Multiple functional metasurfaces with high information capacity have attracted considerable attention from researchers.This study proposes a 2-bit tunable spin-decoupled coded metasurface designed for the terahertz ba...Multiple functional metasurfaces with high information capacity have attracted considerable attention from researchers.This study proposes a 2-bit tunable spin-decoupled coded metasurface designed for the terahertz band,which utilizes the tunable properties of Dirac semimetals(DSM)to create a novel multilayer structure.By incorporating both geometric and propagating phases into the metasurface design,we can effectively control the electromagnetic wave.When the Fermi level(EF)of the DSM is set at 6 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the gold patch embedded in the DSM film,operating at a frequency of 1.3 THz.When the EF of the DSM is set at 80 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the DSM patch,operating at a frequency of 1.4 THz.Both modes enable independent control of beam splitting under left-rotating circularly polarized(LCP)and rightrotating circularly polarized(RCP)wave excitation,resulting in the generation of vortex beams with distinct orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes.The findings of this study hold significant potential for enhancing information capacity and polarization multiplexing techniques in wireless communications.展开更多
A broadband polarization-independent terahertz multifunctional coding metasurface based on topological optimization using liquid crystal(LC)is proposed.The metasurface can achieve reconfigurability for beam steering a...A broadband polarization-independent terahertz multifunctional coding metasurface based on topological optimization using liquid crystal(LC)is proposed.The metasurface can achieve reconfigurability for beam steering and vortex beam generation within a frequency range of 0.68 THz–0.72 THz.Firstly,the metasurface unit is topologically optimized using the non-dominant sequencing genetic algorithms(NSGA-II)multi-objective optimization algorithm.By applying the LC’s electrically tunable refractive index properties,the metasurface unit enables polarization-independent 2-bit coding within a frequency range of 0.68 THz–0.72 THz.Then,based on the designed metasurface unit,the array arrangement of the metasurface is reverse-designed to achieve beam steering and vortex beam generation.The results show that,for beam steering,not only can polarization-independent steering of both single-and multi-beam be achieved within the 35°elevation angle range,but also independent control of the target angle of each beam in the multi-beam steering.For vortex beam generation,the metasurfaces can achieve the generation of single-and multi-vortex beams with topological charges l=±1,±2 within the 35elevation angle range,and the generation angles of each vortex beam in the multi-vortex beam can be independently controlled.This provides flexibility and diversity in the generation of vortex beams.Therefore,the proposed terahertz LC metasurface can realize flexible control of reconfigurable functions and has certain application prospects in terahertz communication,phased array radar,and vortex radar.展开更多
Metasurfaces offer exceptional capabilities for controlling electromagnetic waves,enabling the realization of unique electromagnetic properties.As communication technology continues to evolve,metasurfaces present prom...Metasurfaces offer exceptional capabilities for controlling electromagnetic waves,enabling the realization of unique electromagnetic properties.As communication technology continues to evolve,metasurfaces present promising applications in wireless communications.This paper reviews the latest advancements in metasurface research within the communication sector,explores metasurface-based wireless relay technologies,and summarizes various wireless communication methods employing different types of metasurfaces across diverse modulation schemes.This paper provides a detailed discussion on the design of wireless communication systems based on coding metasurfaces to simplify transmitter architecture,as well as the development of intelligent coding metasurfaces in the communication field.It also elaborates on the application of vector vortex light fields in metasurface communication.Finally,it offers a forward-looking perspective on wireless communication systems that incorporate coded metasurfaces.This review aims to furnish researchers with a thorough understanding of the current state and future directions of coded metasurface applications in communications.展开更多
Quantum error correction is a technique that enhances a system’s ability to combat noise by encoding logical information into additional quantum bits,which plays a key role in building practical quantum computers.The...Quantum error correction is a technique that enhances a system’s ability to combat noise by encoding logical information into additional quantum bits,which plays a key role in building practical quantum computers.The XZZX surface code,with only one stabilizer generator on each face,demonstrates significant application potential under biased noise.However,the existing minimum weight perfect matching(MWPM)algorithm has high computational complexity and lacks flexibility in large-scale systems.Therefore,this paper proposes a decoding method that combines graph neural networks(GNN)with multi-classifiers,the syndrome is transformed into an undirected graph,and the features are aggregated by convolutional layers,providing a more efficient and accurate decoding strategy.In the experiments,we evaluated the performance of the XZZX code under different biased noise conditions(bias=1,20,200)and different code distances(d=3,5,7,9,11).The experimental results show that under low bias noise(bias=1),the GNN decoder achieves a threshold of 0.18386,an improvement of approximately 19.12%compared to the MWPM decoder.Under high bias noise(bias=200),the GNN decoder reaches a threshold of 0.40542,improving by approximately 20.76%,overcoming the limitations of the conventional decoder.They demonstrate that the GNN decoding method exhibits superior performance and has broad application potential in the error correction of XZZX code.展开更多
