The 2023 China-ASEAN Expo was a big deal for Lao’s DAO Coffee.The Lao Prime Minister personally visited the DAO Coffee booth,an act that not only testified to the brand’s exceptional quality but also signaled strong...The 2023 China-ASEAN Expo was a big deal for Lao’s DAO Coffee.The Lao Prime Minister personally visited the DAO Coffee booth,an act that not only testified to the brand’s exceptional quality but also signaled strong support for the country’s burgeoning coffee industry.展开更多
Quantitative detection of trace small-sized nanoplastics(<100 nm)remains a significant challenge in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS).To tackle this issue,we developed a hydrophobic CuO@Ag nanowire substrate ...Quantitative detection of trace small-sized nanoplastics(<100 nm)remains a significant challenge in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS).To tackle this issue,we developed a hydrophobic CuO@Ag nanowire substrate and introduced a multiplex-feature analysis strategy based on the coffee ring effect.This substrate not only offers high Raman enhancement but also exhibits a high probability of detection(POD),enabling rapid and accurate identification of 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics over a broad concentration range(1–10−10 wt%).Importantly,experimental results reveal a strong correlation between the coffee ring formation and the concentration of nanoplastic dispersion.By incorporating Raman signal intensity,coffee ring diameter,and POD as combined features,we established a machine learning-based mapping between nanoplastic concentration and coffee ring characteristics,allowing precise predictions of dispersion concentration.The mean squared error of these predictions is remarkably low,ranging from 0.21 to 0.54,representing a 19 fold improvement in accuracy compared to traditional linear regression-based methods.This strategy effectively integrates SERS with wettability modification techniques,ensuring high sensitivity and fingerprinting capabilities,while addressing the limitations of Raman signal intensity in accurately reflecting concentration changes at ultra-low levels,providing a new idea for precise SERS measurements of nanoplastics.展开更多
Caffeine has been shown to reduce various health risks, such as diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases, and it may provide health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts, such as three to four cups per day. Howev...Caffeine has been shown to reduce various health risks, such as diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases, and it may provide health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts, such as three to four cups per day. However, caffeine may exhibit harmful effects depending on the dose. Although the health benefits and disadvantages of caffeine intake have been studied, the effects of caffeine’s aroma have hardly been studied. This study aimed to examine the impact of caffeine scent on brain activity during cognitive tasks using electroencephalography (EEG). This study included 30 healthy young adults. We investigated cerebral activity using EEG during the concentration tasks. Participants performed tasks under pre- and post-conditions, including drinking coffee, smelling coffee, or drinking water. The number of correct responses and reaction times were calculated for each task, and mean power levels were analyzed. A linear mixed model was applied with “performance”, “ROI”, and “wave band” to examine the effects of conditions and timing. Significant differences were observed in left-frontal θ power (coffee α power (coffee P θ between pre- and post-task during water conditions (pre α on the frontal lobe and higher θ are associated with improved arousal and cognitive functions. Drinking coffee reduced α power, whereas smelling coffee or drinking water increased θ power. Therefore, drinking coffee, smelling coffee, and drinking water may affect cerebral activities and enhance cognitive performance.展开更多
Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by t...Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.展开更多
China’s growing number of co#ee consumers helps to boost Uganda’s coffee production In recent years,China has witnessed a significant surge in co!ee consumption,driven by a growing middle class and increasing demand...China’s growing number of co#ee consumers helps to boost Uganda’s coffee production In recent years,China has witnessed a significant surge in co!ee consumption,driven by a growing middle class and increasing demand for specialty brews.This trend has had a profound impact on co!ee-producing countries around the world,including Uganda.展开更多
