyses involved histopathological examination,immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,and Western blot to evaluate neuronal integrity,microglial activation,and the expression of key proteins associated with AD(amyloid-β[Aβ],phosphorylated tau,TAR DNA-binding protein 43[TDP-43])and cellular stress(synaptic markers,mitochondrial fission,autophagy,and apoptosis-related proteins).Results:Chronic methanol exposure led to progressive cognitive and memory impairment without significant motor or visual deficits.Neuropathology revealed brain atrophy,neuronal loss,synaptic damage,microglial activation,and mitochondrial structural disorganization.Critically,the exposed animals exhibited hallmark AD-like molecular alterations,including increased Aβ deposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,and TDP-43 dysregulation.Furthermore,neurotoxicity was associated with elevated urinary formaldehyde,enhanced mitochondrial fission,increased autophagy,and elevated apoptosis.Conclusion:Chronic low-dose methanol exposure in rhesus monkeys recapitulates progressive cognitive deficits and AD-like neuropathological features.This model,driven by endogenous formaldehyde toxicity,effectively mimics key aspects of sporadic AD.Our findings shed light on the neurotoxic mechanisms of methanol and propose a reproducible and translationally relevant nonhuman primate model for studying AD pathogenesis and evaluating potential therapeutics.展开更多
Cognitive unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)is promising to tackle the spectrum scarcity problem faced by UAV communications.However,the secure information transmission is challenging due to the open nature of the spectrum ...Cognitive unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)is promising to tackle the spectrum scarcity problem faced by UAV communications.However,the secure information transmission is challenging due to the open nature of the spectrum sharing.In order to tackle this issue,a cognitive UAV network with cooperative jamming is studied in this paper.A robust resource allocation and trajectory joint optimization problem is formulated by considering the practical case that the channel state information(CSI)cannot be accurately obtained.An iterative algorithm is proposed to address this challenging non-convex problem.Simulation results demonstrate that the worst case robust resource allocation design can realize the secure communications even under the imperfect CSI.Moreover,compared with other benchmark schemes,the proposed scheme can achieve secure performance improvement.展开更多
文摘一、作为哲学的AI for Process(一)郭为的哲学思想1.郭为是谁郭为是谁?他是一位哲学家。顺便说,他同时还领导着神州数码。为什么说郭为是哲学家呢?因为他在著作中谈到高深的哲学,如“数据如水,奔流不息,无界融合”。他引述古希腊哲学家赫拉克利特所说的“万物流转”,又说“你不能两次踏进同一条河流,因为新的水不断地流过你的身旁”,他所表达的意思是“世界上唯一不变的就是变化”。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471564)YT is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322035,32171078).
文摘Background Pain sensitivity is critical for preventing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviours;however,individuals engaging in such behaviours often exhibit decreased pain sensitivity,which may undermine this natural safeguard.The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)is a key region involved in pain regulation,and recent approaches using transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)to target the DLPFC have shown potential for modulating pain processing and restoring normal pain perception for individuals engaging in NSSI behaviours.Aims This study aimed to explore the immediate and short-term effects of a single session of tDCS on pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI,as well as its secondary effects on mood and NSSI-related factors.Methods In this randomised,double-blind,parallel,sham-controlled clinical trial,participants with a history of NSSI were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS.The intervention consisted of a single 20 min tDCS session targeting the left DLPFC.The primary outcome was pain sensitivity,measured by the pressure pain threshold(PPT)and heat pain score(HPS).Secondary and additional outcomes included NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI,mood-related variables and exploratory cognitive-affective processes such as rumination,self-criticism and self-perceived pain sensitivity,assessed at baseline,immediately post-intervention,and at 24 hours,1 week and 2 weeks follow-ups.Results For the primary outcomes,no significant differences between groups were observed for pain sensitivity(PPT,padj=0.812;HPS,padj=0.608).However,an exploratory sensitivity analysis treating each trial as an individual observation revealed a significant effect on HPS(padj=0.036).For the secondary and additional outcomes,although there were initial improvements in joyful feelings and reductions in negative affect at 2 weeks post-intervention,these effects did not remain significant after multiple comparison corrections.Notably,reductions in rumination were statistically significant at both 1-week and 2-week follow-ups(1 week,p_(adj)=0.040;2 weeks,p_(adj)=0.042).There were no significant effects on NSSI urges,NSSI resistance,self-efficacy in resisting NSSI or self-criticism.Conclusions A single session of tDCS over the left DLPFC did not produce significant changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with NSSI.A sensitivity analysis indicated an effect on heat pain sensitivity,possibly reflecting changes in brain activity,warranting confirmation through neuroimaging.These findings suggest that tDCS warrants further investigation for its potential to influence pain-related cognitive-affective processes in individuals with NSSI.
