Quantitative detection of trace small-sized nanoplastics(<100 nm)remains a significant challenge in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS).To tackle this issue,we developed a hydrophobic CuO@Ag nanowire substrate ...Quantitative detection of trace small-sized nanoplastics(<100 nm)remains a significant challenge in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS).To tackle this issue,we developed a hydrophobic CuO@Ag nanowire substrate and introduced a multiplex-feature analysis strategy based on the coffee ring effect.This substrate not only offers high Raman enhancement but also exhibits a high probability of detection(POD),enabling rapid and accurate identification of 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics over a broad concentration range(1–10−10 wt%).Importantly,experimental results reveal a strong correlation between the coffee ring formation and the concentration of nanoplastic dispersion.By incorporating Raman signal intensity,coffee ring diameter,and POD as combined features,we established a machine learning-based mapping between nanoplastic concentration and coffee ring characteristics,allowing precise predictions of dispersion concentration.The mean squared error of these predictions is remarkably low,ranging from 0.21 to 0.54,representing a 19 fold improvement in accuracy compared to traditional linear regression-based methods.This strategy effectively integrates SERS with wettability modification techniques,ensuring high sensitivity and fingerprinting capabilities,while addressing the limitations of Raman signal intensity in accurately reflecting concentration changes at ultra-low levels,providing a new idea for precise SERS measurements of nanoplastics.展开更多
The 2023 China-ASEAN Expo was a big deal for Lao’s DAO Coffee.The Lao Prime Minister personally visited the DAO Coffee booth,an act that not only testified to the brand’s exceptional quality but also signaled strong...The 2023 China-ASEAN Expo was a big deal for Lao’s DAO Coffee.The Lao Prime Minister personally visited the DAO Coffee booth,an act that not only testified to the brand’s exceptional quality but also signaled strong support for the country’s burgeoning coffee industry.展开更多
Caffeine has been shown to reduce various health risks, such as diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases, and it may provide health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts, such as three to four cups per day. Howev...Caffeine has been shown to reduce various health risks, such as diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases, and it may provide health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts, such as three to four cups per day. However, caffeine may exhibit harmful effects depending on the dose. Although the health benefits and disadvantages of caffeine intake have been studied, the effects of caffeine’s aroma have hardly been studied. This study aimed to examine the impact of caffeine scent on brain activity during cognitive tasks using electroencephalography (EEG). This study included 30 healthy young adults. We investigated cerebral activity using EEG during the concentration tasks. Participants performed tasks under pre- and post-conditions, including drinking coffee, smelling coffee, or drinking water. The number of correct responses and reaction times were calculated for each task, and mean power levels were analyzed. A linear mixed model was applied with “performance”, “ROI”, and “wave band” to examine the effects of conditions and timing. Significant differences were observed in left-frontal θ power (coffee α power (coffee P θ between pre- and post-task during water conditions (pre α on the frontal lobe and higher θ are associated with improved arousal and cognitive functions. Drinking coffee reduced α power, whereas smelling coffee or drinking water increased θ power. Therefore, drinking coffee, smelling coffee, and drinking water may affect cerebral activities and enhance cognitive performance.展开更多
Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by t...Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.展开更多
China’s growing number of co#ee consumers helps to boost Uganda’s coffee production In recent years,China has witnessed a significant surge in co!ee consumption,driven by a growing middle class and increasing demand...China’s growing number of co#ee consumers helps to boost Uganda’s coffee production In recent years,China has witnessed a significant surge in co!ee consumption,driven by a growing middle class and increasing demand for specialty brews.This trend has had a profound impact on co!ee-producing countries around the world,including Uganda.展开更多
Coffee is an important agricultural commodity,and its production is threatened by various diseases.It is also a source of concern for coffee-exporting countries,which is causing them to rethink their strategies for th...Coffee is an important agricultural commodity,and its production is threatened by various diseases.It is also a source of concern for coffee-exporting countries,which is causing them to rethink their strategies for the future.Maintaining crop production requires early diagnosis.Notably,Coffee Leaf Miner(CLM)Machine learning(ML)offers promising tools for automated disease detection.Early detection of CLM is crucial for minimising yield losses.However,this study explores the effectiveness of using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)with transfer learning algorithms ResNet50,DenseNet121,MobileNet,Inception,and