Coffee is an important agricultural commodity,and its production is threatened by various diseases.It is also a source of concern for coffee-exporting countries,which is causing them to rethink their strategies for th...Coffee is an important agricultural commodity,and its production is threatened by various diseases.It is also a source of concern for coffee-exporting countries,which is causing them to rethink their strategies for the future.Maintaining crop production requires early diagnosis.Notably,Coffee Leaf Miner(CLM)Machine learning(ML)offers promising tools for automated disease detection.Early detection of CLM is crucial for minimising yield losses.However,this study explores the effectiveness of using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)with transfer learning algorithms ResNet50,DenseNet121,MobileNet,Inception,and hybrid VGG19 for classifying coffee leaf images as healthy or CLM-infected.Leveraging the JMuBEN1 dataset,the proposed hybrid VGG19 model achieved exceptional performance,reaching 97%accuracy on both training and validation data.Additionally,high scores for precision,recall,and F1-score.The confusion matrix shows that all the test samples were correctly classified,which indicates the model’s strong performance on this dataset,demonstrating that the model is effective in distinguishing between healthy and CLM-infected leaves.This suggests strong potential for implementing this approach in real-world coffee plantations for early disease detection and improved disease management,and adapting it for practical deployment in agricultural settings.As well as supporting farmers in detecting diseases using modern,inexpensive methods that do not require specialists,and utilising deep learning technologies.展开更多
1 On a Sunday morning,Zheng Shiying drove 130 kilometers to a village on the outskirts of Beijing,not for a hike or a hot spring,but for a cup of coffee.Housed in an old stone building that looks untouched by time,by ...1 On a Sunday morning,Zheng Shiying drove 130 kilometers to a village on the outskirts of Beijing,not for a hike or a hot spring,but for a cup of coffee.Housed in an old stone building that looks untouched by time,by the time Zheng arrived,the caféwas already packed with weekend visitors,and finding a seat was a bit of a challenge.展开更多
Based upon qualitative parameters experiments, this study aims to investigate how the elements of the environment, where the coffee is produced, contribute to the final quality of the product. For the analyses, it was...Based upon qualitative parameters experiments, this study aims to investigate how the elements of the environment, where the coffee is produced, contribute to the final quality of the product. For the analyses, it was used approximately one kilogram of coffee cherry samples collected in 14 municipalities previously chosen on the East side of the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The coffee cherry samples were collected and analyzed for each of the two varieties in four levels of altitude for each exposure side of the mountain in relation to the Sun. The quality of the coffee was evaluated through the analysis of its physical characteristics and sensory analysis, popularly known as "Test of drink or Cupping" carried out by three tasters that belonging to the group of Q-Graders, according to the rules of national and international competitions of the Brazilian Association of Special Coffees (BSCA). Were performed analysis by means descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis, all of them aiming to study the individual sensory characteristics of quality of the coffee beverage from the “Matas de Minas” region. Path coefficient analysis also was carried out for the partition of the phenotypic correlation coefficients into measures of direct and indirect effects, in order to determine the individual sensory characteristics that played a major role in the beverage final score. The results demonstrate that it is not possible to conclusively establish the differences among coffees evaluated with basis on varieties and environmental factors previously cited. It can be concluded that it is not recommended to associate the quality of coffee only to a specific factor whether from the environment or being it a specific of the culture of coffee. However, the cafes that were evaluated had intrinsic quality, which were derived from the specific characteristics of the “Matas de Minas” region where they were grown.展开更多
大学生科研训练（Student Research Training，SRT）计划是提高大学生科研能力的重要途径之一，也是培养国家理科基地创新性人才的重要举措。为了解决在实施SRT过程中出现的老师与学生交流不足的问题，南京农业大学引入了以Coffee Break...大学生科研训练（Student Research Training，SRT）计划是提高大学生科研能力的重要途径之一，也是培养国家理科基地创新性人才的重要举措。为了解决在实施SRT过程中出现的老师与学生交流不足的问题，南京农业大学引入了以Coffee Break和Seminar为主体的交流模式。经过近四年的实践探索，该模式有力地完善和保障了SRT的顺利实施，大大促进了创新型人才的培养。文章对此进行了详细的阐述。展开更多
Background:Green coffee beans contain biochemical compounds including caffeine,chlorogenic acid,trigonelline,and diterpenoid alcohols.In traditional Iranian medicine,coffee bean powder is used for the treatment of wou...Background:Green coffee beans contain biochemical compounds including caffeine,chlorogenic acid,trigonelline,and diterpenoid alcohols.In traditional Iranian medicine,coffee bean powder is used for the treatment of wounds.Previous studies have shown that green coffee bean extract has a number of health benefits,including induction of weight loss,reduced blood pressure,and hepatoprotective and anti-Parkinson effects.The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing activity of green coffee bean extract on a full-thickness wound model.Methods:Full-thickness wounds of 20×20 mm were created on the back of New Zealand white rabbits.The animals were divided into 6 groups.Three concentrations of green coffee bean extract(5%,10%,and 15%w/w)in a eucerin base were applied over the wounds