Constituted by BCH component codes and its ordered statistics decoding(OSD),the successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding of U-UV structural codes can provide competent error-correction performance in the short-to-med...Constituted by BCH component codes and its ordered statistics decoding(OSD),the successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding of U-UV structural codes can provide competent error-correction performance in the short-to-medium length regime.However,this list decoding complexity becomes formidable as the decoding output list size increases.This is primarily incurred by the OSD.Addressing this challenge,this paper proposes the low complexity SCL decoding through reducing the complexity of component code decoding,and pruning the redundant SCL decoding paths.For the former,an efficient skipping rule is introduced for the OSD so that the higher order decoding can be skipped when they are not possible to provide a more likely codeword candidate.It is further extended to the OSD variant,the box-andmatch algorithm(BMA),in facilitating the component code decoding.Moreover,through estimating the correlation distance lower bounds(CDLBs)of the component code decoding outputs,a path pruning(PP)-SCL decoding is proposed to further facilitate the decoding of U-UV codes.In particular,its integration with the improved OSD and BMA is discussed.Simulation results show that significant complexity reduction can be achieved.Consequently,the U-UV codes can outperform the cyclic redundancy check(CRC)-polar codes with a similar decoding complexity.展开更多
In mobile computing environments, most IoT devices connected to networks experience variable error rates and possess limited bandwidth. The conventional method of retransmitting lost information during transmission, c...In mobile computing environments, most IoT devices connected to networks experience variable error rates and possess limited bandwidth. The conventional method of retransmitting lost information during transmission, commonly used in data transmission protocols, increases transmission delay and consumes excessive bandwidth. To overcome this issue, forward error correction techniques, e.g., Random Linear Network Coding(RLNC) can be used in data transmission. The primary challenge in RLNC-based methodologies is sustaining a consistent coding ratio during data transmission, leading to notable bandwidth usage and transmission delay in dynamic network conditions. Therefore, this study proposes a new block-based RLNC strategy known as Adjustable RLNC(ARLNC), which dynamically adjusts the coding ratio and transmission window during runtime based on the estimated network error rate calculated via receiver feedback. The calculations in this approach are performed using a Galois field with the order of 256. Furthermore, we assessed ARLNC's performance by subjecting it to various error models such as Gilbert Elliott, exponential, and constant rates and compared it with the standard RLNC. The results show that dynamically adjusting the coding ratio and transmission window size based on network conditions significantly enhances network throughput and reduces total transmission delay in most scenarios. In contrast to the conventional RLNC method employing a fixed coding ratio, the presented approach has demonstrated significant enhancements, resulting in a 73% decrease in transmission delay and a 4 times augmentation in throughput. However, in dynamic computational environments, ARLNC generally incurs higher computational costs than the standard RLNC but excels in high-performance networks.展开更多
In the article“Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene”(Oncology Research.2024,Vol.32,No.7,pp.1185–1195.doi:10....In the article“Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene”(Oncology Research.2024,Vol.32,No.7,pp.1185–1195.doi:10.32604/or.2023.030771,https://www.techscience.com/or/v32n7/57163),an inadvertent error occurred during the compilation of Fig.3H.This needed corrections to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data presented.展开更多
文摘Multiple functional metasurfaces with high information capacity have attracted considerable attention from researchers.This study proposes a 2-bit tunable spin-decoupled coded metasurface designed for the terahertz band,which utilizes the tunable properties of Dirac semimetals(DSM)to create a novel multilayer structure.By incorporating both geometric and propagating phases into the metasurface design,we can effectively control the electromagnetic wave.When the Fermi level(EF)of the DSM is set at 6 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the gold patch embedded in the DSM film,operating at a frequency of 1.3 THz.When the EF of the DSM is set at 80 meV,the electromagnetic wave is manipulated by the DSM patch,operating at a frequency of 1.4 THz.Both modes enable independent control of beam splitting under left-rotating circularly polarized(LCP)and rightrotating circularly polarized(RCP)wave excitation,resulting in the generation of vortex beams with distinct orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes.The findings of this study hold significant potential for enhancing information capacity and polarization multiplexing techniques in wireless communications.
