Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. German cockroaches （Blattella germanica） were sampled in five habitats （hospital, restaurant, office home, and market） in Beiji...Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. German cockroaches （Blattella germanica） were sampled in five habitats （hospital, restaurant, office home, and market） in Beijing, and the bacteria were isolated from their external surface and alimentary tract and identified using a Biolog identification system. Cockroach densities significantly differed among habitats （market 〉 home 〉 office 〉 restaurant 〉 hospital）. However, no significant differences in bacterial abundance carried by individual German cockroaches （of either sex） were found among habitats. The bacterial abundance in the gut was significantly higher than that on the surface. There were no significant differences in bacterial species richness observed among habitats, sex, carrying position or their interaction. Cluster analysis showed that cockroach densities and bacterial abundance found in the market differed significantly from the other four habitats. The bacterial diversity was not significantly reduced in sensitive facilities such as hospital and restaurant, even though pesticide and bactericide were more frequently applied there. The implications of these findings were discussed in this article.展开更多
A study was performed to estimate the prevalence of the external bacterial flora of two domestic cockroaches （Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis） collected from households in Tebessa （northeast AIgeria）.Thr...A study was performed to estimate the prevalence of the external bacterial flora of two domestic cockroaches （Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis） collected from households in Tebessa （northeast AIgeria）.Three major bacterial groups were cultured （total aerobic, enterobacteria, and staphylococci） from 14 specimens of cockroaches, and antibiotic susceptibility was tested for both Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas isolates. Culturing showed that the total bacterial load of cockroaches from different households were comparable （P〈0.001） and enterobacteria were the predominant colonizers of the insect surface, with a bacterial load of （2.1×10^5 CFU/insect）, whereas the staphylococci group was the minority. Twenty-eight bacterial species were isolated, and susceptibility patterns showed that most of the staphylococci isolates were highly susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamycin, pristinamycin, ofloxacin, clindamycin, and vancomycin; however, Pseudomonas strains exhibited resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, and the second-generation antibiotic cephalosporin cefuroxime.展开更多
Antennal sensilla are investigated in three xylophagous cockroaches： Cryptocercus meridianus, C. habaensis and C. changbaiensis, using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. General morphology of the antenna is provid...Antennal sensilla are investigated in three xylophagous cockroaches： Cryptocercus meridianus, C. habaensis and C. changbaiensis, using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. General morphology of the antenna is provided in detail, and no significant differences are found among the three species. Six primary types of sensilla are observed and measured： sensilla chaetica （Ch）, sensilla trichodea （Tr）, sensilla basiconica （Ba）, sensilla coeloconica （Co）, sensilla campaniformia （Ca） and sensilla capitula （Cp）. Sensilla trichodea 1 （Trl） is the most abundant sensillum in all three species. There are some statistical differences between sexes and among species. Comparing Cryptocercus with other cockroaches and termites, we briefly discuss the differences among them in terms of their habitat. According to the statistical analysis performed with the sensilla, these morphological characteristics are not enough to separate the three species and may not be suitable for a classification at species level.展开更多
This article describes the structure of the cockroach-like robot.Both kinematics and locomotion control are inspired by biological observations in cockroaches.Based on cockroach-like robot kinematics analysis,screw th...This article describes the structure of the cockroach-like robot.Both kinematics and locomotion control are inspired by biological observations in cockroaches.Based on cockroach-like robot kinematics analysis,screw theory,and the production-of-exponential (POE) formula,this paper focuses on the inverse kinematics which uses Paden-Kahan sub-problems to obtain directly the displacement of joint angles.The forward kinematics derives the relationship between joint angles according to the natural restrictions.Then,by using the POE formula,it can deduce the body pose and realize online trajectory control and planning.Through simulation and experimentation,it is proved that the straight-line walking and turning gait algorithms have static stability and the inverse kinematics analysis of cockroach-like robot is correct.展开更多
The book, Cockroaches of Southeastern China, wrote by Xianwei Liu, Weibing Zhu, Li Dai and Hanqiang Wang, was published in 2017.In this book,the cockroachs fauna of the Southern China was observed,occupied Shandong, A...The book, Cockroaches of Southeastern China, wrote by Xianwei Liu, Weibing Zhu, Li Dai and Hanqiang Wang, was published in 2017.In this book,the cockroachs fauna of the Southern China was observed,occupied Shandong, Anhui,Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Guangdong and Hainan Provinces.展开更多
Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis was conducted for the differentiation of two most commonly occurring insect species Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanicana. This technique is proved to be a q...Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis was conducted for the differentiation of two most commonly occurring insect species Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanicana. This technique is proved to be a quick and effective to establish genetic markers to differentiate morphologically similar populations. During the study cockroach species Periplanata americana and Blatella germanicana were considered. Ten random primers were used for polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Many of such bands obtained, which differentiate between the two species. On the basis of interpretability, simplicity and reproducibility, six primers P1 （GATGACCGCC）, P3 （GGCACGTAAC）, P6 （GGTGCGCCTT）, P7 （GTCAGAGTCG）, P8 （GTCGCCGTCT） and PI0 （GTGCCCGATG） were considered positive for genetic differentiation and analysis. A series of bands ranging from -300 bp to -1,000 bp obtained indicates that these two species are related, however they exhibit some variations. It has also been observed that the same primers also amplified some DNA fragments of the same size in both the species, which indicates the presence of conserved regions, sharing ancestral relationship. Some of the fragments were unique in both the species which may be used for diagnostic purposes. The study concludes that the RAPD-PCR technique is useful for the study of molecular taxonomy in insects.展开更多
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (No. KZCX2-YW-422)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology.