文摘This paper introduces a computational cognitive architecture that serves as a comprehensive computational theory of the human mind,from cognitive science and computational psychology.The cognitive architecture(named Clarion)has been justified by,and validated against,psychological data,findings,and theoretical constructs.One important theoretical background for it is the dual-process theories,which led to its overall two-level structuring in a hybrid neuro-symbolic way.Furthermore,given the recent advances in AI and computing technology,LLMs are being incorporated into the model to better capture human intuition and instinct(and implicit processes in general),in order to further enhance Clarion.Integrating Clarion and LLMs can also help to develop AI systems that are more capable,more reliable,and more human-like.Overall,the paper advocates a multidisciplinary approach towards developing better models for cognitive science and for AI.
文摘The aging process is an inexorable fact throughout our lives and is considered a major factor in develo ping neurological dysfunctions associated with cognitive,emotional,and motor impairments.Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function.
基金funded by the 2024 Shanghai Social Science Planning Annual Project titled“A Study on the Chunk Processing Mechanisms and Cognitive Motivations of ESL Reading”(Fund No.2024BYY012).
文摘English reading proficiency is essential for university students in a globalized academic environment,yet many L2 learners encounter challenges,such as limited vocabulary,complex syntax,and unclear text organization,leading to cognitive overload.Grounded in the Cognitive Load Theory(CLT),this study examines the role of the Chunking Reading Processing Strategy-which integrates fragmented linguistic information into meaningful units at lexical,syntactic,and discourse levels-in alleviating cognitive load and improving reading comprehension.Through a mixed-methods approach,the research investigates how learners at different proficiency levels perceive and apply the chunking strategy,and how such application relates to cognitive load management.The results indicate that higher-proficiency learners employ chunking more frequently and report greater benefits,whereas lower-proficiency learners depend more on instructional support.The study confirms the theoretical and pedagogical value of chunk-based reading instruction and suggests that differentiated,cognitively informed teaching of the chunking strategy can enhance both reading efficiency and strategic awareness among L2 learners.
文摘Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of significant,novel,and high-impact research in the fields of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875039)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2023-033)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021221071)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgical Innovation Foundation(2022)2023 Anhui Major Industrial Innovation Plan Project。
文摘The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF)argon plasma,and the temperatures were measured using a DPV-2000 monitor.A model combining the electromagnetism,thermal flow,and heat transfer characteristics of powder during in-flight heating in argon plasma was proposed.The melting processes of CeO_(2)powders of different diameters,with and without thermal resistance effect,were investigated.Results show that the heating process of CeO_(2)powder particles consists of three main stages,one of which is relevant to a dimensionless parameter known as the Biot number.When the Biot value≥0.1,thermal resistance increases significantly,especially for the larger powders.The predicted temperature of the particles at the outlet(1800–2880 K)is in good agreement with the experimental result.
