Objective. To study the characteristics of changes of LDH enzyme patterns of mice under slight hypoxia.Methods. Mice treated with artificial hypoxia, various tissues were made for the test of LDH enzymatic activity by...Objective. To study the characteristics of changes of LDH enzyme patterns of mice under slight hypoxia.Methods. Mice treated with artificial hypoxia, various tissues were made for the test of LDH enzymatic activity by the specific staining technique. LDH (1 -5) relative percentage enzymatic activity (RPEA) were measured with CS-910 dual-wavelength thin layer chromatography scanner.Results. The RPEA of LDH isozymes of various tissues after slight hypoxia shifted to the isozymes LDH1 and LDH2, whose principal subunits are H subunits, and the RPEA of LDH,(H4), LDH2(H3M) increased, while RPEA of LDH5(M4) in various tissues decreased prominently except the cardiac muscle, and that of LDH4(HM3) decreased as well. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the hypoxia treated cardiac muscle specimen was made, activity subbands originated regularly in the isozyme patterns of LDH, with the regularity of LDH1 (0 subband), LDH2 (0-1 subbands), LDH3 (0-2 subbands), LDH4 (1-3 subbands), LDH5 (2-4 subbands). After adding appropriate amount of NAD+ to the hypoxia treated cardiac muscle specimen, PAGE showed the subbands of four isozymes (LDH2-LDH5) reduced or even totally disappeared in the isozyme patterns.Conclusions. The negative feedback regulation of coenzymization and decoenzymization of LDH isozymes is one of the mouse stress responses to slight hypoxia.展开更多
Background: Post-workout supplementation has been used in athletes and recreational exercisers;however, responses between normal and overweight individuals on exercise performance and muscle recovery are less known.Me...Background: Post-workout supplementation has been used in athletes and recreational exercisers;however, responses between normal and overweight individuals on exercise performance and muscle recovery are less known.Methods: Normal and overweight young adult males(21 subjects/group) participated in resistance and fatiguing exercises before receiving post-workout supplements: placebo, coenzyme Q10(CoQ10), or sports drink in a crossover design. Resistance exercises included upper body exercise(bench press, upright row, and standing shoulder press) and lower body exercise(dead lift, back squat, and front squat) at 75% of one-repetition maximum(1 RM). Fatiguing exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer with 3 min of all-out effort at 3.5% of body mass. Participants consumed post-workout supplements within 10 min of exercise completion and repeated-bout exercise was performed 1 h later, followed by cardiovascular responses, urinary biomarkers, and delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) assessments.Results: There were effects of overweight on resistance exercise volume, critical power, fatigue index, and postexercise diastolic blood pressure(DBP). However, no differences in urinary biomarkers of muscle damage(potassium and creatinine) or DOMS between normal and overweight individuals. After supplementation, CoQ10 and sports drink increased resistance exercise volume regardless of body mass and increased critical power in the normal group. Additionally, CoQ10 supplementation was associated with a reduction in urinary biomarkers and DOMS in both groups.Conclusion: These findings are beneficial for sport scientists, nutritionists, and exercise physiologists in guiding post-workout supplementation with CoQ10 and sports drink to improve exercise performance and muscle recovery in normal and overweight individuals.展开更多
Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E are among the most widely consumed nutritional supplements in China owing to their antioxidant and other health-promoting properties.This study aimed to establish an accurate and efficient a...Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E are among the most widely consumed nutritional supplements in China owing to their antioxidant and other health-promoting properties.This study aimed to establish an accurate and efficient analytical method for the simultaneous determination of these two compounds in commercial softgel capsules,which is essential for rigorous quality control.Herein,a proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR)method was developed and validated using coumarin as an internal standard.Characteristic signals at 3.997 ppm for coenzyme Q10 and 2.621 ppm for vitamin E were selected for quantification.The method demonstrated excellent performance in terms of precision(relative standard deviation<2%),specificity(resolution>1.5),and stability(24-h variation<3%).The validation results complied with the China Food and Drug Administration guidelines,demonstrating high accuracy.Application to products from four different manufacturers showed compound contents ranging from 98.2%to 102.4%of label amounts.These findings support^(1)H NMR spectroscopy as a rapid,precise,and reliable approach for the simultaneous quality assessment of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E formulations.展开更多