基金Project supported by the Open Fund of Wuhan National Research Center for Optoelectronics(Grant No.2022WNLOKF012)the National College Students Innovation Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(Grant No.2023102930147).
文摘A broadband polarization-independent terahertz multifunctional coding metasurface based on topological optimization using liquid crystal(LC)is proposed.The metasurface can achieve reconfigurability for beam steering and vortex beam generation within a frequency range of 0.68 THz–0.72 THz.Firstly,the metasurface unit is topologically optimized using the non-dominant sequencing genetic algorithms(NSGA-II)multi-objective optimization algorithm.By applying the LC’s electrically tunable refractive index properties,the metasurface unit enables polarization-independent 2-bit coding within a frequency range of 0.68 THz–0.72 THz.Then,based on the designed metasurface unit,the array arrangement of the metasurface is reverse-designed to achieve beam steering and vortex beam generation.The results show that,for beam steering,not only can polarization-independent steering of both single-and multi-beam be achieved within the 35°elevation angle range,but also independent control of the target angle of each beam in the multi-beam steering.For vortex beam generation,the metasurfaces can achieve the generation of single-and multi-vortex beams with topological charges l=±1,±2 within the 35elevation angle range,and the generation angles of each vortex beam in the multi-vortex beam can be independently controlled.This provides flexibility and diversity in the generation of vortex beams.Therefore,the proposed terahertz LC metasurface can realize flexible control of reconfigurable functions and has certain application prospects in terahertz communication,phased array radar,and vortex radar.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20307 and 62175224)in part by the science and technology innovation leading talent project of special support plan for high-level talents in Zhejiang Province(2021R52032)+2 种基金in part by the China Jiliang University Basic Research ExpensesZhejiang University Students Science and Technology Innovation Activity Plan-New Talent Plan(2024R409C054)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant(ZCLZ25F0502).
文摘Metasurfaces offer exceptional capabilities for controlling electromagnetic waves,enabling the realization of unique electromagnetic properties.As communication technology continues to evolve,metasurfaces present promising applications in wireless communications.This paper reviews the latest advancements in metasurface research within the communication sector,explores metasurface-based wireless relay technologies,and summarizes various wireless communication methods employing different types of metasurfaces across diverse modulation schemes.This paper provides a detailed discussion on the design of wireless communication systems based on coding metasurfaces to simplify transmitter architecture,as well as the development of intelligent coding metasurfaces in the communication field.It also elaborates on the application of vector vortex light fields in metasurface communication.Finally,it offers a forward-looking perspective on wireless communication systems that incorporate coded metasurfaces.This review aims to furnish researchers with a thorough understanding of the current state and future directions of coded metasurface applications in communications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2021MF049)the Joint Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant Nos.ZR2022LL.Z012 and ZR2021LLZ001)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2023CXGC010901).