in 3 test groups.One percent phenytoin cream was used in one group as a positive control.The rabbits of negative control and vehicle groups received no treatment and eucerin,respectively.For the evaluation of green coffee bean extract’s wound-healing effects,measures included:(1)wound-closure rate,by daily measuring of the wound surface area and calculating the reduction in area;(2)period of epithelialization,the number of days until the scab dropped from the wound;(3)hydroxyproline content,measured by a hydroxyproline assay kit;(4)lipid peroxidation,measured by a lipid peroxidation assay kit;and(5)histopathological state(hematoxylin-eosin stain)of wound-tissue samples on days 7 and 14 post-wounding.Results:The results of this study showed significantly enhanced wound-closure rate,shorter period of epithelialization(P<0.01),increased hydroxyproline content(P<0.001)and suppressed lipid peroxidation(P<0.001 on day 14)of wounds on animals treated with the 10%green coffee bean extract compared to the negative control and eucerin-treated groups.Moreover,the therapeutic effects of 10%green coffee bean were significantly superior than those of phenytoin on enhancing wound-closure rate,decreasing period of epithelialization(P<0.05),increasing hydroxyproline content(P<0.001 on day 7 and P<0.0001 on day 14)and suppressing lipid peroxidation(P<0.0001 on day 14).In addition,histopathological study supported the wound healing activity of green coffee bean extract.Conclusion:Our results showed that green coffee bean extract has a potential for promoting wound healing,thus supporting its traditional use for this purpose.展开更多
A participatory breeding on Arabica coffee involving farmers and plant breeders to select superior local varieties has been conducted at Lintong highland （North Sumatra）, Gayo highland （Central Aceh, Northern Suma...A participatory breeding on Arabica coffee involving farmers and plant breeders to select superior local varieties has been conducted at Lintong highland （North Sumatra）, Gayo highland （Central Aceh, Northern Sumatra） and Kendenan Plateau （Enrekang, South Sulawesi）. The aim of using this method was to find out superior varieties of Arabica coffee having appropriate specific traits and adaptable to such locations and accelerating the process of variety adoption by local farmers. Selection process was initiated by the farmer（s） based on high yielding performance by using their native experiences. The next step was conducted by plant breeder in collaboration with coffee farmers and other relevant scientists to evaluate more detail of cup quality, resistance to leaf rust and/or parasitic nematode as well as yielding potential and agronomic traits at different farmer＇s sites for several years observations. Research finding showed that three selected varieties namely Sigarar Utang, Gayo 1 and Gayo 2 had already been released by Minister of Agriculture for commercial planting at North Sumatera and Gayo highland. They performed excellent cup profile with high yielding ability （more than 1 t/ha） and tolerant to leaf rust disease. Therefore, it could support origin specialty coffee product at Gayo and Lintong highlands. However, observation over of selected local variety at Kendenan Plateau namely Salongge variety performed lower yielding ability （below 1 t/ha） and less stable yield over years as well as more heterogenous population in their offsprings than that of existing released varieties planted at the same location. Therefore, it could not be released as local varieties which adapted to specific location.展开更多
Coffee longhorn beetles are major trunk-boring pests of coffee trees,which are widely distributed in most areas of China.The biological characteristics,damage characteristics,life history and control techniques of two...Coffee longhorn beetles are major trunk-boring pests of coffee trees,which are widely distributed in most areas of China.The biological characteristics,damage characteristics,life history and control techniques of two species of coffee longhorn beetles are reported in this paper.展开更多
The distribution of key diseases of coffee particularly the Coffee berry disease （CBD） and Coffee leaf rust （CLR） in Kenya depended on coffee growing agro-ecological zones, which have varied climatic conditions. U...The distribution of key diseases of coffee particularly the Coffee berry disease （CBD） and Coffee leaf rust （CLR） in Kenya depended on coffee growing agro-ecological zones, which have varied climatic conditions. Under the changing climate, there has been an observed shift in their altitudinal distribution. To ascertain whether these diseases have shifted in their distribution, an extensive field survey covering 120 coffee farmers/households in all the coffee growing agro ecological zones was conducted. The survey established four coffee diseases; -viz. Coffee berry disease, Coffee leaf rust, Fusarium root disease （FRD） and Bacterial blight of coffee （BBC） as of economic importance to the farming community. The CBD, CLR and FRD were widely distributed in all coffee growing agro ecological zones. Of the four diseases, the CBD （65%） and CLR （63.3%） were most common as reported by the farmers, however these diseases dominated in their respective agro ecological zones; CBD （72.2%） in Upper Midland 1 （UM1） and CLR （75.0%） in Upper Midland 2 （UM2）. Both diseases equally infected coffee farms （69.2%） in main coffee zone （UM2）. According to the survey said diseases have increased their altitudinal range, a trend that will increase diseases pressure in coffee growing areas.展开更多