hybrid VGG19 for classifying coffee leaf images as healthy or CLM-infected.Leveraging the JMuBEN1 dataset,the proposed hybrid VGG19 model achieved exceptional performance,reaching 97%accuracy on both training and validation data.Additionally,high scores for precision,recall,and F1-score.The confusion matrix shows that all the test samples were correctly classified,which indicates the model’s strong performance on this dataset,demonstrating that the model is effective in distinguishing between healthy and CLM-infected leaves.This suggests strong potential for implementing this approach in real-world coffee plantations for early disease detection and improved disease management,and adapting it for practical deployment in agricultural settings.As well as supporting farmers in detecting diseases using modern,inexpensive methods that do not require specialists,and utilising deep learning technologies.展开更多
1 On a Sunday morning,Zheng Shiying drove 130 kilometers to a village on the outskirts of Beijing,not for a hike or a hot spring,but for a cup of coffee.Housed in an old stone building that looks untouched by time,by ...1 On a Sunday morning,Zheng Shiying drove 130 kilometers to a village on the outskirts of Beijing,not for a hike or a hot spring,but for a cup of coffee.Housed in an old stone building that looks untouched by time,by the time Zheng arrived,the caféwas already packed with weekend visitors,and finding a seat was a bit of a challenge.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries(AZIBs)have attracted significant attention as the most promising next-generation energy storage technology due to their low cost,inherent safety,and high energy density.However,their prac...Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries(AZIBs)have attracted significant attention as the most promising next-generation energy storage technology due to their low cost,inherent safety,and high energy density.However,their practical application is hindered by the poor electronic conductivity of iodine cathodes and the severe shuttling effect of intermediate polyiodides.Here,we report a novel micropores carbon framework(MCF)synthesized from waste coffee grounds via a facile carbonization-activation process.The resultant MCF features an ultrahigh specific surface area and a high density of micropores,which not only physically confine iodine species to minimize iodine loss but also enhance the electronic conductivity of the composite cathode.Furthermore,biomass-derived heteroatom dopings(nitrogen functionalities)facilitate effective chemical anchoring of polyiodide intermediates,thereby mitigating the shuttle effect.UV–visible spectroscopy and electrochemical kinetic analyses further confirm the rapid transformation and inhibition mechanism of iodine species by MCF.Consequently,the MCF/I_(2)cathode delivers superior specific capacities of 238.3 mA h g^(−1)at 0.2 A g^(−1)and maintains outstanding cycling performance with a capacity retention of 85.2%after 1200 cycles at 1.0 A g^(−1).This work not only provides an important reference for the design of high-performance iodine-host porous carbon materials but also explores new paths for the sustainable,high-value utilization of waste biomass resources.展开更多
大学生科研训练（Student Research Training，SRT）计划是提高大学生科研能力的重要途径之一，也是培养国家理科基地创新性人才的重要举措。为了解决在实施SRT过程中出现的老师与学生交流不足的问题，南京农业大学引入了以Coffee Break...大学生科研训练（Student Research Training，SRT）计划是提高大学生科研能力的重要途径之一，也是培养国家理科基地创新性人才的重要举措。为了解决在实施SRT过程中出现的老师与学生交流不足的问题，南京农业大学引入了以Coffee Break和Seminar为主体的交流模式。经过近四年的实践探索，该模式有力地完善和保障了SRT的顺利实施，大大促进了创新型人才的培养。文章对此进行了详细的阐述。展开更多
The aim of the study was to describe the drying kinetics of washed coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and evaluate the best mathematical model to fit the experimental drying data conducted with different air humidity (40%, 50...The aim of the study was to describe the drying kinetics of washed coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and evaluate the best mathematical model to fit the experimental drying data conducted with different air humidity (40%, 50% and 60%), temperatures (23, 40 and 60 °C) and the quality of the coffee. The cherries coffee were separated and standardized in the processes of washing, mechanical and manual separation. Then, approx. 85 kg of coffee cherries were pulped and taken directly to the yard. The washed coffee was completed dried in a mechanical dryer and yard. The results showed that the different conditions of the ambient air significantly influenced the processes of drying. The water content of the hygroscopic equilibrium of pulped coffee is directly proportional to the water activity and relative humidity (RH), decreasing with increasing temperature, for the same value of equilibrium. The Oswin model was best represented by the hygroscopicity of the pulped coffee, while the Midilli model shows the best fit to describe the drying curves of the washed coffee. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with increasing temperature of the drying air and reducing of RH, being described by the Arrhenius equation. Electrical conductivity, potassium leaching, total titratable acidity and grease acidity increase with increasing drying temperature regardless of the type of processing. Reducing sugars, total sugars and the sensorial quality was negatively affected with increasing drying temperature regardless of the type of processing. The drying at 60 °C/40% RH negatively affected the coffee quality.展开更多
