High-temperature microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)and structures are increasingly appealing due to their critical role in stealth applications under harsh environments.However,the impedance mismatch caused by increa...High-temperature microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)and structures are increasingly appealing due to their critical role in stealth applications under harsh environments.However,the impedance mismatch caused by increased conduction loss often leads to a significant decline in electromagnetic wave absorp-tion(EMWA)performance at elevated temperatures,which severely restricts their practical application.In this study,we propose a novel approach for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption across a wide temperature range using reduced graphene oxide(RGO)/epoxy resin(EP)metacomposites that integrate both electromagnetic parameters and metamaterial design concepts.Due to the discrete distribution of the units,electromagnetic waves can more easily penetrate the interior of materials,thereby exhibiting stable microwave absorption(MA)performance and impedance-matching characteristics suitable across a wide temperature range.Consequently,exceptional MA properties can be achieved within the tem-perature range from 298 to 473 K.Furthermore,by carefully controlling the structural parameters in RGO metacomposites,both the resonant frequency and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)can be optimized based on precise manipulation of equivalent electromagnetic parameters.This study not only provides an effective approach for the rational design of MA performance but also offers novel insights into achieving super metamaterials with outstanding performance across a wide temperature spectrum.展开更多
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorders that lead to permanent visual loss and motor dysfunction.To date,no effective treatment exists as the exact causative mechanism rem...Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorders that lead to permanent visual loss and motor dysfunction.To date,no effective treatment exists as the exact causative mechanism remains unknown.Therefore,experimental models of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are essential for exploring its pathogenesis and in screening for therapeutic targets.Since most patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are seropositive for IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4,which is highly expressed on the membrane of astrocyte endfeet,most current experimental models are based on aquaporin-4-IgG that initially targets astrocytes.These experimental models have successfully simulated many pathological features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,such as aquaporin-4 loss,astrocytopathy,granulocyte and macrophage infiltration,complement activation,demyelination,and neuronal loss;however,they do not fully capture the pathological process of human neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.In this review,we summarize the currently known pathogenic mechanisms and the development of associated experimental models in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,suggest potential pathogenic mechanisms for further investigation,and provide guidance on experimental model choices.In addition,this review summarizes the latest information on pathologies and therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders based on experimental models of aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,offering further therapeutic targets and a theoretical basis for clinical trials.展开更多
Objective Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction,restricted and repetitive behaviors.Previous studies have indicated that...Objective Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction,restricted and repetitive behaviors.Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits,which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD.Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities.Therefore,this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties.Methods Our study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing(TD)age-matched controls.In an attention capture task,we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change(TC)and non-topological change(nTC)stimuli.Saccadic reaction time(SRT),visual search time(VS),and first fixation dwell time(FFDT)were used as indicators of attentional bias.Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted.Results This study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT(P<0.05)and VS(P<0.05)for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli,while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure(P>0.05).Additionally,ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets(measured by FFDT),in comparison to TD children(P<0.05).Furthermore,ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias(measured by VS)and their scores on the compulsive subscale(P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection.This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development,thereby impacting their social communication and interaction.In sum,our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Managing critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)presents unique challenges due to their distinct sensory sensitivities,communication difficulties,and behavioral issues.Effec...BACKGROUND Managing critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)presents unique challenges due to their distinct sensory sensitivities,communication difficulties,and behavioral issues.Effective strategies and protocols are essential for optimal care in these high-stress situations.AIM To systematically evaluate and synthesize current evidence on best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD.The review focuses on key areas,including sensory-friendly environments,communication strategies,behavioral management,and the role of multidisciplinary approaches.METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted across major medical databases,including PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library,for studies published between 2000 and 2023.Studies were selected based on their relevance to critical care management in children with ASD,encompassing randomized controlled trials,observational studies,qualitative research,and case studies.Data were extracted and analyzed to identify common themes,successful strategies,and areas for improvement.RESULTS The review identified 50 studies that met the inclusion criteria.Findings highlighted the importance of creating sensory-friendly environments,utilizing effective communication strategies,and implementing individualized behavioral management plans.These findings,derived from a comprehensive review of current evidence,provide valuable insights into the best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD.Sensory modifications,such as reduced lighting and noise,visual aids,and augmentative and alternative communication tools,enhanced patient comfort and cooperation.The involvement of multidisciplinary teams was crucial in delivering holistic care.Case studies provided practical insights and underscored the need for continuous refi-nement of protocols.CONCLUSION The review emphasizes the need for a tailored approach to managing critical care emergencies for children with ASD.Sensory-friendly adjustments,effective communication,and behavioral strategies supported by a mul-tidisciplinary team are integral to improving outcomes.Despite progress,ongoing refinement of care practices and protocols is necessary.This ongoing process addresses remaining challenges and engages healthcare professionals in continuous improvement of care for children with ASD in critical settings.展开更多