Decreased brain levels of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),an endogenously synthesized lipophilic antioxidant1,2,underpin encephalopathy in primary CoQ10 deficiencies3,4 and are associated with common neurodegenerative diseases an...Decreased brain levels of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),an endogenously synthesized lipophilic antioxidant1,2,underpin encephalopathy in primary CoQ10 deficiencies3,4 and are associated with common neurodegenerative diseases and the ageing process5,6.CoQ10 supplementation does not increase CoQ10 pools in the brain or in other tissues.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of two doses of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)on semen parameters,sperm DNA damage,and the partner pregnancy rate in men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.Methods:250 patients with id...Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of two doses of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)on semen parameters,sperm DNA damage,and the partner pregnancy rate in men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.Methods:250 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia were examined.The first group(n=125)received 100 mg/day of CoQ10 and the second group(n=125)received 200 mg/day of CoQ10 orally for 6 months.Semen parameters,DNA fragmentation index(DFI)and the partner pregnancy rate were analyzed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.Results:Comparing with baseline data,treatment with CoQ10(100 mg/day or 200 mg/day)resulted in a significant increase in sperm concentration(both P<0.001),a significant improvement in progressive motility and total motile sperm count(P=0.05,P=0.001,respectively).The mean DFI was significantly improved after treatment with CoQ10 at 100 mg/day and at 200 mg/day,after 6 months of treatment(P<0.01).Moreover,CoQ10 significantly improved the partner pregnancy rate.A strongest correlation was found between seminal fluid parameters and DFI(P<0.001).Conclusions:CoQ10 is effective in improving semen parameters,DFI and on the partner pregnancy rate after 6 months with CoQ10 at two doses,with a greater improvement shown in men who took 200 mg/day than in those who took 100 mg/day.展开更多
To the Editor:The recent study by Rochdi et al[1]comparing the effects of two coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)doses(100 mg/day vs.200 mg/day)on male fertility parameters represents a significant advancement in evidence-based treat...To the Editor:The recent study by Rochdi et al[1]comparing the effects of two coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)doses(100 mg/day vs.200 mg/day)on male fertility parameters represents a significant advancement in evidence-based treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.The findings demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship with profound clinical implications that deserve focused attention.The most compelling finding is the 53%relative increase in pregnancy rates between the higher and lower dose groups(23%vs.15%,P<0.001).This 8-percentage point absolute difference translates to a number needed to treat(NNT)of 12.5,meaning that for every 12-13 men treated with the higher dose instead of the lower dose,one additional pregnancy would be achieved.Given that male factor infertility contributes to approximately 50%of all infertility cases globally,this dose-response relationship has immediate clinical relevance.展开更多
Conventional nutritional supplements frequently demonstrate limited clinical effectiveness due to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract,inefficient transepithelial transport,and rapid systemic clearance.Nanol...Conventional nutritional supplements frequently demonstrate limited clinical effectiveness due to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract,inefficient transepithelial transport,and rapid systemic clearance.Nanoliposomal delivery platforms-lipid bilayer vesicles on the nanometer scale-have attracted attention as an adaptive strategy to shield sensitive nutrients,navigate biological barriers,and deliver payloads directly to target tissues or even sub-cellular organelles.Despite a growing body of literature,a consolidated appraisal of design principles,targeting modalities,and translational hurdles is still needed to guide future nutraceutical innovation.We aim to:(1)Summarize the physicochemical foundations of nanoliposomal nutrient carriers;(2)Delineate state-of-the-art approaches for organ-specific and organelle-specific targeting,with particular emphasis on renal and mitochondrial delivery;(3)Evaluate current evidence supporting therapeutic benefits in cardiometabolic,neuroprotective,and renal-repair contexts;and(4)Map unresolved challenges-including manufacturing scale-up,cost,and regulatory oversight-to inform a roadmap for clinical translation.A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus through May 2025 using Boolean combinations of“nanoliposome”,“nutrient”,“targeted delivery”,“bioavailability”,and organ-specific terms(e.g.,“kidney”,“mitochondria”).Primary research articles,systematic reviews,and relevant meta-analyses written in English were included.Data were extracted on liposomal composition,particle size,surface modifications(e.g.,polyethylene glycol,ligand conjugation),in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution,efficacy outcomes,and safety profiles.Key design variables were mapped against reported biological performance to identify convergent principles.Sixty-four original studies and twenty-one reviews met inclusion criteria.Encapsulation within phosphatidylcholine-rich bilayers consistently enhanced nutrient stability in simulated gastric fluid and improved Caco-2 trans-epithelial transport two-fold to ten-fold compared with free compound controls.Ligand-mediated strategies-such as folate,lactoferrin,or peptide conjugation-achieved organ-specific accumulation,with kidney-directed liposomes demonstrating up to a four-fold increase in renal cortex uptake.Mitochondrial targeting using amphipathic peptides(e.g.,SS-31)or triphenylphosphonium moieties delivered antioxidant nutrients to the organelle,restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)in preclinical cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration models.Endosomal escape was most effectively triggered by fusogenic lipids(e.g.,dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)or pH-responsive polymers.PEGylation prolonged circulation half-life by 3-6 hours but elicited anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in approximately one-quarter of recipients;emerging natural sterol-mimetic or collagen-mimetic coatings showed comparable stealth behavior with superior biodegradability.Scalability remains limited:Only three studies reported pilot-scale(>10 L)batches with Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant reproducibility.Targeted nanoliposomal systems substantially improve nutrient stability,absorption,and tissue specificity,offering a credible route to transform supplement efficacy for cardiometabolic,renal,and neuroprotective indications.Optimization of lipid composition,escape mechanisms,and biocompatible surface chemistries can further enhance therapeutic indices.Nonetheless,industrial-scale manufacturing,cost containment,and immunogenicity mitigation remain critical obstacles.Addressing these gaps through standardized characterization protocols,head-to-head clinical trials,and biomaterial innovation will be essential to unlock the full potential of nanoliposomal nutraceuticals in routine healthcare practice.展开更多