Polymer thin film with uniform thickness and flat surface profile is the key point for polymer light emitting diodes(PLEDs) by inkjet printing. However, the coffee ring effect is usually observed due to the mismatch b...Polymer thin film with uniform thickness and flat surface profile is the key point for polymer light emitting diodes(PLEDs) by inkjet printing. However, the coffee ring effect is usually observed due to the mismatch between the evaporation of the solvent and the decrease of solution volume, which promotes the formation of radial flow from the interior of the drop to the edge. In this paper, coffee ring effects of inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) films were proposed to be restrained by decreasing capillary force by adding co-solvent with high boiling point and high viscosity to the main solvent. The low evaporation rate of the co-solvent can reduce the driving force of the radial flow; meanwhile the high viscosity of the co-solvent can increase the resistance of the radial flow. Thus, polymer films with improve uniformity can be obtained due to the suppression of the radial flow. The device performance was greatly improved under the condition of proper film thickness and film uniformity and the maximum luminous efficiency of devices with inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) can reach 80% of the spin-coated devices.展开更多
Various factors can affect the durability of roads, such as the strength of sub-grade, the quality of the subbase and base course, the environments and properties of the soil used. Particularly, roads built on expansi...Various factors can affect the durability of roads, such as the strength of sub-grade, the quality of the subbase and base course, the environments and properties of the soil used. Particularly, roads built on expansive soil are susceptible to early damage due to the swelling and shrinkage characteristics of this kind of soil under changing moisture conditions. The most common technique used to improve the properties of problematic soil is stabilization with additives. Using waste materials to improve the properties of expansive soil is a recent trend in soil stabilization. This study deals with the treatment of expansive soil with coffee husk ash(CHA). Coffee husk is a by-product of coffee production, and CHA is the resulting ash after burning it. In this study, the bearing capacity and compressibility characteristics of expansive soil(specifically black cotton(BC) soil) stabilized with varying percentages of CHA(5%, 10%,15%, and 20%) are investigated. Then, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) were used to analyze the influence of CHA on surface morphology and chemical composition of the studied soil. The results showed that the soil treated with CHA is generally improved in terms of strength.Addition of 20% CHA increases the bearing capacity of the soil by three-fold. In addition, the morphological studies of the soil samples treated with 10% and 15% CHA indicated the formation of hydrated particles and cementitious compounds as a result of the reaction between the soil and CHA. This indicates the potential usage of CHA as a stabilization agent and subsequently, it can address the disposal and environmental concerns related to coffee husk.展开更多
The removal of the natural organic matter present in coffee processing wastewater through chemical coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes （AOP） had been studied. The effectiveness of the removal o...The removal of the natural organic matter present in coffee processing wastewater through chemical coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes （AOP） had been studied. The effectiveness of the removal of natural organic matter using commercial flocculants and UV/H202, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined under acidic conditions. For each of these processes, different operational conditions were explored to optimize the treatment efficiency of the coffee wastewater. Coffee wastewater is characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and low total suspended solids. The outcomes of coffee wastewater treatment using coagulation-flocculation and photodegradation processes were assessed in terms of reduction of COD, color, and turbidity. It was found that a reduction in COD of 67% could be realized when the coffee wastewater was treated by chemical coagulation-flocculation with lime and coagulant T-1. When coffee wastewater was treated by coagulation-flocculation in combination with UV/H2O2, a COD reduction of 86% was achieved, although only after prolonged UV irradiation. Of the three advanced oxidation processes considered, UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3, we found that the treatment with UV/H2O2/O3 was the most effective, with an efficiency of color, turbidity and further COD removal of 87%, when applied to the flocculated coffee wastewater.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate possible lipid catabolism and body fat regulation effects of 3-caffeoylquinic acid in Green coffee bean extract(GCBE) in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.Methods:Obesity was induced in mice ...Objective:To evaluate possible lipid catabolism and body fat regulation effects of 3-caffeoylquinic acid in Green coffee bean extract(GCBE) in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.Methods:Obesity was induced in mice using a HFD for four weeks.Then,mice were fed only HFD or HFD with GCBE at 50,100,and 200 mg/kg.Fatty acid synthesis mechanism regulation of body fat was investigated through real-time PCR and Western blot assay.Body fat reduction was measured through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results:In HFD-induced obese mice,GCBE treatment significantly decreased body weight gain,liver weight and white adipose tissue weights with regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis hormones,like adiponectin and leptin.GCBE treatment decreased mR NA expression levels of adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism related genes in adipose tissues and the liver,and decreased the corresponding protein expression.Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements were used to compare body fat between mice on high-fat and those treated with GCBE.GCBE treated mice had a lower fat mass compared to HFD alone fed mice and relative body weight and fat mass were markedly decreased.Conclusions:GCBE has a potential anti-obesity effect with lowering body fat accumulation by regulating adipogenesis and lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins in WAT and liver.展开更多
Fetal midgut volvulus is quite rare, and most cases are associated with abnormalities of intestinal rotation or fixation. We report a case of midgut volvulus without malrotation, associated with a meconium pellet, dur...Fetal midgut volvulus is quite rare, and most cases are associated with abnormalities of intestinal rotation or fixation. We report a case of midgut volvulus without malrotation, associated with a meconium pellet, during the gestation period. This 2.79 kg, 33-wk infant was born via a spontaneous vaginal delivery caused by preterm labor. Prenatal ultrasound showed dilated bowel loops with the appearance of a 'coffee bean sign'. This patient had an unusual presentation with a distended abdomen showing skin discoloration. An emergency laparotomy revealed a midgut volvulus and a twisted small bowel, caused by complicated meconium ileus. Such nonspecific prenatal radiological signs and a low index of suspicion of a volvulus during gestation might delay appropriate surgical management and result in ischemic necrosis of the bowel. Preterm labor, specific prenatal sonographic findings (for example, the coffee bean sign) and bluish discoloration of the abdominal wall could suggest intrauterine midgut volvulus requiring prompt surgical intervention.展开更多
Coffee is commonly consumed beverage in the world and it has been suggested to have beneficial effect.Chlorogenic acids(CGAs)are main ingredient of coffee beans which has been extensively used in nutraceuticals and me...Coffee is commonly consumed beverage in the world and it has been suggested to have beneficial effect.Chlorogenic acids(CGAs)are main ingredient of coffee beans which has been extensively used in nutraceuticals and medicine.Recently,various therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acids have been investigated.However,there are limited studies to investigate its anticancer properties.In the present study,we have used chlorogenic acid complex(CGA7)a decaffeinated water soluble green coffee bean extract to evaluate its cytotoxic effect on human and mouse cancer cell lines by using different approaches.From our results we found CGA7 treatment induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner in different cancer cell lines.Further,CGA7 induced apoptosis was characterized by DNA fragmentation,PARP-1 cleavage,caspase-9 activation,and down regulation of Bcl-2,an anti-apoptotic protein and up regulation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX.Overall findings indicated that CGA7 complex a potent anticancer molecule found in green coffee beans could be a safe bioactive ingredient for prevention of cancer.展开更多
The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI)...The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI) and fixed drip irrigation( FDI) on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency of Arabica coffee were investigated under three nitrogen levels,high nitrogen( NH),middle nitrogen( NM) and low nitrogen( NL). The results show that there was a significant Logistic curve between the plant height,the stem diameter of Arabica coffee and growth days. Compared with CDI,ADI had no significant effects on leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,instantaneous water use efficiency and biomass accumulation above ground of Arabica coffee,while FDI decreased significantly,ADI and FDI increased irrigation water use efficiency by 50. 59% and 32. 85%,respectively. Compared with NH,with the reduction of N application rate,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,biomass accumulation above ground and irrigation water use efficiency decreased by 6. 81%-12. 30%,13. 70%-22. 69%,9. 61%-16. 67% and 9. 78%-15. 64%,respectively. Compared with CDINH,ADINHdecreased net photosynthesis rate and the stomatal conductance not significantly,other treatments decreased by 9. 16%-19. 22%,14. 49%-32. 91%,and decreased biomass accumulation above ground by 8. 26%-27. 34% except ADINH,and increased irrigation water use efficiency by 16. 46%-60. 95% except CDINMand CDINL. Therefore,alternate drip irrigation under high N level( ADINH) is the best water and nitrogen coupling mode of young Arabica coffee tree for water efficiency.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12174229 and 22375117)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022YQ02 and ZR2023MB149)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202306152)for financial support.