基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2025ZNSFSC1341)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(J2022-090,25CAFUC04087)。
文摘The hot compression deformation behavior of Mg-6Zn-1Mn-0.5Ca(ZM61-0.5Ca)and Mg-6Zn-1Mn-2Sn-0.5Ca(ZMT612-0.5Ca)alloys was investigated at deformation temperatures ranging from 250℃to 400℃and strain rates varying from 0.001 s^(-1) to 1 s^(-1).The results show that the addition of Sn promotes dynamic recrystallization(DRX),and CaMgSn phases can act as nucleation sites during the compression deformation.Flow stress increases with increasing the strain rate and decreasing the temperature.Both the ZM61-0.5Ca and ZMT612-0.5Ca alloys exhibit obvious DRX characteristics.CaMgSn phases can effectively inhibit dislocation motion with the addition of Sn,thus increasing the peak fl ow stress of the alloy.The addition of Sn increases the hot deformation activation energy of the ZM61-0.5Ca alloy from 199.654 kJ/mol to 276.649 kJ/mol,thus improving the thermal stability of the alloy.For the ZMT612-0.5Ca alloy,the optimal hot deformation parameters are determined to be a deformation temperature range of 350–400℃and a strain rate range of 0.001–0.01 s^(-1).
文摘The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It has been suggested that the size of the brain(brain reserve) and the extent of neural connections acquired through life(neural reserve) set a threshold beyond which noticeable impairments occur.In contrast,cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reo rganize stru cturally and functionally to resist damage and maintain function,including neural reserve and brain maintenance,resilience,and compensation(Verkhratsky and Zorec,2024).
基金supported by The Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2023-00244901)(to RB)。
文摘Challenges in the prevention and treatment of mild cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease:Increased life expectancy due to advancements in medical care has given rise to an aging population,accompanied by a surge in the incidence of incurable neurodegenerative diseases(NDDs).These diseases primarily affect the cognitive and behavioral functions of older adults by impacting brain activity.Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a neurodegenerative condition that affects a significant portion of the population.
基金National MCF Energy R&D Program(2024YFE03260300)。
文摘Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durability,and corrosion resistance.These metals have body-centered cubic crystal structure,characterized by limited slip systems and impeded dislocation motion,resulting in significant low-temperature brittleness,which poses challenges for the conventional processing.Additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative approach,enabling the production of intricate parts without molds,which significantly improves the efficiency of material usage.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in additive manufacturing techniques for the production of refractory metals,such as W,Ta,Mo,and Nb,particularly the laser powder bed fusion.In this review,the influence mechanisms of key process parameters(laser power,scan strategy,and powder characteristics)on the evolution of material microstructure,the formation of metallurgical defects,and mechanical properties were discussed.Generally,optimizing powder characteristics,such as sphericity,implementing substrate preheating,and formulating alloying strategies can significantly improve the densification and crack resistance of manufactured parts.Meanwhile,strictly controlling the oxygen impurity content and optimizing the energy density input are also the key factors to achieve the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility of refractory metals.Although additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative solution for processing refractory metals,critical issues,such as residual stress control,microstructure and performance anisotropy,and process stability,still need to be addressed.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the additive manufacturing of high-performance refractory metals,but also proposes forward-looking directions for their industrial application.
文摘Agricultural Products Processing and Storage(ISSN 3059-4510,Owner:Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China.Production and hosting:Springer Nature)is an international,peer-reviewed open access journal with the aim to offer a platform for the rapid dissemination of signifi cant,novel,and high-impact research in the fi elds of agricultural product processing science,technology,engineering,and nutrition.Additionally,supplemental issues are curated and published to facilitate in-depth discussions on special topics.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042023gf0003)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFD126)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1104404).
文摘Multivitamins were widely used health supplements that replenished essential nutrients in the human body.Despite their popularity,the impact of multivitamins on the cognitive function of older adults remained unclear and contentious.This study offered a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of research published until June 2024,analyzing the effects of multivitamins on various cognitive functions in individuals aged 65 and older.We included ten randomized controlled trials encompassing 13,600 participants from multiple databases.These studies evaluated the impact of multivitamins on reasoning,memory,learning,visual perception,idea production,cognitive speed,psychomotor abilities,and higher cognitive functions.Our meta-analysis revealed that multivitamins significantly enhanced delayed free recall (standardized mean difference(SMD)=0.09,95%confidence interval(CI)=[0.05,0.13],P<0.0001).However,they had no substantial effects on immediate free recall(SMD=0.85,95%CI=[-0.18,1.90],P=0.11),idea production(SMD=0.00,95%CI=[-0.04,0.03],P=0.86),or cognitive speed(SMD=0.34,95%CI=[-0.07,0.74],P=0.11).Thus,while multivitamins facilitated delayed free recall,they did not significantly improve other cognitive functions in older adults.