This paper proposes an efficient strategy for resource utilization in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) to minimize spectrum fragmentation and reduce connection blocking probability during Routing and Spectrum Allocatio...This paper proposes an efficient strategy for resource utilization in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) to minimize spectrum fragmentation and reduce connection blocking probability during Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA). The proposed method, Dynamic Threshold-Based Routing and Spectrum Allocation with Fragmentation Awareness (DT-RSAF), integrates rerouting and spectrum defragmentation as needed. By leveraging Yen’s shortest path algorithm, DT-RSAF enhances resource utilization while ensuring improved service continuity. A dynamic threshold mechanism enables the algorithm to adapt to varying network conditions, while its fragmentation awareness effectively mitigates spectrum fragmentation. Simulation results on NSFNET and COST 239 topologies demonstrate that DT-RSAF significantly outperforms methods such as K-Shortest Path Routing and Spectrum Allocation (KSP-RSA), Load Balanced and Fragmentation-Aware (LBFA), and the Invasive Weed Optimization-based RSA (IWO-RSA). Under heavy traffic, DT-RSAF reduces the blocking probability by up to 15% and achieves lower Bandwidth Fragmentation Ratios (BFR), ranging from 74% to 75%, compared to 77% - 80% for KSP-RSA, 75% - 77% for LBFA, and approximately 76% for IWO-RSA. DT-RSAF also demonstrated reasonable computation times compared to KSP-RSA, LBFA, and IWO-RSA. On a small-sized network, its computation time was 8710 times faster than that of Integer Linear Programming (ILP) on the same network topology. Additionally, it achieved a similar execution time to LBFA and outperformed IWO-RSA in terms of efficiency. These results highlight DT-RSAF’s capability to maintain large contiguous frequency blocks, making it highly effective for accommodating high-bandwidth requests in EONs while maintaining reasonable execution times.展开更多
Objective: With the increasing volume of trauma surgery, postoperative infections have garnered significant attention, as they not only affect patient outcomes but also raise healthcare costs and the risk of bacterial...Objective: With the increasing volume of trauma surgery, postoperative infections have garnered significant attention, as they not only affect patient outcomes but also raise healthcare costs and the risk of bacterial resistance. This study aims to analyze the microbial spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity of patients with postoperative infections in trauma surgery, providing a basis for clinical treatment and optimizing antibiotic usage strategies in this context. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with traumatic infections who were hospitalized in the departments of spine surgery, upper limb surgery, and lower limb surgery from January 2022 to December 2024. Bacterial culture-positive specimens were analyzed for bacterial species and antibiotic sensitivity. Results: A total of 804 traumatic infection specimens were submitted for testing, including 538 male patients (ages 2 - 95 years) and 266 female patients (ages 4 - 94 years). Among these, 267 cases showed positive culture results, with 172 males (ages 2 - 93 years) and 95 females (ages 4 - 94 years). A total of 153 strains of Gram-negative (G−) bacteria and 114 strains of Gram-positive (G+) bacteria were identified. Among G− bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated (40 strains), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28 strains) and Enterobacter cloacae (28 strains). Among G+ bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent (75 strains), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (15 strains) and Streptococcus pyogenes (8 strains). Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that the resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was as high as 93.33%, while the resistance rate of Escherichia coli to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 57.5%. Conclusion: The main pathogens responsible for postoperative infections in traumatology are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with significant antibiotic resistance. In clinical treatment, antibiotics should be selected rationally based on bacterial spectrum and resistance patterns to improve treatment efficacy.展开更多
This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The partici...This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins.In recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis.Th...BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins.In recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis.There are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of ASD.AIM To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell transplantation.METHODS A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with neurorehabilitation.RESULTS The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor skills.No serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.展开更多
Understanding the photon number statistics of a quantum emitter(QE)interacting with complex photonic environments is fundamental to advances in quantum optics and nanophotonics.We introduce a general theoretical frame...Understanding the photon number statistics of a quantum emitter(QE)interacting with complex photonic environments is fundamental to advances in quantum optics and nanophotonics.We introduce a general theoretical framework for calculating the modal photon number density spectrum(MPNDS)in arbitrary dielectric structures with an embedded two-level QE.We validate our approach by investigating a system composed of a two-level QE and a photonic crystal(PhC)slab with an L3 cavity and a waveguide,finding that the MPNDS exhibits significant changes in both waveguide and background radiative channels as the interaction between the QE and modal field transitions from weak coupling to strong coupling.We observe that the number of photons guided along the waveguide shows a strong dependence on the QE’s transition frequency and transition dipole moment,but demonstrates robustness to the transition dipole moment when the transition frequency approaches the waveguide cutoff frequency.Our work allows for the determination and tailoring of light emission characteristics across diverse radiative channels in complex photonic environments.展开更多
The sixth-generation(6G)networks will consist of multiple bands such as low-frequency,midfrequency,millimeter wave,terahertz and other bands to meet various business requirements and networking scenarios.The dynamic c...The sixth-generation(6G)networks will consist of multiple bands such as low-frequency,midfrequency,millimeter wave,terahertz and other bands to meet various business requirements and networking scenarios.The dynamic complementarity of multiple bands are crucial for enhancing the spectrum efficiency,reducing network energy consumption,and ensuring a consistent user experience.This paper investigates the present researches and challenges associated with deployment of multi-band integrated networks in existing infrastructures.Then,an evolutionary path for integrated networking is proposed with the consideration of maturity of emerging technologies and practical network deployment.The proposed design principles for 6G multi-band integrated networking aim to achieve on-demand networking objectives,while the architecture supports full spectrum access and collaboration between high and low frequencies.In addition,the potential key air interface technologies and intelligent technologies for integrated networking are comprehensively discussed.It will be a crucial basis for the subsequent standards promotion of 6G multi-band integrated networking technology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cellular therapies have started an important new therapeutic direction in autistic spectrum disorder(ASD),and the ample diversity of ASD pathophysiology and the different types of cell therapies prompt an e...BACKGROUND Cellular therapies have started an important new therapeutic direction in autistic spectrum disorder(ASD),and the ample diversity of ASD pathophysiology and the different types of cell therapies prompt an equally ample effort to employ clinical studies for studying the ASD causes and cell therapies.Stem cells have yielded so far mixed results in clinical trials,and at patient level the results varied from impressive to no improvement.In this context we have administered autologous cord blood(ACB)and a non-placebo,material intervention repre-sented by an individualized combination of supplements(ICS)to ASD children.METHODS CORDUS clinical study is a crossover study in which both oral ICS and intravenous ACB were sequentially administered to 56 children;ACB was infused as an inpatient procedure.Treatment efficacy was evaluated pre-treatment and post-treatment at 6 months by an independent psychotherapist with Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist,Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and a 16-item comparative table score,after interviewing the children’s parents and therapists.Before and after each intervention participants had a set of blood tests including inflammatory,metabolic and oxidative markers,and the neuronal specific enolase.RESULTS No serious adverse reactions were noted during and after cord blood or supplement administration.ACB improved evaluation scores in 78%of children with age 3–7-years(n=28),but was much less effective in kids older than 8 years or with body weight of more than 35 kg(n=28;only 11%of children improved scores).ICS yielded better results than ACB in 5 cases out of 28,while in 23 kids ACB brought more improvement than ICS(P<0.05);high initial levels of inflammation and ferritin were associated with no improvement.Ample individual differences were noted in children's progress,and statistically significant improvements were seen after ACB on areas such as verbalization and social interaction,but not on irritability or aggressive behavior.CONCLUSION ACB has superior efficacy to ICS in ASD;high inflammation,ferritin,age and body weight predict less improvement;more clinical studies are needed for studying ACB efficacy in ASD.展开更多