文摘Quantitative detection of trace small-sized nanoplastics(<100 nm)remains a significant challenge in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS).To tackle this issue,we developed a hydrophobic CuO@Ag nanowire substrate and introduced a multiplex-feature analysis strategy based on the coffee ring effect.This substrate not only offers high Raman enhancement but also exhibits a high probability of detection(POD),enabling rapid and accurate identification of 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics over a broad concentration range(1–10−10 wt%).Importantly,experimental results reveal a strong correlation between the coffee ring formation and the concentration of nanoplastic dispersion.By incorporating Raman signal intensity,coffee ring diameter,and POD as combined features,we established a machine learning-based mapping between nanoplastic concentration and coffee ring characteristics,allowing precise predictions of dispersion concentration.The mean squared error of these predictions is remarkably low,ranging from 0.21 to 0.54,representing a 19 fold improvement in accuracy compared to traditional linear regression-based methods.This strategy effectively integrates SERS with wettability modification techniques,ensuring high sensitivity and fingerprinting capabilities,while addressing the limitations of Raman signal intensity in accurately reflecting concentration changes at ultra-low levels,providing a new idea for precise SERS measurements of nanoplastics.
文摘The 2023 China-ASEAN Expo was a big deal for Lao’s DAO Coffee.The Lao Prime Minister personally visited the DAO Coffee booth,an act that not only testified to the brand’s exceptional quality but also signaled strong support for the country’s burgeoning coffee industry.
文摘Caffeine has been shown to reduce various health risks, such as diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases, and it may provide health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts, such as three to four cups per day. However, caffeine may exhibit harmful effects depending on the dose. Although the health benefits and disadvantages of caffeine intake have been studied, the effects of caffeine’s aroma have hardly been studied. This study aimed to examine the impact of caffeine scent on brain activity during cognitive tasks using electroencephalography (EEG). This study included 30 healthy young adults. We investigated cerebral activity using EEG during the concentration tasks. Participants performed tasks under pre- and post-conditions, including drinking coffee, smelling coffee, or drinking water. The number of correct responses and reaction times were calculated for each task, and mean power levels were analyzed. A linear mixed model was applied with “performance”, “ROI”, and “wave band” to examine the effects of conditions and timing. Significant differences were observed in left-frontal θ power (coffee α power (coffee P θ between pre- and post-task during water conditions (pre α on the frontal lobe and higher θ are associated with improved arousal and cognitive functions. Drinking coffee reduced α power, whereas smelling coffee or drinking water increased θ power. Therefore, drinking coffee, smelling coffee, and drinking water may affect cerebral activities and enhance cognitive performance.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work for work through grant number KFU242134.
文摘Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.
文摘China’s growing number of co#ee consumers helps to boost Uganda’s coffee production In recent years,China has witnessed a significant surge in co!ee consumption,driven by a growing middle class and increasing demand for specialty brews.This trend has had a profound impact on co!ee-producing countries around the world,including Uganda.