The structure of coenzyme Q10 sample was identified by MS,IR and NMR.And the impurities were identified by HPLC-ESI MS.The unknown impurities were coenzyme Q10’s structure isomeride,Q9,Q11
To examine how coenzyme Q10（CoQ10） regulates immunity, experiments using low, middle and high doses of CoQ10 were conducted in mice to confirm its non-toxicity and non-genotoxicity. Delayed type hypersensitivity（DT...To examine how coenzyme Q10（CoQ10） regulates immunity, experiments using low, middle and high doses of CoQ10 were conducted in mice to confirm its non-toxicity and non-genotoxicity. Delayed type hypersensitivity（DTH） and MTT assays were used to to examine various lymphocyte transformations, the proliferation of antibody-producing cells, the phagocytotsis activity of macrophages, and the activity of nature killer cell（NK）. High-dose（0.50 g/kg.bw） CoQ10 increased DTH levels and promoted the proliferation of antibody-producing cells and levels of red blood cell hemolysis. Medium and high doses enhanced the phagocytic ratio of macrophages but did not influence other indexes. These results showed that the applied CoQ10 did not exhibit any toxicity or genotoxicity, and CoQ10 can actually improve immunologic function in mice.展开更多
CoQ is an essential electron cartier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It consists of a benzoquinone head group and a hydrophobic polyisoprenoid tail. The genes （COQ1-9） invo...CoQ is an essential electron cartier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It consists of a benzoquinone head group and a hydrophobic polyisoprenoid tail. The genes （COQ1-9） involved in CoQ biosynthesis have been characterized in yeast. In this study, we generated and molecularly characterized a mutant allele of a novel Drosophila gene, sbo, which encodes a protein that is predicted to catalyze the prenylation of p-hydroxybenzoate with the isoprenoid chain during the process of CoQ synthesis. Expression of sbo in yeast rescues the lethality of ACOQ2 mutant cells, indicating that sbo is a functional homolog of COQ2. HPLC results show that the levels of CoQ9 and COQlo were significantly reduced in sbo heterozygous adult flies. Furthermore, the mean lifespans of males and females heterozygous for sbo are extended by 12.5% and 30.8%, respectively. Homozygous sbo animals exhibit reduced activities of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling （IIS） pathway. Taken together, we conclude that sbo is an essential gene for Drosophila development, mutation of which leads to an extension of lifespan most likely by altering endogenous CoQ biosynthesis.展开更多
The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different weaning methods on the ruminal methanogenic archaea composition and diversity in Holstein calves.Thirty-six newborn Holstein bull calves were a...The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different weaning methods on the ruminal methanogenic archaea composition and diversity in Holstein calves.Thirty-six newborn Holstein bull calves were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments:(1)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of solid feed(CWS);(2)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of liquid feed(CWL);(3)early weaning(d 42)and fed with a high proportion of solid feed(EWS).High-throughput sequencing of the methyl coenzyme M reductase(mcr A)gene,which encodes theα-subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase-the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in methanogenesis was used to determine the composition and diversity of rumen methanogens.No significant difference(P>0.05)was observed for operational taxonomic units(OTUs)or richness indices,but diversity indices increased(P<0.05)for calves fed high dietary solids.Predominant families across the three treatments were Methanobacteriaceae,Thermoplasmataceae and Methanomassiliicoccaceae.Calves in the EWS treatment had a higher(P<0.05)relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4 and Methanosphaera stadtmanae,while calves in the CWL treatment had a higher(P<0.05)abundance of Methanosphaera sp.strain SM9.A positive(P<0.05)relationship was identified between butyrate and Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4.In conclusion,the composition and diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Holstein calves varied under the different weaning methods.This study identified a positive relationship between butyrate and Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4,potentially reflecting correlations between ruminal fermentation variables and methanogenesis function.These in-depth analyses provide further understanding of weaning methods for intensified production systems.展开更多