基金support of the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”Research&Development Program of Zhejiang(2024C01028)the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology,China(ICT2024C04)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Digital twin technology brings more opportunities and challenges to chemical engineering in both academic and industry.A complex process could have multiple digitalization needs,including simulation,monitoring,operator training,etc.;thus,a hierarchical digital twin would be a comprehensive solution to that.In this study,a novel and general framework of the digital twin is proposed for operations in process industry.With the hierarchical structure,the framework can handle various tasks driven by different roles in process industry,including managers,engineers,and operators.To complete these tasks,the framework consists of three modules:OAS(Operation Analysis System),OMS(Operation Monitoring System),and OTS(Operator Training System).Each module focuses on one unique type of demand from the staff,as well as interactions among them enabling efficient data sharing.Based on the hierarchical framework,a digital twin system is applied for one complex industrial nitration process,which successfully enhances the operation efficiency and safety in several industrial scenarios with different demands.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4600902)Shandong Provincial Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(ZR2024YQ020)。
文摘Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.
文摘Processes supported by process-aware information systems are subject to continuous and often subtle changes due to evolving operational,organizational,or regulatory factors.These changes,referred to as incremental concept drift,gradually alter the behavior or structure of processes,making their detection and localization a challenging task.Traditional process mining techniques frequently assume process stationarity and are limited in their ability to detect such drift,particularly from a control-flow perspective.The objective of this research is to develop an interpretable and robust framework capable of detecting and localizing incremental concept drift in event logs,with a specific emphasis on the structural evolution of control-flow semantics in processes.We propose DriftXMiner,a control-flow-aware hybrid framework that combines statistical,machine learning,and process model analysis techniques.The approach comprises three key components:(1)Cumulative Drift Scanner that tracks directional statistical deviations to detect early drift signals;(2)a Temporal Clustering and Drift-Aware Forest Ensemble(DAFE)to capture distributional and classification-level changes in process behavior;and(3)Petri net-based process model reconstruction,which enables the precise localization of structural drift using transition deviation metrics and replay fitness scores.Experimental validation on the BPI Challenge 2017 event log demonstrates that DriftXMiner effectively identifies and localizes gradual and incremental process drift over time.The framework achieves a detection accuracy of 92.5%,a localization precision of 90.3%,and an F1-score of 0.91,outperforming competitive baselines such as CUSUM+Histograms and ADWIN+Alpha Miner.Visual analyses further confirm that identified drift points align with transitions in control-flow models and behavioral cluster structures.DriftXMiner offers a novel and interpretable solution for incremental concept drift detection and localization in dynamic,process-aware systems.By integrating statistical signal accumulation,temporal behavior profiling,and structural process mining,the framework enables finegrained drift explanation and supports adaptive process intelligence in evolving environments.Its modular architecture supports extension to streaming data and real-time monitoring contexts.
文摘With the intensification of population aging in China,the problem of cognitive impairment in the elderly has become increasingly prominent,attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society.Geriatric cognitive impairment is characterized by chronicity,which not only seriously threatens the health of the elderly and reduces their quality of life,but also imposes a heavy burden on families and society due to its long course.Attaching importance to and strengthening the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment has profound significance for delaying disease progression,improving patients’quality of life,and reducing the burden of family care.Therefore,this paper first comprehensively understands elderly cognitive impairment by briefly elaborating on its definition and characteristics;on this basis,it focuses on exploring effective strategies for the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment,hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the management of this condition and offer useful references for relevant clinical research and practice.