Background: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in experimental fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are associated with impaired signaling through complex pathways that mediate neuronal survival, growth, migration, en...Background: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in experimental fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are associated with impaired signaling through complex pathways that mediate neuronal survival, growth, migration, energy metabolism, and plasticity. Gestational dietary soy prevents alcohol-related impairments in placentation and FASD-associated fetal anomalies. Objective: This study was designed to determine if gestational dietary soy would be sufficient to normalize cognitive function in young adolescent offspring after chronic in utero exposure to alcohol. In addition, efforts were made to characterize the mechanisms of FASD prevention by maternal dietary soy. Methods: Pregnant Long Evans rats were fed isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 26% caloric ethanol with casein or soy isolate as the protein source from gestation day 6 through delivery/postnatal day 0 (P0). From P24 - P28, the offspring were subjected to Morris water maze (MWM) testing, and on P35, they were sacrificed to harvest temporal lobes for histopathologic and molecular studies. Results: The in-utero ethanol-exposed offspring exhibited significant performance impairments on the MWM test, and they had a significantly reduced mean brain weight with neuronal loss in the CA1 hippocampal region and evidence of white matter myelin loss. Gestational dietary soy nearly normalized MWM performance and preserved brain weight, hippocampal CA1 architecture, and white matter myelin staining in alcohol-exposed offspring. Mechanistically, the main positive effects of soy included increased temporal lobe expression of HES-1 and HIF-1α, reflecting enhanced Notch signaling, and broadly increased expression of GnRH network molecules, including Erb1, Gper1, GnRH, GnRH-R, KiSS, and KiSS-R, irrespective of gestational ethanol exposure. Conclusions: Dietary soy intervention early in pregnancy may reduce FASD-associated cognitive deficits. The findings suggest that targeting Notch and GnRH-related networks may help reduce long-term disability with FASD. Additional mechanistic and experimental research is needed to determine if longer-duration, postnatal dietary soy could prevent the adverse neurobehavioral effects of FASD.展开更多
Spectrum prediction is considered as a key technology to assist spectrum decision.Despite the great efforts that have been put on the construction of spectrum prediction,achieving accurate spectrum prediction emphasiz...Spectrum prediction is considered as a key technology to assist spectrum decision.Despite the great efforts that have been put on the construction of spectrum prediction,achieving accurate spectrum prediction emphasizes the need for more advanced solutions.In this paper,we propose a new multichannel multi-step spectrum prediction method using Transformer and stacked bidirectional LSTM(Bi-LSTM),named TSB.Specifically,we use multi-head attention and stacked Bi-LSTM to build a new Transformer based on encoder-decoder architecture.The self-attention mechanism composed of multiple layers of multi-head attention can continuously attend to all positions of the multichannel spectrum sequences.The stacked Bi-LSTM can learn these focused coding features by multi-head attention layer by layer.The advantage of this fusion mode is that it can deeply capture the long-term dependence of multichannel spectrum data.We have conducted extensive experiments on a dataset generated by a real simulation platform.The results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the baselines.展开更多
AIM:To determine the microbiological agents and antibiotic susceptibility of chronic dacryocystitis in recent years to guide effective treatment strategies.METHODS:A total of 308 adult patients with chronic dacryocyst...AIM:To determine the microbiological agents and antibiotic susceptibility of chronic dacryocystitis in recent years to guide effective treatment strategies.METHODS:A total of 308 adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis were enrolled from January 2020 to September 2022 in Beijing Tongren Hospital.The 229 pus specimens were taken from the conjunctival sac,while 79 specimens were taken from the opened lacrimal sac during transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR)surgery.All the samples were sent for microbiological smear and culture and drug susceptibility tests.RESULTS:The 202 specimens showed microbial growth,with a positive rate of 65.6%.The 313 strains of bacteria were isolated,including 272 aerobic or facultative anaerobes,accounting for 86.9%,and 41 anaerobic bacteria,accounting for 13.1%.The most common strains were Staphylococcus epidermidis,Corynebacterium macginleyi,and Staphylococcus aureus.Six strains of fungi were isolated.The 14 strains(18.9%)of Staphylococcus were found to be multidrug resistant.It showed a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria,up to 23 species.Specimens obtained during DCR surgery had a positive rate of 70.9%,which was higher than those obtained from the conjunctival sac(63.8%),with a statistically significant difference.More microbiological species were found in intraoperative specimens,and consisted largely of pathogenic bacteria or conditional pathogens.All the 6 strains of fungi were obtained from intraoperative specimens.All bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin,while a large number of bacteria were resistant to erythromycin.The commonly used ocular antibiotics levofloxacin,moxifloxacin and tobramycin were generally sensitive to most of the bacteria.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive cocci,gram-positive bacilli,and gram-negative bacilli are the predominant pathogens for chronic dacryocystitis.Specimens taken during DCR surgery can obtain more accurate microbiological results.展开更多
We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies wer...We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Most of the studies involved children and the study cohorts were largely males.Many of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA expression.Only five studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to validate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to controls.The microRNAs that were validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of adults.Several important limitations were identified in the studies reviewed,and need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with children and adults having different levels of autism spectrum disorder severity and consideration should be given to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs as a novel therapy.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction,alongside restricted,repetitive patterns of behaviors(RRB),interests,or ...