The research was carried out to study the effect of varying certain ecological conditions in the coffee through the implementation of different agronomic practices such as regulation of the shade, ground cover and reh...The research was carried out to study the effect of varying certain ecological conditions in the coffee through the implementation of different agronomic practices such as regulation of the shade, ground cover and rehabilitation of plantations on the populations of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, it was also evaluated the influence of these conditions in the introduction and transfer of new variants of application of the fungus Beauveria bassiana （Balsamo） Vuillemin. The results showed that the pest damage was lower under a system of sustainable coffee, designed after the restoration of the population density of coffee, conducting systematic pruning and plant health, sanitation of the forest, shade management to double stratum with scattered light intensity of 60-70% and a combination of systems of denominated handling of weeds （Strip weeding - Ring weeding）, it was found that under these conditions the technical effectiveness of the fungus B. bassiana was higher compared with applications made in the trees less enlightened, being more advantageous to spray the foliage four times with a frequency of 40 days from 60 days to peak flowering with positive economic indicators even when used as single biological control strategy against the coffee berry borer.展开更多
The present study reports a physicochemical comparison of shade-grown and sun-grown coffee beans, under unripe, rip and roasted-ripe conditions, using electrical conductivity measurements, electron paramagnetic resona...The present study reports a physicochemical comparison of shade-grown and sun-grown coffee beans, under unripe, rip and roasted-ripe conditions, using electrical conductivity measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the assessed physicochemical parameters were compared with organoleptic evaluations based on the Coffee Quality Institute protocol. The values found for electrical conductivity, leached potassium, and stable free radicals were respectively 29%, 31%, and 350% higher for shade-grown coffee beans, whereas polyphenol oxidase enzymatic activity was 23% lower. By contrast, FTIR and HPLC measurements identified higher chlorogenic acid and lipid contents in sun-grown coffee beans. Importantly, the sensorial grade attributed to roasted-ripe grains was 12% higher for sun-grown coffee. Our findings suggest that shade-grown coffee beans have undergone microorganismal activity and undesired fermentation during cultivation, which resulted in lower coffee quality. A correlation between a set of selected physicochemical properties and organoleptic properties was robustly established and could be used in the development of future coffee bean quality control protocols.展开更多
Polymer thin film with uniform thickness and flat surface profile is the key point for polymer light emitting diodes(PLEDs) by inkjet printing. However, the coffee ring effect is usually observed due to the mismatch b...Polymer thin film with uniform thickness and flat surface profile is the key point for polymer light emitting diodes(PLEDs) by inkjet printing. However, the coffee ring effect is usually observed due to the mismatch between the evaporation of the solvent and the decrease of solution volume, which promotes the formation of radial flow from the interior of the drop to the edge. In this paper, coffee ring effects of inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) films were proposed to be restrained by decreasing capillary force by adding co-solvent with high boiling point and high viscosity to the main solvent. The low evaporation rate of the co-solvent can reduce the driving force of the radial flow; meanwhile the high viscosity of the co-solvent can increase the resistance of the radial flow. Thus, polymer films with improve uniformity can be obtained due to the suppression of the radial flow. The device performance was greatly improved under the condition of proper film thickness and film uniformity and the maximum luminous efficiency of devices with inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) can reach 80% of the spin-coated devices.展开更多