文摘Quantum error correction is a technique that enhances a system’s ability to combat noise by encoding logical information into additional quantum bits,which plays a key role in building practical quantum computers.The XZZX surface code,with only one stabilizer generator on each face,demonstrates significant application potential under biased noise.However,the existing minimum weight perfect matching(MWPM)algorithm has high computational complexity and lacks flexibility in large-scale systems.Therefore,this paper proposes a decoding method that combines graph neural networks(GNN)with multi-classifiers,the syndrome is transformed into an undirected graph,and the features are aggregated by convolutional layers,providing a more efficient and accurate decoding strategy.In the experiments,we evaluated the performance of the XZZX code under different biased noise conditions(bias=1,20,200)and different code distances(d=3,5,7,9,11).The experimental results show that under low bias noise(bias=1),the GNN decoder achieves a threshold of 0.18386,an improvement of approximately 19.12%compared to the MWPM decoder.Under high bias noise(bias=200),the GNN decoder reaches a threshold of 0.40542,improving by approximately 20.76%,overcoming the limitations of the conventional decoder.They demonstrate that the GNN decoding method exhibits superior performance and has broad application potential in the error correction of XZZX code.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)with project ID 62071498the Guangdong National Science Foundation(GDNSF)with project ID 2024A1515010213.
文摘Constituted by BCH component codes and its ordered statistics decoding(OSD),the successive cancellation list(SCL)decoding of U-UV structural codes can provide competent error-correction performance in the short-to-medium length regime.However,this list decoding complexity becomes formidable as the decoding output list size increases.This is primarily incurred by the OSD.Addressing this challenge,this paper proposes the low complexity SCL decoding through reducing the complexity of component code decoding,and pruning the redundant SCL decoding paths.For the former,an efficient skipping rule is introduced for the OSD so that the higher order decoding can be skipped when they are not possible to provide a more likely codeword candidate.It is further extended to the OSD variant,the box-andmatch algorithm(BMA),in facilitating the component code decoding.Moreover,through estimating the correlation distance lower bounds(CDLBs)of the component code decoding outputs,a path pruning(PP)-SCL decoding is proposed to further facilitate the decoding of U-UV codes.In particular,its integration with the improved OSD and BMA is discussed.Simulation results show that significant complexity reduction can be achieved.Consequently,the U-UV codes can outperform the cyclic redundancy check(CRC)-polar codes with a similar decoding complexity.
文摘In mobile computing environments, most IoT devices connected to networks experience variable error rates and possess limited bandwidth. The conventional method of retransmitting lost information during transmission, commonly used in data transmission protocols, increases transmission delay and consumes excessive bandwidth. To overcome this issue, forward error correction techniques, e.g., Random Linear Network Coding(RLNC) can be used in data transmission. The primary challenge in RLNC-based methodologies is sustaining a consistent coding ratio during data transmission, leading to notable bandwidth usage and transmission delay in dynamic network conditions. Therefore, this study proposes a new block-based RLNC strategy known as Adjustable RLNC(ARLNC), which dynamically adjusts the coding ratio and transmission window during runtime based on the estimated network error rate calculated via receiver feedback. The calculations in this approach are performed using a Galois field with the order of 256. Furthermore, we assessed ARLNC's performance by subjecting it to various error models such as Gilbert Elliott, exponential, and constant rates and compared it with the standard RLNC. The results show that dynamically adjusting the coding ratio and transmission window size based on network conditions significantly enhances network throughput and reduces total transmission delay in most scenarios. In contrast to the conventional RLNC method employing a fixed coding ratio, the presented approach has demonstrated significant enhancements, resulting in a 73% decrease in transmission delay and a 4 times augmentation in throughput. However, in dynamic computational environments, ARLNC generally incurs higher computational costs than the standard RLNC but excels in high-performance networks.
文摘In the article“Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene”(Oncology Research.2024,Vol.32,No.7,pp.1185–1195.doi:10.32604/or.2023.030771,https://www.techscience.com/or/v32n7/57163),an inadvertent error occurred during the compilation of Fig.3H.This needed corrections to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data presented.
