The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the perceived cognitive flexibility and sense of inadequacy of older adults and middle adults with their attitudes towards social media use and tech...The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the perceived cognitive flexibility and sense of inadequacy of older adults and middle adults with their attitudes towards social media use and technology.Of the participants,210(68.2%)were female and 98(31.8%)were male.The sample consisted of 49.4%of middle adults aged between 50-59 years,and a total of 308 adults,50.6%of whom were older adults aged 60 and over.“Personal Information Form”,“Sense of Inadequacy Scale”,“Cognitive Flexibility Scale”,and“Media and Technology Use and Attitudes Scale”were used to collect data in the research.According to the findings of the study,older-and middle-aged adults differed in their sense of inadequacy and cognitive flexibility capacity.A significant difference was found between social media use and technology attitudes of older and middle adults.The findings were discussed within the framework of the relevant literature.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to examine how individual openness to experience influences humor production and to explore the underlying psychological mechanisms of this relationship,specifically focusing on cognitive...The purpose of this study was to examine how individual openness to experience influences humor production and to explore the underlying psychological mechanisms of this relationship,specifically focusing on cognitive flexibility(the cognitive path)and ambiguity tolerance(the motivational path).To comprehensively evaluate individuals’humor production ability,Study 1 employed a subjective self-report questionnaire on sense of humor,while Study 2 used an objective humor dialogue generation task.The results of Study 1 indicated that openness to experience did not directly impact sense of humor;instead,the relationship between openness to experience and sense of humor was fully mediated by cognitive flexibility.In Study 2,findings showed that openness to experience positively predicted humor production ability,with ambiguity tolerance partially mediating this effect.These results suggest that individuals with higher levels of openness to experience have a greater capacity for generating humorous perspectives.Moreover,the study identified two psychological pathways—cognition and motivation—in the process of generating funny ideas.The specific pathway influenced by the measurement method used for humor production further highlights the importance of both cognitive flexibility and ambiguity tolerance in understanding how openness to experience contributes to humor production.展开更多
To examine the effects of mindfulness on shame and the mechanisms mediated by cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in a Chinese adult population in daily life,we conducted two studies.Study 1 was a cross-sectiona...To examine the effects of mindfulness on shame and the mechanisms mediated by cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in a Chinese adult population in daily life,we conducted two studies.Study 1 was a cross-sectional study using the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire,the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory,the Self-Compassion Scale,and the Self-Conscious Affect-3,which were administered to 481 adults in Beijing and Chengdu.For Study 2,an 8-month follow-up study was conducted on 128 of the adults.The results of Study 1 showed that(1)the awareness of action and nonjudgment dimensions,and the total score of mindfulness were significantly correlated with shame;(2)cognitive flexibility and self-compassion could fully mediate the prediction of mindfulness on shame.The Study 2 showed that(1)mindfulness and shame were significantly negatively correlated in both phases of measurement;(2)controlling for T1 shame,T1 mindfulness was able to negatively predict T2 shame;controlling for T1 mindfulness,T1 shame was not able to predict T2 mindfulness.There is a longitudinal association between mindfulness and shame,and only mindfulness scores are predictive of the shame and not vice-versa;both cognitive flexibility and self-compassion can provide explanations for the prediction of shame by mindfulness.Enhancing levels of mindfulness can help alleviate individuals'shame levels.展开更多
This study aims to examine the relationships between the behavioral inhibition system(BIS)/behavioral activation system(BAS),depression,cognitive flexibility,and alexithymia,and to determine the mediator role of cogni...This study aims to examine the relationships between the behavioral inhibition system(BIS)/behavioral activation system(BAS),depression,cognitive flexibility,and alexithymia,and to determine the mediator role of cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in the relationship between BIS/BAS and depression.Data were collected from a community sample,consisting of 1,275 people,904 women(70.90%)and 371(29.10%)men,aged 18–65 years.It was detected that the whole variables in this research were interrelated.Additionally,for the mediation analyses,two significant models in which were determined the mediator role of cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in the relationship between the dimensions of BIS-Fear and BAS-Reward and depression were created.Consequently,high BIS-Fear and low BAS-Reward were associated with susceptibility to depression through decreased cognitive flexibility and increased alexithymia.Moreover,it may be possible to identify which subdimensions of alexithymia and cognitive flexibility play a role in the relationship between depression and reward/punishment systems and which of these are risk factors via the models tested in this study.In this way,clinical interventions for the factors that are both associated with depressive symptoms and mediators for depression can be planned and this can help to achieve effective results in the therapy process.展开更多