Various factors can affect the durability of roads, such as the strength of sub-grade, the quality of the subbase and base course, the environments and properties of the soil used. Particularly, roads built on expansi...Various factors can affect the durability of roads, such as the strength of sub-grade, the quality of the subbase and base course, the environments and properties of the soil used. Particularly, roads built on expansive soil are susceptible to early damage due to the swelling and shrinkage characteristics of this kind of soil under changing moisture conditions. The most common technique used to improve the properties of problematic soil is stabilization with additives. Using waste materials to improve the properties of expansive soil is a recent trend in soil stabilization. This study deals with the treatment of expansive soil with coffee husk ash(CHA). Coffee husk is a by-product of coffee production, and CHA is the resulting ash after burning it. In this study, the bearing capacity and compressibility characteristics of expansive soil(specifically black cotton(BC) soil) stabilized with varying percentages of CHA(5%, 10%,15%, and 20%) are investigated. Then, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) were used to analyze the influence of CHA on surface morphology and chemical composition of the studied soil. The results showed that the soil treated with CHA is generally improved in terms of strength.Addition of 20% CHA increases the bearing capacity of the soil by three-fold. In addition, the morphological studies of the soil samples treated with 10% and 15% CHA indicated the formation of hydrated particles and cementitious compounds as a result of the reaction between the soil and CHA. This indicates the potential usage of CHA as a stabilization agent and subsequently, it can address the disposal and environmental concerns related to coffee husk.展开更多
文摘The 2023 China-ASEAN Expo was a big deal for Lao’s DAO Coffee.The Lao Prime Minister personally visited the DAO Coffee booth,an act that not only testified to the brand’s exceptional quality but also signaled strong support for the country’s burgeoning coffee industry.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12174229 and 22375117)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022YQ02 and ZR2023MB149)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202306152)for financial support.
文摘Quantitative detection of trace small-sized nanoplastics(<100 nm)remains a significant challenge in surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS).To tackle this issue,we developed a hydrophobic CuO@Ag nanowire substrate and introduced a multiplex-feature analysis strategy based on the coffee ring effect.This substrate not only offers high Raman enhancement but also exhibits a high probability of detection(POD),enabling rapid and accurate identification of 50 nm polystyrene nanoplastics over a broad concentration range(1–10−10 wt%).Importantly,experimental results reveal a strong correlation between the coffee ring formation and the concentration of nanoplastic dispersion.By incorporating Raman signal intensity,coffee ring diameter,and POD as combined features,we established a machine learning-based mapping between nanoplastic concentration and coffee ring characteristics,allowing precise predictions of dispersion concentration.The mean squared error of these predictions is remarkably low,ranging from 0.21 to 0.54,representing a 19 fold improvement in accuracy compared to traditional linear regression-based methods.This strategy effectively integrates SERS with wettability modification techniques,ensuring high sensitivity and fingerprinting capabilities,while addressing the limitations of Raman signal intensity in accurately reflecting concentration changes at ultra-low levels,providing a new idea for precise SERS measurements of nanoplastics.
文摘Caffeine has been shown to reduce various health risks, such as diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases, and it may provide health benefits when consumed in moderate amounts, such as three to four cups per day. However, caffeine may exhibit harmful effects depending on the dose. Although the health benefits and disadvantages of caffeine intake have been studied, the effects of caffeine’s aroma have hardly been studied. This study aimed to examine the impact of caffeine scent on brain activity during cognitive tasks using electroencephalography (EEG). This study included 30 healthy young adults. We investigated cerebral activity using EEG during the concentration tasks. Participants performed tasks under pre- and post-conditions, including drinking coffee, smelling coffee, or drinking water. The number of correct responses and reaction times were calculated for each task, and mean power levels were analyzed. A linear mixed model was applied with “performance”, “ROI”, and “wave band” to examine the effects of conditions and timing. Significant differences were observed in left-frontal θ power (coffee α power (coffee P θ between pre- and post-task during water conditions (pre α on the frontal lobe and higher θ are associated with improved arousal and cognitive functions. Drinking coffee reduced α power, whereas smelling coffee or drinking water increased θ power. Therefore, drinking coffee, smelling coffee, and drinking water may affect cerebral activities and enhance cognitive performance.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work for work through grant number KFU242134.
文摘Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.
文摘China’s growing number of co#ee consumers helps to boost Uganda’s coffee production In recent years,China has witnessed a significant surge in co!ee consumption,driven by a growing middle class and increasing demand for specialty brews.This trend has had a profound impact on co!ee-producing countries around the world,including Uganda.