Cholesterol plays several structural and metabolic roles that are vital for human biology. It spreads along the entire plasma membrane of the cell, modulating fluidity and concentrating in specialized sphingolipid-ric...Cholesterol plays several structural and metabolic roles that are vital for human biology. It spreads along the entire plasma membrane of the cell, modulating fluidity and concentrating in specialized sphingolipid-rich domains called rafts and caveolae. Cholesterol is also a substrate for steroid hormones. However, too much cholesterol can lead to pathological pictures such as atherosclerosis, which is a consequence of the accumu- lation of cholesterol into the cells of the artery wall. The liver is considered to be the metabolic power station of mammalians, where cholesterol homeostasis relies on an intricate network of cellular processes whose deregulations can lead to several life-threatening pathologies, such as familial and age-related hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol homeostasis maintenance is carried out by: biosynthesis, via 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity; uptake, through low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLr); lipoprotein release in the blood; storage by esterification; and degradation and conversion into bile acids. Both HMGR and LDLr are transcribed as a function of cellular sterol amount by a family of transcription factors called sterol regulatory element binding proteins that are responsible for the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis through an intricate mechanism of regulation. Cholesterol obtained by hepatic de novo synthesis can be esterified and incorporated into apolipoprotein B-100-containing very low density lipoproteins, which are then secreted into the bloodstream for transport to peripheral tissues. Moreover, dietary cholesterol is transferred from the intestine to the liver by high density lipoproteins (HDLs); all HDL particles are internalized in the liver, interacting with the hepatic scavenger receptor (SR-B1). Here we provide an updated overview of liver cholesterol metabolism regulation and deregulation and the causes of cholesterol metabolism-related diseases. Moreover, current pharmacological treatment and novel hypocho-lesterolemic strategies will also be introduced.展开更多
Escherichia coli BW25113 was metabolically engineered for CoQ10 production by replacing ispB with ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans.Effects of precursor balance and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate...Escherichia coli BW25113 was metabolically engineered for CoQ10 production by replacing ispB with ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans.Effects of precursor balance and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） availability on CoQ10 production in E.coli were investigated.The knockout of pykFA along with pck overexpression could maintain a balance between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate,increasing CoQ10 production.Replacement of native NAD-dependent gapA with NADP-dependent gapC from Clostridium acetobutylicum,together with the overexpression of gapC,could increase NADPH availability and then enhanced CoQ10 production.Three effects,overexpressions of various genes in CoQ biosynthesis and central metabolism,different vectors and culture conditions on CoQ10 production in E.coli,were all investigated.The investigation of different vectors indicated that low copy number vector may be more beneficial for CoQ10 production in E.coli.The recombinant E.coli （△ispB：：ddsA,△pykFA and △gapA：：gapC）,harboring the two plasmids encoding pck,dxs,idi and ubiCA genes under the control of PT5 on pQE30,ispA,ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans and gapC from Clostridium acetobutylicum under the control of PBAD on pBAD33,could produce CoQ10 up to 3.24 mg·g-1 dry cell mass simply by changing medium from M9YG to SOB with phosphate salt and initial culture pH from 7.0 to 5.5.The yield is unprecedented and 1.33 times of the highest production so far in E.coli.展开更多
A simulated landfill anaerobic bioreactor was used to characterize the anaerobic biodegradation and biogas generation of organic waste which was mainly composed of residuals of vegetables and foods. We investigated th...A simulated landfill anaerobic bioreactor was used to characterize the anaerobic biodegradation and biogas generation of organic waste which was mainly composed of residuals of vegetables and foods. We investigated the dynamics of the coenzyme F420 activity and determined correlations between biogas yields, methane yields, methane concentration and coenzyme F420 activity. The experiment was carded out under different conditions from control without any treatment, addition of Fe^3＋, microorganism inoculation to a combination of Fe3＋ addition and inoculation at a temperature of 36±2℃. The experiment was lasted 120 d and coenzyme F420 activity was analyzed using ultraviolet spectrophotornetry. Experimental results indicated that activity of the coenzyme F420 treated by Fe and microorganism inoculation increased substantially. The waste treated by inoculation had the greatest increase. When the waste was treated by Fe^3＋, inoculation and the combination of Fe^3＋ and inoculation, biogas yields increased by 46.9%, 132.6% and 153.1%, respectively; while the methane yields increased 4, 97 and 98 times. Methane concentration varied between 0 and 6% in the control reactor, from 0 to 14% for waste treated by the addition of Fe^3＋, from 0 to 59% for waste treated by inoculation and from 0 to 63% for waste treated by Fe^3＋ addition and inoculation. Correlations between coenzyme F420 activity and biogas production, methane production and methane concentration proved to be positively significant （p〈0.05）, except for the control. Consequently, coenzyme F420 activity could be used as an index for monitoring the activity of methanogens during anaerobic biodegradation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste.展开更多