文摘Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. German cockroaches （Blattella germanica） were sampled in five habitats （hospital, restaurant, office home, and market） in Beijing, and the bacteria were isolated from their external surface and alimentary tract and identified using a Biolog identification system. Cockroach densities significantly differed among habitats （market 〉 home 〉 office 〉 restaurant 〉 hospital）. However, no significant differences in bacterial abundance carried by individual German cockroaches （of either sex） were found among habitats. The bacterial abundance in the gut was significantly higher than that on the surface. There were no significant differences in bacterial species richness observed among habitats, sex, carrying position or their interaction. Cluster analysis showed that cockroach densities and bacterial abundance found in the market differed significantly from the other four habitats. The bacterial diversity was not significantly reduced in sensitive facilities such as hospital and restaurant, even though pesticide and bactericide were more frequently applied there. The implications of these findings were discussed in this article.
文摘A study was performed to estimate the prevalence of the external bacterial flora of two domestic cockroaches （Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis） collected from households in Tebessa （northeast AIgeria）.Three major bacterial groups were cultured （total aerobic, enterobacteria, and staphylococci） from 14 specimens of cockroaches, and antibiotic susceptibility was tested for both Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas isolates. Culturing showed that the total bacterial load of cockroaches from different households were comparable （P〈0.001） and enterobacteria were the predominant colonizers of the insect surface, with a bacterial load of （2.1×10^5 CFU/insect）, whereas the staphylococci group was the minority. Twenty-eight bacterial species were isolated, and susceptibility patterns showed that most of the staphylococci isolates were highly susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamycin, pristinamycin, ofloxacin, clindamycin, and vancomycin; however, Pseudomonas strains exhibited resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, and the second-generation antibiotic cephalosporin cefuroxime.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing (cstc2014jcyj80018)
文摘Antennal sensilla are investigated in three xylophagous cockroaches： Cryptocercus meridianus, C. habaensis and C. changbaiensis, using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. General morphology of the antenna is provided in detail, and no significant differences are found among the three species. Six primary types of sensilla are observed and measured： sensilla chaetica （Ch）, sensilla trichodea （Tr）, sensilla basiconica （Ba）, sensilla coeloconica （Co）, sensilla campaniformia （Ca） and sensilla capitula （Cp）. Sensilla trichodea 1 （Trl） is the most abundant sensillum in all three species. There are some statistical differences between sexes and among species. Comparing Cryptocercus with other cockroaches and termites, we briefly discuss the differences among them in terms of their habitat. According to the statistical analysis performed with the sensilla, these morphological characteristics are not enough to separate the three species and may not be suitable for a classification at species level.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China(No. 2008AA04Z210)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 60775059)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No. 3093021)
文摘This article describes the structure of the cockroach-like robot.Both kinematics and locomotion control are inspired by biological observations in cockroaches.Based on cockroach-like robot kinematics analysis,screw theory,and the production-of-exponential (POE) formula,this paper focuses on the inverse kinematics which uses Paden-Kahan sub-problems to obtain directly the displacement of joint angles.The forward kinematics derives the relationship between joint angles according to the natural restrictions.Then,by using the POE formula,it can deduce the body pose and realize online trajectory control and planning.Through simulation and experimentation,it is proved that the straight-line walking and turning gait algorithms have static stability and the inverse kinematics analysis of cockroach-like robot is correct.
文摘The book, Cockroaches of Southeastern China, wrote by Xianwei Liu, Weibing Zhu, Li Dai and Hanqiang Wang, was published in 2017.In this book,the cockroachs fauna of the Southern China was observed,occupied Shandong, Anhui,Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Guangdong and Hainan Provinces.
文摘Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis was conducted for the differentiation of two most commonly occurring insect species Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanicana. This technique is proved to be a quick and effective to establish genetic markers to differentiate morphologically similar populations. During the study cockroach species Periplanata americana and Blatella germanicana were considered. Ten random primers were used for polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Many of such bands obtained, which differentiate between the two species. On the basis of interpretability, simplicity and reproducibility, six primers P1 （GATGACCGCC）, P3 （GGCACGTAAC）, P6 （GGTGCGCCTT）, P7 （GTCAGAGTCG）, P8 （GTCGCCGTCT） and PI0 （GTGCCCGATG） were considered positive for genetic differentiation and analysis. A series of bands ranging from -300 bp to -1,000 bp obtained indicates that these two species are related, however they exhibit some variations. It has also been observed that the same primers also amplified some DNA fragments of the same size in both the species, which indicates the presence of conserved regions, sharing ancestral relationship. Some of the fragments were unique in both the species which may be used for diagnostic purposes. The study concludes that the RAPD-PCR technique is useful for the study of molecular taxonomy in insects.