文摘Coffee is an important agricultural commodity,and its production is threatened by various diseases.It is also a source of concern for coffee-exporting countries,which is causing them to rethink their strategies for the future.Maintaining crop production requires early diagnosis.Notably,Coffee Leaf Miner(CLM)Machine learning(ML)offers promising tools for automated disease detection.Early detection of CLM is crucial for minimising yield losses.However,this study explores the effectiveness of using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)with transfer learning algorithms ResNet50,DenseNet121,MobileNet,Inception,and hybrid VGG19 for classifying coffee leaf images as healthy or CLM-infected.Leveraging the JMuBEN1 dataset,the proposed hybrid VGG19 model achieved exceptional performance,reaching 97%accuracy on both training and validation data.Additionally,high scores for precision,recall,and F1-score.The confusion matrix shows that all the test samples were correctly classified,which indicates the model’s strong performance on this dataset,demonstrating that the model is effective in distinguishing between healthy and CLM-infected leaves.This suggests strong potential for implementing this approach in real-world coffee plantations for early disease detection and improved disease management,and adapting it for practical deployment in agricultural settings.As well as supporting farmers in detecting diseases using modern,inexpensive methods that do not require specialists,and utilising deep learning technologies.
文摘1 On a Sunday morning,Zheng Shiying drove 130 kilometers to a village on the outskirts of Beijing,not for a hike or a hot spring,but for a cup of coffee.Housed in an old stone building that looks untouched by time,by the time Zheng arrived,the caféwas already packed with weekend visitors,and finding a seat was a bit of a challenge.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B20166,U21A20289)International Joint Doctoral Education Fund of Beihang University+5 种基金Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Ministry of Education(KLBE2024001)the Australian Research Council(ARC)through the Future Fellowship(FT210100298)Discovery Project(DP220100603)Linkage Project(LP210200504,LP220100088,LP230200897)Industrial Transformation Research Hub(IH240100009)schemesthe Australian Government through the Cooperative Research Centres Projects(CRCPXIII000077).
文摘Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries(AZIBs)have attracted significant attention as the most promising next-generation energy storage technology due to their low cost,inherent safety,and high energy density.However,their practical application is hindered by the poor electronic conductivity of iodine cathodes and the severe shuttling effect of intermediate polyiodides.Here,we report a novel micropores carbon framework(MCF)synthesized from waste coffee grounds via a facile carbonization-activation process.The resultant MCF features an ultrahigh specific surface area and a high density of micropores,which not only physically confine iodine species to minimize iodine loss but also enhance the electronic conductivity of the composite cathode.Furthermore,biomass-derived heteroatom dopings(nitrogen functionalities)facilitate effective chemical anchoring of polyiodide intermediates,thereby mitigating the shuttle effect.UV–visible spectroscopy and electrochemical kinetic analyses further confirm the rapid transformation and inhibition mechanism of iodine species by MCF.Consequently,the MCF/I_(2)cathode delivers superior specific capacities of 238.3 mA h g^(−1)at 0.2 A g^(−1)and maintains outstanding cycling performance with a capacity retention of 85.2%after 1200 cycles at 1.0 A g^(−1).This work not only provides an important reference for the design of high-performance iodine-host porous carbon materials but also explores new paths for the sustainable,high-value utilization of waste biomass resources.
文摘大学生科研训练（Student Research Training，SRT）计划是提高大学生科研能力的重要途径之一，也是培养国家理科基地创新性人才的重要举措。为了解决在实施SRT过程中出现的老师与学生交流不足的问题，南京农业大学引入了以Coffee Break和Seminar为主体的交流模式。经过近四年的实践探索，该模式有力地完善和保障了SRT的顺利实施，大大促进了创新型人才的培养。文章对此进行了详细的阐述。
文摘The aim of the study was to describe the drying kinetics of washed coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and evaluate the best mathematical model to fit the experimental drying data conducted with different air humidity (40%, 50% and 60%), temperatures (23, 40 and 60 °C) and the quality of the coffee. The cherries coffee were separated and standardized in the processes of washing, mechanical and manual separation. Then, approx. 85 kg of coffee cherries were pulped and taken directly to the yard. The washed coffee was completed dried in a mechanical dryer and yard. The results showed that the different conditions of the ambient air significantly influenced the processes of drying. The water content of the hygroscopic equilibrium of pulped coffee is directly proportional to the water activity and relative humidity (RH), decreasing with increasing temperature, for the same value of equilibrium. The Oswin model was best represented by the hygroscopicity of the pulped coffee, while the Midilli model shows the best fit to describe the drying curves of the washed coffee. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with increasing temperature of the drying air and reducing of RH, being described by the Arrhenius equation. Electrical conductivity, potassium leaching, total titratable acidity and grease acidity increase with increasing drying temperature regardless of the type of processing. Reducing sugars, total sugars and the sensorial quality was negatively affected with increasing drying temperature regardless of the type of processing. The drying at 60 °C/40% RH negatively affected the coffee quality.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21574130, 51473161, 51873212)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2015CB655001)National Key R&D Program of "Strategic Advanced Electronic Materials" (Nos. 2016YFB0401301, 2016YFB04011001)
文摘Polymer thin film with uniform thickness and flat surface profile is the key point for polymer light emitting diodes(PLEDs) by inkjet printing. However, the coffee ring effect is usually observed due to the mismatch between the evaporation of the solvent and the decrease of solution volume, which promotes the formation of radial flow from the interior of the drop to the edge. In this paper, coffee ring effects of inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) films were proposed to be restrained by decreasing capillary force by adding co-solvent with high boiling point and high viscosity to the main solvent. The low evaporation rate of the co-solvent can reduce the driving force of the radial flow; meanwhile the high viscosity of the co-solvent can increase the resistance of the radial flow. Thus, polymer films with improve uniformity can be obtained due to the suppression of the radial flow. The device performance was greatly improved under the condition of proper film thickness and film uniformity and the maximum luminous efficiency of devices with inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) can reach 80% of the spin-coated devices.
基金the Catholic Academic Exchange Service (Katholischer Akademischer Auslander-Dienst (KAAD)) for their financial support
文摘Various factors can affect the durability of roads, such as the strength of sub-grade, the quality of the subbase and base course, the environments and properties of the soil used. Particularly, roads built on expansive soil are susceptible to early damage due to the swelling and shrinkage characteristics of this kind of soil under changing moisture conditions. The most common technique used to improve the properties of problematic soil is stabilization with additives. Using waste materials to improve the properties of expansive soil is a recent trend in soil stabilization. This study deals with the treatment of expansive soil with coffee husk ash(CHA). Coffee husk is a by-product of coffee production, and CHA is the resulting ash after burning it. In this study, the bearing capacity and compressibility characteristics of expansive soil(specifically black cotton(BC) soil) stabilized with varying percentages of CHA(5%, 10%,15%, and 20%) are investigated. Then, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) were used to analyze the influence of CHA on surface morphology and chemical composition of the studied soil. The results showed that the soil treated with CHA is generally improved in terms of strength.Addition of 20% CHA increases the bearing capacity of the soil by three-fold. In addition, the morphological studies of the soil samples treated with 10% and 15% CHA indicated the formation of hydrated particles and cementitious compounds as a result of the reaction between the soil and CHA. This indicates the potential usage of CHA as a stabilization agent and subsequently, it can address the disposal and environmental concerns related to coffee husk.
文摘The removal of the natural organic matter present in coffee processing wastewater through chemical coagulation-flocculation and advanced oxidation processes （AOP） had been studied. The effectiveness of the removal of natural organic matter using commercial flocculants and UV/H202, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3 processes was determined under acidic conditions. For each of these processes, different operational conditions were explored to optimize the treatment efficiency of the coffee wastewater. Coffee wastewater is characterized by a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） and low total suspended solids. The outcomes of coffee wastewater treatment using coagulation-flocculation and photodegradation processes were assessed in terms of reduction of COD, color, and turbidity. It was found that a reduction in COD of 67% could be realized when the coffee wastewater was treated by chemical coagulation-flocculation with lime and coagulant T-1. When coffee wastewater was treated by coagulation-flocculation in combination with UV/H2O2, a COD reduction of 86% was achieved, although only after prolonged UV irradiation. Of the three advanced oxidation processes considered, UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3, we found that the treatment with UV/H2O2/O3 was the most effective, with an efficiency of color, turbidity and further COD removal of 87%, when applied to the flocculated coffee wastewater.