The imbalance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants is considered to be an important factor in the cellular injury of the inner ear. At present, great attention has been placed on oxidative stress. However,littl...The imbalance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants is considered to be an important factor in the cellular injury of the inner ear. At present, great attention has been placed on oxidative stress. However,little is known about fighting oxidative stress. In the current study, we evaluated antioxidant-induced cochlear damage by applying several different additional antioxidants. To determine whether excessive antioxidants can cause damage to cochlear cells, we treated cochlear explants with 50 m M M40403, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, 50 m M coenzyme Q-10, a vitamin-like antioxidant, or 50 m M d-methionine, an essential amino acid and the important antioxidant glutathione for 48 h. Control cochlear explants without the antioxidant treatment maintained their normal structures after incubation in the standard serum-free medium for 48 h, indicating the maintenance of the inherent oxidative and antioxidant balance in these cochlear explants. In contrast, M40403 and coenzyme Q-10-treated cochlear explants displayed significant hair cell damage together with slight damage to the auditory nerve fibers.Moreover, d-methiodine-treated explants exhibited severe damage to the surface structure of hair cells and the complete loss of the spiral ganglion neurons and their peripheral fibers. These results indicate that excessive antioxidants are detrimental to cochlear cells, suggesting that inappropriate dosages of antioxidant treatments can interrupt the balance of the inherent oxidative and antioxidant capacity in the cell.展开更多
文摘Objective. To study the characteristics of changes of LDH enzyme patterns of mice under slight hypoxia.Methods. Mice treated with artificial hypoxia, various tissues were made for the test of LDH enzymatic activity by the specific staining technique. LDH (1 -5) relative percentage enzymatic activity (RPEA) were measured with CS-910 dual-wavelength thin layer chromatography scanner.Results. The RPEA of LDH isozymes of various tissues after slight hypoxia shifted to the isozymes LDH1 and LDH2, whose principal subunits are H subunits, and the RPEA of LDH,(H4), LDH2(H3M) increased, while RPEA of LDH5(M4) in various tissues decreased prominently except the cardiac muscle, and that of LDH4(HM3) decreased as well. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the hypoxia treated cardiac muscle specimen was made, activity subbands originated regularly in the isozyme patterns of LDH, with the regularity of LDH1 (0 subband), LDH2 (0-1 subbands), LDH3 (0-2 subbands), LDH4 (1-3 subbands), LDH5 (2-4 subbands). After adding appropriate amount of NAD+ to the hypoxia treated cardiac muscle specimen, PAGE showed the subbands of four isozymes (LDH2-LDH5) reduced or even totally disappeared in the isozyme patterns.Conclusions. The negative feedback regulation of coenzymization and decoenzymization of LDH isozymes is one of the mouse stress responses to slight hypoxia.
基金supported by the MUSC-TU Scholarship for Human Resource Development in Science & Technology in the Remembrance of Late King Rama Ⅸ of ThailandPartial Funding for Graduate Student Thesis for the Year 2021 by the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Graduate Studies of Mahidol University Alumni Association。
文摘Background: Post-workout supplementation has been used in athletes and recreational exercisers;however, responses between normal and overweight individuals on exercise performance and muscle recovery are less known.Methods: Normal and overweight young adult males(21 subjects/group) participated in resistance and fatiguing exercises before receiving post-workout supplements: placebo, coenzyme Q10(CoQ10), or sports drink in a crossover design. Resistance exercises included upper body exercise(bench press, upright row, and standing shoulder press) and lower body exercise(dead lift, back squat, and front squat) at 75% of one-repetition maximum(1 RM). Fatiguing exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer with 3 min of all-out effort at 3.5% of body mass. Participants consumed post-workout supplements within 10 min of exercise completion and repeated-bout exercise was performed 1 h later, followed by cardiovascular responses, urinary biomarkers, and delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) assessments.Results: There were effects of overweight on resistance exercise volume, critical power, fatigue index, and postexercise diastolic blood pressure(DBP). However, no differences in urinary biomarkers of muscle damage(potassium and creatinine) or DOMS between normal and overweight individuals. After supplementation, CoQ10 and sports drink increased resistance exercise volume regardless of body mass and increased critical power in the normal group. Additionally, CoQ10 supplementation was associated with a reduction in urinary biomarkers and DOMS in both groups.Conclusion: These findings are beneficial for sport scientists, nutritionists, and exercise physiologists in guiding post-workout supplementation with CoQ10 and sports drink to improve exercise performance and muscle recovery in normal and overweight individuals.
基金supported by the Open Research Fund Program of the Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology(Ocean University of China)。
文摘Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E are among the most widely consumed nutritional supplements in China owing to their antioxidant and other health-promoting properties.This study aimed to establish an accurate and efficient analytical method for the simultaneous determination of these two compounds in commercial softgel capsules,which is essential for rigorous quality control.Herein,a proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR)method was developed and validated using coumarin as an internal standard.Characteristic signals at 3.997 ppm for coenzyme Q10 and 2.621 ppm for vitamin E were selected for quantification.The method demonstrated excellent performance in terms of precision(relative standard deviation<2%),specificity(resolution>1.5),and stability(24-h variation<3%).The validation results complied with the China Food and Drug Administration guidelines,demonstrating high accuracy.Application to products from four different manufacturers showed compound contents ranging from 98.2%to 102.4%of label amounts.These findings support^(1)H NMR spectroscopy as a rapid,precise,and reliable approach for the simultaneous quality assessment of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E formulations.