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction,alongside restricted,repetitive patterns of behaviors(RRB),interests,or activities.It often co-occurs with various neuropsychiatric disorders,though their frequency varies widely due to unclear boundaries between the core features of ASD and common comorbidities.Catatonia,increasingly noted in neurodevelopmental conditions like ASD,shares striking similarities with ASD in symptomatology,brain mech-anisms,and treatment responses,prompting the question of whether it is a core feature of ASD or a distinct condition.This paper delved into this overlap,ex-ploring the relationship between catatonia and ASD through a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature from 1943 to 2024,sourced from PubMed and psy-chiatric journals.Focusing on ASD diagnostic evolution,symptom overlap with catatonia,and shared neurobiological and therapeutic characteristics,we used thematic analysis to synthesize findings into key areas such as historical nosology,phenomenological overlap,neurobiological parallels,and treatment response.The evidence revealed weak support for separating catatonia from overlapping RRB features of ASD,suggesting that some RRB might align more with comorbid catatonia than intrinsic ASD traits.However,this idea needs further validation through rigorous clinical trials.Clarifying this relationship could refine diagnostic approaches and open doors to targeted treatments,potentially improving out-comes for those affected.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)represents a neurodevelopmental disorder that has been the focus of numerous studies on the central nervous system(CNS).The embryological origin of the brain and retina is shared,with the ...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)represents a neurodevelopmental disorder that has been the focus of numerous studies on the central nervous system(CNS).The embryological origin of the brain and retina is shared,with the axons of retinal ganglion cells(RGC)developing into the optic nerves that enter the brain through the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus(LGN)of the thalamus,LGN,and other visual cortices.Given the evidence that individuals with ASD exhibit impairments in the visual mechanisms,including deficits in emotional face recognition,and difficulty in maintaining gaze control as well as eye contact,some studies have documented retinal alterations in individuals with ASD.These have been identified through ophthalmic assessments,including optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and electroretinography(ERG).With the improvements in ASD animal models,it is possible to obtain a better understanding of vision dysfunction in ASD by analyzing the molecular mechanisms of retinal function and structure abnormalities.This review aims to provide a summary of the recent research on ocular alterations in ASD patients and animal models,intending to contribute to further investigation of the eye-brain connection and communication.展开更多
Rapid urbanization has contributed to global increases in air pollution derived from urban areas.Unlike natural forests,urban forests are exposed to higher concentrations of airborne pollutants due to the strong urban...Rapid urbanization has contributed to global increases in air pollution derived from urban areas.Unlike natural forests,urban forests are exposed to higher concentrations of airborne pollutants due to the strong urban-suburban-rural pollutant emission gradients.However,there remains a pressing lack of available information pertaining to the urban air pollutionrelated effects on the leaf economics spectrum,anatomical,ultrastructural,and stomatal traits of tree species along an urban-rural gradient.Here,the degree to which urban air pollution impacts the adaption of greening tree species and associated service functions was assessed by sampling five common tree species(Acer pictum,Fraxinus chinensis,Koelreuteria paniculata,Salix babylonica,Sophora japonica)along urban-rural-natural forests in the Beijing metropolitan region of China.These analyses revealed a significant reduction in leaf mass per unit area(-13.4%),leaf thickness(-16.7%),and stomatal area(-27.5%)with increasing proximity to areas of greater air pollution that coincide with significant increases in leaf tissue density(+12.6%),leaf nitrogen content(+10.1%),relative chlorophyll content(+2.7%),and stomatal density(+11.9%).Higher air pollution levels were associated with organelle changes including gradual disintegration of chloroplasts,larger intercellular spaces and apparent starch and plastoglobuli deposition.Air pollutionwas conducive to the strengthening of the trade-off potential and adaptation strategies of trees in urban ecosystems,which are associated with trees with a rapid investment return strategy associated with thick leaves and strong photosynthetic capacity.These results provide strong empirical evidence of the profound air pollution-induced changes in leaf functional traits and adaption ability of urban forest tree species.展开更多
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect children’s social interaction and communication skills and exert a serious effect on children’s perception,language,emot...BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect children’s social interaction and communication skills and exert a serious effect on children’s perception,language,emotion,and especially social interaction development.AIM To determine the clinical and psychological characteristics of children with ASD according to the C-PEP-3.METHODS This retrospective study included 225 children with autism aged 2-7 years who were treated in our hospital from 2021 to 2024.The C-PEP-3 scale was used for assessment,and the evaluation results were analyzed.RESULTS The comparison of children with ASD in the age groups of<3.5 years and>3.5 years revealed significant differences in the scores of imitation,fine motor,gross motor,hand-eye coordination,cognitive performance,and verbal cognition development areas(P:Pass)(P<0.01).However,no significant differences in the scores of perception,emotion,interpersonal relationships,play,sensation,and language(S:Severe)were observed on pathological scales(P>0.05).The difference in age in the gross motor developmental delay of the scale was the smallest,whereas that of the verbal cognition was the largest,followed by the imitation functional area.An inverse correlation was found between the scores of imitation,perception,hand-eye coordination,and cognitive performance(P)developmental function areas in children with ASD and those of emotion,interpersonal relationships,game and item preferences,sensory patterns,and emotion(S)in the pathological scale(P<0.05).Fine and gross motor skills were negatively correlated with interpersonal relationships,game and item preferences,and emotions in the pathological scale(P<0.05).Age was significantly positively correlated with the scores of imitation,perception,fine motor,gross motor,hand-eye coordination,cognitive performance,and verbal cognition developmental function areas(P)(P<0.05).Further,age was not associated with emotions,interpersonal relationships,game and item preferences,sensory patterns,and emotions(P>0.05).No gender difference was observed between the scores of each developmental area(P)of the scale and the scores of each functional area(S)of the pathological scale.CONCLUSION The C-PEP-3 scale reflects the differences in clinical characteristics of children with autism,and the pathological scale is associated with the severity of developmental function areas.The C-PEP-3 scale can be utilized to assess the effect of age changes on children with autism.Attention in rehabilitation should be focused on addressing the pathological behaviors of children with autism.展开更多
Blockchain-based spectrum sharing with consensus is the key technology for sixth-generation mobile communication to realize dynamic spectrum management.In order to avoid the waste of computing and communication resour...Blockchain-based spectrum sharing with consensus is the key technology for sixth-generation mobile communication to realize dynamic spectrum management.In order to avoid the waste of computing and communication resources,a spectrum sharing policy-based consensus mechanism is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a spectrum sharing algorithm based on graph neural network is designed in the satelliteterrestrial spectrum sharing networks under the underlay model.It avoids high computational overhead of the traditional iterative optimization algorithm when the wireless channel condition and network topology are highly dynamic.Secondly,a consensus mechanism based on spectrum sharing strategy is designed,which converts the traditional meaningless hash problem into the graph neural network training.Miners compete for accounting rights by training a graph neutral network model that meets the spectrum sharing requirement.Finally,the consensus delay,communication and storage overhead of the proposed consensus mechanism are analyzed theoretically.The simulation results show that the proposed consensus mechanism can effectively improve spectrum efficiency with excellent scalability and generalization performance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.22305066 and 52372041).