基金supported by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (No.PJ01134802)
文摘Objective:To evaluate possible lipid catabolism and body fat regulation effects of 3-caffeoylquinic acid in Green coffee bean extract(GCBE) in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.Methods:Obesity was induced in mice using a HFD for four weeks.Then,mice were fed only HFD or HFD with GCBE at 50,100,and 200 mg/kg.Fatty acid synthesis mechanism regulation of body fat was investigated through real-time PCR and Western blot assay.Body fat reduction was measured through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results:In HFD-induced obese mice,GCBE treatment significantly decreased body weight gain,liver weight and white adipose tissue weights with regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis hormones,like adiponectin and leptin.GCBE treatment decreased mR NA expression levels of adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism related genes in adipose tissues and the liver,and decreased the corresponding protein expression.Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements were used to compare body fat between mice on high-fat and those treated with GCBE.GCBE treated mice had a lower fat mass compared to HFD alone fed mice and relative body weight and fat mass were markedly decreased.Conclusions:GCBE has a potential anti-obesity effect with lowering body fat accumulation by regulating adipogenesis and lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins in WAT and liver.
文摘Fetal midgut volvulus is quite rare, and most cases are associated with abnormalities of intestinal rotation or fixation. We report a case of midgut volvulus without malrotation, associated with a meconium pellet, during the gestation period. This 2.79 kg, 33-wk infant was born via a spontaneous vaginal delivery caused by preterm labor. Prenatal ultrasound showed dilated bowel loops with the appearance of a 'coffee bean sign'. This patient had an unusual presentation with a distended abdomen showing skin discoloration. An emergency laparotomy revealed a midgut volvulus and a twisted small bowel, caused by complicated meconium ileus. Such nonspecific prenatal radiological signs and a low index of suspicion of a volvulus during gestation might delay appropriate surgical management and result in ischemic necrosis of the bowel. Preterm labor, specific prenatal sonographic findings (for example, the coffee bean sign) and bluish discoloration of the abdominal wall could suggest intrauterine midgut volvulus requiring prompt surgical intervention.
文摘Coffee is commonly consumed beverage in the world and it has been suggested to have beneficial effect.Chlorogenic acids(CGAs)are main ingredient of coffee beans which has been extensively used in nutraceuticals and medicine.Recently,various therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acids have been investigated.However,there are limited studies to investigate its anticancer properties.In the present study,we have used chlorogenic acid complex(CGA7)a decaffeinated water soluble green coffee bean extract to evaluate its cytotoxic effect on human and mouse cancer cell lines by using different approaches.From our results we found CGA7 treatment induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner in different cancer cell lines.Further,CGA7 induced apoptosis was characterized by DNA fragmentation,PARP-1 cleavage,caspase-9 activation,and down regulation of Bcl-2,an anti-apoptotic protein and up regulation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX.Overall findings indicated that CGA7 complex a potent anticancer molecule found in green coffee beans could be a safe bioactive ingredient for prevention of cancer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51109102,51469010,51769010)the basic research project of Yunnan Province(2014FB130)key project of education department in Yunnan Province(2011Z035)
文摘The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI) and fixed drip irrigation( FDI) on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency of Arabica coffee were investigated under three nitrogen levels,high nitrogen( NH),middle nitrogen( NM) and low nitrogen( NL). The results show that there was a significant Logistic curve between the plant height,the stem diameter of Arabica coffee and growth days. Compared with CDI,ADI had no significant effects on leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,instantaneous water use efficiency and biomass accumulation above ground of Arabica coffee,while FDI decreased significantly,ADI and FDI increased irrigation water use efficiency by 50. 59% and 32. 85%,respectively. Compared with NH,with the reduction of N application rate,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,biomass accumulation above ground and irrigation water use efficiency decreased by 6. 81%-12. 30%,13. 70%-22. 69%,9. 61%-16. 67% and 9. 78%-15. 64%,respectively. Compared with CDINH,ADINHdecreased net photosynthesis rate and the stomatal conductance not significantly,other treatments decreased by 9. 16%-19. 22%,14. 49%-32. 91%,and decreased biomass accumulation above ground by 8. 26%-27. 34% except ADINH,and increased irrigation water use efficiency by 16. 46%-60. 95% except CDINMand CDINL. Therefore,alternate drip irrigation under high N level( ADINH) is the best water and nitrogen coupling mode of young Arabica coffee tree for water efficiency.