文摘Coffee is an important agricultural commodity,and its production is threatened by various diseases.It is also a source of concern for coffee-exporting countries,which is causing them to rethink their strategies for the future.Maintaining crop production requires early diagnosis.Notably,Coffee Leaf Miner(CLM)Machine learning(ML)offers promising tools for automated disease detection.Early detection of CLM is crucial for minimising yield losses.However,this study explores the effectiveness of using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)with transfer learning algorithms ResNet50,DenseNet121,MobileNet,Inception,and hybrid VGG19 for classifying coffee leaf images as healthy or CLM-infected.Leveraging the JMuBEN1 dataset,the proposed hybrid VGG19 model achieved exceptional performance,reaching 97%accuracy on both training and validation data.Additionally,high scores for precision,recall,and F1-score.The confusion matrix shows that all the test samples were correctly classified,which indicates the model’s strong performance on this dataset,demonstrating that the model is effective in distinguishing between healthy and CLM-infected leaves.This suggests strong potential for implementing this approach in real-world coffee plantations for early disease detection and improved disease management,and adapting it for practical deployment in agricultural settings.As well as supporting farmers in detecting diseases using modern,inexpensive methods that do not require specialists,and utilising deep learning technologies.
文摘1 On a Sunday morning,Zheng Shiying drove 130 kilometers to a village on the outskirts of Beijing,not for a hike or a hot spring,but for a cup of coffee.Housed in an old stone building that looks untouched by time,by the time Zheng arrived,the caféwas already packed with weekend visitors,and finding a seat was a bit of a challenge.
文摘Based upon qualitative parameters experiments, this study aims to investigate how the elements of the environment, where the coffee is produced, contribute to the final quality of the product. For the analyses, it was used approximately one kilogram of coffee cherry samples collected in 14 municipalities previously chosen on the East side of the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The coffee cherry samples were collected and analyzed for each of the two varieties in four levels of altitude for each exposure side of the mountain in relation to the Sun. The quality of the coffee was evaluated through the analysis of its physical characteristics and sensory analysis, popularly known as "Test of drink or Cupping" carried out by three tasters that belonging to the group of Q-Graders, according to the rules of national and international competitions of the Brazilian Association of Special Coffees (BSCA). Were performed analysis by means descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis, all of them aiming to study the individual sensory characteristics of quality of the coffee beverage from the “Matas de Minas” region. Path coefficient analysis also was carried out for the partition of the phenotypic correlation coefficients into measures of direct and indirect effects, in order to determine the individual sensory characteristics that played a major role in the beverage final score. The results demonstrate that it is not possible to conclusively establish the differences among coffees evaluated with basis on varieties and environmental factors previously cited. It can be concluded that it is not recommended to associate the quality of coffee only to a specific factor whether from the environment or being it a specific of the culture of coffee. However, the cafes that were evaluated had intrinsic quality, which were derived from the specific characteristics of the “Matas de Minas” region where they were grown.
文摘大学生科研训练（Student Research Training，SRT）计划是提高大学生科研能力的重要途径之一，也是培养国家理科基地创新性人才的重要举措。为了解决在实施SRT过程中出现的老师与学生交流不足的问题，南京农业大学引入了以Coffee Break和Seminar为主体的交流模式。经过近四年的实践探索，该模式有力地完善和保障了SRT的顺利实施，大大促进了创新型人才的培养。文章对此进行了详细的阐述。
基金This study was financially supported by Vice-Chancellor of Research and Technology,Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran(Gran no,9509095210).