Executive functions emerge throughout childhood and shape multiple cognitive and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan.Given the importance of these functions,there is considerable interest in understanding the role...Executive functions emerge throughout childhood and shape multiple cognitive and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan.Given the importance of these functions,there is considerable interest in understanding the role of environmental enrichment to support their development.The past 20 years have seen the emergence of a body of evidence around the beneficial effects of engaging in physical activity for executive functioning in children.Despite this,there are still unanswered questions,particularly about the confounding effects of the timing and dose of exercise-based interventions.During development,sensitive periods with heightened neural plasticity and sensitivity to environmental influences can offer an optimal time to introduce enrichment interventions.As such,sensitive periods for executive function could indicate an ideal time to introduce physical activity or be a potential confounder to study results if not considered.This narrative review discusses the potential presence of sensitive periods in preadolescent development where physical activity has greater benefits for executive function.Initially,we briefly review the largely parallel fields investigating the presence of sensitive periods for executive function and the effects of physical activity on executive function outcomes.We then bring together these 2 concepts to discuss the theoretical basis for developmentally sensitive periods during which children may be particularly amenable to physical activity-based interventions and offer potential ways forward to investigate this phenomenon.We hope this review will attract researchers to collaborate in the area and extend our current understanding of the development of executive functions as well as interventions like physical activity.展开更多
Background:With the proliferation of smartphones,adolescent mobile phone dependency has intensified,potentially precipitating academic burnout and other adverse outcomes among students.Contemporary study mostly examin...Background:With the proliferation of smartphones,adolescent mobile phone dependency has intensified,potentially precipitating academic burnout and other adverse outcomes among students.Contemporary study mostly examines college populations,resulting in a lack of exploration on the internal mechanisms connecting mobile phone dependency to academic burnout.In addition to analysing the chain-mediated effects of sleep quality and cognitive flexibility,this study sought to provide theoretical insights for prevention by applying the Conservation of Resources theory to examine the relationship between academic burnout and mobile phone dependency among middle and high school students.Methods:A cluster convenience sampling approach was adopted.Data were collected from 811 middle and high school students in Tianjin,China,using a paper-based questionnaire battery comprising the Mobile Phone Addiction Index,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,the Cognitive Flexibility Scale,and the Adolescent Academic Burnout Scale.Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS 25.0.Chain mediation effects were examined via the PROCESS macro,with significance assessed using bias-corrected bootstrap 95%confidence intervals.Results:A statistically significant positive link exists between mobile phone dependency and academic burnout among middle and high school students(r=0.575,p<0.001).Dependence on mobile phones had a substantial direct impact on academic burnout(β=0.303,p<0.001).Chain mediation analysis revealed that mobile phone dependency had a substantial direct impact on academic burnout(β=0.303,p<0.001).Sleep quality and cognitive flexibility mediated the link between mobile phone dependency and academic burnout.These indirect pathways represent 44.18%of the total effect.Conclusions:Mobile phone dependency contributes to academic burnout amongmiddle and high school students,mediated sequentially by sleep quality and cognitive flexibility.These findings suggest a potential intervention strategy to mitigate academic burnout by targeting excessive mobile phone use,enhancing sleep hygiene,and implementing cognitive flexibility training.展开更多
文摘The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the perceived cognitive flexibility and sense of inadequacy of older adults and middle adults with their attitudes towards social media use and technology.Of the participants,210(68.2%)were female and 98(31.8%)were male.The sample consisted of 49.4%of middle adults aged between 50-59 years,and a total of 308 adults,50.6%of whom were older adults aged 60 and over.“Personal Information Form”,“Sense of Inadequacy Scale”,“Cognitive Flexibility Scale”,and“Media and Technology Use and Attitudes Scale”were used to collect data in the research.According to the findings of the study,older-and middle-aged adults differed in their sense of inadequacy and cognitive flexibility capacity.A significant difference was found between social media use and technology attitudes of older and middle adults.The findings were discussed within the framework of the relevant literature.
基金funding support provided by the Sichuan Applied Psychology Research Center(CSXL-22219)Institute of Psychology,CAS(GJ202011)Chengdu Office of Philosophy and Social Science(2022CZ083).
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine how individual openness to experience influences humor production and to explore the underlying psychological mechanisms of this relationship,specifically focusing on cognitive flexibility(the cognitive path)and ambiguity tolerance(the motivational path).To comprehensively evaluate individuals’humor production ability,Study 1 employed a subjective self-report questionnaire on sense of humor,while Study 2 used an objective humor dialogue generation task.The results of Study 1 indicated that openness to experience did not directly impact sense of humor;instead,the relationship between openness to experience and sense of humor was fully mediated by cognitive flexibility.In Study 2,findings showed that openness to experience positively predicted humor production ability,with ambiguity tolerance partially mediating this effect.These results suggest that individuals with higher levels of openness to experience have a greater capacity for generating humorous perspectives.Moreover,the study identified two psychological pathways—cognition and motivation—in the process of generating funny ideas.The specific pathway influenced by the measurement method used for humor production further highlights the importance of both cognitive flexibility and ambiguity tolerance in understanding how openness to experience contributes to humor production.