文摘High-temperature microwave absorbing materials(MAMs)and structures are increasingly appealing due to their critical role in stealth applications under harsh environments.However,the impedance mismatch caused by increased conduction loss often leads to a significant decline in electromagnetic wave absorp-tion(EMWA)performance at elevated temperatures,which severely restricts their practical application.In this study,we propose a novel approach for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption across a wide temperature range using reduced graphene oxide(RGO)/epoxy resin(EP)metacomposites that integrate both electromagnetic parameters and metamaterial design concepts.Due to the discrete distribution of the units,electromagnetic waves can more easily penetrate the interior of materials,thereby exhibiting stable microwave absorption(MA)performance and impedance-matching characteristics suitable across a wide temperature range.Consequently,exceptional MA properties can be achieved within the tem-perature range from 298 to 473 K.Furthermore,by carefully controlling the structural parameters in RGO metacomposites,both the resonant frequency and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)can be optimized based on precise manipulation of equivalent electromagnetic parameters.This study not only provides an effective approach for the rational design of MA performance but also offers novel insights into achieving super metamaterials with outstanding performance across a wide temperature spectrum.
文摘Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorders that lead to permanent visual loss and motor dysfunction.To date,no effective treatment exists as the exact causative mechanism remains unknown.Therefore,experimental models of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are essential for exploring its pathogenesis and in screening for therapeutic targets.Since most patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are seropositive for IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4,which is highly expressed on the membrane of astrocyte endfeet,most current experimental models are based on aquaporin-4-IgG that initially targets astrocytes.These experimental models have successfully simulated many pathological features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,such as aquaporin-4 loss,astrocytopathy,granulocyte and macrophage infiltration,complement activation,demyelination,and neuronal loss;however,they do not fully capture the pathological process of human neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.In this review,we summarize the currently known pathogenic mechanisms and the development of associated experimental models in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,suggest potential pathogenic mechanisms for further investigation,and provide guidance on experimental model choices.In addition,this review summarizes the latest information on pathologies and therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders based on experimental models of aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,offering further therapeutic targets and a theoretical basis for clinical trials.
文摘Objective Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction,restricted and repetitive behaviors.Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits,which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD.Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities.Therefore,this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties.Methods Our study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing(TD)age-matched controls.In an attention capture task,we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change(TC)and non-topological change(nTC)stimuli.Saccadic reaction time(SRT),visual search time(VS),and first fixation dwell time(FFDT)were used as indicators of attentional bias.Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted.Results This study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT(P<0.05)and VS(P<0.05)for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli,while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure(P>0.05).Additionally,ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets(measured by FFDT),in comparison to TD children(P<0.05).Furthermore,ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias(measured by VS)and their scores on the compulsive subscale(P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection.This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development,thereby impacting their social communication and interaction.In sum,our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.
文摘BACKGROUND Managing critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)presents unique challenges due to their distinct sensory sensitivities,communication difficulties,and behavioral issues.Effective strategies and protocols are essential for optimal care in these high-stress situations.AIM To systematically evaluate and synthesize current evidence on best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD.The review focuses on key areas,including sensory-friendly environments,communication strategies,behavioral management,and the role of multidisciplinary approaches.METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted across major medical databases,including PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library,for studies published between 2000 and 2023.Studies were selected based on their relevance to critical care management in children with ASD,encompassing randomized controlled trials,observational studies,qualitative research,and case studies.Data were extracted and analyzed to identify common themes,successful strategies,and areas for improvement.RESULTS The review identified 50 studies that met the inclusion criteria.Findings highlighted the importance of creating sensory-friendly environments,utilizing effective communication strategies,and implementing individualized behavioral management plans.These findings,derived from a comprehensive review of current evidence,provide valuable insights into the best practices for managing critical care emergencies in children with ASD.Sensory modifications,such as reduced lighting and noise,visual aids,and augmentative and alternative communication tools,enhanced patient comfort and cooperation.The involvement of multidisciplinary teams was crucial in delivering holistic care.Case studies provided practical insights and underscored the need for continuous refi-nement of protocols.CONCLUSION The review emphasizes the need for a tailored approach to managing critical care emergencies for children with ASD.Sensory-friendly adjustments,effective communication,and behavioral strategies supported by a mul-tidisciplinary team are integral to improving outcomes.Despite progress,ongoing refinement of care practices and protocols is necessary.This ongoing process addresses remaining challenges and engages healthcare professionals in continuous improvement of care for children with ASD in critical settings.