文摘Decreased brain levels of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),an endogenously synthesized lipophilic antioxidant1,2,underpin encephalopathy in primary CoQ10 deficiencies3,4 and are associated with common neurodegenerative diseases and the ageing process5,6.CoQ10 supplementation does not increase CoQ10 pools in the brain or in other tissues.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of two doses of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)on semen parameters,sperm DNA damage,and the partner pregnancy rate in men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.Methods:250 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia were examined.The first group(n=125)received 100 mg/day of CoQ10 and the second group(n=125)received 200 mg/day of CoQ10 orally for 6 months.Semen parameters,DNA fragmentation index(DFI)and the partner pregnancy rate were analyzed at baseline and after 6 months of treatment.Results:Comparing with baseline data,treatment with CoQ10(100 mg/day or 200 mg/day)resulted in a significant increase in sperm concentration(both P<0.001),a significant improvement in progressive motility and total motile sperm count(P=0.05,P=0.001,respectively).The mean DFI was significantly improved after treatment with CoQ10 at 100 mg/day and at 200 mg/day,after 6 months of treatment(P<0.01).Moreover,CoQ10 significantly improved the partner pregnancy rate.A strongest correlation was found between seminal fluid parameters and DFI(P<0.001).Conclusions:CoQ10 is effective in improving semen parameters,DFI and on the partner pregnancy rate after 6 months with CoQ10 at two doses,with a greater improvement shown in men who took 200 mg/day than in those who took 100 mg/day.
文摘To the Editor:The recent study by Rochdi et al[1]comparing the effects of two coenzyme Q10(CoQ10)doses(100 mg/day vs.200 mg/day)on male fertility parameters represents a significant advancement in evidence-based treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia.The findings demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship with profound clinical implications that deserve focused attention.The most compelling finding is the 53%relative increase in pregnancy rates between the higher and lower dose groups(23%vs.15%,P<0.001).This 8-percentage point absolute difference translates to a number needed to treat(NNT)of 12.5,meaning that for every 12-13 men treated with the higher dose instead of the lower dose,one additional pregnancy would be achieved.Given that male factor infertility contributes to approximately 50%of all infertility cases globally,this dose-response relationship has immediate clinical relevance.
文摘Conventional nutritional supplements frequently demonstrate limited clinical effectiveness due to the harsh milieu of the gastrointestinal tract,inefficient transepithelial transport,and rapid systemic clearance.Nanoliposomal delivery platforms-lipid bilayer vesicles on the nanometer scale-have attracted attention as an adaptive strategy to shield sensitive nutrients,navigate biological barriers,and deliver payloads directly to target tissues or even sub-cellular organelles.Despite a growing body of literature,a consolidated appraisal of design principles,targeting modalities,and translational hurdles is still needed to guide future nutraceutical innovation.We aim to:(1)Summarize the physicochemical foundations of nanoliposomal nutrient carriers;(2)Delineate state-of-the-art approaches for organ-specific and organelle-specific targeting,with particular emphasis on renal and mitochondrial delivery;(3)Evaluate current evidence supporting therapeutic benefits in cardiometabolic,neuroprotective,and renal-repair contexts;and(4)Map unresolved challenges-including manufacturing scale-up,cost,and regulatory oversight-to inform a roadmap for clinical translation.A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed,Web of Science,and Scopus through May 2025 using Boolean combinations of“nanoliposome”,“nutrient”,“targeted delivery”,“bioavailability”,and organ-specific terms(e.g.,“kidney”,“mitochondria”).Primary research articles,systematic reviews,and relevant meta-analyses written in English were included.Data were extracted on liposomal composition,particle size,surface modifications(e.g.,polyethylene glycol,ligand conjugation),in vitro and in vivo bio-distribution,efficacy outcomes,and safety profiles.Key design variables were mapped against reported biological performance to identify convergent principles.Sixty-four original studies and twenty-one reviews met inclusion criteria.Encapsulation within phosphatidylcholine-rich bilayers consistently enhanced nutrient stability in simulated gastric fluid and improved Caco-2 trans-epithelial transport two-fold to ten-fold compared with free compound controls.Ligand-mediated strategies-such as folate,lactoferrin,or peptide conjugation-achieved organ-specific accumulation,with kidney-directed liposomes demonstrating up to a four-fold increase in renal cortex uptake.Mitochondrial targeting using amphipathic peptides(e.g.,SS-31)or triphenylphosphonium moieties delivered antioxidant nutrients to the organelle,restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)in preclinical cardiomyopathy and neurodegeneration models.Endosomal escape was most effectively triggered by fusogenic lipids(e.g.,dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)or pH-responsive polymers.PEGylation prolonged circulation half-life by 3-6 hours but elicited anti-polyethylene glycol antibodies in approximately one-quarter of recipients;emerging natural sterol-mimetic or collagen-mimetic coatings showed comparable stealth behavior with superior biodegradability.Scalability remains limited:Only three studies reported pilot-scale(>10 L)batches with Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant reproducibility.Targeted nanoliposomal systems substantially improve nutrient stability,absorption,and tissue specificity,offering a credible route to transform supplement efficacy for cardiometabolic,renal,and neuroprotective indications.Optimization of lipid composition,escape mechanisms,and biocompatible surface chemistries can further enhance therapeutic indices.Nonetheless,industrial-scale manufacturing,cost containment,and immunogenicity mitigation remain critical obstacles.Addressing these gaps through standardized characterization protocols,head-to-head clinical trials,and biomaterial innovation will be essential to unlock the full potential of nanoliposomal nutraceuticals in routine healthcare practice.