基金Baoding Science and Technology Plan Project(Project No.:2541ZF307)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the clinical effect of sensory integration training combined with cognitive training in the rehabilitation treatment of children with mental retardation.Methods:A total of 120 children with mental retardation who received rehabilitation intervention in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2025 were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group,with 60 children in each group.The control group adopted a conventional rehabilitation training program;the experimental group adopted a combined sensory integration training and cognitive training program.The sensory integration ability,cognitive function,and daily living skills of children in the two groups were compared.Results:The sensory integration ability score of the experimental group(85.3±6.2)was significantly higher than that of the control group(72.1±7.5)(p<0.05);the cognitive function score(88.7±5.8)was significantly improved compared with that of the control group(76.4±6.9)(p<0.05);the daily living skills score(90.2±4.7)was significantly higher than that of the control group(80.5±5.3)(p<0.05).The social interaction ability of the experimental group reached 92.5%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(81.3%)(p<0.05).Conclusion:Sensory integration training combined with cognitive training demonstrates favorable outcomes in the rehabilitation treatment of children with mental retardation,exhibiting a notable neurofunctional remodeling effect.It can optimize the multidimensional rehabilitation process,effectively enhance the comprehensive developmental potential of children,and hold significant clinical application value.
基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-034Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2023-PT180-01+1 种基金PUMC Innovation Fund for Graduate Students,Grant/Award Number:2017-1001-07National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82161138027。
文摘Background:The absence of effective animal models for sporadic Alzheimer's disease(AD)remains a pivotal barrier to therapy development.Because methanol metabolism produces endogenous formaldehyde,a neurotoxic agent linked to cognitive decline,this study investigated whether chronic,low-dose methanol exposure could recapitulate AD-like pathology and cognitive deficits in rhesus monkey,thereby establishing a nonhuman primate animal model driven by this environmental-metabolic insult.Methods:Adult rhesus monkeys received low-concentration methanol for 9 months.Behavioral tests for cognition,locomotion,sleep,and vision were conducted.Postmortem analyses involved histopathological examination,immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,and Western blot to evaluate neuronal integrity,microglial activation,and the expression of key proteins associated with AD(amyloid-β[Aβ],phosphorylated tau,TAR DNA-binding protein 43[TDP-43])and cellular stress(synaptic markers,mitochondrial fission,autophagy,and apoptosis-related proteins).Results:Chronic methanol exposure led to progressive cognitive and memory impairment without significant motor or visual deficits.Neuropathology revealed brain atrophy,neuronal loss,synaptic damage,microglial activation,and mitochondrial structural disorganization.Critically,the exposed animals exhibited hallmark AD-like molecular alterations,including increased Aβ deposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,and TDP-43 dysregulation.Furthermore,neurotoxicity was associated with elevated urinary formaldehyde,enhanced mitochondrial fission,increased autophagy,and elevated apoptosis.Conclusion:Chronic low-dose methanol exposure in rhesus monkeys recapitulates progressive cognitive deficits and AD-like neuropathological features.This model,driven by endogenous formaldehyde toxicity,effectively mimics key aspects of sporadic AD.Our findings shed light on the neurotoxic mechanisms of methanol and propose a reproducible and translationally relevant nonhuman primate model for studying AD pathogenesis and evaluating potential therapeutics.
基金National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2020YFB1807602the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62222107,Grant 62071223,Grant 62031012Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST。
文摘Cognitive unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)is promising to tackle the spectrum scarcity problem faced by UAV communications.However,the secure information transmission is challenging due to the open nature of the spectrum sharing.In order to tackle this issue,a cognitive UAV network with cooperative jamming is studied in this paper.A robust resource allocation and trajectory joint optimization problem is formulated by considering the practical case that the channel state information(CSI)cannot be accurately obtained.An iterative algorithm is proposed to address this challenging non-convex problem.Simulation results demonstrate that the worst case robust resource allocation design can realize the secure communications even under the imperfect CSI.Moreover,compared with other benchmark schemes,the proposed scheme can achieve secure performance improvement.