文摘This paper proposes an efficient strategy for resource utilization in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) to minimize spectrum fragmentation and reduce connection blocking probability during Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA). The proposed method, Dynamic Threshold-Based Routing and Spectrum Allocation with Fragmentation Awareness (DT-RSAF), integrates rerouting and spectrum defragmentation as needed. By leveraging Yen’s shortest path algorithm, DT-RSAF enhances resource utilization while ensuring improved service continuity. A dynamic threshold mechanism enables the algorithm to adapt to varying network conditions, while its fragmentation awareness effectively mitigates spectrum fragmentation. Simulation results on NSFNET and COST 239 topologies demonstrate that DT-RSAF significantly outperforms methods such as K-Shortest Path Routing and Spectrum Allocation (KSP-RSA), Load Balanced and Fragmentation-Aware (LBFA), and the Invasive Weed Optimization-based RSA (IWO-RSA). Under heavy traffic, DT-RSAF reduces the blocking probability by up to 15% and achieves lower Bandwidth Fragmentation Ratios (BFR), ranging from 74% to 75%, compared to 77% - 80% for KSP-RSA, 75% - 77% for LBFA, and approximately 76% for IWO-RSA. DT-RSAF also demonstrated reasonable computation times compared to KSP-RSA, LBFA, and IWO-RSA. On a small-sized network, its computation time was 8710 times faster than that of Integer Linear Programming (ILP) on the same network topology. Additionally, it achieved a similar execution time to LBFA and outperformed IWO-RSA in terms of efficiency. These results highlight DT-RSAF’s capability to maintain large contiguous frequency blocks, making it highly effective for accommodating high-bandwidth requests in EONs while maintaining reasonable execution times.
文摘Objective: With the increasing volume of trauma surgery, postoperative infections have garnered significant attention, as they not only affect patient outcomes but also raise healthcare costs and the risk of bacterial resistance. This study aims to analyze the microbial spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity of patients with postoperative infections in trauma surgery, providing a basis for clinical treatment and optimizing antibiotic usage strategies in this context. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with traumatic infections who were hospitalized in the departments of spine surgery, upper limb surgery, and lower limb surgery from January 2022 to December 2024. Bacterial culture-positive specimens were analyzed for bacterial species and antibiotic sensitivity. Results: A total of 804 traumatic infection specimens were submitted for testing, including 538 male patients (ages 2 - 95 years) and 266 female patients (ages 4 - 94 years). Among these, 267 cases showed positive culture results, with 172 males (ages 2 - 93 years) and 95 females (ages 4 - 94 years). A total of 153 strains of Gram-negative (G−) bacteria and 114 strains of Gram-positive (G+) bacteria were identified. Among G− bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated (40 strains), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28 strains) and Enterobacter cloacae (28 strains). Among G+ bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent (75 strains), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (15 strains) and Streptococcus pyogenes (8 strains). Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that the resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was as high as 93.33%, while the resistance rate of Escherichia coli to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 57.5%. Conclusion: The main pathogens responsible for postoperative infections in traumatology are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with significant antibiotic resistance. In clinical treatment, antibiotics should be selected rationally based on bacterial spectrum and resistance patterns to improve treatment efficacy.
文摘This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.
文摘BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins.In recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis.There are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of ASD.AIM To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell transplantation.METHODS A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with neurorehabilitation.RESULTS The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor skills.No serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.
基金Project supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project,Guangzhou Basic Research Plan(Grant No.202201011444).
文摘Understanding the photon number statistics of a quantum emitter(QE)interacting with complex photonic environments is fundamental to advances in quantum optics and nanophotonics.We introduce a general theoretical framework for calculating the modal photon number density spectrum(MPNDS)in arbitrary dielectric structures with an embedded two-level QE.We validate our approach by investigating a system composed of a two-level QE and a photonic crystal(PhC)slab with an L3 cavity and a waveguide,finding that the MPNDS exhibits significant changes in both waveguide and background radiative channels as the interaction between the QE and modal field transitions from weak coupling to strong coupling.We observe that the number of photons guided along the waveguide shows a strong dependence on the QE’s transition frequency and transition dipole moment,but demonstrates robustness to the transition dipole moment when the transition frequency approaches the waveguide cutoff frequency.Our work allows for the determination and tailoring of light emission characteristics across diverse radiative channels in complex photonic environments.
基金supported by China’s National Key R&D Program(Project Number:2022YFB2902100)。
文摘The sixth-generation(6G)networks will consist of multiple bands such as low-frequency,midfrequency,millimeter wave,terahertz and other bands to meet various business requirements and networking scenarios.The dynamic complementarity of multiple bands are crucial for enhancing the spectrum efficiency,reducing network energy consumption,and ensuring a consistent user experience.This paper investigates the present researches and challenges associated with deployment of multi-band integrated networks in existing infrastructures.Then,an evolutionary path for integrated networking is proposed with the consideration of maturity of emerging technologies and practical network deployment.The proposed design principles for 6G multi-band integrated networking aim to achieve on-demand networking objectives,while the architecture supports full spectrum access and collaboration between high and low frequencies.In addition,the potential key air interface technologies and intelligent technologies for integrated networking are comprehensively discussed.It will be a crucial basis for the subsequent standards promotion of 6G multi-band integrated networking technology.
文摘BACKGROUND Cellular therapies have started an important new therapeutic direction in autistic spectrum disorder(ASD),and the ample diversity of ASD pathophysiology and the different types of cell therapies prompt an equally ample effort to employ clinical studies for studying the ASD causes and cell therapies.Stem cells have yielded so far mixed results in clinical trials,and at patient level the results varied from impressive to no improvement.In this context we have administered autologous cord blood(ACB)and a non-placebo,material intervention repre-sented by an individualized combination of supplements(ICS)to ASD children.METHODS CORDUS clinical study is a crossover study in which both oral ICS and intravenous ACB were sequentially administered to 56 children;ACB was infused as an inpatient procedure.Treatment efficacy was evaluated pre-treatment and post-treatment at 6 months by an independent psychotherapist with Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist,Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and a 16-item comparative table score,after interviewing the children’s parents and therapists.Before and after each intervention participants had a set of blood tests including inflammatory,metabolic and oxidative markers,and the neuronal specific enolase.RESULTS No serious adverse reactions were noted during and after cord blood or supplement administration.ACB improved evaluation scores in 78%of children with age 3–7-years(n=28),but was much less effective in kids older than 8 years or with body weight of more than 35 kg(n=28;only 11%of children improved scores).ICS yielded better results than ACB in 5 cases out of 28,while in 23 kids ACB brought more improvement than ICS(P<0.05);high initial levels of inflammation and ferritin were associated with no improvement.Ample individual differences were noted in children's progress,and statistically significant improvements were seen after ACB on areas such as verbalization and social interaction,but not on irritability or aggressive behavior.CONCLUSION ACB has superior efficacy to ICS in ASD;high inflammation,ferritin,age and body weight predict less improvement;more clinical studies are needed for studying ACB efficacy in ASD.