文摘The structure of coenzyme Q10 sample was identified by MS,IR and NMR.And the impurities were identified by HPLC-ESI MS.The unknown impurities were coenzyme Q10’s structure isomeride,Q9,Q11
基金National Key Technology Research and Development Program(Grant No.2013BAB01B01)CAS-Guangdong Funding(Grant No.2012B090400028)
文摘To examine how coenzyme Q10（CoQ10） regulates immunity, experiments using low, middle and high doses of CoQ10 were conducted in mice to confirm its non-toxicity and non-genotoxicity. Delayed type hypersensitivity（DTH） and MTT assays were used to to examine various lymphocyte transformations, the proliferation of antibody-producing cells, the phagocytotsis activity of macrophages, and the activity of nature killer cell（NK）. High-dose（0.50 g/kg.bw） CoQ10 increased DTH levels and promoted the proliferation of antibody-producing cells and levels of red blood cell hemolysis. Medium and high doses enhanced the phagocytic ratio of macrophages but did not influence other indexes. These results showed that the applied CoQ10 did not exhibit any toxicity or genotoxicity, and CoQ10 can actually improve immunologic function in mice.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.31071087 and 30771217) the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)(No. 2009CB918702)
文摘CoQ is an essential electron cartier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It consists of a benzoquinone head group and a hydrophobic polyisoprenoid tail. The genes （COQ1-9） involved in CoQ biosynthesis have been characterized in yeast. In this study, we generated and molecularly characterized a mutant allele of a novel Drosophila gene, sbo, which encodes a protein that is predicted to catalyze the prenylation of p-hydroxybenzoate with the isoprenoid chain during the process of CoQ synthesis. Expression of sbo in yeast rescues the lethality of ACOQ2 mutant cells, indicating that sbo is a functional homolog of COQ2. HPLC results show that the levels of CoQ9 and COQlo were significantly reduced in sbo heterozygous adult flies. Furthermore, the mean lifespans of males and females heterozygous for sbo are extended by 12.5% and 30.8%, respectively. Homozygous sbo animals exhibit reduced activities of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling （IIS） pathway. Taken together, we conclude that sbo is an essential gene for Drosophila development, mutation of which leads to an extension of lifespan most likely by altering endogenous CoQ biosynthesis.
基金supported by the Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of China(2016YFE0109000)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFF0211702)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41475126 and 31802085)the Young Scientist Lifting Project,China(2017–2019)
文摘The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different weaning methods on the ruminal methanogenic archaea composition and diversity in Holstein calves.Thirty-six newborn Holstein bull calves were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments:(1)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of solid feed(CWS);(2)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of liquid feed(CWL);(3)early weaning(d 42)and fed with a high proportion of solid feed(EWS).High-throughput sequencing of the methyl coenzyme M reductase(mcr A)gene,which encodes theα-subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase-the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in methanogenesis was used to determine the composition and diversity of rumen methanogens.No significant difference(P>0.05)was observed for operational taxonomic units(OTUs)or richness indices,but diversity indices increased(P<0.05)for calves fed high dietary solids.Predominant families across the three treatments were Methanobacteriaceae,Thermoplasmataceae and Methanomassiliicoccaceae.Calves in the EWS treatment had a higher(P<0.05)relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4 and Methanosphaera stadtmanae,while calves in the CWL treatment had a higher(P<0.05)abundance of Methanosphaera sp.strain SM9.A positive(P<0.05)relationship was identified between butyrate and Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4.In conclusion,the composition and diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Holstein calves varied under the different weaning methods.This study identified a positive relationship between butyrate and Methanobrevibacter sp.strain AbM4,potentially reflecting correlations between ruminal fermentation variables and methanogenesis function.These in-depth analyses provide further understanding of weaning methods for intensified production systems.