文摘Background:Green coffee beans contain biochemical compounds including caffeine,chlorogenic acid,trigonelline,and diterpenoid alcohols.In traditional Iranian medicine,coffee bean powder is used for the treatment of wounds.Previous studies have shown that green coffee bean extract has a number of health benefits,including induction of weight loss,reduced blood pressure,and hepatoprotective and anti-Parkinson effects.The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing activity of green coffee bean extract on a full-thickness wound model.Methods:Full-thickness wounds of 20×20 mm were created on the back of New Zealand white rabbits.The animals were divided into 6 groups.Three concentrations of green coffee bean extract(5%,10%,and 15%w/w)in a eucerin base were applied over the wounds in 3 test groups.One percent phenytoin cream was used in one group as a positive control.The rabbits of negative control and vehicle groups received no treatment and eucerin,respectively.For the evaluation of green coffee bean extract’s wound-healing effects,measures included:(1)wound-closure rate,by daily measuring of the wound surface area and calculating the reduction in area;(2)period of epithelialization,the number of days until the scab dropped from the wound;(3)hydroxyproline content,measured by a hydroxyproline assay kit;(4)lipid peroxidation,measured by a lipid peroxidation assay kit;and(5)histopathological state(hematoxylin-eosin stain)of wound-tissue samples on days 7 and 14 post-wounding.Results:The results of this study showed significantly enhanced wound-closure rate,shorter period of epithelialization(P<0.01),increased hydroxyproline content(P<0.001)and suppressed lipid peroxidation(P<0.001 on day 14)of wounds on animals treated with the 10%green coffee bean extract compared to the negative control and eucerin-treated groups.Moreover,the therapeutic effects of 10%green coffee bean were significantly superior than those of phenytoin on enhancing wound-closure rate,decreasing period of epithelialization(P<0.05),increasing hydroxyproline content(P<0.001 on day 7 and P<0.0001 on day 14)and suppressing lipid peroxidation(P<0.0001 on day 14).In addition,histopathological study supported the wound healing activity of green coffee bean extract.Conclusion:Our results showed that green coffee bean extract has a potential for promoting wound healing,thus supporting its traditional use for this purpose.
文摘A participatory breeding on Arabica coffee involving farmers and plant breeders to select superior local varieties has been conducted at Lintong highland （North Sumatra）, Gayo highland （Central Aceh, Northern Sumatra） and Kendenan Plateau （Enrekang, South Sulawesi）. The aim of using this method was to find out superior varieties of Arabica coffee having appropriate specific traits and adaptable to such locations and accelerating the process of variety adoption by local farmers. Selection process was initiated by the farmer（s） based on high yielding performance by using their native experiences. The next step was conducted by plant breeder in collaboration with coffee farmers and other relevant scientists to evaluate more detail of cup quality, resistance to leaf rust and/or parasitic nematode as well as yielding potential and agronomic traits at different farmer＇s sites for several years observations. Research finding showed that three selected varieties namely Sigarar Utang, Gayo 1 and Gayo 2 had already been released by Minister of Agriculture for commercial planting at North Sumatera and Gayo highland. They performed excellent cup profile with high yielding ability （more than 1 t/ha） and tolerant to leaf rust disease. Therefore, it could support origin specialty coffee product at Gayo and Lintong highlands. However, observation over of selected local variety at Kendenan Plateau namely Salongge variety performed lower yielding ability （below 1 t/ha） and less stable yield over years as well as more heterogenous population in their offsprings than that of existing released varieties planted at the same location. Therefore, it could not be released as local varieties which adapted to specific location.
基金Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Guangdong Province(S202110580043)。
文摘Coffee longhorn beetles are major trunk-boring pests of coffee trees,which are widely distributed in most areas of China.The biological characteristics,damage characteristics,life history and control techniques of two species of coffee longhorn beetles are reported in this paper.
文摘The distribution of key diseases of coffee particularly the Coffee berry disease （CBD） and Coffee leaf rust （CLR） in Kenya depended on coffee growing agro-ecological zones, which have varied climatic conditions. Under the changing climate, there has been an observed shift in their altitudinal distribution. To ascertain whether these diseases have shifted in their distribution, an extensive field survey covering 120 coffee farmers/households in all the coffee growing agro ecological zones was conducted. The survey established four coffee diseases; -viz. Coffee berry disease, Coffee leaf rust, Fusarium root disease （FRD） and Bacterial blight of coffee （BBC） as of economic importance to the farming community. The CBD, CLR and FRD were widely distributed in all coffee growing agro ecological zones. Of the four diseases, the CBD （65%） and CLR （63.3%） were most common as reported by the farmers, however these diseases dominated in their respective agro ecological zones; CBD （72.2%） in Upper Midland 1 （UM1） and CLR （75.0%） in Upper Midland 2 （UM2）. Both diseases equally infected coffee farms （69.2%） in main coffee zone （UM2）. According to the survey said diseases have increased their altitudinal range, a trend that will increase diseases pressure in coffee growing areas.