文摘Background: Neurodevelopmental abnormalities in experimental fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are associated with impaired signaling through complex pathways that mediate neuronal survival, growth, migration, energy metabolism, and plasticity. Gestational dietary soy prevents alcohol-related impairments in placentation and FASD-associated fetal anomalies. Objective: This study was designed to determine if gestational dietary soy would be sufficient to normalize cognitive function in young adolescent offspring after chronic in utero exposure to alcohol. In addition, efforts were made to characterize the mechanisms of FASD prevention by maternal dietary soy. Methods: Pregnant Long Evans rats were fed isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 26% caloric ethanol with casein or soy isolate as the protein source from gestation day 6 through delivery/postnatal day 0 (P0). From P24 - P28, the offspring were subjected to Morris water maze (MWM) testing, and on P35, they were sacrificed to harvest temporal lobes for histopathologic and molecular studies. Results: The in-utero ethanol-exposed offspring exhibited significant performance impairments on the MWM test, and they had a significantly reduced mean brain weight with neuronal loss in the CA1 hippocampal region and evidence of white matter myelin loss. Gestational dietary soy nearly normalized MWM performance and preserved brain weight, hippocampal CA1 architecture, and white matter myelin staining in alcohol-exposed offspring. Mechanistically, the main positive effects of soy included increased temporal lobe expression of HES-1 and HIF-1α, reflecting enhanced Notch signaling, and broadly increased expression of GnRH network molecules, including Erb1, Gper1, GnRH, GnRH-R, KiSS, and KiSS-R, irrespective of gestational ethanol exposure. Conclusions: Dietary soy intervention early in pregnancy may reduce FASD-associated cognitive deficits. The findings suggest that targeting Notch and GnRH-related networks may help reduce long-term disability with FASD. Additional mechanistic and experimental research is needed to determine if longer-duration, postnatal dietary soy could prevent the adverse neurobehavioral effects of FASD.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62231015,62427801in part by Jiangsu Province Frontier Leading Technology Basic Research Project BK20232030.
文摘Spectrum prediction is considered as a key technology to assist spectrum decision.Despite the great efforts that have been put on the construction of spectrum prediction,achieving accurate spectrum prediction emphasizes the need for more advanced solutions.In this paper,we propose a new multichannel multi-step spectrum prediction method using Transformer and stacked bidirectional LSTM(Bi-LSTM),named TSB.Specifically,we use multi-head attention and stacked Bi-LSTM to build a new Transformer based on encoder-decoder architecture.The self-attention mechanism composed of multiple layers of multi-head attention can continuously attend to all positions of the multichannel spectrum sequences.The stacked Bi-LSTM can learn these focused coding features by multi-head attention layer by layer.The advantage of this fusion mode is that it can deeply capture the long-term dependence of multichannel spectrum data.We have conducted extensive experiments on a dataset generated by a real simulation platform.The results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the baselines.
文摘AIM:To determine the microbiological agents and antibiotic susceptibility of chronic dacryocystitis in recent years to guide effective treatment strategies.METHODS:A total of 308 adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis were enrolled from January 2020 to September 2022 in Beijing Tongren Hospital.The 229 pus specimens were taken from the conjunctival sac,while 79 specimens were taken from the opened lacrimal sac during transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR)surgery.All the samples were sent for microbiological smear and culture and drug susceptibility tests.RESULTS:The 202 specimens showed microbial growth,with a positive rate of 65.6%.The 313 strains of bacteria were isolated,including 272 aerobic or facultative anaerobes,accounting for 86.9%,and 41 anaerobic bacteria,accounting for 13.1%.The most common strains were Staphylococcus epidermidis,Corynebacterium macginleyi,and Staphylococcus aureus.Six strains of fungi were isolated.The 14 strains(18.9%)of Staphylococcus were found to be multidrug resistant.It showed a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria,up to 23 species.Specimens obtained during DCR surgery had a positive rate of 70.9%,which was higher than those obtained from the conjunctival sac(63.8%),with a statistically significant difference.More microbiological species were found in intraoperative specimens,and consisted largely of pathogenic bacteria or conditional pathogens.All the 6 strains of fungi were obtained from intraoperative specimens.All bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin,while a large number of bacteria were resistant to erythromycin.The commonly used ocular antibiotics levofloxacin,moxifloxacin and tobramycin were generally sensitive to most of the bacteria.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive cocci,gram-positive bacilli,and gram-negative bacilli are the predominant pathogens for chronic dacryocystitis.Specimens taken during DCR surgery can obtain more accurate microbiological results.
文摘We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Most of the studies involved children and the study cohorts were largely males.Many of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA expression.Only five studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to validate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to controls.The microRNAs that were validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of adults.Several important limitations were identified in the studies reviewed,and need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with children and adults having different levels of autism spectrum disorder severity and consideration should be given to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs as a novel therapy.
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction,alongside restricted,repetitive patterns of behaviors(RRB),interests,or activities.It often co-occurs with various neuropsychiatric disorders,though their frequency varies widely due to unclear boundaries between the core features of ASD and common comorbidities.Catatonia,increasingly noted in neurodevelopmental conditions like ASD,shares striking similarities with ASD in symptomatology,brain mech-anisms,and treatment responses,prompting the question of whether it is a core feature of ASD or a distinct condition.This paper delved into this overlap,ex-ploring the relationship between catatonia and ASD through a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature from 1943 to 2024,sourced from PubMed and psy-chiatric journals.Focusing on ASD diagnostic evolution,symptom overlap with catatonia,and shared neurobiological and therapeutic characteristics,we used thematic analysis to synthesize findings into key areas such as historical nosology,phenomenological overlap,neurobiological parallels,and treatment response.The evidence revealed weak support for separating catatonia from overlapping RRB features of ASD,suggesting that some RRB might align more with comorbid catatonia than intrinsic ASD traits.However,this idea needs further validation through rigorous clinical trials.Clarifying this relationship could refine diagnostic approaches and open doors to targeted treatments,potentially improving out-comes for those affected.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Department of Science and Technology Key R&D Program(No.BE2023777)the Jiangsu Commission of Health(No.H2022185)Jiangsu Province Hospital(the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University)Clinical Capacity Enhancement Project(No.JSPH-MB-2023-18).