文摘Cholesterol plays several structural and metabolic roles that are vital for human biology. It spreads along the entire plasma membrane of the cell, modulating fluidity and concentrating in specialized sphingolipid-rich domains called rafts and caveolae. Cholesterol is also a substrate for steroid hormones. However, too much cholesterol can lead to pathological pictures such as atherosclerosis, which is a consequence of the accumu- lation of cholesterol into the cells of the artery wall. The liver is considered to be the metabolic power station of mammalians, where cholesterol homeostasis relies on an intricate network of cellular processes whose deregulations can lead to several life-threatening pathologies, such as familial and age-related hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol homeostasis maintenance is carried out by: biosynthesis, via 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity; uptake, through low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLr); lipoprotein release in the blood; storage by esterification; and degradation and conversion into bile acids. Both HMGR and LDLr are transcribed as a function of cellular sterol amount by a family of transcription factors called sterol regulatory element binding proteins that are responsible for the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis through an intricate mechanism of regulation. Cholesterol obtained by hepatic de novo synthesis can be esterified and incorporated into apolipoprotein B-100-containing very low density lipoproteins, which are then secreted into the bloodstream for transport to peripheral tissues. Moreover, dietary cholesterol is transferred from the intestine to the liver by high density lipoproteins (HDLs); all HDL particles are internalized in the liver, interacting with the hepatic scavenger receptor (SR-B1). Here we provide an updated overview of liver cholesterol metabolism regulation and deregulation and the causes of cholesterol metabolism-related diseases. Moreover, current pharmacological treatment and novel hypocho-lesterolemic strategies will also be introduced.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（30970089 200876181 20831006） the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province（9351027501000003） the Project of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province（2007A010900001）
文摘Escherichia coli BW25113 was metabolically engineered for CoQ10 production by replacing ispB with ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans.Effects of precursor balance and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） availability on CoQ10 production in E.coli were investigated.The knockout of pykFA along with pck overexpression could maintain a balance between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate,increasing CoQ10 production.Replacement of native NAD-dependent gapA with NADP-dependent gapC from Clostridium acetobutylicum,together with the overexpression of gapC,could increase NADPH availability and then enhanced CoQ10 production.Three effects,overexpressions of various genes in CoQ biosynthesis and central metabolism,different vectors and culture conditions on CoQ10 production in E.coli,were all investigated.The investigation of different vectors indicated that low copy number vector may be more beneficial for CoQ10 production in E.coli.The recombinant E.coli （△ispB：：ddsA,△pykFA and △gapA：：gapC）,harboring the two plasmids encoding pck,dxs,idi and ubiCA genes under the control of PT5 on pQE30,ispA,ddsA from Gluconobacter suboxydans and gapC from Clostridium acetobutylicum under the control of PBAD on pBAD33,could produce CoQ10 up to 3.24 mg·g-1 dry cell mass simply by changing medium from M9YG to SOB with phosphate salt and initial culture pH from 7.0 to 5.5.The yield is unprecedented and 1.33 times of the highest production so far in E.coli.
基金Projects 40372069 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNCET-05-0479 by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University0F4506 by the Science and Technology Foundation of China University of Mining and Technology
文摘A simulated landfill anaerobic bioreactor was used to characterize the anaerobic biodegradation and biogas generation of organic waste which was mainly composed of residuals of vegetables and foods. We investigated the dynamics of the coenzyme F420 activity and determined correlations between biogas yields, methane yields, methane concentration and coenzyme F420 activity. The experiment was carded out under different conditions from control without any treatment, addition of Fe^3＋, microorganism inoculation to a combination of Fe3＋ addition and inoculation at a temperature of 36±2℃. The experiment was lasted 120 d and coenzyme F420 activity was analyzed using ultraviolet spectrophotornetry. Experimental results indicated that activity of the coenzyme F420 treated by Fe and microorganism inoculation increased substantially. The waste treated by inoculation had the greatest increase. When the waste was treated by Fe^3＋, inoculation and the combination of Fe^3＋ and inoculation, biogas yields increased by 46.9%, 132.6% and 153.1%, respectively; while the methane yields increased 4, 97 and 98 times. Methane concentration varied between 0 and 6% in the control reactor, from 0 to 14% for waste treated by the addition of Fe^3＋, from 0 to 59% for waste treated by inoculation and from 0 to 63% for waste treated by Fe^3＋ addition and inoculation. Correlations between coenzyme F420 activity and biogas production, methane production and methane concentration proved to be positively significant （p〈0.05）, except for the control. Consequently, coenzyme F420 activity could be used as an index for monitoring the activity of methanogens during anaerobic biodegradation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste.
基金supported in part by a grant from NIHR01DC014437in part by the foundation of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (NO 15140900900)
文摘The imbalance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants is considered to be an important factor in the cellular injury of the inner ear. At present, great attention has been placed on oxidative stress. However,little is known about fighting oxidative stress. In the current study, we evaluated antioxidant-induced cochlear damage by applying several different additional antioxidants. To determine whether excessive antioxidants can cause damage to cochlear cells, we treated cochlear explants with 50 m M M40403, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, 50 m M coenzyme Q-10, a vitamin-like antioxidant, or 50 m M d-methionine, an essential amino acid and the important antioxidant glutathione for 48 h. Control cochlear explants without the antioxidant treatment maintained their normal structures after incubation in the standard serum-free medium for 48 h, indicating the maintenance of the inherent oxidative and antioxidant balance in these cochlear explants. In contrast, M40403 and coenzyme Q-10-treated cochlear explants displayed significant hair cell damage together with slight damage to the auditory nerve fibers.Moreover, d-methiodine-treated explants exhibited severe damage to the surface structure of hair cells and the complete loss of the spiral ganglion neurons and their peripheral fibers. These results indicate that excessive antioxidants are detrimental to cochlear cells, suggesting that inappropriate dosages of antioxidant treatments can interrupt the balance of the inherent oxidative and antioxidant capacity in the cell.