文摘The research was carried out to study the effect of varying certain ecological conditions in the coffee through the implementation of different agronomic practices such as regulation of the shade, ground cover and rehabilitation of plantations on the populations of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, it was also evaluated the influence of these conditions in the introduction and transfer of new variants of application of the fungus Beauveria bassiana （Balsamo） Vuillemin. The results showed that the pest damage was lower under a system of sustainable coffee, designed after the restoration of the population density of coffee, conducting systematic pruning and plant health, sanitation of the forest, shade management to double stratum with scattered light intensity of 60-70% and a combination of systems of denominated handling of weeds （Strip weeding - Ring weeding）, it was found that under these conditions the technical effectiveness of the fungus B. bassiana was higher compared with applications made in the trees less enlightened, being more advantageous to spray the foliage four times with a frequency of 40 days from 60 days to peak flowering with positive economic indicators even when used as single biological control strategy against the coffee berry borer.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support from CNPq and FAPES Brazilian Government Agenciesalso the Laboratorio de Ciencias Fisicas,from Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
文摘The present study reports a physicochemical comparison of shade-grown and sun-grown coffee beans, under unripe, rip and roasted-ripe conditions, using electrical conductivity measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the assessed physicochemical parameters were compared with organoleptic evaluations based on the Coffee Quality Institute protocol. The values found for electrical conductivity, leached potassium, and stable free radicals were respectively 29%, 31%, and 350% higher for shade-grown coffee beans, whereas polyphenol oxidase enzymatic activity was 23% lower. By contrast, FTIR and HPLC measurements identified higher chlorogenic acid and lipid contents in sun-grown coffee beans. Importantly, the sensorial grade attributed to roasted-ripe grains was 12% higher for sun-grown coffee. Our findings suggest that shade-grown coffee beans have undergone microorganismal activity and undesired fermentation during cultivation, which resulted in lower coffee quality. A correlation between a set of selected physicochemical properties and organoleptic properties was robustly established and could be used in the development of future coffee bean quality control protocols.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21574130, 51473161, 51873212)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2015CB655001)National Key R&D Program of "Strategic Advanced Electronic Materials" (Nos. 2016YFB0401301, 2016YFB04011001)
文摘Polymer thin film with uniform thickness and flat surface profile is the key point for polymer light emitting diodes(PLEDs) by inkjet printing. However, the coffee ring effect is usually observed due to the mismatch between the evaporation of the solvent and the decrease of solution volume, which promotes the formation of radial flow from the interior of the drop to the edge. In this paper, coffee ring effects of inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) films were proposed to be restrained by decreasing capillary force by adding co-solvent with high boiling point and high viscosity to the main solvent. The low evaporation rate of the co-solvent can reduce the driving force of the radial flow; meanwhile the high viscosity of the co-solvent can increase the resistance of the radial flow. Thus, polymer films with improve uniformity can be obtained due to the suppression of the radial flow. The device performance was greatly improved under the condition of proper film thickness and film uniformity and the maximum luminous efficiency of devices with inkjet printed poly(spirobifluorene) can reach 80% of the spin-coated devices.
基金the Catholic Academic Exchange Service (Katholischer Akademischer Auslander-Dienst (KAAD)) for their financial support
文摘Various factors can affect the durability of roads, such as the strength of sub-grade, the quality of the subbase and base course, the environments and properties of the soil used. Particularly, roads built on expansive soil are susceptible to early damage due to the swelling and shrinkage characteristics of this kind of soil under changing moisture conditions. The most common technique used to improve the properties of problematic soil is stabilization with additives. Using waste materials to improve the properties of expansive soil is a recent trend in soil stabilization. This study deals with the treatment of expansive soil with coffee husk ash(CHA). Coffee husk is a by-product of coffee production, and CHA is the resulting ash after burning it. In this study, the bearing capacity and compressibility characteristics of expansive soil(specifically black cotton(BC) soil) stabilized with varying percentages of CHA(5%, 10%,15%, and 20%) are investigated. Then, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) were used to analyze the influence of CHA on surface morphology and chemical composition of the studied soil. The results showed that the soil treated with CHA is generally improved in terms of strength.Addition of 20% CHA increases the bearing capacity of the soil by three-fold. In addition, the morphological studies of the soil samples treated with 10% and 15% CHA indicated the formation of hydrated particles and cementitious compounds as a result of the reaction between the soil and CHA. This indicates the potential usage of CHA as a stabilization agent and subsequently, it can address the disposal and environmental concerns related to coffee husk.