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)represents a neurodevelopmental disorder that has been the focus of numerous studies on the central nervous system(CNS).The embryological origin of the brain and retina is shared,with the axons of retinal ganglion cells(RGC)developing into the optic nerves that enter the brain through the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus(LGN)of the thalamus,LGN,and other visual cortices.Given the evidence that individuals with ASD exhibit impairments in the visual mechanisms,including deficits in emotional face recognition,and difficulty in maintaining gaze control as well as eye contact,some studies have documented retinal alterations in individuals with ASD.These have been identified through ophthalmic assessments,including optical coherence tomography(OCT),optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and electroretinography(ERG).With the improvements in ASD animal models,it is possible to obtain a better understanding of vision dysfunction in ASD by analyzing the molecular mechanisms of retinal function and structure abnormalities.This review aims to provide a summary of the recent research on ocular alterations in ASD patients and animal models,intending to contribute to further investigation of the eye-brain connection and communication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271673)5·5 Engineering Research&Innovation Team Project of Beijing Forestry University(No.BLRC2023B06).
文摘Rapid urbanization has contributed to global increases in air pollution derived from urban areas.Unlike natural forests,urban forests are exposed to higher concentrations of airborne pollutants due to the strong urban-suburban-rural pollutant emission gradients.However,there remains a pressing lack of available information pertaining to the urban air pollutionrelated effects on the leaf economics spectrum,anatomical,ultrastructural,and stomatal traits of tree species along an urban-rural gradient.Here,the degree to which urban air pollution impacts the adaption of greening tree species and associated service functions was assessed by sampling five common tree species(Acer pictum,Fraxinus chinensis,Koelreuteria paniculata,Salix babylonica,Sophora japonica)along urban-rural-natural forests in the Beijing metropolitan region of China.These analyses revealed a significant reduction in leaf mass per unit area(-13.4%),leaf thickness(-16.7%),and stomatal area(-27.5%)with increasing proximity to areas of greater air pollution that coincide with significant increases in leaf tissue density(+12.6%),leaf nitrogen content(+10.1%),relative chlorophyll content(+2.7%),and stomatal density(+11.9%).Higher air pollution levels were associated with organelle changes including gradual disintegration of chloroplasts,larger intercellular spaces and apparent starch and plastoglobuli deposition.Air pollutionwas conducive to the strengthening of the trade-off potential and adaptation strategies of trees in urban ecosystems,which are associated with trees with a rapid investment return strategy associated with thick leaves and strong photosynthetic capacity.These results provide strong empirical evidence of the profound air pollution-induced changes in leaf functional traits and adaption ability of urban forest tree species.
文摘BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect children’s social interaction and communication skills and exert a serious effect on children’s perception,language,emotion,and especially social interaction development.AIM To determine the clinical and psychological characteristics of children with ASD according to the C-PEP-3.METHODS This retrospective study included 225 children with autism aged 2-7 years who were treated in our hospital from 2021 to 2024.The C-PEP-3 scale was used for assessment,and the evaluation results were analyzed.RESULTS The comparison of children with ASD in the age groups of<3.5 years and>3.5 years revealed significant differences in the scores of imitation,fine motor,gross motor,hand-eye coordination,cognitive performance,and verbal cognition development areas(P:Pass)(P<0.01).However,no significant differences in the scores of perception,emotion,interpersonal relationships,play,sensation,and language(S:Severe)were observed on pathological scales(P>0.05).The difference in age in the gross motor developmental delay of the scale was the smallest,whereas that of the verbal cognition was the largest,followed by the imitation functional area.An inverse correlation was found between the scores of imitation,perception,hand-eye coordination,and cognitive performance(P)developmental function areas in children with ASD and those of emotion,interpersonal relationships,game and item preferences,sensory patterns,and emotion(S)in the pathological scale(P<0.05).Fine and gross motor skills were negatively correlated with interpersonal relationships,game and item preferences,and emotions in the pathological scale(P<0.05).Age was significantly positively correlated with the scores of imitation,perception,fine motor,gross motor,hand-eye coordination,cognitive performance,and verbal cognition developmental function areas(P)(P<0.05).Further,age was not associated with emotions,interpersonal relationships,game and item preferences,sensory patterns,and emotions(P>0.05).No gender difference was observed between the scores of each developmental area(P)of the scale and the scores of each functional area(S)of the pathological scale.CONCLUSION The C-PEP-3 scale reflects the differences in clinical characteristics of children with autism,and the pathological scale is associated with the severity of developmental function areas.The C-PEP-3 scale can be utilized to assess the effect of age changes on children with autism.Attention in rehabilitation should be focused on addressing the pathological behaviors of children with autism.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62171020.
文摘Blockchain-based spectrum sharing with consensus is the key technology for sixth-generation mobile communication to realize dynamic spectrum management.In order to avoid the waste of computing and communication resources,a spectrum sharing policy-based consensus mechanism is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a spectrum sharing algorithm based on graph neural network is designed in the satelliteterrestrial spectrum sharing networks under the underlay model.It avoids high computational overhead of the traditional iterative optimization algorithm when the wireless channel condition and network topology are highly dynamic.Secondly,a consensus mechanism based on spectrum sharing strategy is designed,which converts the traditional meaningless hash problem into the graph neural network training.Miners compete for accounting rights by training a graph neutral network model that meets the spectrum sharing requirement.Finally,the consensus delay,communication and storage overhead of the proposed consensus mechanism are analyzed theoretically.The simulation results show that the proposed consensus mechanism can effectively improve spectrum efficiency with excellent scalability and generalization performance.