文摘To examine the effects of mindfulness on shame and the mechanisms mediated by cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in a Chinese adult population in daily life,we conducted two studies.Study 1 was a cross-sectional study using the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire,the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory,the Self-Compassion Scale,and the Self-Conscious Affect-3,which were administered to 481 adults in Beijing and Chengdu.For Study 2,an 8-month follow-up study was conducted on 128 of the adults.The results of Study 1 showed that(1)the awareness of action and nonjudgment dimensions,and the total score of mindfulness were significantly correlated with shame;(2)cognitive flexibility and self-compassion could fully mediate the prediction of mindfulness on shame.The Study 2 showed that(1)mindfulness and shame were significantly negatively correlated in both phases of measurement;(2)controlling for T1 shame,T1 mindfulness was able to negatively predict T2 shame;controlling for T1 mindfulness,T1 shame was not able to predict T2 mindfulness.There is a longitudinal association between mindfulness and shame,and only mindfulness scores are predictive of the shame and not vice-versa;both cognitive flexibility and self-compassion can provide explanations for the prediction of shame by mindfulness.Enhancing levels of mindfulness can help alleviate individuals'shame levels.
文摘This study aims to examine the relationships between the behavioral inhibition system(BIS)/behavioral activation system(BAS),depression,cognitive flexibility,and alexithymia,and to determine the mediator role of cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in the relationship between BIS/BAS and depression.Data were collected from a community sample,consisting of 1,275 people,904 women(70.90%)and 371(29.10%)men,aged 18–65 years.It was detected that the whole variables in this research were interrelated.Additionally,for the mediation analyses,two significant models in which were determined the mediator role of cognitive flexibility and alexithymia in the relationship between the dimensions of BIS-Fear and BAS-Reward and depression were created.Consequently,high BIS-Fear and low BAS-Reward were associated with susceptibility to depression through decreased cognitive flexibility and increased alexithymia.Moreover,it may be possible to identify which subdimensions of alexithymia and cognitive flexibility play a role in the relationship between depression and reward/punishment systems and which of these are risk factors via the models tested in this study.In this way,clinical interventions for the factors that are both associated with depressive symptoms and mediators for depression can be planned and this can help to achieve effective results in the therapy process.
文摘Executive functions emerge throughout childhood and shape multiple cognitive and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan.Given the importance of these functions,there is considerable interest in understanding the role of environmental enrichment to support their development.The past 20 years have seen the emergence of a body of evidence around the beneficial effects of engaging in physical activity for executive functioning in children.Despite this,there are still unanswered questions,particularly about the confounding effects of the timing and dose of exercise-based interventions.During development,sensitive periods with heightened neural plasticity and sensitivity to environmental influences can offer an optimal time to introduce enrichment interventions.As such,sensitive periods for executive function could indicate an ideal time to introduce physical activity or be a potential confounder to study results if not considered.This narrative review discusses the potential presence of sensitive periods in preadolescent development where physical activity has greater benefits for executive function.Initially,we briefly review the largely parallel fields investigating the presence of sensitive periods for executive function and the effects of physical activity on executive function outcomes.We then bring together these 2 concepts to discuss the theoretical basis for developmentally sensitive periods during which children may be particularly amenable to physical activity-based interventions and offer potential ways forward to investigate this phenomenon.We hope this review will attract researchers to collaborate in the area and extend our current understanding of the development of executive functions as well as interventions like physical activity.
基金supported by the Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Foundation of Tianjin(Grant No.TJJX22-006).
文摘Background:With the proliferation of smartphones,adolescent mobile phone dependency has intensified,potentially precipitating academic burnout and other adverse outcomes among students.Contemporary study mostly examines college populations,resulting in a lack of exploration on the internal mechanisms connecting mobile phone dependency to academic burnout.In addition to analysing the chain-mediated effects of sleep quality and cognitive flexibility,this study sought to provide theoretical insights for prevention by applying the Conservation of Resources theory to examine the relationship between academic burnout and mobile phone dependency among middle and high school students.Methods:A cluster convenience sampling approach was adopted.Data were collected from 811 middle and high school students in Tianjin,China,using a paper-based questionnaire battery comprising the Mobile Phone Addiction Index,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,the Cognitive Flexibility Scale,and the Adolescent Academic Burnout Scale.Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS 25.0.Chain mediation effects were examined via the PROCESS macro,with significance assessed using bias-corrected bootstrap 95%confidence intervals.Results:A statistically significant positive link exists between mobile phone dependency and academic burnout among middle and high school students(r=0.575,p<0.001).Dependence on mobile phones had a substantial direct impact on academic burnout(β=0.303,p<0.001).Chain mediation analysis revealed that mobile phone dependency had a substantial direct impact on academic burnout(β=0.303,p<0.001).Sleep quality and cognitive flexibility mediated the link between mobile phone dependency and academic burnout.These indirect pathways represent 44.18%of the total effect.Conclusions:Mobile phone dependency contributes to academic burnout amongmiddle and high school students,mediated sequentially by sleep quality and cognitive flexibility.These findings suggest a potential intervention strategy to mitigate academic burnout by targeting excessive mobile phone use,enhancing sleep hygiene,and implementing cognitive flexibility training.
